Business English: A Practice Book

by Rose Buhlig

INDEX

Numbers refer to pages

A, Italian, [9].
Abbreviation, objectionable, of the introduction of a letter, [242];
of the courteous close, [242].
Abbreviations, of states, [26]-[27];
of commercial terms, [27]-[28];
of titles in letters, [235];
objectionable in the body of the letter, [242].
Able and ible, [33].
Absolute use of the nominative case, [65].
Abstract noun, defined, [57].
Accent, indication of, [17];
words changing meaning with change of, [17].
Accept and except, [102].
Account, opening an, [250];
letters for opening an, [250] ff.
Accounting department of a railroad, work of the, [360]-[361].
Active voice of verbs, defined, [84];
conjugation of, [88] ff.
Ad, prefix, [32].
Adjective, the, defined, [49];
and the adverb, [75] ff.;
following verbs of the senses, [75];
clause, [54];
comparison of, [78].
Adjective endings, peculiar, [33] ff.
Adjective modifiers, [49].
Adjective pronouns, use of, [61].
Adjectives and adverbs, confused, [51];
incorrectly used, [81]-[82];
real and very, [81];
most and almost, [81].
Adjectives, punctuation of series of, [171] ff.
Adjectives to be distinguished, [80]-[81];
fewer and less, [80];
almost and most, [81].
Adverb modifiers, [49].
Adverb, the, defined, [49];
and the adjective, [75] ff.
Adverbial, clause, [54];
modifier, case of, [66].
Adverbs, conjunctive, [45];
and adjectives confused, [51];
and prepositions confused, [52];
ideas denoted by, [75];
modifying different parts of speech, [75];
correct position of, [77];
absolute use of, [79];
incorrectly used, [81]-[82].
Advertised articles, classes of, [311].
Advertisements, motives appealed to in, [311];
catch phrases used in, [312];
suggestive names used in, [313];
good and bad headlines for, [313];
of still-life, [314];
without a definite center, [315];
illustrating the principle of balance, [315];
exercises to write, [315] ff.;
paragraph topics dealing with, [317] ff.;
some examples of, [318] ff.
Advertising, [308] ff.;
importance of, [308];
different forms of, [309]-[310];
fundamentals of, [310]-[311];
outline for debate on, [141] ff.;
bibliography for, [320].
Affect and effect, [102]-[103].
Affirmative of debate on advertising, [141] ff.
After, as preposition and conjunction, [55].
Agent, [134], [299]-[300];
commission of, [323].
Agreement, grammatical, [71]-[72], [85] ff.
Amusement, motive appealed to in advertising, [311].
Analysis, word, [29] ff.
Ance and ence, [34].
And, in compound sentence, [45], [173] ff.;
in series, punctuation with, [171] ff.;
used in joining parallel expressions, [211] ff.;
for to, [119];
excessive use of, [127]-[128].
Anglo-Saxon prefixes and suffixes, [29] ff.
Answering complaints, letters to be used in, [257] ff.
Ant and ent, [33].
Antecedents, uncertain, [207] ff.
Apostrophe, the, used to form the possessive case, [67], [69], [159];
used to indicate the omission of letters, [160];
to show plural of letters and figures, [160].
Appeals made in advertisements, [311]-[312].
Application, letters of, [259] ff.
Appositives, case of, [65], [66];
punctuation with, [179]-[180].
Article, incorrect omission of in business letters, [242].
As, case following, [121];
a conjunction, [124];
followed by an understood verb, [124];
punctuation with, [195].
As—as, used in expressions stating equality, [125].
As follows, punctuation with, [195].
Atlas, story of the derivation of, [5].
Authorized capital stock, [355].
Baby blunder, [44].
Balance, principle of, used in advertisements, [315].
Bank draft, [341]-[343].
Banking:
inconvenience of barter, [332];
kinds of paper money, [332]-[333];
credit, [333];
discount, [335];
collateral, [335];
promissory note, [336];
forms of remittance, [338] ff.;
letters pertaining to, [345] ff.;
topics for investigation and discussion, [349]-[350];
bibliography for, [350];
dictation exercises on, [350] ff.
Banks, departments of, [333];
of deposit, [334] ff.;
savings, [334], [336] ff.;
trust companies, [334], [337] ff.
Be, conjugation, indicative, [104];
subjunctive, [112];
used to form progressive tenses, [88] ff., [105];
used to form passive voice, [105] ff.
Before, used as preposition and conjunction, [55].
Beg to state, [243].
Bibliography, on manufacture, [280];
on distribution, [304]-[305];
on advertising, [320];
on banking, [350].
Bill of lading, [285];
straight or order, 285.
Blunder, baby, [44].
Body of the letter, [232].
Bonds, [357] ff.;
redemption of, [358];
maturity of, [358];
long period, [358];
short time, [358].
Breve, [9].
Brevity in business letters, mistaken for conciseness, [199].
Business letters, [229] ff.;
essentials of, [230];
the form of, [231];
the arrangement of, [232];
cautions in writing, [235] ff.;
directions for folding, [238];
to order goods, [239];
the tone of, [240];
mistaken ideas in writing, [241] ff.;
to make sales, [244];
to accompany a catalogue, [245] ff.;
to open an account, [250];
to make collections, [253] ff.;
to answer complaints, [257] ff.;
applying for positions, [259] ff.;
form, [264];
circular and follow-up, [264] ff.
Business news, to suggest topics for talks, [155].
Business thinking, importance of, [2].
c and g, pronunciation of, [24].
Can and may, [102].
