History of the missions of the American Board Of Commissioners For Foreign Missions to the oriental churches, Volume II.

by Rufus Anderson

CHAPTER XLVI.

THE MOHAMMEDANS.

The necessity for republishing the Gospel among the Oriental Churches, in order to approach the Mohammedans successfully, was stated in the Introduction to this History.[1] It seems proper now to give some illustrations of the effect this republication is likely to have upon that people.

[1] See Volume i. pp. 1-6.

A large portion of the Mohammedan population of Turkey is undoubtedly of Christian origin, and therefore less firmly wedded to the Moslem faith and ritual, than are the Osmanly Turks. Three fourths of the four millions in European Turkey, are believed to be of this class. The Kuzzelbashes in Eastern Turkey have a tradition that their Christian ancestors were compelled to become Mohammedans, and they are now regarded by the Turks as little better than infidels; nor are the Koords in much higher repute. Of the Druzes enough was said in the first volume.[1]

[1] See Chapter xv.

Though the penalty of death for embracing the Christian religion has been abrogated in Turkey,[1] yet the convert from Mohammedanism does not feel himself free from danger of secret assassination. Far greater security of life and property is enjoyed by Protestant Armenians and Bulgarians, than by Protestant Turks. Indeed, it is not long since Protestant Turks had no security whatever; and in Persia, they have none now. When Koord, Kuzzelbash, and Turk shall feel as free to inquire, and to act on conviction, as the members of the nominally Christian sects, there are facts encouraging the belief, that large numbers of Moslems may be expected to embrace the Christian faith.

[1] See Chapters ix. and xxv.

There is no more satisfactory way of illustrating this than by a simple statement of some of the more important facts. Indeed, it is requisite to the completeness of this history, that these be now stated, since they were designedly omitted in the preceding pages, in their various connections, in order to be recorded here.

I begin with the year 1854, when the Imperial Firman of 1850 became known in the provinces.[1] Mr. Dunmore, on his way from Arabkir to Diarbekir, with Priest Kevork, spent the first night at a Moslem village. They had travelled in the rain, and were scarcely dry, says Mr. Dunmore, "when a company of Turks asked us to read to them from the New Testament, and tell them something of our belief. Kevork read to them from the Gospels, explaining, as he passed along, the precious teachings of our Lord, and closed with prayer. All listened attentively, and pronounced it, 'Good,' 'True,' 'Just.'"

[1] See Chapters xxiv. and xxv.

At another place, Mr. Dunmore found Turks desirous to hear the Gospel. "More than once," he says, "in passing through the streets, rich Moslem merchants called us into their shops, expressed their sympathy with us, and an earnest desire that we would remain. They called the Armenians to discuss questions with us, but the latter did so only when constrained by fear, or shame. We were frequently followed by a number of respectable Moslems, as we went from shop to shop to converse with the Armenians; and one day so many gathered about us that we could scarcely proceed on our way; all exclaiming, 'Right,' 'True,' 'Good,' to all that we said."

The Hutti Humaïoun was promulgated in 1855. In that year the Turkish
Scriptures were sold openly on the bridge between Galata and
Constantinople, no man forbidding.

In September, 1857, Dr. Hamlin described the official examination, at his house, of a family converted from Mohammedanism. It was made at the instigation of the mother of the wife, who was almost frantic at the baptism of her daughter and grandchild. "Our dear friends," wrote Dr. Hamlin, "stood firm as a rock, and at length the officers arose and said to me, as nearly as I can state; 'We are fully convinced that no compulsion has been used in this case, and, so far as we can see, the accusations of the mother are false. It is the will of his Majesty, our Sovereign, and it has become the law of the empire, that every subject, without exception, should enjoy entire religious freedom. The Mussulman is now as free to become a Christian, as a Christian is free to become a Mussulman. The government will know no difference in the two cases. It will only undertake, whenever an accusation of restraint or compulsion is brought, to ascertain the true state of the case; and then only in order to secure the most unexceptionable freedom of choice.'"

In May of the following year, Dr. Hamlin wrote, that Selim Effendi, a converted Mussulman employed as an evangelist among his countrymen, had many inquirers. "I think he conversed with eleven last week; among whom a woman expressed a very decided desire to embrace Christianity, but she was afraid of her son. Her son had sometimes expressed the same wish, but he was afraid of his mother! Selim introduced them to each other."

"Let the following statements be appreciated," said Dr. Schauffler, in September, 1858, "and the difference between the present and the former state of things will be better understood. (1.) The Imans and Ulemas are obliged to resort to moral suasion and entreaty. No threats of persecution are employed; the government takes no responsibility in these matters; the police has nothing to do with them. (2.) Although there are fewer purchasers of the New Testament, yet men buy it publicly, fearing no civil penalty. 'Why do you buy this infidel book?' says a bigot to a Mohammedan purchaser of the Gospel. He replies: 'I chose to buy it, and with my own money; you are welcome to mind your own business;' and so the matter ends. (3.) We hear of no search being made for the books in circulation among Mussulmans, No New Testaments have been burned yet, that we know of, by the Turks, as many copies have been by the Greek or Catholic priests and bishops."

Mr. Dunmore wrote, in the same year, after visiting thirty villages, mostly Kuzzelbash and Turkish: "I really felt ashamed, that in touring I had ever passed by a Turkish village, without stopping to point them to the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sins of the world? And I testify what I have seen, when I say, that the Turks are approachable; and many of them ready to listen to the Gospel; while others are anxious to search the Scriptures, and are restrained only by the pressure of fears, which, as yet, the Hatti-humaioun has scarcely begun to remove in this region."

I quote again from the same missionary: "At a Koordish village of twenty houses we spent two hours in preaching the Word to a company of thirty. One of them, who seemed to have received a few rays of light from enlightened men, boldly declared, that he believed the time was near, when the sword would no more be used to keep men in Moslem bonds, but that they all would soon be free to embrace the Gospel, if they wished. We spent a night at a Kuzzelbash village of forty houses. Immediately on our arrival, we had an audience of thirty or forty; and during the long evening, fifty or more listened to the great truths of the Gospel. We preached 'Christ crucified; the way, the truth, and the life;' and they received the word with eagerness. When the evening was far spent, we bowed together before the mercy-seat, after which our audience reluctantly retired. These are but samples of our visits among Kuzzelbashes and Turks on this tour."

