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[1]. 2 Chron. ii. 16; Ezra iii. 7.
[2]. Jonah i. 3.
[3]. Acts ix. 36-43; x. 1-18.
[4]. Acts x. 6.
[5]. Isa. xxxv. 2.
[6]. Ibid. xxxiii. 9.
[7]. Ibid. lxv. 10.
[8]. Cant. ii. 1.
[9]. The name of one of these hamlets, passed soon after leaving Jaffa, reminds us that we are in the old Philistine territory—Beit Dejan = Beth Dagon, i.e., the house of Dagon, 1 Sam. v. 2.
[10]. Isa. vi. 11-13. Jer. iv. 7; ix. 11; xxvi. 9; xxxiii. 10; xxxiv. 22; etc. etc.
[11]. 1 Chron. viii. 12. Ezra ii. 33. Neh. xi. 35. Acts ix. 32-39.
[12]. 1 Sam. vi. 12, 13.
[13]. Luke xxiv. 13-35.
[14]. Joshua ix. 3-15.
[15]. Ibid. x. 6, 7.
[16]. Joshua x. 8-27. See Stanley’s ‘Sinai and Palestine,’ pp. 208-212.
[17]. Ibid. ix. 17.
[18]. Ibid. ix. 17; xv. 9, 60; xviii. 14, 15, 28.
[19]. 1 Sam. vi. 21; vii. 1, 2. 1 Chron. xiii. 5. Psalm cxxxii. 6.
[20]. 1 Sam. xvii.
[21]. Luke xxiv. 13-33.
[22]. Gen. xxxv. 16-20.
[23]. Gen. xlviii. 7.
[24]. Eccles. ii. 4-6.
[25]. The soil which looks so utterly and hopelessly barren is not so in reality. To an English eye the attempt to cultivate these hill-sides would appear almost madness. But the result of my inquiries was, that under proper tillage the soil is very fertile. The reply of several peasants when questioned was, “If we had people to till the ground, and a government that would let us live, we could grow anything.”
[26]. Num. xiii. 23-27.
[27]. Gen. xlix. 11, 12.
[28]. Isa. v. 1, 2.
[29]. Matt. xxi. 33. Mark xii. 1. Luke xx. 9.
[30]. Num. xiii. 22.
[31]. Joshua xxi. 11.
[32]. 2 Chron. xx. 7. Isa. xli. 8. James ii. 23.
[33]. Gen. xiii. 18.
[34]. Gen. xiv. 14.
[35]. Ibid. xviii. 1, 2.
[36]. Ibid. ver. 16.
[37]. Ibid. ver. 33.
[38]. Ibid. xix. 27, 28.
[39]. Ibid. xxiii. 2-20.
[40]. Gen. xxv. 8, 9.
[41]. Ibid. xxxv. 27-29.
[42]. Ibid. xxxvii. 1-14.
[43]. Ibid. xlix. 31.
[44]. Ibid. xlix. 29-33.
[45]. Ibid. l. 1-13. It will be observed that the historian lays special stress upon the embalmment. “And Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father: and the physicians embalmed Israel. And forty days were fulfilled for him; for so are fulfilled the days of those which are embalmed.”
[46]. Num. xiii. 22.
[47]. Ibid. xiii. 33; xiv. 6-24; xxxii. 12. Joshua xiv. 6-15; xv. 13.
[48]. 2 Sam. ii. 2-11. 1 Kings ii. 11. 1 Chron. iii. 1-4.
[49]. 2 Sam. iii. 22, 39.
[50]. 2 Sam. iv. 12.
[51]. 2 Sam. xv. 10.
[52]. Matt. ii. 14.
[53]. We learn from Gen. l. 25, 26, Exod. xiii. 19, and Joshua xxiv. 32, that Joseph gave strict commands to his descendants that his body should be carried back into Canaan, that it was embalmed and placed in a coffin, that in the confusion of the flight out of Egypt his dying injunction was not forgotten, and that the bones of Joseph, which the children of Israel brought up out of Egypt, buried they in Shechem, in a parcel of ground which Jacob bought of the sons of Hamor (Gen. xxxiii. 19). The Mohammedan tradition is that the mummy was afterwards removed to Machpelah. The ambiguous statement of Stephen (Acts vi. 16) seems to imply that though buried at Shechem he was yet laid in the sepulchre with Abraham. A passage in Josephus (Ant. ii. 8, 2) may bear the same meaning; and the spot pointed out as that of Joseph’s tomb is in perfect accordance with this view, it being detached from that of the others at one corner of the mosque, as though the wall had been broken through at a later period than the previous interments, and after the main entrance into the cave had been finally closed up.
