SPECIFICATIONS

For Grading and Paving, or Repaving

with.. ........ ........ .............. .... Pavement

on a... ......... .......... ...... Foundation, the Roadway

of..... ........ ........... ............ . ............

Street, from...... .......... ............. .............

to. ....... ....... ........... ............ ........

together with work incidental thereto.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF WORK

The work embraced in and to be done under this contract consists of grading the entire street from curb to curb between the limits named, including the removal or readjustment of the pavement now on the roadway, setting and resetting curbing, laying or relaying sidewalks where required, furnishing all new material and performing all the labor required for paving the roadway, together with all incidental work necessary to complete the whole in a proper manner, in accordance with the contract, the plans on file in the office of the City Engineer, these Specifications and the instructions of the City Engineer, herein referred to as the Engineer, or his authorized agents.

REFERENCES

The numbered divisions of these specifications are herein designated as “sections,” each being referred to by the number standing at its beginning. Where reference is herein made to any such section number it shall be considered equivalent to a quotation of that section.

The plans and drawings relating to this work, on file in the office of the City Engineer are designated as ...

1. Authority.—Wherever, in these specifications, the words, the City, are used, they shall be understood to refer to the duly constituted municipal government of the city of ... or its authorized agents, acting within the authority specifically conferred upon them by the said municipal government.[[1]]

Wherever, in these specifications, the words, the Engineer, shall be used, they shall be understood to refer to the City Engineer of said city, or his deputies or assistants, acting within the authority conferred upon them by the City Engineer.

But no agent of the city shall have power to revoke, alter, enlarge or relax the stipulations or requirements of these specifications, except in so far as such authority may be specifically conferred in or by the specifications themselves, without the formal authorization so to do, conferred by the contract of which these specifications are a part, or by ordinance, resolution or other usual official action of the city.[[2]]

2. Interpretation.—In case of any actual or alleged disagreement or discrepancy between the contract, these specifications, and the plans for the work on file in the office of the Engineer, the language and provisions of the contract shall take precedence and prevail; and the Engineer shall determine in each case whether the specifications or the plans shall be followed.

3. The Engineer shall have the right to make such changes in the plans and specifications of the work as he may deem necessary or desirable or to provide for unexpected conditions or contingencies that may develop at any time after the signing of the contract, or during the progress, or before the final acceptance of the work; provided that all such changes do not involve an aggregate increase or decrease in the cost of the work, as shown by his estimates, of more than ten (10) per cent. The contractor shall accept such changes when made, as a part of the original contract and specifications, subject to all the provisions and conditions thereof. But before any such changes shall become valid and before the contractor shall begin the particular work involved in such changes, the increased or decreased cost of the work by reason of such changes, above or below what it would have been under the original plans and specifications, shall be agreed upon in writing between the engineer and the contractor. And when the whole work, including such changes, shall have been completed and accepted by the engineer, the sum or sums so agreed upon shall be added to or deducted from the sum that would have been due the contractor if no such changes had been made.

4. Quality of Material and Work.—The judgment and decision of the Engineer as to whether the materials supplied and the work done under this contract comply with the requirements of these specifications, shall be conclusive and final. No material shall be used in the work until it has been examined and approved by the Engineer, or his authorized agents. All rejected material must be promptly removed from the work and replaced with that which is acceptable to the Engineer, and all improper or defective work must be corrected, and, if necessary, removed and reconstructed so as to comply with these specifications and the instructions of the Engineer.

In all matters of detail not specifically covered by the specifications the work shall be well and skillfully done in accordance with the best trade or art customs and standards for work of like character and purpose.

5. Inspection.—The Engineer may provide for the inspection, by assistants and inspectors under his direction, of all materials used and all work done under this contract. Such inspection may extend to all or any part of the work, and to the preparation or manufacture of materials to be used, whether within the limits of the work on the street, or at any other place. The Engineer and his inspectors shall have free access to all parts of the work, including mines, quarries, manufactories, or other places where any part of the materials to be used is procured, manufactured or prepared. The Contractor shall furnish the Engineer all information relating to the work and the material therefor which the Engineer may deem necessary or pertinent, and with such samples of materials as may be required. The Contractor shall, at his expense, supply inspectors with such labor and assistance as may be necessary in the handling of materials for proper inspection. Inspectors shall have authority to reject defective material and to suspend any work that is being improperly done, subject to the final decision of the Engineer. Inspectors shall have no authority to permit deviations from, or to relax any of the provisions of these specifications without the written permission or instruction of the Engineer; nor to delay the Contractor by failure to inspect materials and work with reasonable promptness.