Dr. Hamlin, speaking of Turks near the close of 1858, says: "There have been, here and there, some burnings of the New Testament; not publicly, but in private, or in small social circles. Among Mussulmans themselves a spirited debate has repeatedly arisen as to the moral character of the act. Some have approved, others have most decidedly condemned it, affirming that the New Testament is the Word of God. What impressed us most strongly is the bold manner in which orthodox Turks have declared it to be the Word of God, and that to burn it is a sin."[1]

[1] See Missionary Herald for 1858, p. 380.

Dr. Dwight wrote in May, 1859: "The work among the Turks is looming up; and if not hindered by some untoward event, or by our neglect, it will by and by assume very large proportions. That Turkish officials through the country have been instructed not to persecute Mohammedans who embrace Christianity, is very evident. The governors of Sivas, Cesarea, and Diarbekir have, to our knowledge, within a short time, and with actual cases before them, publicly declared, that a Mohammedan who became a Christian could not be molested."

Mr. White visited a place on the north of the Taurus Mountains in May, 1860, and had many calls from Mussulmans. "Every day they came," he says, "with an apparently sincere desire to learn the truth; and held long conversations on man's sinfulness, and how it was possible for God to forgive sin. 'We have lost God;' 'We have lost the road;' 'We cannot find God;' were expressions they used very often. At almost every meeting, from three to five Mussulmans were present. One is known all over the city as a Protestant; and a second is a member of the Governor's Council."

Mr. Herrick, speaking of the Turkish department in the Bebek Seminary, wrote thus, in the same year: "Quite a number of Mohammedans have renounced Islam, and become true Christians; many more are soberly inquiring after the truth; and many others are turning, unsatisfied, from a religion which cannot save, or wavering in a merely nominal devotion to Islamism. That which is most striking is the clear evidence, often, of the work of God's Spirit in individual cases, and in general movements."

Dr. Schneider gives this testimony concerning the Mussulmans at an out-station of Aintab: "There is a willingness among the Moslems here to listen to arguments in favor of Christianity, that is uncommon. By intercourse with Protestants, and the reading of the Scriptures, many of them have obtained glimpses of the truth, and a few are more or less convinced that Christianity is true. While I was there, fifteen Mussulmans and several women attended a service. Apparently there is no place in this region where there is so much prospect of a speedy work to be done among the Mussulmans."

The inducement to labor among the Moslems, was much increased in the year 1860. At one large town in the heart of Asia Minor, a Moslem said to a Protestant, "Since you came here, you have caused us to fall into doubt and fear." At another, a Turk and his wife appeared to be true Christians. Though the man was zealous in making known the Gospel, the Moslems agreed to ignore his being a Protestant. At Diarbekir, a Turk declared himself a Christian, and a captain of the army at Harpoot did the same. Many Turks in the latter region purchased the New Testament, and some the whole Bible. The military Pasha of this district bought a Bible publicly, and so did the civil Pasha; thus showing the effect of the thorough evangelization of that community. At Constantinople, Dr. Dwight reported his having read the Scriptures and bowed in prayer with a high officer of the army in the palace of a Pasha, in the Mussulman quarter of the city, and in the presence of servants; the officer appearing to be strongly under the influence of evangelical ideas and feelings. Six Moslem converts were baptized that year at the capital. One of these was an Iman, seventy years of age. There had then been fifteen baptisms of adult converts from Mohammedanism in Constantinople.[1] The Grand Vizier subsequently required the Serasker to call Abdi Effendi, the baptized Iman above mentioned, and examine him. This was done, and the old man made the following confession and statement: "We are no ghiaours (i. e. we worship neither pictures, nor crosses, nor saints); we assemble and read out of this book (drawing out of his bosom the New Testament); we sing out of this one (producing a Turkish Hymn Book); and we listen to preaching from the Gospel, and engage in prayer for all men. If there is anything wrong in this book, please point it out to me." He supposed (on inquiry) that there might be some forty men who were like him, and mentioned some of their names.

[1] In part, by English missionaries.

It would be easy to multiply illustrations like the foregoing of the susceptibility of Mohammedans to Christian influence; and the reader will notice that they are of the same general nature with the early manifestations of interest among the Armenians. There have been, also, Turkish converts, who braved death in their Christian profession, and remained steadfast unto the end.

No churches have been formed by our missionaries exclusively of Turkish Christians; and it can hardly be said, that the Board has yet had an organized mission to this people. Of the four missionaries sent especially to the Turks, Dr. Schauffler has devoted himself chiefly to translating the Scriptures into the Osmanli-Turkish; Mr. Herrick, besides doing service by his commentaries and other literary labors in that language, has been mainly employed in the Turkish department of the Theological Seminary, first at Bebek, and then at Marsovan; the younger Mr. Schauffler was born on the ground, as we may say, and began his labors amid the strifes of the Armenians in Constantinople with the missionaries, which was a great hindrance to his work, and the health of his family not allowing him to remain in Turkey, he is now a pioneer in the new mission to Austria; and Mr. Hutchison had scarcely entered the Turkish department of the Bebek Seminary, when the failure of his wife's health required a return to the United States. The mission of the Rev. James L. Merrick to the Persian Mohammedans, in 1834, was little more than a tentative exploration of the field, and was not continued.[1]

[1] It should be stated that the English Church Missionary Society has had a missionary to the Mohammedans in Constantinople since 1862, and reports five converts who are communicants. For the reactionary movement among the Turks at Constantinople, in consequence of the distribution of Dr. Pfander's Defense of Christianity against Mohammedanism, see page 234 of this volume.

With a field so inviting as the Armenian along side of the Mohammedan, it was not easy to obtain missionaries to the Moslems. Then again, missionaries to the Armenians soon became engrossed by their labors. "The Mohammedans," wrote Dr. Schauffler in 1859, "never will be cared for by missionaries to the Armenians or the Bulgarians. We can all render each other important services, but no missionary can take charge of two nationalities. Each one, soon after coming, finds his hands so full of business for which he feels responsible, that he cannot do much besides. Moreover, every man gets his sympathies enlisted for the people of his charge. This is probably necessary to enable us to labor with energy, and suffer with patience; but this needful concentration of feeling precludes the idea of universality in missionary labor."

Experience has also developed the great law here, as well as elsewhere, that the main work of winning races to Christianity must be performed by men of the same race. A Moslem will listen more patiently to a Christian Turk ("renegade" though he be), than he will to an Armenian; nor has it been found easy to enlist the Protestant Armenians effectively in labors for the Turks. It may be otherwise when the work is more advanced, and the Armenians are elevated to a higher social level. But a ministry raised from among themselves, is indispensable to the most efficient evangelization of the Turks.