[54]. Gen. xxiii. 17.
[55]. Gen. xviii. 1-8.
[56]. Ibid. xix. 28.
[57]. Psa. xlvi. 4. It has been conjectured that the reference in the text is to the bringing of this very stream to Jerusalem. A river, in the common sense of the term, there could never have been in or near the city.
[58]. Psa. lxv. 12, 13.
[59]. The name Bethlehem—the house of bread—is probably a translation of the older name Ephrath, or Ephratah—the fruitful. The modern name, Beit-lahm—the house of flesh—is an Arabic reproduction of the sound and meaning.
[60]. Judges xvii. xix.
[61]. Ruth i. 20, 21.
[62]. Ruth iv. 1.
[63]. Ibid. ii. 4.
[64]. Ibid. ii. 14.
[65]. Ibid. ii. 17; iii. 15.
[66]. Ibid. iii. 7.
[67]. Ibid. iv. 1-11.
[68]. Ibid. iv. 11, 12.
[69]. 1 Sam. xvii. 12.
[70]. Ibid. xvi. 11; xvii. 28.
[71]. Ibid. xvi. 12 (see margin); xvii. 42.
[72]. Ibid. xvi. 18.
[73]. Ibid. ver. 23.
[74]. 1 Sam. xvii. 34-37.
[75]. Ps. cxliv. 1.
[76]. 1 Sam. xvi. 7.
[77]. 1 Sam. xxii. 3, 4.
[78]. Ibid. ver. 1.
[79]. 1 Chron. xi. 16-19.
[80]. 1 Sam. xxvi. 20. We saw and heard large numbers of the desert partridge, with its reddish legs and beak, and its sides striped with white, black, and brown, on these very mountains.
[81]. 2 Sam. xvii. 27-29.
[82]. 2 Sam. xix. 31-40.
[83]. 1 Kings ii. 7. That this involved admission into the family seems to be implied. See 2 Sam. ix. 11.—“As for Mephibosheth, said the king, he shall eat at my table as one of the king’s sons.”
[84]. Jer. xli. 17.
[85]. Hepworth Dixon, in his ‘Holy Land,’ endeavours to carry the argument a step further, and to show, by a comparison of the phraseology in the books of Ruth and of Jeremiah, that it was erected on or close to the house of Boaz. His arguments are not without weight, but they are far from being conclusive.
[86]. Micah v. 2. Matt. ii. 5, 6. John vii. 42.
[87]. ‘Comparative Geography of Palestine.’ By Carl Ritter. Vol. iii., p. 339.
[88]. Ezek. xlvii. 1-12. Compare Rev. xxii. 1, 2: where the symbolism of the Old Testament is adopted in the New, but lifted up into a higher sphere with the promise of yet diviner blessings.
[89]. Isa. xxxii. 15, 17.
[90]. Jer. xlix. 19; l. 44.
[91]. In a few rare and exceptional cases living organisms are alleged to have been found in the Dead Sea. In every case, however, it has been near the mouth of Jordan, the impetuous torrent of which, after heavy rains, penetrates into the sea for some distance without mingling with its waters.
[92]. Song of Sol. i. 14.
[93]. Gen. xiv.
[94]. Num. xxiv. 21, 22.
[95]. 1 Sam. xxiii. 29; xxiv.
[96]. Gen. xiii. 10.
[97]. 2 Peter ii. 8.
[98]. Gen. xiv. 10. Compare Gen. xi. 3.
[99]. It is impossible here to enter into a full discussion of this question. The student is referred to the works of Canon Tristram, and to the articles by Mr. Grove in Smith’s ‘Bible Dictionary.’
[100]. The full meaning of this statement will be perceived when it is remembered that sea-water contains less than four per cent. of salts, and more than ninety-six per cent. of pure water.
[101]. Gen. xiii. 10.
[102]. 2 Kings vi. 2-5.
[103]. Ibid. v. 12.
[104]. Lieutenant Lynch enumerates twenty-seven, of great violence, between the Lake of Tiberias and the Dead Sea.
[105]. From these the prophets often deduced lessons of warning for the impenitent. Thus Jeremiah says, “If in the land of peace, wherein thou trustedst, they wearied thee, then how wilt thou do in the swellings of Jordan?” Jer. xii. 5.
[106]. Joshua iv.; v.
[107]. Ibid. xviii. 1.
[108]. 1 Sam. x. 8.
[109]. Ibid. xi. 15.
[110]. 2 Sam. xix. 15.
[111]. See the various references to Gilgal in the Books of the Kings.
[112]. Hosea iv. 15; ix. 15; xii. 11. Amos iv. 4; v. 5.
