HISTORICAL PERIODS.
| B.C. | |
| Foundation of Rome | April 21, 753 |
| Rome ruled by kings | 753–510 |
| Republican period—consuls | 510–27 |
| Dictatorship instituted | 501 |
| Decemvirs governed | 540 |
| Gauls take Rome | 398 |
| Consuls re-established | 366 |
| Rome governs the whole of Italy | 266 |
| Carthage destroyed | 146 |
| First Triumvirate | 60 |
| Cæsar assassinated | 44 |
| The Empire ruled from Rome | 27 B.C.-306 A.D. |
| Empire divided | 337 |
| Fall of Western Empire | 476 |
| Rome the capital of United Italy | 1870 |