It would seem, therefore, that, up to the present time, the original plan of the mission to Turkey has been more promising of good, than any other; namely, that of operating upon the Mohammedans through regenerated churches planted in the communities where they dwell; and the greatest usefulness of these churches, for obvious reasons, must be expected in the interior, rather than in the capital. Thus far, there has been no material or very obvious change in the missionary policy; and the risk of such a change, and its probable advantages on the whole, should be carefully estimated. The Protestant nations of Europe are substantially with us in our evangelical labors among the Oriental Churches; and the churches we gather are "our epistle," "known and read" by the Mohammedans. Gradually, it may be, some of the missionaries now in the field, who are familiar with the Turkish language, and have their Armenian churches supplied with pastors, will turn their attention mainly to the Moslems, in the exercise of a sound discretion, both as regards the Turks and the Christians. It may be found that both classes may be happily inclosed in the same fold. The missionary now occupies a higher and more influential position with both, than he did years ago. The Turk, too, is better appreciated as he becomes known. He has more of manliness, self-respect, and religious feeling, than some races for whose salvation our labors have been blest. The masses are by no means hopeless, and the middle class is full of promise.

The future is in the hands of the great Head of the Church; who has so crowned with success the past labors of his servants in Turkey, as to warrant the expectation, that whatever is needful to the effectual republication of the Gospel in those Bible lands, may be attempted with the glad assurance of success.

MISSIONARIES

MISSIONARIES.

When no date occurs in the right hand column, it is because the missionary is still in the field.

In several instances, the date of the wife's arrival in the field precedes the arrival of the husband. The explanation is that the wife, previous to marriage, had been connected with the mission as a teacher.

Dr. Eli Smith's Exploring Tour is included in his thirty years' missionary service. So in the case of Dr. H. G. O. Dwight, and some others.

Cyprus is included in the Mission to Greece and the Greeks; the population consisting largely of that element.

The asterisk (*) placed before a name, denotes that the person is deceased. When it is placed before a date, in the right hand column, it denotes that the person died at the time there indicated, and in the field.

The Assyria Mission terminated in November, 1860, when it was merged in the Mission to the Armenians. The persons composing that mission remained at their stations.

It should be specially noted, that this table is not destined to state the time of a missionary's connection either with the Mission, or with the Board, but only of his residence in the field.

MISSION TO PALESTINE.

ORDAINED WIVES OF TIME OF TIME OF
MISSIONARIES. MISSIONARIES. ENTERING. LEAVING.
*Pliny Fisk Jan. 15, 1820. *Oct. 23, 1825.
*Levi Parsons Jan. 15, 1820. *Feb. 10, 1822.
*Jonas King, D.D. [See Mission
to Greece] Nov. 2, 1822. Aug. 26, 1825.
*George B. Whiting [See Mission
to Syria] Oct., 1834. Autumn, 1843.
Mrs. Matilda S.
Whiting Oct., 1834. Autumn, 1843.
Wm. M. Thomson, D.D. [See Mission
to Syria] April, 1834.
*Mrs. Eliza N.
Thomson April, 1834. *July 22, 1834.
*John F. Lanneau [See Mission
to Syria] May 1, 1836. June 11, 1846.
Charles S. Sherman Sept., 1838. July 1, 1842.
Mrs. Martha E.
Sherman Sept., 1839. July 1, 1842.
MISSIONARY PHYSICIAN.
*Asa Dodge, M.D. Sept., 1834. *Jan. 28, 1835.
Mrs. Martha
Dodge Sept., 1834. 1838.
ASSISTANT MISSIONARY.
Miss Betsey
Tilden June 16, 1836. March 1, 1843.

Messrs. Beadle and Keyes were at Jerusalem from July 17, 1840, to
January, 1841.

THE PRINTING ESTABLISHMENT AT MALTA.

ORDAINED WIVES OF TIME OF TIME OF
MISSIONARIES. MISSIONARIES. ENTERING. LEAVING.
*Daniel Temple [See Mission
to Armenians] Feb. 22, 1822. Dec., 1833.
*Mrs. Rachel B.
Temple Feb. 22, 1822. *Jan. 15, 1827.
*Mrs. Martha E.
Temple Feb. 25, 1830. Dec., 1833.
ASSISTANT MISSIONARY.
Homan Hallock [See Mission
to Armenians] Dec. 10, 1826.
Mrs. Elizabeth
Hallock Mar. 26, 1828.

MISSION TO SYRIA.