[113]. Heb. iii. 12.
[114]. Deut. xxxiv. 3; Judges i. 16; iii. 13. 2 Chron. xxviii. 15.
[115]. Joshua vi. 26. After the lapse of five centuries the curse was fulfilled, 1 Kings xvi. 34.
[116]. Num. xxxii. 1. Deut. xxxii. 14. Ps. xxii. 12. Ezek. xxxix. 18. Zech. xi. 2.
[117]. Num. xxii-xxiv.
[118]. Deut. xxxiv. 7.
[119]. Ibid. verses 1-3.
[120]. Deut. xxxiv. 5, 6.
[121]. It is significant that these are the tribes to whom possessions had already been allotted east of the Jordan (Num. xxxii. 20-28). The selection was probably made either to prove their fidelity, or because they were free from encumbrances, their families and possessions being left in their newly-acquired territory.
[122]. Exod. xiv. 21.
[123]. Joshua iii. 16. In the great earthquake of 1837 this did happen to many of the rivers of Northern Syria.
[124]. Joshua vi. Heb. xi. 30, 31. Matt. i. 5. An interesting article on Rahab in Smith’s ‘Bible Dictionary’ suggests reasons for believing that Salmon, who became her husband, was one of the spies whose lives she saved, and who, with herself, became an ancestor of our Lord.
[125]. Joshua vii.; viii.
[126]. 2 Kings ii. 1-11. Luke ix. 30, 31.
[127]. 2 Kings ii. 12-14.
[128]. Ibid. 19-22.
[129]. 2 Kings ii. 22.
[130]. Matt. xix. 1, 2. Mark x. 1.
[131]. Luke xviii. 35-43; xix. 1-28.
[132]. 1 Kings xvii. 1-7.
[133]. Joshua vii.
[134]. See, however, an interesting note by the late Dr. Deutsch in Dixon’s ‘Holy Land,’ in which it is maintained that Bethany meant not, as is commonly supposed, “the house of dates” but “the house of poverty.” He fails, however, to take note of the fact that as we have a Mount of Olives, a house of figs (Bethphage), and a house of bread (Bethlehem), so we might naturally have a house of dates in the same locality.
[135]. John xi. 25.
[136]. Luke xix. 42.
[137]. Luke xxii. 39.
[138]. 2 Sam. xv. 30.
[139]. The etymology of the word Jerusalem is much disputed. “The vision of peace,” “the inheritance of peace,” “the foundation of peace,” all have their advocates. Others understand it as compounded of Jebus-salem, i.e., Salem of the Jebusites. Throughout the Moslem world it is now known as El-Kuds, the holy city, or as El Kuds esh Shereef, the holy, noble city. Herodotus is thought to have referred to it as Cadytis. In this case, as in so many others throughout Palestine, the modern Arabic name is simply a return to a more ancient one.
[140]. Joshua x. 1.
[141]. 2 Sam. v. 6-8. 1 Chron. xi. 4-6.
[142]. 2 Sam. v. 9. 1 Kings x. 27.
[143]. Matt. xxvi. 3.
[144]. The close proximity of the Pool of Hezekiah affords a strong incidental proof that the site of the church must always have been inside the walls. It is most improbable that this vast cistern should have been outside for the use of the besiegers, or that the wall should have included the pool and excluded the church.
[145]. John xviii. 28.
[146]. Ibid. xix. 3.
[147]. Heb. xiii. 11, 12.
[148]. Matt. xxvii. 51; Mark xv. 38; Luke xxiii. 45; Heb. x. 19, 20.
[149]. Matt. xxvii. 39, 40; Mark xv. 29, 30. See a clear statement of the foregoing argument in a letter by Dr. Hutchinson in the ‘Quarterly Journal of the Palestine Exploration Fund’ for July, 1873; and in a valuable work, ‘Horeb and Sinai,’ by the Rev. G. Sandie.
[150]. Mark xiii. 1, 2.
[151]. Acts iii. 1-11.
[152]. 1 Kings x. 4, 5.
[153]. If we adopt Mr. Fergusson’s theory as to the site of the Temple, a line running through the Altar and the Holy of Holies would cut the middle of the Wailing Place.
[154]. Matt. xxvii. 25.
[155]. John v. 1-9.
[156]. Psa. lxxxiv. 2, 3.
[157]. So Dean Stanley. It is difficult to compare objects so entirely dissimilar. For my own part I should be disposed to give the preference to the Mosque of Omar.
[158]. John vii. 37, 38. It has been often said that the main reservoir was immediately beneath the Altar of Burnt Offering. This, though probable, cannot be affirmed absolutely in our present uncertainty as to where the altar really stood.
