LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

[Frontispiece]: The Grecian Idea of the Steam-Engine.

FIG. PAGE
1.[Opening Temple-Doors by Steam, b. c. 200]6
2.[Steam Fountain, b. c. 200]7
3.[Hero’s Engine, b. c. 200]8
4.[Porta’s Apparatus, a. d. 1601]14
5.[De Caus’s Apparatus, a. d. 1605]15
6.[Branca’s Steam-Engine, a. d. 1629]17
7.[Worcester’s Steam-Fountain, a. d. 1650]21
8.[Worcester’s Engine, a. d. 1665]22
9.[Wall of Raglan Castle]22
10.[Huyghens’s Engine, 1680]26
11.[Savery’s Model, 1698]34
12.[Savery’s Engine, 1698]35
13.[Savery’s Engine, a. d. 1702]37
14.[Papin’s Two-Way Cock]42
15.[Engine Built by Desaguliers in 1718]43
16.[Papin’s Digester, 1680]48
17.[Papin’s Engine]50
18.[Papin’s Engine and Water-Wheel, a. d. 1707]53
19.[Newcomen’s Engine, a. d. 1705]59
20.[Beighton’s Valve-Gear, a. d. 1718]63
21.[Smeaton’s Newcomen Engine]65
22.[Boiler of Newcomen Engine, 1763]67
23.[Smeaton’s Portable-Engine Boiler, 1765]73
24.[The Newcomen Model]84
25.[Watt’s Experiment]89
26.[Watt’s Engine, 1774]98
27.[Watt’s Engine, 1781]104
28.[Expansion of Steam]108
29.[The Governor]115
30.[Mercury Steam-Gauge and Glass Water-Gauge]117
31.[Boulton & Watt’s Double-Acting Engine, 1784]119
32.[Valve-Gear of the Albion Mills Engine]121
33.[Watt’s Half-Trunk Engine, 1784]122
34.[The Watt Hammer, 1784]123
35.[James Watt’s Workshop]129
36.[Murdoch’s Oscillating Engine, 1785]134
37.[Hornblower’s Compound Engine, 1781]136
38.[Bull’s Pumping-Engine, 1798]139
39.[Cartwright’s Engine, 1798]141
40.[The First Railroad-Car, 1825]144
41.[Leupold’s Engine, 1720]148
42.[Newton’s Steam-Carriage, 1680]149
43.[Read’s Steam-Carriage, 1790]150
44.[Cugnot’s Steam-Carriage, 1770]151
45.[Murdoch’s Model, 1784]153
46.[Evans’s Non-Condensing Engine, 1800]156
47.[Evans’s “Oruktor Amphibolis,” 1804]157
48.[Gurney’s Steam-Carriage]163
49.[Hancock’s “Autopsy”, 1833]168
50.[Trevithick’s Locomotive, 1804]175
51.[Stephenson’s Locomotive of 1815. Section]187
52.[Stephenson’s No. 1 Engine, 1825]191
53.[Opening of the Stockton and Darlington Railroad, 1815]192
54.[The “Novelty,” 1829]197
55.[The “Rocket,” 1829]198
56.[The Atmospheric Railroad]202
57.[Stephenson’s Locomotive, 1833]203
58.[The Stephenson Valve-Gear, 1833]206
59.[The “Atlantic,” 1832]210
60.[The “Best Friend,” 1830]211
61.[The “West Point,” 1831]212
62.[The “South Carolina,” 1831]213
63.[The “Stevens” Rail and Enlarged Section]215
64.[“Old Ironsides,” 1832]216
65.[The “E. L. Miller,” 1834]217
66.[Hulls’s Steamboat, 1736]226
67.[Fitch’s Model, 1785]236
68.[Fitch & Voight’s Boiler, 1787]238
69.[Fitch’s First Boat, 1787]238
70.[John Fitch, 1788]239
71.[John Fitch, 1796]240
72.[Miller, Taylor & Symmington, 1788]242
73.[Read’s Boiler in Section, 1788]245
74.[Read’s Multi-Tubular Boiler, 1788]245