The payment of any compensation, whatever may be its character or form, or the giving of any gratuity, or the granting of any valuable favor, by the Contractor to any inspector, directly or indirectly, is strictly prohibited, and any such act on the part of the Contractor will constitute a violation of these specifications.[[3]]

6. Injuries to Persons and Property.—The Contractor shall be held alone responsible for all injuries to persons, and for all damages to the property of the city or others, caused by or resulting from the negligence of himself, his employees or agents, during the progress of, or connected with the prosecution of the work, whether within the limits of the work, or elsewhere. He must restore all injured property, including sidewalks, curbing, sodding, pipes, conduits, sewers and other public or private property to a condition as good as it was when he entered upon the work.

7. Sanitary Conveniences; Nuisances.—The Contractor shall provide all necessary privy accommodations for the use of his employees on the street, and shall maintain the same in a clean and sanitary condition. He shall not create nor permit any nuisance to the public or to residents in the vicinity of the work.

8. Public Convenience.—No material, or other obstruction shall be placed within five feet of fire hydrants, which must be at all times readily accessible to the Fire Department.

During the progress of the work the convenience of the public and of the residents along the street must be provided for as far as practicable. Convenient access to driveways, houses and buildings along the street must be maintained wherever possible. Temporary approaches to and crossings of intersecting streets and sidewalks must be provided and kept in good condition, wherever practicable.

9. Barriers, Lights, Watchmen.—The Contractor shall provide and maintain such fences, barriers, “street closed” signs, red lights, and watchmen as may be necessary to prevent avoidable accidents to residents and to the public.

10. Disorderly Employees.—Disorderly, intemperate, or incompetent persons must not be employed, retained, or allowed upon the work. Foremen or workmen who neglect or refuse to comply with the instructions of the Engineer, shall, at his request, be promptly discharged, and shall not thereafter be re-employed without his consent.

11. Order and Progress of Doing Work.—The work under this contract shall be prosecuted at as many different points, at such times, and in such sections along the line of the work, and with such forces as the Engineer may from time to time deem necessary, and direct, to secure its completion within the contract time. Not more than one thousand (1,000) linear feet of the street shall be torn up, obstructed or closed to travel at any one time without the written permission of the Engineer. Completed portions of the pavement shall be opened to travel as directed by the Engineer, but such opening shall not be construed as an acceptance by the City of the work done. Where thus opened to public travel by the direction of the Engineer, the Contractor will not be held responsible for injuries to the work caused by such travel or public use, pending the final completion and acceptance of the whole work.

12. Grade and Contour of Pavement.—Roadway pavements shall be laid to such grades, crown and contour of surface as the plans may show or the Engineer may direct, and the surface of the completed pavement shall conform accurately to such grades, crown and contour. The designed surface of the completed pavement shall be considered as the datum or plane of reference in fixing the location or level of the sub-grade, of the pavement foundation, and of structures connected therewith. It will be hereafter referred to in these specifications as “The pavement datum.”

13. City Monuments or Stakes.—The Contractor must carefully protect from disturbance or injury all city monuments, stakes and benchmarks, and shall not excavate nearer than five feet to any of them without the permission of the Engineer; or until they have been removed, witnessed, or otherwise disposed of by the Engineer.

14. Old Material.—All material or structures removed from the street and not required for the new construction, but which the city may desire to reserve, shall be delivered and neatly piled up in a corporation yard or elsewhere, by the Contractor, as the Engineer may direct. Such reserved material shall be considered in the custody of the Contractor until delivered at the place designated, and he will be held responsible for its care and protection, and must make good any losses occasioned by damage, theft, or misappropriation while it is on the street or en route to the place of storage. If the Contractor shall be required to haul such reserved material more than one-half mile, he shall be paid a reasonable price, to be agreed upon in advance, for the haul exceeding that distance.

Material taken from the work which is to be used in the new construction shall be compactly piled where it will least obstruct the sidewalks or adjoining sections of the street, and properly protected by the Contractor until it is required for use.