[159]. 2 Sam. xxiv. 18-25. 2 Chron. iii. 1.
[160]. The late Emmanuel Deutsch told me that he had found one reference to it in the Talmud; but his lamented death prevented his giving me further information on the subject.
[161]. John iv. 9-23.
[162]. The way in which ecclesiastical legends are invented is curiously illustrated by the fact that the Greeks and Armenians have recently constructed rival Gethsemanes of their own, this one being in possession of the Latins.
[163]. John xviii. 3.
[164]. Matt. xxiii. 35.
[165]. 2 Sam. xviii. 18.
[166]. 1 Kings xi. 4-8.
[167]. Matt. xxvii. 7.
[168]. Mark xvi. 3, 4. Luke xxiv. 2.
[169]. Gen. xlix. 27.
[170]. Deut. xxxiii. 12.
[171]. Ps. lxviii. 27.
[172]. Phil. iii. 5.
[173]. Isa. x. 28-34.
[174]. 1 Sam. vii. 5-16; x. 17-24.
[175]. Joshua ix. 17.
[176]. Luke ii. 42-50.
[177]. Gen. xii. 8.
[178]. Gen. xiii.
[179]. 1 Kings xii. 26-33; xiii. 1-5.
[180]. Gen. xxviii. 10-19.
[181]. Rev. vi. 13.
[182]. Matt. xxi. 18, 19. Mark xi. 12-14.
[183]. Luke xiii. 6-9.
[184]. Judges xxi. 19.
[185]. Judges xxi. verses 15-23.
[186]. 1 Sam. i.-iii.
[187]. Psa. lxxviii. 60. Jer. vii. 12; xxvi. 6.
[188]. Gen. xii. 4-7.
[189]. Ibid. xxxiii. 18-20.
[190]. Gen. l. 25-26. Joshua xxiv. 32.
[191]. Deut. xi. 29-30; xxvii. 12-13. Joshua viii. 33.
[192]. Judges ix. 7-20.
[193]. 1 Kings xii. 1. 2 Chron. x. 1.
[194]. 1 Kings xii. 25.
[195]. John iv.
[196]. Van de Velde, i. 386, 388.
[197]. Dr. Porter illustrates this by the fact that the people of Damascus fetch water from a well more than a mile distant from the city, though every house has its own reservoir, and fountains are abundant.
[198]. See Smith’s ‘Dictionary of the Bible,’ under the words Ebal and Gerizim.
[199]. Neh. xiii. 28.
[200]. Exod. xxvi. 15-25.
[201]. Num. ii. 11-27.
[202]. Exod. xxv. 10-22.
[203]. Ibid. xl. 22-25.
[204]. Ibid. xxv. 29; xxxvii. 16.
[205]. Ibid. xl. 12, 30.
[206]. Ibid. xxvii. 1-8.
[207]. Rev. viii. 3.
[208]. Exod. xxxviii. 3.
[209]. 1 Kings xvi. 23-24.
[210]. 1 Kings xx. 2 Kings vi. 24-vii. 20.
[211]. 1 Kings xxi. 1-19; xxii. 34-31. It is, however, doubtful whether Jezreel was not the scene of the double tragedy.
[212]. Matt. xiv. 12. Mark vi. 29.
[213]. Acts viii. 1-25.
[214]. Micah i. 6. Isa. xxviii. 1, 2. Hosea xiii. 16.
[215]. Gen. xvi. 12.
[216]. Acts viii. 40; ix. 30; x. 1, 24; xi. 11; xii. 19; xviii. 22; xxi. 8, 16; xxiii. 23, 33; xvi., xxv., xxvi.
[217]. 1 Kings xiv. 17; xv. 21; xvi. 6, 8, 15, 23. Cant. vi. 4.
[218]. Judges ix. 50. 2 Sam. xi. 21.
[219]. Gen. xxxvii. 12-28.
[220]. 2 Kings vi. 8-18.
[221]. Ps. xxxiv. 7.
[222]. The description of the flight of “Ahaziah, king of Judah,” and his pursuit by Jehu, in 2 Kings ix. 27, is wrongly translated in our version. Instead of “by the way of the garden-house,” it should be “by the way of En-gannim.” A glance at the map will show that he was endeavouring to escape into his own country by the direct route along which we have been travelling.
[223]. Cant. i. 10.
[224]. This explains the use of the word in Hosea ii. 22.
[225]. The references are too numerous to be given in detail. They extend from 1 Kings xvi. 29 to xxii. 40, and 2 Kings x.