Capital stock, explained, [353];
preferred, [355];
common, [355];
par and market values of, [355] ff.
Capitals, use of, [160] ff.
Caret, the, [9].
Carriers, common, [284].
Case, defined, [64];
nominative, [64] ff.;
objective, [64], [66];
possessive, [64], [67];
exercise in, [70] ff.;
following prepositions, [66], [119].
Cause and effect, paragraphs developed by, [223].
Caution, its appeal in advertising, [311]-[312].
Cautions in writing business letters, [235] ff.
Cede, ceed, sede, [34].
Certificate, the gold, [332];
the silver, [332].
Certified check, the, [339]-[340].
Check, the, [338] ff.;
personal, [339];
certified, [339]-[340].
Choosing subjects, suggestions for, [146] ff.

Cion, sion, tion, [34].
Cious, tious, [33].
Circular letters, [264] ff.
Class paper, suggestions for a, [156].
Classes of advertisements, [311].
Clause, the, defined, [42];
principal, [42];
subordinate, [42];
incorrectly used as a sentence, [45];
introductory words for, [54];
adjective, [54];
adverb, [54];
noun, [54];
modifiers, [54];
introduced by than or as, [121];
initial, punctuation of, [176];
restrictive and non-restrictive, [59]-[60];
punctuation of relative, [185] ff.;
coming at the end of the sentence, punctuation of, [188]-[189];
incomplete, [205]-[206];
misplaced, [209] ff.
Clauses, punctuation of series of, [171] ff.
Clear title to property, explained, [322].
Clearing house, daily routine of, [350]-[351].
Clearness of the sentence, mistakes that prevent:
dangling expressions, [205] ff.;
pronouns with uncertain antecedents, [207] ff.;
misplaced modifiers, [209]-[210];
omission of necessary words, [210]-[211];
shift of construction, [211] ff.
Close, courteous, of business letters, [232], [237].
Coherence between sentences, [127]-[128]; 224 ff.;
between paragraphs, [224] ff.
Collateral, [335]-[336].
Collection letters, [253] ff.
Collective noun, defined, [57].
Colon, use of the, [194].
Colonization, [307].
Combination of short sentences to secure unity, [202] ff.
Comfort, its appeal in advertising, [311]-[312].
Comma fault, the, [44] ff.
Comma, use of the, in direct quotations, [163] ff.;
in series, [171] ff.;
in compound sentences, [45], [173] ff.;
to set off initial clauses or participial phrases, [175] ff.;
to separate the month from the year, etc., [178];
to indicate the omission of words, [178];
to set off appositives, [179] ff.;
to set off parenthetical expressions, [180] ff.;
to set off independent elements, [182] ff.;
to set off non-restrictive clauses, [185] ff.;
to set off modifiers coming at the end of the sentence, [188] ff.
Command used in good headlines of advertisements, [313].
Commercial department of a bank, [333].
Commercial terms, abbreviations of, [27]-[28].
Commission, agent's, [323].
Common carriers, [284].
Common noun, defined, [57].
Common stock, [355].
Companies, kinds of, [273].
Company, the steamship, [284];
the railroad, [284] ff.
(See Corporation, [353] ff.)
Comparative degree, of adjectives, [78];
of adverbs, [79].
Comparison and contrast, paragraphs developed by, [223].
Comparison, of adjectives, [78];
of adverbs, [79];
negative, [125].
Complaint, letters answering, [257] ff.
Complement, subjective, [65].
Complex sentence, defined, [42].
Composition, oral and written, [127] ff.
Compound nouns, plural of, [20].
Compound relatives, [59].
Compound sentence, defined, [42];
punctuation of, [45], [173] ff.
Con, prefix, [32].
Conciseness of expression, [199].
Condensation to secure clearness, [200].
Conjugation, of write, active voice, [88] ff.;
of be, [104] ff.;
of follow, passive voice, [105] ff.
Conjunction, and the preposition, [116] ff.
Conjunctions.
Coördinate, [45];
punctuation with, [45], [173] ff.;
distinguished from conjunctive adverbs, [45].
Subordinate, list of, [54];
than and as, [121].
Correlative, [122].
Conjunctive adverbs, [45];
distinguished from coördinate conjunctions, [45];
punctuation with, [45].

Connection, smooth, [127]-[128], [224] ff.;
methods of securing, [224] ff.
Conservation, [191]-[192].
Consignee, [285].
Consonant, final, doubling of, [22];
silent, words containing, [11].
Construction, letters dealing with contract for, [263];
shift of, [211].
Contract, letters dealing with, for painting iron-work, [262];
for the delivery of property, [263];
for construction, [263].
Contraction, apostrophe used with, [160].
Coördinate conjunctions, [45];
punctuation with, [45], [173] ff.
Coördinate expressions, [122] ff.
Copulative verbs, defined, [83].
Corporate organization, [359].
Corporation, the, [353] ff.;
finances of, [354];
capital stock of, [354] ff.;
dividends of, [355];
stockholders of, [355];
bonds of, [357] ff.;
organization of, [359];
directors of, [359];
railroad, [360]-[361];
public utility, [361]-[362];
industrial, [363];
topics for investigation and discussion on, [365];
dictation exercises on, [365] ff.
Correlatives, defined, [122];
correct position of with coördinate expressions, [122]-[123];
either—or and neither—nor, [123].
Cost of living, paragraph on, [173].
Cotton seed, paragraph on, [176].
Cotton in the Soudan, paragraph, [181].
Could and might, [102].
Courteous close, in business letters, [232], [237].
Courtesy in business letters, [231], [240].