ORDAINED WIVES OF TIME OF TIME OF
MISSIONARIES. MISSIONARIES. ENTERING. LEAVING.
*William
Goodell, D.D. [See Mission
to Armenians] Oct. 16, 1823. May 2, 1828.
*Mrs. Abigail P.
Goodell Oct. 16, 1323. May 2, 1828.
Isaac Bird Oct. 16, 1823. Aug., 1835.
Mrs. Ann P.
Bird Oct. 16, 1823. Aug., 1835.
*Eli Smith, D.D. Feb. 18, 1827. *Jan. 11, 1857.
*Mrs. Sarah L. H.
Smith Jan. 28, 1834. *Sept. 30, 1836.
*Mrs. Maria W. C.
Smith June 17, 1841. *May 27, 1842.
Mrs. Henrietta S.
Smith Jan. 12, 1847. May, 1857.
Wm. M. Thomson, D.D. [See Mission
to Palestine] Sept., 1834.
Mrs. Maria
Thomson Aug. 3, 1835.
*Story Hebard Mar. 14, 1836. *June 30, 1841.
*Mrs. Rebecca W. Hebard
[formerly Miss
Williams] Nov. 13, 1835. *Feb. 18, 1840.
Elias R. Beadle Oct. 15, 1838. Sept. 27, 1842.
*Mrs. Hannah
Beadle Oct. 15, 1838. Sept. 27, 1842.
Samuel Wolcott, D.D. April 1, 1840. Jan. 2, 1843.
*Mrs. Catharine E.
Wolcott April 1, 1840. *Oct. 26, 1841.
*Nathaniel A. Keyes April 2, 1840. April 5, 1844.
*Mrs. Mary
Keyes April 2, 1840. April 5, 1844.
Leander Thompson April 1, 1840. March 1, 1843.
Mrs. Anne E.
Thompson April 1, 1840. March 1, 1843.
C. V. A. Van Dyck, D.D. April 1, 1840.
Mrs. Julia A.
Van Dyck Dec. 22, 1842.
*George B. Whiting [See Mission
to Palestine] Autumn, 1843. *Nov. 8, 1855.
*Mrs. Matilda S.
Whiting Autumn, 1843. Mar. 14, 1856.
*John F. Lanneau [See Mission
to Palestine] Feb., 1844. Feb. 17, 1846.
Mrs. Julia H.
Lanneau Feb., 1844. Feb. 17, 1846.
Simeon H. Calhoun July 28, 1844.
Mrs. Emily P.
Calhoun March 6, 1849.
Thomas Laurie, D.D. [See Mission to
Nestorians] Dec. 11, 1844. May 9, 1846.
William A. Benton Oct. 20, 1847, Con. terminated
June, 1861
Mrs. Loanza G.
Benton Oct. 20, 1847, "
*J. Edwards Ford March 8, 1848. June, 1865.
Mrs. Mary
Ford March 8, 1848. 1865.
David M. Wilson March 8, 1848. May 4, 1861.
Mrs. Emeline
Wilson March 8, 1848. May 4, 1861.
Horace Foote Aug. 24, 1848. Autumn, 1854.
*Mrs. Roxana
Foote Aug. 24, 1848. Autumn, 1854.
*Wm. F. Williams, D.D. [See Assyria
Mission] March 6, 1849.
*Mrs. Sarah P.
Williams March 6, 1849. *July 1, 1854.
William W. Eddy Jan. 31, 1852.
Mrs. Hannah M.
Eddy Jan. 31, 1852.
William Bird April, 1853.
Mrs. Sarah F.
Bird April, 1853.
J. Lorenzo Lyons Feb. 25, 1855. June, 1863.
Mrs. Catharine N.
Lyons Feb. 25, 1855. June, 1863.
Edward Aiken April, 1856. May 1, 1858.
*Mrs. Susan D.
Aiken April, 1856. *June 20, 1856.
Mrs. Sarah C. Aiken
[formerly Miss
Cheney] May 1, 1858.
Daniel Bliss, D.D. April, 1856.
Mrs. Abby M.
Bliss April, 1856.
Henry H. Jessup, D.D. Feb. 7, 1856.
*Mrs. Caroline
Jessup April, 1858. *July 2, 1864.
Mrs. Harriet E.
Jessup Nov. 22, 1868.
Samuel Jessup Jan. 24, 1863.
Mrs. Ann E.
Jessup Jan. 24, 1863.
Philip Berry Oct. 7, 1863. Oct, 1865.
Mrs. Magdalene
Berry Oct. 7, 1863. Oct, 1865.
Geo Edwd Post, M.D. Dec., 1863.
Mrs. Sarah P.
Post Dec., 1863.
Samuel S. Mitchell June 12, 1867. 1868.
Mrs. Lucy M.
Mitchell June 12, 1867. 1868.
Isaac N. Lowry Nov. 22, 1867. 1869.
Mrs. Mary E.
Lowry Nov. 22, 1867. 1869.
James S. Dennis Feb. 10, 1869.
MISSIONARY PHYSICIANS.
*H. A. DeForest, M.D. Mar. 23, 1842. May 8, 1854.
Mrs. Catharine S.
DeForest Mar. 23, 1842. May 8, 1854.
ASSISTANT MISSIONARIES.
George C. Hurter April 15, 1841. Spring, 1864.
Mrs. Elizabeth
Hurter April 15, 1841. June 7, 1861.
*Mrs. Rebecca W. Williams
[afterwards Mrs.
Hebard] Nov. 13, 1835. *Feb. 8, 1840.
*Mrs. Anna L.
Whittlesey May 2, 1851. *May 1, 1852.
Miss Sarah Cheney
[now Mrs. Edwd
Aiken] April, 1853. May 1, 1858.
Miss Jane E.
Johnson Aug. 31, 1858. May 15, 1859.
Miss Amelia C. Temple
[now Mrs. Geo.
Gould] Aug. 31, 1858. Spring, 1862.
Miss Adelaide L.
Mason April 11, 1860. June, 1865.
Miss Eliza D.
Everett Nov. 22, 1868.
Miss Nellie A.
Carruth Nov. 22, 1868. 1869.

MISSION TO GREECE AND THE GREEKS.

ORDAINED WIVES OF TIME OF TIME OF
MISSIONARIES. MISSIONARIES. ENTERING. LEAVING.
Josiah Brewer Dec. 27, 1826. Spring, 1828.
*Elnathan Gridley Dec. 27, 1826. *Sept. 27, 1827.
*Jonas King, D.D. [See Mission to
Palestine] April, 1831. *May 22, 1869.
Mrs. Anna A.
King April, 1831. 1869.
Elias Riggs, D.D. [See Mission to
Armenians] Jan., 1833.
Mrs. Martha Jane
Riggs Jan., 1833.
Samuel R. Houston Nov., 1834. 1840.
*Mrs. Mary R.
Houston Nov., 1834. *Nov. 24, 1839.
Lorenzo W. Pease Nov., 1834. *Aug. 28, 1839.
Mrs. Lucinda
Pease Nov., 1834. Spring, 1841.
James L. Thompson May, 1836. Autumn, 1841.
Daniel Ladd [See Mission to
Armenians] Oct., 1836.
Mrs. Charlotte H.
Ladd Oct., 1836.
*Nathan Benjamin [See Mission to
Armenians] Nov., 1836.
*Mrs. Mary G.
Benjamin Nov., 1836.
George W. Leyburn June, 1837. 1842.
Mrs. Elizabeth W.
Leyburn June, 1837. 1842.

MISSION TO THE ARMENIANS.