[226]. A friend of mine who had crossed it dry-shod in the morning, when riding from Haifa to visit El-Muhrakah, was exposed to considerable danger when endeavouring to recross it in the afternoon, and narrowly escaped being swept away.
[227]. Judges iv.; v.
[228]. Judges vi., vii., viii.
[229]. 1 Sam. xxviii., xxxi. 2 Sam. i.
[230]. 2 Chron. xxxv. 22-25.
[231]. It is, however, possible that Mukatta may be a corruption of Megiddo.
[232]. 1 Kings xviii. In common with all recent writers on this subject, I must confess my obligations to Dean Stanley’s invaluable summary of the historical associations of the Plain of Esdraelon, in his ‘Sinai and Palestine,’ pp. 335-357.
[233]. Rev. xvi. 12-21.
[234]. Judges v. 23. 1 Kings xviii. 21.
[235]. Joshua xx. 7. 1 Kings ix. 11.
[236]. Deut. xxxiii. 18-24.
[237]. 2 Kings iv. 8-37.
[238]. 1 Sam. xxviii. 3-25.
[239]. Luke vii. 1-15.
[240]. Luke iv. 28-29.
[241]. Luke iv. 29. The translation is slightly altered, so as to bring it into closer agreement with the original.
[242]. Ps. lxv. 12, 13.
[243]. Matt. xxv. 32.
[244]. Ps. xlix. 14.
[245]. Luke ii. 40, 52.
[246]. John xxi. 2.
[247]. John ii. 1-11. See also John iv. 46-54 for an account of a second miracle wrought here.
[248]. Bell. Jud. x. § 8.
[249]. Matt. iv. 13; ix. 1.
[250]. Ibid. iv. 18-22; ix. 9.
[251]. Ibid. ix., xi. 20-24. Luke x. 13-15.
[252]. Matt. v., vii., xiii. Mark iv. John vi. 24-71.
[253]. Matt. viii. 23-27; xiv. 25. Mark iv. 37-41; vi. 48. Luke viii. 23-25. John vi. 19.
[254]. Matt. xiv. 15-21; xv. 32-39.
[255]. John xxi.
[256]. Num. xxxiv. 11. Deut. iii. 17. Joshua xi. 2. 1 Kings xv. 20.
[257]. John xi. 1; xxi. 1.
[258]. Matt. xv. 32-39.
[259]. Matt. xxvii. 56-61; xxviii. 1. Mark xv. 40; xvi. 1-11. Luke viii. 2, 3; xxiv. 10. John xix. 25; xx. 1-18.
[260]. Matt. xiii. 3-9.
[261]. Ibid. vi. 28-29.
[262]. John xxi. 7. Matt. xiii. 47, 48.
[263]. Matt. viii. 23-25. Mark iv. 35-39. Luke viii. 22-25. John xxi. 7, 8.
[264]. Matt. iv. 18-22. Mark i. 16-21.
[265]. Matt. v. 14.
[266]. Matt. viii. 28-32. Mark v. 1-13. Luke viii. 26-33.
[267]. Mark i. 21-27; iii. 1-5. Luke iv. 31-36.
[268]. Luke vii, 1-5. The definite article is omitted in our version.
[269]. ‘The Recovery of Jerusalem,’ p. 345. Published by the Palestine Exploration Fund.
[270]. Lev. xxvi. 31-34. ‘Handbook for Syria and Palestine,’ vol. ii. p. 434.
[271]. Acts ix. 1-3.
[272]. Joshua xi.
[273]. Chapter xviii.
[274]. Joshua xi. 17.
[275]. Matthew xvi. 13-28; xvii. 1-13. Mark ix. 2-13. Luke ix. 28-36.
[276]. Luke ix. 51.
[277]. Luke ix. 31.
[278]. ‘Early Travels in Palestine.’ Edited by Wright, pp. 127-28.
[279]. ‘The Life of Jesus,’ by Renan, pp. 30, 31.
Transcriber's Notes
This book uses inconsistent spelling and hyphenation which were not corrected or normalized by the transcriber except where indicated below.
Some corrections were made to the printed text. In particular, punctuation was corrected; the spelling of index entries was corrected to match the spelling in the main text; index page numbers were added where missing. Although no effort was made to check all page number references in the index, when incorrect references were found, they were corrected by the transcriber.
The printed book did not have an anchor in the text for [footnote 13]; its location was assumed.
Finally, the following spelling corrections were made:
p. [22] Jesusalem -> Jerusalem
p. [120] easternwall -> eastern wall
p. [123] condemmed -> condemned
p. [124] rememberance -> remembrance
p. [133] indentified -> identified