Credit, [333].
Credit letters, [250] ff.
Currency, bill, [333];
legislation, [333], [349].
Current events, to suggest subjects for talks, [155].
Dangling expressions, [205] ff.
Dash, use of, [195] ff.;
too free use of in business letters, [243], [247].
Dead letter sale, [190].
Debate, outline for a, [141] ff.;
subjects for, [139] ff., [144];
on manufacture, suggestions for, [275];
on distribution, [290], [302].
Debating, [137] ff.;
proposition for, [137];
six rules for, [137] ff.;
false conclusions in, [138];
irrelevant matter in, [138].
Declarative sentence, defined, [41].
Declension of pronouns, personal, [58];
relative, [59];
interrogative, [60].
Deed, [322].
Degrees of comparison, [78]-[79].
Demonstrative pronouns, [60].
Departments, of banks, [333];
of railroads, [360].
Deposit, banks of, [334];
slip, [334].
Details, explanatory, necessary to secure interest, [147];
paragraphs developed by, [222].
Development of paragraphs, methods of, [222]-[223].
dg, words containing, [25].
Diacritical marks, [8], [10].
Diaeresis, [9].
Dialogue, paragraphing in,

[168] ff.
Dictation exercises, for series, [171];
for compound sentences, [173]-[174];
for initial clauses or participial phrases, [176];
for parenthetical expressions, [180]-[181];
for independent elements, [182]-[183];
for non-restrictive relative clauses, [186];
for the semicolon, [193]-[194];
on manufacture, [280]-[281];
on distribution, [305] ff.;
on real estate, [329] ff.;
on banking, [350] ff.;
on corporations, [365] ff.
Direct discourse, [163] ff.;
use of comma in, [170].
Directors of corporations, [359].
Discount, [335].
Discourse, direct, [163] ff.;
indirect, [166] ff.
Discussion and investigation topics, on manufacture, [278]-[279];
on distribution, [304];
on real estate, [327];
on banking, [349]-[350];
on the corporation, [365].
Dishwasher, letters to sell a, [265] ff.
Distribution.
Transportation an essential element, [283] ff.;
the steamship company, [284];
the railroad company, [284] ff.;
the retail merchant, [286] ff.;
the wholesale merchant, [291] ff.;
the mail order merchant, [295] ff.;
the salesman, [298] ff.;
suggestions for debates, [302];
subjects for paragraphs, [303] ff.;
topics for investigation and discussion, [304];
bibliography, [304] ff.;
dictation exercises, [305] ff.
Dividends, [355].
Dividing a subject into its natural divisions, [149] ff.
Dot, [9].
Double relative, [59].
Doubling final consonants, rule for, [22].
Draft, bank, [341] ff.;
time, [343]-[344];
sight, [344]-[345].
Dropping of final e, [22], [25].
Druggist, outline of advertising letters sent by, [268]-[269].
Durability, its appeal in advertising, [311]-[312].
E, final, retained, [25].
Each, every, [62], [86] (3)
Economy, its appeal in advertising, [311]-[312].
Effect and affect, [102].
Efficiency, office, [217];
stenographic, [217].
ei or ie, [24].
Either—or, [123].
Electric washing machine, outline of letters to sell, [269].
Elements, independent, case of, [65];
punctuation of, [182].
Emphatic pronouns, [59].
Emulation, its appeal in advertising, [311]-[312].
ence and ance, [34].
Endings, peculiar adjective, [33];
peculiar noun and verb, [34].
Endorsing a check, methods of, [340].
English, oral, [1], [127] ff.;
written, [1].
(See [Punctuation], [The Clear Sentence], [Business Letters].)
ent, [33].
Enthusiasm in business, [230].
eous, [33].
Essentials, of a sales letter, [230];
in manufacture, [272]-[273];
of an advertisement, [310]-[311].
Every, number of, [86].
Examples and illustrations, paragraphs developed by, [222].
Examples of advertisements, [318] ff.
Except, a preposition, [124];
incorrectly used as a conjunction, [124].
Except and accept, [102].
Exclamation mark, use of, [162].
Exclamatory sentence, defined, [41].
Explanatory details, paragraphs developed by, [222].
Explanatory expressions, punctuation of, [179] ff.
Appositives, [179];
parenthetical expressions, [180];
independent elements, [182];
explanatory relative clauses, punctuation of, [185];
subordinate elements coming at the end of the sentence, [188].
Exports in cattle, paragraph on, [76].
Express money order, [340]-[341].
Expression, conciseness of, [199];
variety of, [111].
f, and fe, plurals of nouns ending in, [19].
False conclusions in debating, [137]-[138].
Farm lands, [325] ff.;
outline of letters to sell, [267]-[268];
letters pertaining to, [325] ff.;
topics for investigation and discussion on, [327];
dictation exercises on, [329] ff.
Farm reform, [329].
Farming specials, [330].
Favor, your esteemed, and similar expressions, to avoid, [243].
Fee simple, [322].
Fewer and less, [80].
Figures, plural of, [20], [160].
Final consonant, rule for doubling, [22].
Final e, dropped, [22], [25];
retained, [25]-[26].
Finance department of a railroad, [360]-[361].
Finances of a corporation, [354].
Fly, flow, flee, [101].
Folding a letter, directions for, [238].
Follow, conjugation of in the passive voice, [105] ff.;
synopsis of, passive, [106].
Following, the, punctuation after, [195].

Follow-up letter, the, [264] ff.
For, as preposition and conjunction, [55].
Foreclosing a mortgage, [322].