ORDAINED WIVES OF TIME OF TIME OF
MISSIONARIES. MISSIONARIES. ENTERING. LEAVING.
*William Goodell, D.D. [See Mission to
Syria] June 9, 1831. Summer, 1865.
*Mrs. Abigail P.
Goodell June 9, 1831. Summer, 1865.
*H. G. O. Dwight, D.D. Feb. 27, 1830.[1] Jan. 25, 1862.
*Mrs. Elizabeth
Dwight June 5, 1832. *July 8, 1837.
*Mrs. Mary
Dwight Sept. 4, 1839. *Nov. 16, 1860.
*Daniel Temple [See Print. Estab.
at Malta] Dec. 23, 1833. Summer, 1844.
*Mrs. Martha E.
Temple Dec. 23, 1833. Summer, 1844.
Thomas P. Johnston Jan. 19, 1834. 1853.
Mrs. Marianne C.
Johnston Jan. 19, 1834. 1853.
Benj. Schneider, D.D. Jan. 19, 1834.
*Mrs. Eliza C.
Schneider Jan. 19, 1834. *Sept. 29, 1856.
Mrs. Susan M.
Schneider Oct. 1, 1858.
John B. Adger, D.D. Oct. 25, 1834. 1846.
Mrs. Elizabeth K.
Adger Oct. 25, 1834. 1846.
Philander O. Powers Jan. 12, 1835. Summer, 1861.
*Mrs. Harriet G.
Powers Jan. 12, 1835. April, 1841.
*Mrs. Sarah L.
Powers Jan. 11, 1843. June, 1861.
Philander O. Powers [Reappointed] June 25, 1866.
Henry A. Homes Dec. 26, 1835. Dec. 10, 1850.
Mrs. Anna W.
Homes June 17, 1841. 1849.
William C. Jackson Feb. 1, 1836. 1845.
Mrs. Mary A.
Jackson Feb. 1, 1836. 1845.
Cyrus Hamlin, D.D. Feb. 4, 1839.
*Mrs. H. A. L.
Hamlin Feb. 4, 1839. *Nov. 14, 1850.
*Mrs. Harriet M. Hamlin
[formerly Miss H. M.
Lovell] April 18, 1845. *Nov. 6, 1857.
Mrs. Mary E. Hamlin
[formerly Miss M. E.
Tenney] Jan. 22, 1856.
H. J. Van Lennep, D.D. April 13, 1840. Summer, 1869.
*Mrs. Emma L.
Van Lennep April 13, 1840. *Sept. 12, 1840.
*Mrs. Mary E.
Van Lennep Nov. 24, 1843. *Sept. 27, 1844.
Mrs. Emily A.
Van Lennep June 16, 1850. Summer, 1869.
Josiah Peabody July, 1841. July, 1860.
Mrs. Mary L.
Peabody July, 1841. July, 1860.
George W. Wood, D.D. April 28, 1842. Sept. 4, 1850.
*Mrs. Martha B.
Wood April 28, 1842. Sept. 4, 1850.
George W. Wood, D.D. [Reappointed] 1871.
Mrs. Sarah A. H.
Wood 1871.
Daniel Ladd [See Mission to
Greece] Sept. 3, 1842. Aug., 1867.
Mrs. Charlotte H.
Ladd Sept. 3, 1842. Aug., 1867.
*Azariah Smith, M.D. Jan. 11, 1843. *June 3, 1851.
Mrs. Corinth I.
Smith Sept. 20, 1848. 1853.
Edwin E. Bliss, D.D. April 16, 1843.
Mrs. Isabella H.
Bliss April 16, 1843.
E. Riggs, D.D., LL.D. [See Mission to Greece and the
Bulgarians] 1844.
Mrs. Martha J.
Riggs 1844.
*Nathan Benjamin [See Mission to
Greece] August 1844. *Jan. 27, 1855.
*Mrs. Mary G.
Benjamin August 1844. 1855.
*Joel S. Everett April 18, 1845. *March 5, 1856.
*Mrs. Seraphina
Everett April 18, 1845. *Dec. 27, 1854.
Isaac G. Bliss, D.D. Aug. 24, 1847.
Mrs. Eunice B.
Bliss Aug. 24, 1847.
Oliver Crane March, 1849. 1854.
Mrs. Marion D.
Crane March, 1849. 1854.
Oliver Crane [Reappointed] 1860. 1863.
Mrs. Marion D.
Crane 1860. 1863.
*Joseph W. Sutphen Jan. 16, 1852. *Oct. 9, 1852.
*Mrs. Susan H.
Sutphen
[afterwards Mrs.
Morgan] Jan. 16, 1852. 1865.
Wilson A. Farnsworth Jan. 22, 1853.
Mrs. Caroline E.
Farnsworth Jan. 22, 1853.
William Clark Jan. 22, 1853. Aug., 1859.
Mrs. Elizabeth W.
Clark Jan. 22, 1853. Aug., 1859.
Andrew T. Pratt, M.D. Jan. 22, 1853.
Mrs. Sarah F.
Pratt Jan. 22, 1853.
George B. Nutting Feb. 9, 1853. Summer, 1868.
*Mrs. Sarah E.
Nutting Feb. 9, 1853. *July 9, 1854.
Mrs. Susan A.
Nutting Autumn, 1856. Summer, 1868.
*Fayette Jewett, M.D. April 20, 1853. *June 18, 1862.
*Mrs. Mary A. A.
Jewett April 20, 1853. Summer, 1862.
*Jasper N. Ball Sept. 21, 1853. Aug., 1861.
*Mrs. Caroline W.
Ball Sept. 21, 1853. Aug., 1861.
*Jasper N. Ball [Reappointed] Jan., 1865. 1869.
Mrs. Martha Ann
Ball Jan., 1865. 1869.
*George W. Dunmore May, 1851. 1861.
Mrs. Susan
Dunmore May, 1851. 1856.
Albert G. Beebee Sept. 1854. March, 1860.
*Mrs. Sarah J.
Beebee Sept., 1854. *Oct. 28, 1858.
George A. Perkins Sept., 1854. Spring, 1861.
Mrs. Sarah E.
Perkins Sept., 1854. Spring, 1861.
Sanford Richardson Sept. 25, 1854.
Mrs. Rhoda A.
Richardson Sept. 25, 1854.
*Edwin Goodell Sept. 25, 1854. 1855.
Mrs. Catharine J.
Goodell Sept. 25, 1854. 1855.
Benjamin Parsons Sept. 25, 1854. 1860.
Mrs. Sarah W.
Parsons Sept. 25, 1854. 1860.
Alexander R. Plumer Feb. 8, 1855. 1859.
Mrs. Elizabeth P.
Plummer Feb. 8, 1855. 1859.
Ira Fayette Pettibone Aug. 4, 1855. 1868.
Ira Fayette Pettibone [Reappointed] May, 1866.
Justin W. Parsons [See Mission to
the Jews] Sept., 1855.
Mrs. Catharine
Parsons Sept., 1855.
*Edward M. Dodd [See Mission to
the Jews] Sept. 28, 1855. *Aug. 19, 1865.
Mrs. Lydia H.
Dodd Sept. 28, 1855. June, 1866.
Orson P. Allen Dec. 9, 1855.
Mrs. Caroline R.
Allen Dec. 9, 1855.
*Homer B. Morgan [See Mission to
the Jews] Jan., 1856. *Aug. 25, 1865.
Mrs. Susan H.
Morgan Jan. 16, 1852. 1865.
Tillman C. Trowbridge [See Mission to
the Jews] Jan. 22, 1856.
Mrs. Margaret
Trowbridge 1861.
George A. Pollard Jan. 22, 1856. 1868.
Mrs. Mary H.
Pollard Jan. 22, 1856. 1868.
Crosby H. Wheeler March 2, 1857.
Mrs. Susan A.
Wheeler March 2, 1857.
Charles F. Morse [See Mission to
Bulgarians] March 2, 1857.
Mrs. Eliza D.
Morse March 2, 1857.
Oliver W. Winchester March 2, 1857. June, 1865.
Mrs. Jeannette S.
Winchester March 2, 1857. June, 1865.
