Of Particles and Syllables.
A Particle is a simple articulate sound and sign of one or two characters or letters; but a syllable sometimes by the cutting off of vowels, becomes a combination of more letters, which is yet commonly pronounced as a simple articulate sound; there being a natural relation and agreement betwixt the signs and sounds of letters, and ideas and things. Particles and syllables were originally framed according to their hieroglyfic shape, the natural sounds of ideas and things, and the sense and value of letters, as has been already explained; and therein the quantity of the action of sound was measured and proportioned to the motion, action, or energy of the thing to be expressed, as the high, loud, acute, or short accent, for an active or energic particle, and the low, grave, and long, for a passive, substantive, or a negative one.
And altho’ some letters, as a, e, y, p, t, and some particles in words are so fixed by the addition of y, ty, ive, and other terminations, as of themselves to be always substantive and long, as to quantity and accent; yet those passive and long letters and particles, by the addition of an active vowel, consonant, or particle, will become active and short. Hence the best way of spelling or pronouncing must be to divide the particles of compound names according to the original manner of their combination, sense, and sounds, and when a vowel is cut off, its consonant, with the remaining vowel, or with the most valuable, if there should be any doubt, as in the following examples, ex-ec-ra-ble, co-re-spond-ing, pro-ble-m-at-ic-al-ly, un-ec-spect-ed-ly, prin-ce, o-af, o-ther, o-ver, ub-iqu-i-ty. Those sorts of names and their compounds according to their significations and nature in language, are distinguishable into the following sorts, viz. Articles to substantive and identify names; nouns substantive, or the names of substances; pronouns, which collectively express nouns and antecedent parts of sentences; adjectives, which are added to the names of substances, to express their qualities and accidents; actives, or the names of actions, verbs, energies, and affirmatives of being, acting, and feeling; adverbs or additional words, to express quantities, qualities, distances, modes, and energies of actions and things, with their degrees; prepositions to denote and connect situations, and conjunctions or connectives of names, proportions, and sentences.
As the right apprehension of the hieroglyfic primitive language very much depends on a clear illustration of particles, which as sorts of compound letters, together with the primitive hieroglyfic letters, comprehend all the materials of the first universal language, the following addition is here made to what has been already published on the etymology of particles; the radicals being placed in each class before their inflections and transponents. Ab, eb, af, ef; ba, be, fa, fe. These express the generas and species, as well as causes and effects of animal life, beings, and growth of the earth and water, both male and female, as in ab-ba, eb-riety, af-ect, ef-ect, ba-by, be-an, fa-ther, fe-male, fa-ar-am-er, ba-ar-en-ess.
Ib, if, bi, fi. These are expressive of the qualities flowing from above, like the sun’s rays upon man and inferior beings, and their return of life, as in l-ib-eral, l-îf, bi-le, fi-eld.
Ub, uf, bu, fu. These are the springs or returns of the above qualities in man and other beings, as in ub-erty, h-uf, bu-d, fu-el, ub or springing upwards.
Ob, of, bo, fo. These signify out of, or from the circle of life or sight, or dead, as in ob-lation, ob-livion, of-fering, of, bo-dy, bo-ne, fo-reign.
Ac, ec, ag, eg, ach, ech, ang, eng, ca, ce, ga, ge, cha, che, nga, nge. The first sort of particles denote the several motions and actions of earth and water or matter, both animate and inanimate, and their transponents express their contraries, such as, rest, confinement, shuts or inclosures, as in, ac-t, ec-stacy, ec-ho, ag-ain, eg-g, ach-ieve, ach-os or cause, spe-ech, bre-ech, ech-uin or a loan, ang-er, eng-age, ca-ab-age, ca-ge, ce-iling, ce-ll, ke-ep, ga-te, ge-ld, cha-os, che-st, che-fn or her back, gnad or gned, or finished, kna-ve, kne-ad.
Ic, ig, ich, ing, ci, gi, chi, ngi. These are the principles, qualities, and beginning of motion, the first or chief action, or creation of heat, man, and things, and their returns, as in h-ic, or the man action, ig-menos or proceeded, ig-neous, h-igh, wh-ich, ich-od, ing or acting, as a man in the line of possession, th-ing, k-ing or ci-ing, the chief in the line of possession, the rest are the inflections of ci or chief inflected thus, ci, a chief, gi, his chief, chi, her chief, ngi, my chief.
Uc, ug, uch, ung, cu, qu, chu, ngu. These are the springs or returns of those acts from man and other beings upwards, and the species of generations, productions, and energies therefrom, as in uc, uc’s-or, cl-uck, h-ung, ug-ly, ug-ies, uch-el, cu-san or kiss, cu-r or care, cu-b, Cu-pid, gu-ide, gu-ilt, gu-st, gu-t, chuck, chu-rl, chu-ith or breath, know-ledge, gnu-eid or making.