Foreign plurals, [21].
Foreign news, to suggest subjects for talks, [155].
For example, punctuation with, [195].
For instance, punctuation with, [195].
Form letter, the, [264].
Form of the business letter, [231].
Formation, of participles, [21] ff.;
of possessive case, [67];
of infinitives, [110].
Freight bill, [286].
Freight, receipt for, [285].
Furniture, outline of letters to sell, [269].
Future tense, [88] ff.;
progressive, [89];
perfect, [90].
G, pronunciation of, [24].
Gas mantles, paragraph on, [280]-[281].
Gold certificates, [332].
Good and bad headlines in advertisements, [313]-[314].
Government's Laundry, the, [173]-[174].
Greek roots, [30].
Had ought, [103].
"Hammock" paragraph, [216].
Have and of, [119].
Heading of the business letter, [232], [235].
Headlines of advertisements, good and bad, [313]-[314].
Health, its appeal in advertising, [311]-[312].
Herculean, [5].
Homonyms, [14]-[15].
How to advance, paragraph on, [177].
Hoping and similar expressions, to avoid, [242]-[243].
Hyphen, use of, [196].
Ible, [33].
Ideas, mistaken, in letter writing, [241] ff.
ie or ei, [24].
Illustrations and examples, paragraphs developed by, [222].
Imperative sentence, defined, [41].
In, prefix, [33].
Income of railroads, [360].
Incorrectly used, nouns and pronouns, [73]-[74];
adjectives and adverbs, [81]-[82];
verbs, [114]-[115];
prepositions, [118]-[119].
Indefinite it or they, [207] ff.
Indefinite pronouns, [61];
used as adjectives, [61].
Independent elements, case of, [65];
punctuation of, [182].
Indicative mode, defined, [112];
of be, 112.
Indirect discourse, [166] ff.
Indirect object, [66].
Industrial corporations, [363].
Industry, [273].
Infinitive, defined, [109];
tenses and voices of, [110];
split, [77], [209].
Initial clause or participial phrase, punctuation of, [176].
Insurance, [327] ff.;
letters pertaining to, [328] ff.
Insurance and real estate, [321] ff.
Interesting words, [1] ff.
Interjection, [49];
O, [161].
Interrogation mark, use of, [162];
position of with quotation marks, [163] ff.
Interrogative pronouns, declined, [60].
Interrogative sentence, [41].
Intransitive verb, [83].
Introduction of the letter, [232], [235]-[236].
Investigation and discussion, topics for, on manufacture, [278]-[279];
on distribution, [304];
on real estate, [327];
on banking, [349]-[350];
on the corporation, [365].
Investments, mining, [365]-[366].
Investors, [184], [185].
ious, [33].
Irregular plurals of nouns, [19].
Irregular verbs, principal parts of, [95] ff.
ise, ize, yze, [34].
It used indefinitely, [207] ff.
Italic, derivation of, [3].
Italian a, [9].
Its and it's, [160] ff.
k, insertion of, [25].
Kindly, abuse of, [243].
Labor, [274].
Local news, to suggest subjects for talks, [155].
Land business, the, [325] ff.
Latin-American trade, the, [306].
Latin prefixes and suffixes, [31].
Lay and lie, [100]-[101].
Learn and teach, [101].
Lease, [321].
Least, used in the superlative degree, [78].
Legal department of a railroad, [360]-[361].
Length of good headlines in advertisements, [313].
Less and fewer, [80].
Letter beginnings, [240], [247], [248]-[249].
Letter, to investors, [47];
to accompany a style book, [172];
to sell a trip on the water, [183]-[184];
to sell a house coat, [221]-[222];
ordering goods, [239];
from A. Lincoln to Mrs. Bixby, [240]-[241];
to accompany a catalogue, [245] ff.;
to sell cheese, [246];
to sell hinged paper, [247]-[248];
to open an account, [250]-[251];
credit, [251]-[252];
requesting payment, [254] ff.;
answering a complaint, [257]-[258];
of application, [260]-[261];
follow-up, [265] ff.;
from a bank, soliciting a trust (to be punctuated), [348]-[349];
market, [366].
Letters, plurals of, [20].
Letters, business, in the manufacturing business, [276] ff.;
in the retail business, [287] ff.;
in the wholesale business, [292] ff.;
in the mail order business, [295] ff.;
to help the salesman, [301];
pertaining to banking, [345] ff.
(See [Business letters], [Letter].)
Lie and lay, [100]-[101].
Like, followed by the objective case, [124].
Loose and lose, [103].
Lose and loose, [103].
Luck and labor, paragraph on, [174].
Macron, the, [9].
Magazine advertising, [311] ff.
Mail order business, the, [295] ff..
Manufacture, [270] ff.;
essentials in, [272]-[273];
subjects for themes on, [275];
suggestions for debates on, [275];
letters in, [276] ff.;
topics for investigation and discussions on, [278] ff.;
bibliography for, [280];
dictation exercises in, [280] ff.
Market letter, [366].
Market value, [355] ff.
Marks, diacritical, [7];
question, [162];
quotation, [163] ff.
Materials, raw, [274].
Maturity of bonds, [358], [364].
May and can, [102].
Merchant, the retail, [286] ff.;
the wholesale, [291] ff.;
the mail order, [295] ff.
Methods of endorsing a check, [340].
Might and could, [102].
Mining investment, principles of, [365].
Misplaced modifiers, [209]-[210].
Mispronounced, words commonly, [13], [17].
Mistaken ideas in letter writing, [241] ff.
