EXERCISES
1. Outline the chapter.
2. In what respects does the animal's solution of a problem fall short of reasoning?
3. Give a concrete instance of reasoning belonging under each of the types mentioned in the text.
4. How is it that superstitions such as that of Friday being an unlucky day persist? What would be the scientific way of testing such a belief?
5. What causes tend to arouse belief, and what to arouse doubt?
6. Introspective study of the process of thinking. Attempt to solve some of the following problems, and write down what you can observe of the process.
(a) What is it that has four fingers and a thumb, but no flesh or bone?
(b) Why does the full moon rise about sunset?
(c) If a book and a postage stamp together cost $1.02, and the book costs $1.00 more than the stamp, how much does the stamp cost?
(d) A riddle: "Sisters and brothers have I none, yet this man's father is my father's son."
(e) Prove that a ball thrown horizontally over level ground will strike the ground at the same time, no matter how hard it is thrown.
(f) If no prunes are atherogenous, but some bivalves are atherogenous, can you conclude that some prunes are not bivalves?
(g) Deduce, as impersonally as possible, the opinion of you held by some other person.