Burgoyne's Invasion of 1777 / With an outline sketch of the American Invasion of Canada, 1775-76.

by Samuel Adams Drake

INDEX.

• Allen, Ethan, takes Ticonderoga, [17];
  • goes before Montgomery, [19].
• Arnold, Benedict, marches to Canada, [19];
  • takes command of our flotilla, and fights the enemy, [22]; [25], note;
  • sent to relieve Fort Stanwix, and does it by a stratagem, [92];
  • part at Bemis' Heights, [112];
  • storms the enemy's intrenchments, [121], [122];
  • wounded, [122].
• 
  
• Batten-Kill, British take post at, [70], [87].
  • composition of his force, [70];
  • hears the Americans are waiting for him, [75];
  • notifies Burgoyne, and goes on, [75];
  • discovers Stark, and intrenches himself on the Walloomsac, [78], [81];
  • defeated, [83], [132].
• Baum, Frederic, commands British expedition to Bennington, and marches, [70];
  • Baum marches for, [72];
  • Battle of Bennington, [83], [84], [85];
  • trophies of, [85]; [86], note;
  • results of the battle, [88], [89].
• Bennington, Vt.; Burgoyne's plan to seize stores at, [68];
  • battle of September [19], [106], [107], [108], [111]; [112], note.
• Bemis' Heights; position of the army described, [99];
• Bouquet River; Burgoyne halts at, [37].
• Brant, Joseph, at Oriskany, [91]; [94], note.
  • marches to Baum's aid, [81];
  • his slowness fatal to Baum, [84];
  • defeated, and badly cut up, [85];
  • his retreat to camp, [89];
  • part in Battle of Bemis' Heights, [105];
  • killed, [122].
• Breyman, Heinrich C., posted in support of Baum, [70];
• Brown, John, attacks Ticonderoga, [114]; [115], note.
  • passes Lake Champlain, [35]; [36], notes 1 and 2;
  • invests Ticonderoga, [40], [43];
  • fights at Hubbardton, [47], [48];
  • at Fort Anne, [52];
  • joined by loyalists, [61];
  • concentrated, and leaves Skenesborough, [66];
  • arrives at Fort Edward, [66];
  • joined by savages, [66];
  • compelled to halt for provisions, [66], [69];
  • is moved forward to support the expedition to Bennington, [70];
  • falls back after the defeat of Baum, [87];
  • its losses, [88];
  • crosses the Hudson, [102];
  • order of march from Saratoga to Bemis' Heights, [105];
  • slow advance, [105];
  • gives battle to Gates, [106];
  • troops in action, [107];
  • on the defensive, [116];
  • on short rations, [117];
  • inactivity of, [117];
  • ordered to fight Gates again, [118];
  • troops selected, [119];
  • meets defeat, [121];
  • camp assaulted and turned, [122];
  • forms new line, [124];
  • retreats, [127];
  • soldiers dispirited, [129];
  • reaches Saratoga, [129];
  • makes a last stand, [130];
  • its camps, [130];
  • compelled to surrender, [133];
  • numbers at this time, [138].
• Burgoyne's Army, composition of, [33], [34];
  • demand for re-enforcements, [11];
  • deficiency of transportation service, [12];
  • cause of failure, [13];
  • plan of, [26-32];
  • results in surrender, [133];
  • effect of it in Europe, especially in France, [140];
  • effect at home, [141];
  • said to have failed through blundering in the War Office, [142].
• Burgoyne's Campaign discussed, [10-14];
  • his plan of campaign, [26] et seq.;
  • his army, [33];
  • his proclamation, [38];
  • aims to cut off St. Clair from Schuyler, [45];
  • takes Skenesborough, [51];
  • follows up his successes, [52];
  • résumé of his campaign thus far, [52];
  • sends Riedesel to Castleton, [61];
  • chooses the Fort Anne route to Albany, [61];
  • his reasons, [62];
  • march obstructed, [65];
  • reaches Fort Edward, [66];
  • plans how to provide for his army, [68];
  • desire to strike New England, [68];
  • orders the expedition to Bennington, [70];
  • how composed, [70];
  • combinations overthrown by Baum's defeat, [87];
  • his losses up to this time, [88];
  • his Indians desert him, [88];
  • compelled to halt again, [90];
  • hears of St. Leger's retreat, [93];
  • his choice of evils, [101];
  • decides to cross the Hudson, [102];
  • marches in search of Gates, [105];
  • order of march, [105];
  • gives battle, [106] et seq.;
  • troops in action, [107];
  • holds his position, but makes no advance, [113];
  • brings on another battle, [118], [119];
  • calls his three best generals to his aid, and commands in person, [119];
  • is defeated, and driven into his works, [121];
  • orders a retreat, [127];
  • finds a force confronting him on the east bank of the Hudson, [128];
  • loses valuable time, [128];
  • burns his baggage, [129];
  • arrives at Saratoga, [129];
  • finds retreat cut off, [131];
  • his camp untenable, [132];
  • surrenders his army, [133];
  • scene described by eyewitnesses, [135], [138].
• Burgoyne, John; his personal traits, [9];
  • invasion of begun, [19];
  • attitude toward the colonies, [25], note.
• 
  