Mode, defined, [112];
indicative and subjunctive of be, [112];
subjunctive denoting possibility, [113].
Model letters. (See [Letter].)
Modern business done by letter, [229] ff.
Modifiers, adjective and adverb, word, [49];
phrase, [52] ff.;
clause, [54]-[55];
used to secure unity, [202];
misplaced, [209]-[210].
Money, [332];
kinds of paper, [332] ff.;
its appeal in advertising, [311]-[312].
Money order, express, [340]-[341];
postal, [341].
Monosyllables ending in silent e, [9].
Month from year, comma used to separate, [178].
More or less, used in the comparative degree, [78].
Mortgage, [322], [357] ff.;
foreclosing a, [322].
Most or least, used in the superlative degree, [78].
Motives to which advertisements appeal, [311].
Namely, punctuation with, [195].
Names, suggestive, in advertising, [313].
National bank notes, [333].
National news, to suggest subjects for talks, [155].
Necessary words, omission of, [210]-[211].
Need, its appeal in advertising, [311]-[312].
Negative comparison, [125].
Negative, outline for a debate on advertising, [143] ff.
Neither—nor, [123].
News, to suggest topics for talks, [155].
Nominative absolute, [65].
Nominative case, [64] ff.;
as subject, [64];
as subjective complement (predicate nominative), [65];
as appositive, [65];
independent, [65];
absolute, [65].
Nor, [123].
Notes, [359];
promissory, [336].
Noun, defined, [49];
clause, [54];
and the pronoun, [57] ff.;
common, [57];
proper, [57];
collective, [57];
abstract, [57];
verbal, [57];
modified by every and similar words, [86];
collective, number of, [86].
Nouns, rules for plurals of, regular, [18];
ending in y, [19];
ending in o, [19];
ending in f and fe, [19];
irregular, [19]-[20];
compound, [20];
foreign, [21];
possessive case of, [67];

incorrectly used, [73]-[74];
joined by or, [86];
punctuation of series of, [171] ff.
Number of verb, [86].
O, capitalization of, [161].
o, plural of nouns ending in, [19].
Object, of a preposition, [55], [66];
of a transitive verb, [66];
indirect, [66];
second, [66].
Objective case, [64], [66];
as direct object of a transitive verb, [66];
as object of a preposition, [66], [119];
as indirect object, [66];
as second object, [66];
as appositive, [66];
as adverbial modifier, [66];
following like, [124].
Observation, subjects taken from, [146] ff.
Obsolete words, [3].
Of and have, [119].
Of phrase substituted for the possessive case, [67].
Oh, [161].
Omission, of letters, [160];
of necessary words, [210] ff.;
of subject in business letters, [242].
Opening an account, letters for, [240] ff.
Operating department of a railroad, [360].
Oral English, exercises in, [127] ff.
Oral expression, [127] ff.;
variety of, [111].
Oral reproduction, from magazines, [147];
from newspapers, [154] ff.
Oral exercises, in general, [127] ff.;
on manufacture, [273] ff.;
in the retail trade, [286];
in the wholesale trade, [290] ff.;
in the mail order business, [295];
in connection with the salesman, [299] ff.
Order bill of lading, [285].
Ordering goods, letter for, [239].
Order, express money, [340]-[341];
postal money, [341].
Organization, corporate, [359];
of a railroad, [360].
Outline, for a debate, [141] ff.;
how to make an, [151] ff.
Paper money, kinds of, [332] ff.
Paragraph, the, [215] ff.;
in dialogue, [168] ff.;
proper length of, [215]-[216];
topic sentence in, [216] ff.;
"hammock," 216;
how developed, [222]-[223].
Paragraphs on, Sacramento City, [48];
exports in cattle, [76];
cost of living, [173];
the government's laundry, [173]-[174];
luck and labor, [174];
sawdust, [174]-[175];
a new kind of wood, [175];
hogs as mortgage lifters, [175];
cotton seed, [176];
making paper, [176]-[177];
how to advance, [177];
bubonic plague, [177];
politics of a city, [181];
cotton in the Soudan, [181];
the "yellow" invasion, [182];
saving, [182], [184], [193];
investors, [184], [185];
Chicago's milk supply, [186];
the dead letter sale, [190];
industries, controlled, [193];
the secret blotter, [197];
a mummy's doll, [198];
office efficiency, [217];
stenographic efficiency, [217];
business courtesy, [218];
the rural landscape of Norway, [218];
the Spectator, [218]-[219];
income, [225];
gas mantles, [280]-[281];
production of wool, [281];
casting metals, [281];
transportation, [305];
the Latin-American trade, [306];
the parcel post in Africa, [306];
the remedy for wrecks, [306]-[307];
colonization, [307];
farm reform, [329];
farming specials, [330];
selection of seed, [330]-[331];
the clearing house, [350]-[351];
washed money, [351]-[352];
an early monopoly, [365];
mining investments, [365]-[366].
Paragraphs, subjects for. See [Subjects].
Parenthesis marks, use of, [196];
wrongly used to cancel expressions, [196].
Parenthetical expressions, punctuation of, [180] ff.
Participle, defined, [109];
tenses and voices of, [109];
the dangling, [205]-[206].
Participles, formation of, [21];
of verbs in y, [23].
Participial phrases, punctuation of, [176] ff.;
188 ff.
Parts of speech:
The noun and the pronoun, [49], [57] ff.;
the adjective and the adverb, [49], [75], ff.;
the verb, [49], [83] ff.;
the preposition and the conjunction, [49], [116] ff.;
the interjection, [49].
Parts, principal, of irregular verbs, [95] ff.