Oc, og, och, ong, co, go, cho, ngo. These are the most occult actions as proceeding from the hind part of the human circle, or from the sight part of the circle, occurrences, and coalescence of actions and motions circular, and their species and productions, as in oc-ult, oc-currence, og-le, och-i-my or filth to me, och or oh fie, th-ong, co-alescence, co-herence, go-re, cho-ler, ngo or my memory.
Ad, add, ed, edd, da, dda, de, dde. These are expressive of diminution, privation and division of earth, water, matter, growth, parts, and other things; and as such an addition to the goods and possessions of man, as in add, ad-eg or de-crease, had or seed, ed-ible, da or goods, dda his goods, de-arth, de-ath, de, dde, the or a thing. Id, idd, di, ddi, signify the division, qualities, and action of man, or the human intellect, spirits, and privatives, as in, id-ea, idd-o, or the human properties, di-vision, di-minish, yn ddi-rgel or secretly.
Ud, udd, du, ddu. These are the spring or return of human intelligence, as divided or exercised, and their species and negatives, as in, h-ud or fascination, cy-h-udd-o, to confess one’s crimes, du-bious, du-ll or judgment, du-tifull, i-ddu-n, to a man.
Od, odd, do, ddo. These signify the division of the circle of motion, or a circle of actions called time, present and past, as in, oed or age, od or life, odd or the past action or age, do or it has been done, or it is past, ddoe or yesterday.
Ah, eh, ih, oh, uh, ha, he, hi, ho, hu. These express the different impulse or energies of the human passions and affections, and are explained amongst the adverbs; of which species of names they seem to be.
Ai, ei, ii, oi, ui, and their transponents, signify motions local as of moving, walking, or driving, actions and affections of generation and growth, man out of possession, man’s visage, and affirmations of yea, and the sun’s motion darting its rays by io; but an h is commonly added to the radical as an additional energy.
Al, el, la, le. The extension of earth and water, or place in general, and qualities and animal sounds as extended, as al high in alps and altus, el low or in hell, el-egy, la-nd or surface, le or p-la-ce, terresti-al, aquati-le, c-all, kn-ell, la-ment, le-gible.
Il, li, signify an ilation and extension of the sun’s rays, so as to cause light, with its returns, effects, or lights below; and all intentional qualities, and emblematically intelligence as proceeding from the divine censory, as in îl-ation, îl-um-ine, ho-îl the sun or the glorious light, h-îl, its flowing rays and the human race, li-ght, li-u or colou-r, li-ke, or the action of light, îl-ustrate. Ul, lu, signify the return or spring of the human light as extended by male and female in their rays and race, and in a more compounded manner than li, as in v-ul-tus or visage, r-ule or the light, lu a family.
Ol, lo, signify all or place, or space extended, and the circle of motion, as in oll or all, b-oll or ball, lo-cus place lo-st.
Am, em, ma, me. These express the existence, forms, and modes of man, earth, and water, as material beings, as in, am, the about or existences, am-bit, am-ple, mam, mater or mother, ma-es a field, ma-ith and ma-int, quantity, size, and extensiveness.
Im, mi, are expressive of man’s present existence or state in this world, with respect to his superior and more excellent qualities, than his animal state, as in im-agination, im-mense, im-mortal, im-pulse, im-pio to shoot upwards, im-adel to depart, mi, me, mi-di-le, me in the divided place, that is, the line betwixt his superior and inferior beings, myn or mi-in, by my life.
Um, mu, signify man’s spring of enlarging himself in his present state, and at last, through death, of returning to an immortal one, as in um-pire, h-um-an, h-um-ble, n-um-erous, mu-te, d-um-b, mu-af, the greatest, mu-ch, mu-l-tiply, mum, mu-my, mu-se.
Om, mo, signify all forms, modes, and species, as in om-in-is all in the lower parts, ombredd or abundance, omnific, mo-on, mo-ns or mo-untain, mo-r the sea, mo-ral, mo-re.
An, en, na, ne. These signify the existence of earth and water or matter, and the negative, as in an-y, the earth in, an-au, natural growth, en the firmament, en-d, en-crease, na no matter, ne-b, nobody, or being, ne-st.
In, ni, are affirmative of existence and non existences, generally as, in, include, in-carnation, ni or not, ni-d-ulation, ni-ght, ni-m.
Un, nu, as in and ni are affirmations, relative to man, spirits, beings and things unseen, as, un, one or the uni-verse, un-ite, un-i-versal, un-i-form, nu-gacity, nu-de, nun or nu-un.