  • gains a naval victory over Arnold, [22], [25].
• Canada's alliance desired, [15];
• Carleton, Guy; attitude toward Burgoyne, [11], [12];
  • taken by Americans, [19];
  • burnt, [20].
• Castleton, Vt.; Riedesel posted there by Burgoyne, [61].
  • thinks he is only to make a diversion, [117]; [122], note;
  • is near Albany when Burgoyne surrenders, [133]; [134], note.
• Chambly, Fort; position of, [16];
  • when built, [18], note;
  • Americans fall back to, [20];
  • evacuated, [20];
  • naval battle near, [22].
• Clinton, Sir Henry, notifies Burgoyne that he is coming to his relief, [116];
• Crown Point, position of, [16];
  • British army posted at, [70], [87].
• 
  
• Diamond Island, unsuccessful attack upon, [114].
• Duer's House, Frazer's corps at, [68];
  • Schuyler re-enforces them, [52];
  • combat at, [52];
  • burnt and abandoned, [52];
  • described, [55], note;
  • importance to Burgoyne, [62];
  • neighborhood described, [62], [63].
• 
  
  • Schuyler at, [51];
  • is joined by St. Clair, after Ticonderoga falls, [51];
  • Burgoyne arrives at, [66];
  • Schuyler evacuates it, [66];
  • described, [66], note.
• Fellows, John, commands a detachment to watch Burgoyne, [134].
  • Americans evacuate it, [66];
  • and British occupy it, [66].
• Fishkill Creek, [129]; [134], note.
• Fort Anne, N. Y.; Americans retreat to, from Skenesborough, [51];
  • St. Leger's force, [35];
  • garrisoned and defended, [90], [91];
  • attempt to relieve fails, [91];
  • garrison makes a sally, [92];
  • siege raised, [93]; [94], note.
• Fort Edward, position of, [16];
• Fort George, position of, [16];
  • takes Mt. Hope, [40];
  • pursues St. Clair, [46];
  • comes up with the Americans at Hubbardton, and fights them, [47];
  • on the point of defeat is re-enforced, and gains the day, [48];
  • crosses the Hudson, and takes post at Saratoga, [70];
  • recrosses the Hudson, [87];
  • is posted on the right at Bemis' Heights, [105];
  • his force, [107];
  • killed, [121]; [123], note;
  • buried, [127]; [134], note.
• Fort Oswego, position of, [30].
  • first collision at (Sept. 19), [106];
  • second battle at, [120-122].
• Fort Stanwix, position of, [30];
  • sallies out upon besiegers, [91]; [94], note.
• Francis, Ebenezer, covers retreat from Ticonderoga, fights Frazer at Hubbardton, but is killed, [51]; [55], note.
  • his rank, [25], note;
  • supersedes Schuyler, [95];
  • good effect on the army, [97];
  • orders an advance to Stillwater, [97];
  • want of confidence in Arnold a drawback to success, [98];
  • posts the army on Bemis' Heights, [98]; note, [99];
  • sends Morgan to feel the enemy, [106];
  • re-enforces in driblets, [108];
  • his camp and army, [115], notes 1 and 2;
  • accepts battle again, [120];
  • is victorious, [121], [122];
  • dilatory pursuit of the enemy, [131];
  • comes up with Burgoyne, [131];
  • dispositions for attacking, [131];
  • receives Burgoyne's surrender, [133].
• Frazer, Simon, commands a corps under Burgoyne, [34], [35];
  • is waylaid and defeated, [91], [92];
  • dies of his wounds, [92]; [94], note.
• Freeman's Farm, position of, [99]; [100], note, [105];
• 
  
  • driven from Boston, [29];
  • George III. disappointed in him, [29];
  • gets his orders too late, [31].
• Gansevoort, Peter, at Fort Stanwix, [90];
  • St. Clair's rearguard overtaken at, [47];
  • battle of, [47], [48], [49].
• Gates, Horatio, takes command of the Northern Army, [20];
• 
  
• Herkimer, Nicholas, marches to relieve Fort Stanwix, [91];
  • naval battle on, [22];
  • Burgoyne's advance, [35];
  • shores of, [37];
  • Americans driven from, [51].
• Hessian Mercenaries, [36], note.
  • sketch of, [76], note;
  • makes a raid in Burgoyne's rear, [113];
  • joins Gates, [115];
  • wounded, [128].
• Howe, Sir William, participation in the campaign discussed, [14];
• Hubbardton, Vt., garrison of Ticonderoga retreats to, [44];
  • rendezvous for militia, [73];
  • Lincoln and Stark at, [74].
• 
  
• Johnson, Sir John, at Oriskany, [91]; [94], note.
  
  • killed, [20];
  • sketch of, [25], note.
• Kosciusko, Thaddeus, marks out the lines on Bemis' Heights, [98]; [100], note.
  