Par value, [355].
Passive voice, defined, [84];
conjugation of follow, in the, [105] ff.;
synopsis of follow in the, [106].
Past tense, [88];
progressive form of, [89];
emphatic form of, [89];
perfect, [90].
Payment, letters requesting, [253] ff.
Perfect tenses, [89] ff.
Period, use of, [162].
Personal pronouns declined, [58].
Personality essential in a salesman, [298].
Persons of the pronouns, [58].
Phrase modifiers, [52] ff.
Phrases, prepositional, [52] ff.;
adverbial, [52]-[53];
adjective, [52]-[53];
classification of, [110];
punctuation of series of, [171] ff.;
initial participial, punctuation of, [176];
incorrectly used as a sentence, [45], [242].
Plurals, of nouns, [18] ff.;
of letters and figures, [20], [160];
of foreign nouns, [21].
Positive degree, [78], [79].
Possessive case, [64], [67];
rules for forming, [67];
separate possession, in the, [67];
with verbal nouns, [67] ff.;
of phrase substituted for, [67];
use of the apostrophe in the, [159].
Possibility, use of the subjunctive mode to show, [113] ff.
Postal money order, [341].
Predicate, of the sentence, [41];
nominative, [65].
Preferred stock, [355].
Prefix, usually constituting a syllable, [16];
Anglo-Saxon, [29];
Latin, [31];
ad, con, and in, [32]-[33].
Present tense, [88];
progressive, [88];
emphatic, [88];
perfect, [89].
Preposition, defined, [49];
phrase introduced by, [52];
followed by the objective case, [66], [119];
and the conjunction, [116] ff.;
the wrong, [119];
necessary, [119].
Prepositional phrases, [52]-[53].
Prepositions, and adverbs confused, [52];
list of, [53];
used with certain verbs, [116]-[117];
incorrectly used, [118]-[119].
Pride, its appeal in advertising, [311]-[312].
Principal clauses, [42].
Principal parts of irregular verbs, [95] ff.
Progressive tenses, [88] ff.; 105.
Promissory note, [335].
Pronominal adjectives, [60].
Pronoun, defined, [49];
and the noun, [57] ff.;
incorrect use of same as a pronoun, [72]-[73].
Pronouns, [58] ff.;
personal, declined, [58];
emphatic, [59];
reflexive, [59];
list of relative, [54];
declension of relative, [59];
compound relative, [59];
double relative, [59];
restrictive relative, [59] ff.;
interrogative declined, [60];
demonstrative, [60];
indefinite, [61];
adjective, [61];
possessive in form, not in use, [59] (note);
incorrectly used, [73] ff.;
joined by or, [86].
Pronunciation, [7] ff.;
slurring syllables in, [7];
of c and g, [24].
Proper noun, defined, [57];
capitalization of, [57], [161].
Proposition for debate, [137].
Public utility corporations, [361] ff.
Punctuation, [158] ff.;
apostrophe, [159] ff.;
capitals, [160] ff.;
period, [162];
interrogation mark, [162];
exclamation mark, [162];
quotation marks, [163] ff.;
comma, [170] ff.;
semicolon, [192] ff.;
colon, [194] ff.;
dash, [195] ff.;
parenthesis marks, [196];
hyphen, [196] ff.;
of series, [170] ff.;
of compound sentences, [45], [173] ff.;
of initial clause or participial phrase, [175] ff.;
of explanatory expressions, [179] ff.;
after as follows, etc., [195];
after namely, etc., [195].
Quality, its appeal in advertising, [311]-[312].
Questions for discussion on, manufacture, [273]-[274];
the retail merchant, [286]-[287];
the wholesale merchant, [291]-[292];
the mail order merchant, [295];
advertising, [309]-[310];
real estate, [323];
the corporation, [363]-[364].
Quitclaim deed, [322].
Quotation marks, use of, [163] ff.
Quotations, use of comma in, [170] ff.
Railroad, the, [360];
sources of income of, [360];
organization of, [360];
departments of, [360] ff.
Railroad company, the, [284], [360].
Raise and rise, [101].
Raw materials, [274].
Reading, subjects taken from, [147] ff.
Real and very, [81].
Real estate and insurance, [321].
Real estate business, [321] ff.
Rent, [321];
lease, [321];
warranty deed, [322];
quitclaim deed, [322];
clear title, [322];
fee simple, [322];
mortgage, [322];
foreclosing a mortgage, [322];
agent and commission, [323];
letters in, [324] ff.;
topics for investigation and discussion, [327].
Receipt for freight, [285].
Redemption of bonds, [358].
Reflexive pronouns, [59].
Reform, farm, [329].
Relative pronouns, list of, [54], [59];
declined, [59];
double, [59];
restrictive, [59] ff.;
compound, [59].
Relative value of different forms of advertising, [310].
Remedy for wrecks, [306]-[307].
Remittance, forms of, [338] ff.
Check, [339];
certified check, [339] ff.;
endorsement, methods of, [340];
express money order, [340];
postal money order, [341];
bank draft, [341] ff.;
time draft, [343] ff.;
sight draft, [344] ff.
Rent, [321].
Reproduction, oral, from magazines, [147] ff.;
from newspapers, [154] ff.
Requesting payment, letters, [253] ff.
Restricting the subject, [150].
Restrictive relative pronouns, [59] ff.
Retail merchant, the, [286] ff.
Richards' baby stocking fund, [337].
Rise and raise, [101].
Roots, Greek, [30].
Rules.
