CONTENTS

I. APOLOGIES FOR POLITICAL CORRUPTION
PAGE
Introduction:—Corruption not defensible on the ground of the strength and prevalence of temptation[3]
Four main lines of apology[4]
That corruption makes business good[4]
Protection of vice[5]
Corrupt concessions to legitimate business[10]
That corruption may be more than compensated for by the high efficiency otherwise of those who engage in it[14]
That corruption saves us from mob rule[17]
That corruption is part of an evolutionary process the ends of which are presumed to be so beneficent as to more than atone for the existing evils attributable to it[22]
Conclusion: The probable future development of corruption in politics, the failure of the apologies for political corruption[37]
II. THE NATURE OF POLITICAL CORRUPTION
Introduction, definition, etc.[41]
Frequent use of the word corruption[41]
Legal definitions contrasted with definitions from the point of view of ethics, political science, etc.[42]
Verbal difficulties[42]
Levity in the use of the word[42]
Metaphor implied by the word[43]
Distinction between bribery and corruption; between corruption and auto-corruption[45]
Tentative definition of corruption[46]
Analysis of the concept of corruption[46]
Corruption not limited to politics. Exists in business, church, schools, etc.[46]
Intentional character of corruption. Distinguished from inefficiency[48]
Various degrees of clearness of political duties[51]
Consequences of wide extension of political duties[52]
Recognition of political duty[55]
Legal and other standards[55]
The radical view[57]
Advantages sought by corrupt action[59]
Various degrees and kinds of advantages[60]
Rewards and threats[63]
Degree of personal interest involved[65]
Corruption for the benefit of party[71]
Summary[74]
III. CORRUPTION: A PERSISTENT PROBLEM OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE
Extreme consequences of corruption[81]
Less extreme consequences of corruption: recovery from corrupt conditions[82]
The continuing character of the problem of corruption[85]
Disappearance of certain forms of corruption; changes of form of corruption[88]
Subsidies from foreign monarchs[89]
Influence of royal mistresses[90]
Lord Bacon’s case[90]
Pepys and the acceptance of presents[93]
Corruption and the administrative service appointments[95]
Recent changes in the forms of municipal corruption[98]
Limitation of corruption to certain branches or spheres of government[100]
In local government only, in central government only[100]
Middle grade of Japanese officials[102]
Limitation of corruption in amount[105]
Contractual character of most corruption[106]
Prudential considerations restraining corruptionists[107]
Summary[109]
IV. CORRUPTION IN THE PROFESSIONS, JOURNALISM, AND THE HIGHER EDUCATION
Forms of corruption not commonly recognised as such; their significance[113]
General classification of recognised forms of corruption[116]
Defilement of the sources of public instruction[117]
Difficulty of defining and regulating corruption in this sphere[118]
Professional codes of ethics[119]
Corruption in journalism: an extreme view; limitations[121]
Corruption in higher education[132]
Growing influence of colleges and universities[133]
Higher education and public opinion[134]
Personal responsibility of the teacher[136]
The struggle for endowments and resulting bad practices[137]
The teaching of economic, political, and social doctrines in colleges and universities[139]
Summary[156]
V. CORRUPTION IN BUSINESS AND POLITICS
Corruption in business[161]
Effect of consolidation in business[163]
Effect of state regulation in transforming character of business corruption[165]
Necessity of further reform efforts[167]
Classification of forms of political corruption[169]
Political corruption resulting from state regulation of business[171]
New forms of state regulation; other means of strengthening the position of government[174]
The state as seller; difficulties and safeguards[179]
Work of the Bureau of Municipal Research[184]
Vice and crime in their relation to corrupt politics[186]
Methods of repression[188]
Tax dodging as a form of political corruption; quasi-justification of the practice[192]
Methods of overcoming tax dodging[195]
Auto-corruption, and its effects upon party prestige[199]
Corruption in relation to political control the basis of all other forms of political corruption[201]
Summary[208]
VI. CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS AND THE THEORY OF PARTY SUPPORT
Party functions in the United States[213]
Neglect of the sources of party support[217]
Campaign contributions as a part of the problem[220]
Payment of campaign expenses by the state[221]
Publicity of campaign contributions[229]
State laws requiring publicity[229]
Congressional publicity bill of 1908[230]
Voluntary publicity in the presidential campaign of 1908; results[233]
Publicity before or after election[236]
Special information of candidates before election[239]
Publicity as applied to political organisations other than campaign committees[241]
Prohibition or limitation of campaign contributions from certain sources[244]
Prohibition of corporate contributions[244]
Partnerships, labour unions, clubs, etc.[247]
Contributions by candidates[248]
Contributions by civil service employees[256]
Limiting the amount of individual contributions[258]
Effect of smaller campaign funds on political affairs[259]
Time limits of large contributions[262]
Geographical limits upon the use of campaign funds[263]
Effect of campaign fund reform on business interests in their relation to government[264]
Limitation of campaign gifts of services[267]
Extension of campaign contribution reforms to state and local elections[268]
To primary and convention campaigns[270]
Administration of the reform measures[271]
Possibilities of campaign fund reform[273]
VII. CORRUPTION AND NOTORIETY: THE MEASURE OF OUR OFFENDING
Our damaged political reputation; how acquired[277]
The garrulity of politicians, its explanation[278]
Sensationalism of the press[281]
Reform movements, to what extent are they evidence of moral improvement[287]
Special privilege in England and Germany[290]
Significance of the American attitude toward special privilege[291]
Special privilege not always corrupt, but may come to be considered such[292]
American criticism of special privilege as corrupt not proof of our inferiority to Europe in political morality[294]
Consequences of the wide diffusion of political power in the United States[296]
Conclusion: Corruption decreasing in the more progressive countries of the world[299]