*Jackson G. Coffing March 2, 1857. *Mar. 26, 1862.
Mrs. Josephine L.
Coffing March 2, 1857.
George H. White March 2, 1857. Autumn, 1863.
Mrs. Joanna
White March 2, 1857. Autumn, 1863.
Julius Y. Leonard Sept. 4, 1857.
Mrs. Amelia A.
Leonard Sept. 4, 1857.
George Washburn August, 1858.
Mrs. Henrietta L.
Washburn April 15, 1859.
Joseph K. Greene Feb. 22, 1859.
Mrs. Elizabeth A.
Greene Feb. 22, 1859.
Herman N. Barnum Autumn, 1858.
Mrs. Mary E.
Barnum July, 1860.
William F. Arms 1860. 1864.
*Mrs. Emily F.
Arms 1860. *March, 1861.
Alvin B. Goodale, M.D. Mar. 25, 1860. 1864.
Mrs. Mary E.
Goodale Mar. 25, 1860. 1864.
*Zenas Goss Mar. 25, 1860. *Aug. 28, 1864.
William W. Livingston Sept. 3, 1860. 1871.
Mrs. Martha E.
Livingston Sept. 3, 1860. 1871.
*Wm. F. Williams, D.D. [See Mission to
Assyria] Nov., 1860. *Feb. 14, 1871.
*Mrs. Caroline P.
Williams Oct. 4, 1861. *Jan. 15, 1865.
[for. Miss C. P.
Barbour] Dec. 25, 1857.
Mrs. Clarissa C.
Williams
[formerly Miss C. C.
Pond] Oct. 15, 1864. 1871.
*Augustus Walker [See Assyria
Mission] Nov., 1860. *Sept. 13, 1866.
Mrs. Eliza M.
Walker Nov., 1860. July, 1867.
George C. Knapp [See Assyria
Mission] Nov., 1860.
Mrs. Alzina M.
Knapp Nov., 1860.
Lysander T. Burbank Oct. 13, 1860. 1871.
Mrs. Sarah S.
Burbank Oct. 13, 1860. 1871.
John Francis Smith July 8, 1863.
Mrs. Laura E.
Smith July 8, 1863.
Moses P. Parmelee, M.D. Aug. 14, 1863.
*Mrs. Nellie A.
Parmelee Aug. 14, 1863. *Feb. 17, 1870.
Mrs. Julia
Parmelee Sept., 1871.
Giles F. Montgomery Dec., 1863.
Mrs. Emily R.
Montgomery Dec., 1863.
*Walter H. Giles Nov. 17, 1864. *May 21, 1867.
Mrs. Elizabeth F.
Giles Nov. 17, 1864.
Lucien H. Adams June 9, 1865.
*Mrs. Augusta S.
Adams June 9, 1865. *Nov. 18, 1866.
Mrs. Nancy D.
Adams
[formerly Miss N. D.
Francis] June 25, 1866.
Albert Bryant Oct. 28, 1865. June, 1868.
Mrs. Mary E. I.
Bryant Oct. 28, 1865. June, 1868.
Henry T. Perry Jan. 11, 1867.
Mrs. Jennie H.
Perry Jan. 11, 1867.
Theodore A. Baldwin Aug. 9, 1867.
Mrs. Matilda J.
Baldwin Aug. 9, 1867.
Henry S. Barnum Aug. 10, 1867.
*Mrs. Lucretia L.
Barnum Aug. 10, 1867. *Dec. 31, 1867.
Mrs. Helen P.
Barnum 1869.
Charles C. Tracy October, 1867.
Mrs. Lemyra A.
Tracy October, 1867.
Lyman Bartlett Nov. 8, 1867.
Mrs. Cornelia C.
Bartlett Nov. 8, 1867.
Alpheus N. Andrus May 30, 1868.
Mrs. Louisa M.
Andrus May 30, 1868.
Carmi C. Thayer July, 1868.
Mrs. Mary F.
Thayer July, 1868.
John Eldwin Pierce Sept., 1868.
Mrs. Lizzie A.
Pierce Sept., 1868.
Royal M. Cole Sept., 1868.
Mrs. Lizzie C.
Cole Sept., 1868.
Theodore S. Pond Dec. 13, 1868.
Mrs. Julia J.
Pond Dec. 13, 1868.
Milan H. Hitchcock June 5, 1869.
Mrs. Lucy A.
Hitchcock June 5, 1869.
Edward Riggs July, 1869.
Mrs. Sarah H.
Riggs July, 1869.
Henry Marden Oct. 15, 1869.
Mrs. Mary L.
Marden Oct. 15, 1869.
John Otis Barrows Dec. 23, 1869.
Mrs. Clara S.
Barrows Dec. 23, 1869.
MISSIONARY PHYSICIANS.
Henry S. West, M.D. Feb., 1859.
Mrs. Lottie M.
West Feb., 1859.
D. H. Nutting, M.D. [See Assyria
Mission] Nov., 1860.
Mrs. Mary E.
Nutting Nov., 1860.
*H. B. Haskell, M.D. [See Assyria
Mission] Nov., 1860. Summer, 1861.
Mrs. Sarah J.
Haskell Nov., 1860. Summer, 1861.
James A. Milne, M.D. Aug., 1867. 1868.
Mrs. Arabella
Milne Aug., 1867. 1868.
Geo. C. Reynolds, M.D. Nov. 26, 1869.
Mrs. Martha W.
Reynolds Nov. 26, 1869.
Mary L. Wadsworth, M.D. June, 1871.
ASSISTANT MISSIONARIES.
Homan Hallock [See Print. Estab.
at Malta] Dec., 1833. 1841.
Mrs. Elizabeth
Hallock Dec., 1833. 1841.
*Miss Harriet M.
Lovell
[afterwards Mrs.
Hamlin] April 18, 1845. *Nov. 6, 1857.
*Mrs. Sarah C.
Hinsdale
[widow of Rev. A. K.
Hinsdale] 1845. 1855.
Miss Melvina
Haynes Jan. 22, 1853. July 1856.
Miss Maria A.
West Jan. 22, 1853.
Miss Isabella H.
Goodell 1855.
Mrs. Mary E.
Goodell
[afterwards Mrs. H. N.
Barnum] 1855.
Mrs. Mary E.
Tenney
[afterwards Mrs.
Hamlin] Jan. 22, 1856.
Miss Sarah Elizabeth
West Jan. 22, 1856. Sept., 1862.
Miss Myra A.
Proctor July 28, 1859.
Miss Arabella L.
Babcock Sept., 1862. May, 1864.
Miss Ann Eliza
Fritcher July 8, 1863.
Miss Clarissa C.
Pond
[afterwards Mrs. W. F.
Williams] Oct. 15, 1864. 1871.
Mrs. Nancy D.
Francis
[afterwards Mrs. L. H.
Adams] June 25, 1866.
*Miss Mary E.
Warfield April 27, 1867. *Feb. 12, 1870.
Miss Harriet
Seymour April 27, 1867.
Miss Sarah Ann
Closson Nov. 8, 1867.
Miss Mary G.
Hollister Dec., 1867.
Henry O. Dwight Dec., 1867.
Mrs. Mary A.
Dwight Dec., 1867.
Miss Rebecca D.
Tracy Sept., 1868. 1870.
Miss Charlotte Elizab.
Ely Sept., 1868.
Miss Mary A. C.
Ely Sept., 1868.
Miss Harriet G.
Powers Sept., 1868.
Miss Cyrene O.
Van Duzee Sept., 1868.
Miss Olive L.
Parmelee Oct., 1868.
Miss Isabella C.
Baker Oct., 1868.
Miss Flavia S.
Bliss Nov., 1868.
Miss Ursula C.
Clarke Nov. 18, 1868.
Miss Ardelle M.
Griswold Oct. 15, 1869.
Miss Caroline E.
Bush Aug. 27, 1870.
Miss Julia A.
Rappleye Nov. 11, 1870.
Miss Sarah L.
Wood Nov. 11, 1870.
Miss Julia A.
Shearman Jan., 1871. 1872.
Miss Cornelia P.
Dwight
Miss Mary S.
Williams May, 1871.
Miss Mary M.
Patrick Sept. 21, 1871.