All old material removed from the work, including the material excavated in preparing the sub-grade, not reserved by the City nor to be used again in the work, shall belong to the Contractor and must be removed by him from the street as promptly as possible. It must not be placed on the sidewalks or adjacent streets, nor on any other street or property belonging to the City, nor on the property of private owners, without the written consent of the Engineer, or the owner of the property.

15. Storage of New Material.—The material for construction when brought upon the street shall be neatly piled so as to cause as little obstruction to travel as possible, and so that it may be conveniently inspected.

16. Rebuilding and Adjusting Street Structures.—Catch basins, manhole, sewer and water frames and covers, sewer inlets, water pipes and other conduits, belonging to the City and within the limits of the work, shall, if necessary, be reset to the new lines and grades of the street and for this purpose good brick masonry of the original thickness, laid in Portland cement mortar shall be used. Great care must be taken to set all such structures as project through the pavement exactly to the grade and contour of the new street surface, and any defects in the conformity of such structures to the pavement datum, discovered at the time, or during the progress of the work, or during the guaranty period, stipulated in Sec. 25 shall be promptly remedied by the Contractor.

17. Clean Sidewalks.—During the progress of the work, the sidewalks and portions of the street adjoining the work, or in its vicinity, must not be obstructed or littered more than may be absolutely necessary, and the adjacent sidewalks must be kept clean.

18. Connection With Existing Pavements or Streets.—Wherever a new pavement joins or abuts against an existing pavement of a different kind, or an unpaved street, either at the end of the new pavement or at cross or intersecting streets, a line of stone headers shall be provided and set. The stone shall be of sound, hard limestone, sandstone, granite or bluestone, free from injurious imperfections. The separate stones shall be not less than three (3) feet long, at least eighteen (18) inches deep, not less than four and one-half (4½) inches wide at the top, nor less than three (3) inches wide at the bottom. The top shall be of uniform width for each line of headers, and shall be dressed square and even. The ends shall be dressed to secure a joint not wider than one-half (½) inch for a depth of six inches from the top, and the sides dressed so as to secure good contact and close jointing with the pavement. The stones shall be set accurately with their tops at the pavement datum, on a bed of concrete nine (9) inches wide and six (6) inches deep, and after being set the trench shall be filled and rammed full of gravel or crushed stone.

All existing pavements adjoining or abutting against the new pavement, with their crosswalks, curbs, and gutters, shall be adjusted, or taken up and relaid, to conform to and connect with the pavement datum, to such an extent as the Engineer may direct.

Where the new and adjoining pavement are of the same kind, and headers are not used, the new and the old pavement must be properly joined and connected, as the Engineer may direct.

Stone headers will be paid for by the linear foot at the contract price for that item, and the other work embraced in this section will be paid for at the contract prices for the several items, where such contract prices are provided; otherwise the work shall be considered as incidental work and shall be done at the expense of the Contractor.

19. Curbing to be Completed in Advance.—The setting of all new curbing and guttering and the redressing, resetting or readjustment of all old curbing must be completed at least 100 feet in advance of the construction of the street foundation.

20. Final Cleaning Up.—Immediately after the completion of the work or any consecutive portion of it, the Contractor shall remove from it all unused material, refuse and dirt placed by him on, or in the vicinity of the work, or resulting from its prosecution, and restore the street to a condition as clean as before the work was begun; and the new pavement shall be properly cleaned.

21. Measurements and Computations.—Unless otherwise distinctly provided in the contract and specifications, measurements, computations and payments will be based upon the actual quantities of completed work, customary or conventional methods of measurement and computation to the contrary notwithstanding.

The area of street pavement shall be reckoned in square yards of completed pavement surface, deducting manholes, inlets and other openings in the surface of the pavement having an area of over three (3) square feet. Unless separately paid for under the contract, stone headers and crosswalks will be measured as a part of the pavement surface.

22. The price for the pavement per square yard shall, unless otherwise stated herein, include the preparation of the sub-foundation, the construction of the foundation, the cushion course, and the pavement complete, including all the materials and labor required therefor.

23. Incidental Work at Contractor’s Expense.—All the work to be done by the Contractor for which specific unit prices are not named in the contract, specified and enumerated in Sections 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20, as well as any minor details of work not specifically mentioned in the specifications, but obviously necessary for the proper completion of the work, shall be considered as incidental, and as being a part of and included with the work for which prices are named in the contract. The Contractor will not be entitled to any extra or additional compensation therefor.