For spelling:
regular plurals in s and es, [18];
changing final y to i, [19];
nouns in o, [19];
nouns in f and fe, [19];
plural by change of vowel, [19];
by adding en, [19];
no change for the plural, [20];
two plurals, [20];
compound nouns, [20];
plurals of letters and figures, [20];
foreign plurals, [21];
doubling final consonant, [21]-[22];
retaining y before ing, [23];
ie or ei, [24];
soft c and g, [24];
dropping final silent e, [25];
retaining final e, [25]-[26].
For punctuation:
the apostrophe, to show the possessive case of nouns, [159];
to show omission of letters, [160];
to show plurals of letters, figures, and words not regularly nouns, [160];
capitals, [160] ff.;
the period, [162];
the interrogation mark, [162];
the exclamation mark, [162];
quotation marks, [163] ff.;
comma in direct quotations, [170];
comma in series, [171] ff.;
comma in compound sentence, [173] ff.;
comma after initial clause or participial phrase, [175] ff.;
comma to separate month from year, etc., [178];
comma to show omission of words, [178];
comma to set off appositive, [179] ff.;
comma to set off parenthetical expressions, [180] ff.;
comma to set off independent elements, [182] ff.;
comma to set off non-restrictive relative clause, [185] ff.;
comma to set off subordinate element at the end of the sentence, [188] ff.;
the semicolon, [192] ff.;
the colon, [194] ff.;
the dash, [195] ff.;
parenthesis marks, [196];
the hyphen, [196].
S 1, comma fault, [44].
S 2, use of phrase or clause as sentence, [45].
Sacramento City, paragraph on, [48].
Salary, [3].
Sales letter, the, [244] ff.
Salesman, the, [298] ff.;
letters to help the, [301]-[302].
Salutation, the, of business letters, [232], [236]-[237].
Same, not a pronoun, [72]-[73];
distinctly business blunder, [243].
Saving, paragraphs on, [182], [184], [193].
Savings banks, [334], [336]; postal, [337].
Savings department of bank, [332].
Saw and seen, [99]-[100].
Sawdust, paragraph on, [174].
Second object, [66].
Secretary's report, the, [115] (note).
Sede, cede, ceed, [34].
Selection of seed, [330]-[331].
Semicolon, uses of, [45], [174], [192] ff.
Sentence, the, and its elements, [41] ff.;
subject of, [41];
simple, [42];
complex, [42];
compound, [42];
compound, punctuation of, [45], [174];
predicate of, [41];
declarative, defined, [41];
interrogative, defined, [41];
imperative, defined, [41];
exclamatory, defined, [41];

simple, defined, [42];
compound, defined, [42];
complex, defined, [42];
errors, [44].
Separation, the keynote of punctuation, [159].
Series, punctuation of, [171] ff.
Set, and sit, [101].
Shall and will, [89], [92].
Shareholders, [355].
Shares, of capital stock, [355].
Shift in construction, [211] ff.
Short sentences, combination of, [202] ff.
Should and would, [93]-[94].
Sight draft, [344]-[345].
Signature, the, in business letters, [232], [237]-[238].
Silent consonant, words containing, [11].
Silent vowels, [11].
Silver certificates, [332].
Simple sentence, defined, [42].
Since, as preposition and conjunction, [55].
sion, tion, cion, [34].
Sit and set, [101].
Slang, [129].
Slurring of syllables, [7].
Smooth connection, [127]-[128], [224];
methods of securing, [224].
Snappy style, in letter writing, [246].
So—as, in negative comparisons, [125].
So habit, to avoid the, [111], [128].
Soudan, cotton in the, [181].
South Africa, parcel post in, [306].
Specials, railroad farming, [330].
Spectator, The, paragraph from Macaulay, [218]-[219].
Speech, parts of, [48] ff.
Speech, plan in making, [131] ff.;
outline for, [151] ff.
Spelling, rules, [18] ff.;
500 words for, [36] ff.
Split infinitive, [77], [209].
States, abbreviation of names of, [26]-[27].
Steamship company, the, [284].
Steel, trouble in introducing, [191].
Stenographic efficiency, [217].
Still-life advertisements, [314].
Stock, capital, common and preferred, [353], [355];
authorized capital, [355].
Stockholders, [355].
Stocks, of a corporation, [354] ff.

Straight bill of lading, [285].
Style, in letter writing, [244] ff.
Subject, as a whole, [148];
divisions of, [149] ff.;
making outline of, [151] ff.;
restricting the, [150], [153];
of the sentence, [41], [65];
simple, [55];
complete, [55];
of subordinate clause, [55];
compound, number of, [86];
incorrect omission of, in business letters, [242].
Subjective complement, [65].
Subjects, how to choose, [146] ff.;
for debates, [141], [144], [275], [290], [302];
for compositions on manufacture, [274], [275], [278]-[279];
on distribution, [299], [301], [303], [304];
on advertising, [317], [318];
suggested by personal experience, [147];
suggested by reading, [147], [154].
Subjunctive mode, defined, [112];
of be, [112];
used to denote possibility, [113].
Subordinate clauses, adjective, adverb, noun, [54];
subject of, [55].
Subordinate conjunctions, list of, [54].
Subordination, in the sentence, [201] ff.
Subscription, outline of letters to sell, [268].
Success, elements of, [135].
Successful men and women, [136].
Suffix, usually constituting a syllable, [16];
Anglo-Saxon, [29];
adjective, [30];
verb, [31];
noun, [31];
able and ible, [33];
ant and ent, [33].
Suggestions for debates, [139] ff., [144];
on manufacture, [275];
on distribution, [290], [302].