[1] Dr. Dwight arrived at Malta at the date here indicated, but did not settle at Constantinople till June 5, 1832. The intervening time was employed partly in an exploring tour, and partly at Malta, in labors tributary to the mission.

ASSYRIA MISSION.

ORDAINED WIVES OF TIME OF TIME OF
MISSIONARIES. MISSIONARIES. ENTERING. LEAVING.
Dwight W. Marsh Mar. 29, 1850. Summer, 1860.
*Mrs. Julia W.
Marsh May 9, 1853. *Aug. 12, 1859.
*Wm. F. Williams, D.D. [See Mission to
Armenians] May, 1851.
*Mrs. Sarah P.
Williams May, 1851. *July 1, 1854.
*Mrs. Harriet B.
Williams Nov., 1857. *Dec. 25, 1857.
*Henry Lobdell, M.D. May 8, 1852. *Mar. 25, 1855.
Mrs. Lucy C.
Lobdell May 8, 1852. Summer, 1860.
*Augustus Walker [See Mission to
Armenians] April 27, 1853.
Mrs. Eliza M.
Walker April, 1853.
George C. Knapp [See Mission to
Armenians] April 5, 1856.
Mrs. Alzina M.
Knapp April 5, 1856.
MISSIONARY PHYSICIANS.
D. H. Nutting, M.D. [See Mission to
Armenians] Sept., 1854.
Mrs. Mary E.
Nutting Sept., 1854.
*Henri B. Haskell, M.D. [See Mission to
Armenians] April 19, 1856.
Mrs. Sarah J.
Haskell April 19, 1856.

MISSION TO THE JEWS.

ORDAINED WIVES OF TIME OF TIME OF
MISSIONARIES. MISSIONARIES. ENTERING. LEAVING.
Wm. G. Schauffler, D.D. [See Mission to
Mohammedans] July 31, 1832.
Mrs. Mary R.
Schauffler Feb. 26, 1834.
*Eliphal Maynard April 2, 1849. *Sept. 14, 1849.
Mrs. Celestia A.
Maynard April 2, 1849. 1850.
*Edward M. Dodd [See Mission to
Armenians] April 2, 1849.
Mrs. Lydia H.
Dodd April 2, 1849.
Justin W. Parsons [See Mission to
Armenians] June 24, 1850.
Mrs. Catharine
Parsons June 24, 1850.
*Homer B. Morgan [See Mission to
Armenians] Feb. 16, 1852.
Mrs. Harriet G.
Morgan Feb. 16, 1852. *Sept. 10, 1852.
Mrs. Susan H.
Morgan
[formerly Mrs.
Sutphen] Nov. 7, 1853.

MISSION TO THE MOHAMMEDANS.

ORDAINED WIVES OF TIME OF TIME OF
MISSIONARIES. MISSIONARIES. ENTERING. LEAVING.
James Lyman Merrick [See Mission to
Nestorians] Oct. 25, 1835. Dec. 1842.
Mrs. Emma
Merrick Mar. 11, 1839. Dec. 1841.
Wm. G. Schauffler, D.D. [See Mission to
Jews] May, 1858.
Mrs. Mary R.
Schauffler May, 1858.
William Hutchison Nov. 14, 1858. April, 1859.
Mrs. Foresta G.
Hutchison Nov. 14, 1858. April, 1859.
George F. Herrick Dec. 2, 1859.
Mrs. Helen M.
Herrick Aug., 1861.
Henry A. Schauffler [See Mission to
Bulgarians] June 3, 1865.
Mrs. Clara E.
Schauffler June 3, 1865.

MISSION TO THE NESTORIANS.