75.[The “Charlotte Dundas,” 1801]247
76.[The “Comet,” 1812]248
77.[Fulton’s Experiments]253
78.[Fulton’s Table of Resistances]254
79.[Barlow’s Water-Tube Boiler, 1793]256
80.[The “Clermont,” 1807]258
81.[Engine of the “Clermont,” 1808]258
82.[Launch of the “Fulton the First,” 1804]262
83.[Section of Steam-Boiler, 1804]264
84.[Engine, Boiler, and Screw-Propellers used by Stevens, 1804]265
85.[Stevens’s Screw Steamer, 1804]265
86.[John Stevens’s Twin-Screw Steamer, 1805]269
87.[The Feathering Paddle-Wheel]272
88.[The “North America” and “Albany,” 1827-’30]274
89.[Stevens’s Return Tubular Boiler, 1832]275
90.[Stevens’s Valve-Motion]276
91.[The “Atlantic,” 1851]290
92.[The Side-Lever Engine, 1849]291
93.[Vertical Stationary Steam-Engine]308
94.[Vertical Stationary Steam-Engine. Section]309
95.[Horizontal Stationary Steam-Engine]312
96.[Horizontal Stationary Steam-Engine]313
97.[Corliss Engine]319
98.[Corliss Engine Valve-Motion]320
99.[Greene Engine]321
100.[Thurston’s Greene-Engine Valve-Gear]322
101.[Cornish Pumping-Engine, 1880]329
102.[Steam-Pump]331
103.[The Worthington Pumping-Engine, 1876. Section]333
104.[The Worthington Pumping-Engine]334
105.[Double-Cylinder Pumping-Engine, 1878]335
106.[The Lawrence Water-Works Engine]336
107.[The Leavitt Pumping-Engine]337
108.[Babcock & Wilcox’s Vertical Boiler]341
109.[Stationary “Locomotive” Boiler]342
110.[Galloway Tube]343
111.[Harrison’s Sectional Boiler]345
112.[Babcock and Wilcox’s Sectional Boiler]346
113.[Root Sectional Boiler]347
114.[Semi-Portable Engine, 1878]348
115.[Semi-Portable Engine, 1878]349
116.[The Portable Steam-Engine, 1878]354
117.[The Thrashers’ Road-Engine, 1878]355
118.[Fisher’s Steam-Carriage]356
119.[Road and Farm Locomotive]357
120.[The Latta Steam Fire-Engine]361
121.[The Amoskeag Engine. Section]363
122.[The Silsby Rotary Steam Fire-Engine]364
123.[Rotary Steam-Engine]365
124.[Rotary Pump]366
125.[Tank Engine, New York Elevated Railroad]369
126.[Forney’s Tank-Locomotive]370
127.[British Express Engine]371
128.[The Baldwin Locomotive. Section]372
129.[The American Type of Express Engine, 1878]374
130.[Beam Engine]380
131.[Oscillating Steam-Engine and Feathering Paddle-Wheel]381
132.[The Two “Rhode Islands,” 1836-1876]383
133.[A Mississippi Steamboat]384
134.[Steam-Launch, New York Steam-Power Company]386
135.[Launch-Engine]387
136.[Horizontal, Direct-acting Naval Screw Engine]389
137.[Compound Marine Engine. Side Elevation]390
138.[Compound Marine Engine. Front Elevation and Section]391
139.[Screw-Propeller]400
140.[Tug-Boat Screw]401
141.[Hirsch Screw]401
142.[Marine Fire-Tubular Boiler. Section]403
143.[Marine High-Pressure Boiler. Section]404
144.[The Modern Steamship]407
145.[Modern Iron-Clads]410
146.[The “Great Eastern”]415
147.[The “Great Eastern” at Sea]416