Suggestive names in advertisements, [313];
headlines, [313]-[314].
Superlative degree, of adjectives, [78];
of adverbs, [79].
Superlatives, to be avoided, [129].
Syllabication, [15].
Syllables, slurred, [7];
division of words into, [15] ff.
Synopsis of write, active voice, [91].
Teach and learn, [101].
Technical words, [4].
Tense, defined, [88];
of participle, [109];
of infinitive, [110].
Tenses, distinguished, [88] ff.
(See [Present tense], [Past tense], [Perfect tenses].)
Than and as, case following, [121].
That, restrictive relative, [59] ff.
That is, punctuation with, [195].
The following, punctuation with, [195].
Themes, oral, [127] ff.
(See [Oral themes].)
There, their, [126].
Thinking, business, [2].
Thus, punctuation with, [195].
Tilde, [9].
Time draft, [343]-[344].
Tion, sion, cion, [34].
Tious, troublesome ending, [33].
Title, clear, to property, [322].
Titles, [150];
of officials and of honor, [161];
of books and plays, [162].
To, too, two, distinguished, [125]-[126].
Tone, of the letter, [240].
Topic sentence, in the paragraph, [216] ff.
Topics for investigation and discussion, on manufacture, [278]-[279];
on distribution, [304];
on real estate, [327];
on banking, [349]-[350];
on the corporation, [365].
Trade, Latin-American, [306].
Traffic department of railroad, [359].
Transitive verb, followed by objective case, [66];
defined, [83].
Transportation, [283].
Troublesome verbs, [100] ff.;
lie and lay, [100] ff.;
sit, set, [101];
fly, flow, flee, [101];
rise, raise, [101];
teach, learn, [101];
may, can, [102];
might, could, [102];
accept, except, [102];
affect, effect, [102] ff.;
lose, loose, [103].
Trust companies, [334], [337].
Trust department of a bank, [332].
Uncertain antecedents, pronouns with, [207] ff.
United States treasury notes, [333].
Unity, in the sentence, [199];
in the paragraph, [216].
Unless, a conjunction, [124].
Until, as preposition and conjunction, [55].
Usefulness, its appeal in advertising, [311].

Utility corporations, public, [36] ff.
Value, par of stock, [355] ff.;
market, [355] ff.
Vanity, its appeal in advertising, [311].
Variety of expression, [111].
Verb, the, [83] ff.;
defined, [49];
transitive, [66], [83];
intransitive, [83];
copulative, [83];
active voice of, [84];
passive voice of, [84];
number of, [85];
person of, [85];
singular with certain words, [85] ff.;
plural with certain subjects, [86];
tense of, [88] ff.;
shall and will, [92];
should and would, [93];
conjugation of be, [104] ff.;
be used to make progressive tenses, [105];
be used to make passive voice, [105] ff.;
the participle, [109];
the infinitive, [110];
mode, [112] ff.;
conjugation of write, active voice, [88] ff.;
follow, passive voice, [105] ff.;
synopsis of write, active voice, [91];
synopsis of follow, passive voice, [106].
Verbal noun, defined, [57];
possessive case with, [67] ff.
Verbs, incorrectly used, [114];
participles of verbs in y, [23];
taking two objects, [66];
taking indirect and direct objects, [66];
principal parts of irregular, [95] ff.;
troublesome, [100] ff.;
lie, lay, distinguished, [100];
sit and set, distinguished, [101];
fly, flow, flee, distinguished, [101];
rise and raise, distinguished, [101];
teach and learn, distinguished, [101];
may and can, distinguished, [102];
might and could, distinguished, [102];
accept and except, distinguished, [102];
affect and effect, distinguished, [102];
lose and loose, distinguished, [103];
had ought, incorrectly used, [103];
certain prepositions used with, [116] ff.
Very and real, distinguished, [81]
Voice, active and passive, defined, [84];
of the participle, [109];
of the infinitive, [110].
Vowels, pronunciation of, [9];
length of, in monosyllables ending in e, [9];
words containing silent, [11].
Warranty deed, [322].
Washed money, [351]-[352].
Washing machine, letters to sell, outline, [269].
Watered stock, [357].
Way-bill, railroad, [286].
Were, where, distinguished, [126].
What, double relative, [59].
Who, and which, used restrictively, [60].
Who and whom, [70] ff.
Whoever and whomever, [71].
Wholesale merchant, the, [291] ff.
Why, childish use of, [128].
Will and shall, [89], [92] ff.
Will you be so good as to, [243].
Wish, subjunctive to express, [113].
Without, a preposition, [124];
incorrectly used as conjunction, [124].
Word analysis, [29] ff.
Words, interesting, [1] ff.;
obsolete, [3];
technical, [4];
similarly pronounced 14, [15];
frequently mispronounced, [13], [17];
containing dg, [25];
ending in silent e, retain or drop e, [25];
analysis of, [32];
easily confused, list of, [35] ff.;
500 for spelling, [36] ff.;
used as different parts of speech, [51];
omission of, punctuation to show, [178].
Wordiness, [130] ff, [200]-[201].
Would and should, [93] ff.
Would say, to be avoided, [243].
Write, conjugation of, active voice, [88] ff.;
synopsis of, passive voice, [91].
Writing advertisements, exercises in, [315]-[316].
Written composition, [1], [127] ff.
Written expression, [1], [127] ff.
Y, nouns ending in, plural of, [19].
"Yellow" invasion, paragraph on the, [182].
You attitude, the, in letter writing, [244].
Yze, ize, ise, [34].

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