Ap, ep, af, ef, pa, pe, pha, phe. These are the divisors of T, signifying the extension of this system, into parts of earth and water, or material substances and things, as, ap, from, ap-erture, pa what part, pe-th or pa-rt, ep, ef, or eph, privatives and used as terminations as parts of water, as are op and oph; it being absurd to suppose O all to be a part, or ip, up, or ub, which imply no extension and are springs upwards, to be divisible. See the Postscript.
Ar, er, ra, re, signify earth and water or matter, as in ar-able, ac-ar, bran-ar, fallow-land, e-ar-th, or the elements of both earth and water, ab-er, running water or harbour, go-er, a rivulet or shore, ra-bet, ra-ble, er-uption, re-turn, re-flow, re-nt.
Ir, ri, are the sun beams or rays, heat and fire; also heighth, length, distance, and direct motion, as in ir-a or ir-e, f-ir-e, h-ir or length, ri heighth, ri-ght, ri-fe, pelyd-ir the rays of the sun.
Ur, ru, signify man inclusive of all his energies, springs, and superior qualities, as ur-tue or virtue, t-ru-th, ur-th, worth or value, ur-d or word, ur-dd, hon-ur, or honour, ur-ship or worship, ru-in-wedd, divine property, ru-ler, rue.
Or, ro, are the circle of extension, place and distance from the line of possession, as in b-or-der, or, a circle, f-or the things within the borders of possession, or-der, or from, or-b, ro-me, from me, round.
As, es, is, os, us, sa, se, si, so, su. These are expressive of earth and water, men and things seen and sounded, the earth’s surface, the place of rest or lowest place; sound and sight in general, as is and si; os and so a greater extension thereof; us and iu, the human, sweet, or persuasive sound or person.
At, et, ath, eth, ta, te, tha, the. These express entities, properties, extensions, possessions, and limits of earth and water, and other things under the sky, as in at, ath-wart, et-ernal, eth-icks, ta-me, ta-n or fire, ta-acs or tax, te-rm, te-mpest, te-mple, te-mion, tha-n, tha-t, the, the-m, the-re, the-nce, the-ory.
It, ith, ti or ty, thy. These are expressive of entities, properties, extensions, and existences in general under the firmament, as it, ith or thine, time, thi-ef, thy, thing, thi-s, ti-ll, it-in-e-rant.
Ut, uth, tu, thu, are the return, spring or extension of man and things in growth, generation, and volition by labor, industry, and wisdom, as in ut as, ut-most, ut-erus, ut-ility, ut-terly, mo-uth, tu or thou, aber-thu, to sacrifice, tu a house or possessions, tu-tor, tu-g. Ot, oth, to, tho, are the circle and extent of possessions, properties, motions, and things, as in hot, oth, from thy possession, to, top, to-il, to-parch, tho, tho-rough, tho-ught.
Ou is woe or a man out of the circle of life; and UU or w is the spring of springs.
Of those sorts of names are formed the more complex, such as those names, phrases, or propositions called words merely by a combination of the proper sorts, either with or without an elision of consonants. In the latter case, the less expressive, valuable, or necessary may be cut off when two vowels occur in composition, as its consonant will in some measure preserve its sound in company with a more worthy vowel; and all active radical vowels ought to be dropped in the names of substances and things, as appears by the following examples, viz. blackish or b-li-ack-ish, a thing without light; blessedness or bi-il-ess-ed-in-ess, life flowing down upon the world; brutish, or ab-ru-ti-ish, he is from the property of truth; clamorous or ac-al-am-or-us, a great calling action about us; cliverly, or ci-liv-erly, like the water clan; creating or ac-ci-ir-at-ing, the chief or first motion to extension and action; crocodile or ac-ir-oc-o-di-il, an angry acting, deceitful water animal; dread or id-ir-ad, at the fire; flow or af-il-ow, a spring of the rays of the sun; frost or af-oer-st, the lower parts at a stand from the cold; and cold is from ac-ol-id to be without sun; glorifying or ag-lo-ri-fying, the doing of an high action in an extensive place; gnaw or ag-in-w, the acting in of an animal; grass or ag-ar-as, the action upon the ground; place or p-la-ce, a part of the earth’s extension; property or pe-or-pe-er-ty, entity or possession of the parts of land and water or of this globe; scull or si-cau-al, the sight shut; sky or is-kay, the covering of below; slack or is-al-ack, a low or slow action; small or is-am-il, the rays of the sun about below; snail or si-in-na-il, it is in without light; speak or si-pe-ak, the action of the sound part; spy or si-pe-y, the seeing thing; star or sta-ir, the standing fires; trace or tir-race, the land race; and race or ir-ace, is a long action.