  • attack Burgoyne, [106];
  • part in the battle of October 7, [120], [121].
• Lake Champlain, the gateway of the north, [16];
  • named, [21];
  • Americans retreat from Ticonderoga to, [44].
• Lincoln, Benjamin, sent to Manchester, [74];
  • seized by Burgoyne's engineers, [43];
  • compels the evacuation of Ticonderoga, [43];
  • retaken by the Americans, [114]; [115], note.
• Lyman, Phineas, builds Fort Edward, [66].
  
  • Howe's strategy, [60], note.
• Manchester, Vt., Warner posted at, [57];
  • resources of for resisting Burgoyne, [58], [59].
• Mohawk Valley, plan for invading it, [30], [35].
• Montgomery, Richard, leads an army to Canada, [19];
  • brings up artillery at Bemis' Heights, [111].
• Morgan's Riflemen, [99], note;
  • at Ticonderoga, [40];
  • pursues the retreating Americans, [46];
  • turns defeat to victory at Hubbardton, [48];
  • is posted at Castleton, Vt., [61];
  • falls back to Fort Edward, [86];
  • supports Burgoyne at Bemis' Heights, [111].
• Mount Independence described, [16];
  • country below described, [98];
  • Burgoyne's army crosses over to, [102];
  • falls back to, after being defeated, [129]; [134], note.
• Mount Defiance, the key of Ticonderoga, [43];
  • evacuates it, [43];
  • military record of, [44], note 2; also note 5;
  • marches for Skenesborough, [45];
  • halts at Hubbardton, [46];
  • hears Burgoyne has occupied his proposed line of retreat, and now marches for Bennington, [51];
  • joins Schuyler at Fort Edward, [51];
  • accused of treachery, [58];
  • and ordered to Philadelphia, [60].
• 
  
  • taken by Americans, [19];
  • burnt, [20];
  • British build a fleet at, [21].
• Newport, R. I., held by the enemy, [30];
  • his part, [30], [31];
  • his force, [35], [90];
  • lays siege to Fort Stanwix, [91];
  • Arnold's stratagem compels him to raise the siege, [93];
  • and retreat to Oswego, [93].
• New York, plans for its invasion, [26], [29], [30];
  • St. Clair joins him, [51];
  • sends a force to Fort Anne, [52];
  • military record of, [55], note;
  • holds Warner at Manchester, [57];
  • evacuates Fort Edward on Burgoyne's approach, [66];
  • state of his army, [66];
  • urges Stark to join him, [77];
  • sends Gansevoort to Fort Stanwix, [90];
  • then Arnold, [93];
  • superseded by Gates, [95].
• 
  
• Oriskany, N. Y., Americans marching to Fort Stanwix are defeated at, [91].
  
  • described, [18], note;
  • made a dockyard, [21];
  • Americans retreat to, from Ticonderoga, [44];
  • set fire to, and abandoned, [51].
• Phillips, William, commands Burgoyne's artillery, [34];
  • musters his brigade at Manchester, [74];
  • refuses to join Schuyler, [74];
  • his perplexity, [75];
  • marches to Bennington, [75];
  • sketch of, [76], note;
  • decides to join Schuyler, [77];
  • but hears of the enemy's approach, and sends out scouts, [77];
  • sends for Warner, [78];
  • re-enforced, [81];
  • his force, [82];
  • gains the victory of Bennington, [83];
  • and defeats Breyman also, [84], [85];
  • at Fort Edward, [132].
• 
  
• Riedesel, Baron von, commands Burgoyne's German contingent, [34];
  • taken by Americans, [17]; [18], note;
  • Montgomery there, [19];
  • Burgoyne's landing, [39];
  • garrison of, [40];
  • invested by Burgoyne, [40], [43];
  • evacuated, [44];
  • effects of its fall, [56], [57];
  • Americans attack it unsuccessfully, [114].
• 
  
• Saratoga, occupied by Burgoyne, [70];
• St. Clair, Arthur, commands at Ticonderoga, [39];
  • state of settlements in, [44], note;
  • critical situation of after the fall of Ticonderoga, [57].
• St. John's, Fort, position of, [16];
  • surprised there, [48];
  • retreats to Bennington, [51];
  • posted at Manchester, [57];
  • his Green Mountain Boys, [57];
  • Stark calls on him for assistance, [77];
  • gets to Bennington in time, [81];
  • attacks Breyman, [84].
• St. Leger, Barry, combination with Burgoyne, [13];
  • his views how to retard Burgoyne's march, [73];
  • sends Lincoln to carry them out, [74];
  • his policy vindicated, [85];
  • efforts to strengthen the northern army, [95], [96];
  • considerate treatment of Schuyler, [96].
• Schuyler, Philip, at Fort Edward, [51];
• Second Battle of Freeman's Farm, [120-122].
• Skenesborough taken by Americans, [17];
• Stark, John, appointed to sole command over New Hampshire militia, [74];
• Stillwater, position of the American army described, [98].
  
• Ticonderoga, position of described, [16];
• Trenton, N. J., victory at, [32], note.
  
• Valcour Island, naval battle at, [22].
• Vermont, people of addressed by Burgoyne, [38];
• 
  
• Warner, Seth, in command at Hubbardton, [47]; [55], note;
• Washington, George, sets about retrieving the disaster at Ticonderoga, [60];

Transcriber's Note