ORDAINED WIVES OF TIME OF TIME OF
MISSIONARIES. MISSIONARIES. ENTERING. LEAVING.
*Justin Perkins, D.D. Nov., 1835. May 28, 1869.
Mrs. Charlotte
Perkins Nov., 1835. 1857.
*Albert L. Holladay June 7, 1837. Spring, 1846.
Mrs. Anne Y.
Holladay June 7, 1837. Spring, 1846.
*William R. Stocking June 7, 1837. June, 1853.
Mrs. Jerusha R.
Stocking June 7, 1837. June, 1853.
*Willard Jones Nov. 17, 1839. 1844.
Mrs. Miriam
Jones Nov. 17, 1839. Winter, 1844.
*A. H. Wright, M.D. July 25, 1840. *Jan. 4, 1865.
Mrs. Catharine A.
Wright June 14, 1843. August, 1859.
*Abel K. Hinsdale June, 1841. *Dec. 26, 1842.
*Mrs. Sarah C.
Hinsdale
[see Mission to
Armenians] June, 1841. Oct. 21, 1844.
*Colby C. Mitchell June, 1841. *June 27, 1841.
*Mrs. Eliza A.
Mitchell June, 1841. *July 12, 1841.
*James Lyman Merrick [See Mission to
Mohammedans] Dec. 1842. Summer, 1845.
*Mrs. Emma
Merrick Dec. 1842. Summer, 1845.
Thomas Laurie, D.D. [See Mission to
Syria] Nov. 11, 1842. Nov. 10, 1844.
*Mrs. Martha F.
Laurie Nov. 11, 1842. *Dec. 16, 1843.
*David T. Stoddard June 14, 1843. *Jan. 26, 1857.
*Mrs. Harriet
Stoddard June 14, 1843. *Aug. 2, 1848.
Mrs. Sophia D.
Stoddard June 26, 1851. July, 1858.
*Joseph G. Cochran Sept. 27, 1847. *Nov. 2, 1871.
*Mrs. Deborah W.
Cochran Sept. 27, 1848.
George W. Coan Oct. 13, 1849.
Mrs. Sarah P.
Coan Oct. 13, 1849.
*Samuel A. Rhea June 26, 1851. *Sept. 2, 1865.
*Mrs. Martha Ann
Rhea July 1, 1852. *Sept. 16, 1857.
Mrs. Sarah Jane
Rhea Oct. 25, 1860. May, 1869.
*Edwin H. Crane Oct. 20, 1852. *Aug. 27, 1854.
*Mrs. Ann E.
Crane
[afterwards Mrs. P. O.
Powers] Oct. 20, 1852. Nov. 1857.
*Thomas L. Ambrose Nov. 27, 1858. August, 1861.
John H. Shedd Nov. 11, 1859.
Mrs. Sarah Jane
Shedd Nov. 11, 1859.
*Amherst L. Thompson July 2, 1860. *Aug. 25, 1860.
*Mrs. Esther E.
Thompson July 2, 1860. Summer, 1861.
Benjamin Labaree Oct. 25, 1860.
Mrs. Elizabeth E.
Labaree Oct. 25, 1860.
Henry N. Cobb Oct. 25, 1860. Autumn, 1862.
Mrs. Matilda E.
Cobb Oct. 25, 1860. Autumn, 1862.
MISSIONARY PHYSICIANS.
*Asahel Grant, M.D. Oct. 15, 1835. *April 24, 1844.
*Mrs. Judith S.
Grant Oct. 15, 1835. *Jan. 14, 1839.
*F. N. H. Young, M.D. Oct. 25, 1860. Summer, 1863.
T. L. Van Norden, M.D. Oct. 6, 1866.
Mrs. Mary M.
Van Norden Oct. 6, 1866.
ASSISTANT MISSIONARIES.
*Edwin Breath Nov. 7, 1840. *Nov. 18, 1861.
Mrs. Sarah Ann
Breath Oct. 13, 1849. Summer, 1862.
*Miss Fidelia
Fiske June 14, 1843. July 15, 1858.
Miss Catharine A.
Myers
[afterwards Mrs.
Wright] June 14, 1843. August, 1859.
Miss Mary Susan
Rice Nov. 20, 1847.
*Miss Martha Ann
Harris
[afterwards Mrs.
Rhea] July 1, 1852. *Sept. 16, 1857.
Miss Aura Jeannette
Beach July 2, 1860. Sept., 1862.
*Miss Harriet N.
Crawford July 2, 1860. May, 1865.
Miss Nancy Jane
Dean Oct. 19, 1868.

MISSION TO THE BULGARIANS.

ORDAINED WIVES OF TIME OF TIME OF
MISSIONARIES. MISSIONARIES. ENTERING. LEAVING.
Charles F. Morse [See Mission to
Armenians] Mar. 26, 1858. 1870.
Mrs. Eliza D.
Morse Mar. 26, 1858. 1870.
Theodore L. Byington Sept. 4, 1858. 1867.
Mrs. Margaret E.
Byington Sept. 4, 1858. 1867.
*William W. Meriam April 22, 1859. *July 3, 1862.
*Mrs. Susan
Meriam April 22, 1859. *July 25, 1862.
James F. Clarke Oct., 1859.
Mrs. Isabella G.
Clarke Oct., 1859.
William F. Arms July, 1860. June, 1862.
*Mrs. Emily
Arms July, 1860. *Mar. 31, 1861.
Oliver Crane [See Mission to
Armenians] Sept. 19, 1860. Aug., 1863.
Mrs. Marion D.
Crane Sept. 19, 1860. Aug., 1863.
Henry C. Haskell Dec. 13, 1862.
Mrs. Margaret H.
Haskell Dec. 13, 1862.
*Jasper N. Ball [See Mission to
Armenians] Jan., 1865. 1869.
Mrs. Martha A.
Ball Jan., 1865. 1869.
Lewis Bond May 29, 1868.
Mrs. Fannie G.
Bond May 29, 1868.
Wm. Edwin Locke June, 1868.
Mrs. Zoe A. M.
Locke June, 1868.
Henry Pitt Page Nov. 26, 1868.
Mrs. Mary A.
Page Nov. 26, 1868.
Elias Riggs, D.D., LL.D. [See Mission to
Armenians] 1871.
Mrs. Martha J.
Riggs 1871.
Henry A. Schauffler [See Mission to
Mohammedans] 1871.
Mrs. Clara E.
Schauffler 1871.
ASSISTANT MISSIONARIES.
*Miss Mary E.
Reynolds Jul. 8, 1863. 1869.
*Miss Roseltha N.
Norcross April 27, 1867. *Nov. 4, 1870.
Miss Minnie C.
Beach Oct. 15, 1869.
Miss Esther T.
Maltbie Nov. 11, 1870.
Mrs. Anna V.
Mumford 1871.