24. Extra Work.—The City may require the Contractor to furnish such additional materials and to do such additional work, not provided for in the contract and these specifications, but which may be found necessary or pertinent to the proper prosecution and completion of the work embraced in the contract, at prices to be agreed upon in writing, in advance. But no work other than that included in the contract and these specifications and which is covered by and to be paid for at the prices named in the contract, shall be done by the Contractor except upon a written order from the Engineer, which order shall describe the work to be done and name the compensation agreed upon therefor. In the absence of such written order from the Engineer the Contractor will not be entitled to payment for any such additional or extra work.

In the same manner the city may omit or dispense with items or parts of the work, by previous agreement with the contractor, and a like written order by the engineer. But such additions, omissions or alterations shall not together increase or decrease the aggregate cost of the whole work more than fifteen per cent. (15%). Any changes in the plans, specifications, character of material used or method of doing the work that may increase or decrease the aggregate cost of the work more than fifteen per cent. (15%) may be authorized and validated only by a formal, supplemental contract, regularly executed by all the parties to the original contract.[[4]]

25. Guaranty.[[5]]—The Contractor shall guarantee that all the materials used and all the work done under this contract shall fully comply with the requirements of these specifications, the plans herein before referred to and the instructions of the Engineer. Any defects in the completed work, or any part of it, or any failure of the work to fully perform or endure the service for which it was intended, which, in the opinion of the Engineer, are attributable to the use of materials, skill, or workmanship not in compliance with the said specifications, plans and instructions, within a period of ... years after the date of the certificate of completion and acceptance, shall be regarded as prima facie and conclusive evidence that the Contractor has failed to comply with the said specifications, plans and instructions. And the Contractor shall, at his own expense, at such time and in such manner as the Engineer may direct, repair or take up and reconstruct any such defective work, in full compliance with the original specifications, plans and instructions. And as surety for the performance of this guaranty the Contractor’s bond, required by the contract, shall remain in full force until the expiration of the period of ... years above stipulated in this section.

PREPARING THE SUB-GRADE

26. Grading.—The whole area to be occupied by the pavement and its foundation shall be excavated or filled up to a sub-grade at such an elevation that after being compacted by the roller, the surface will be ... inches below the pavement datum, and truly parallel thereto. In excavating, the earth must not be disturbed below the sub-grade. Plowing will not be permitted where the depth of earth to be removed is less than five (5) inches, and in no case must the plow be allowed to penetrate to within less than one inch of the sub-grade. Places that are found to be loose, or soft, or composed of unsuitable material, below sub-grade, must be dug out and refilled with sand, or other material as good as the average of that found on the street.

Where the natural surface of the ground shall be below the sub-grade, or shall become so by the removal of old pavement or other structures, it must be filled to the sub-grade in layers not exceeding five inches in depth, and each layer shall be thoroughly rolled or rammed before the next layer is placed upon it, and when the filling is completed the filled area must be properly trimmed and compacted by rolling or ramming to the true sub-grade, as in excavation. The material excavated from the street may be used for such filling, provided it be of suitable quality. Where it cannot be thus procured from the street it must be obtained by the Contractor elsewhere, in which case the actual quantity so obtained, measured after it is compacted in the street, will be paid for at the contract price for “earth filling.” The price bid for “earth excavation” will be paid for all material excavated above the sub-grade, measured in place on the street, which price includes the cost of disposing of the excavated material, whether as waste or filling, and of trimming and rolling or ramming the sub-grade, and of making it ready for the pavement foundation.

After the excavation is completed and the surface neatly trimmed, the whole area shall be well compacted by rolling with a roller weighing not less than five tons. Areas inaccessible to the roller shall be rammed until they are as well compacted as the rolled surface. When the rolling is completed the surface must be nowhere more than three-fourths inch below, nor more than three-eighths inch above the true sub-grade. If, after the rolling is completed and before the pavement foundation is laid, the surface shall become disturbed in any way, it must be replaced and properly compacted.

Where the soil composing the sub-foundation is found to be wet or “springy,” a system of soft tile drains, discharging into the street drainage system, shall be constructed by the Contractor, as directed by the Engineer. The tile shall be laid in trenches about one foot wide and from one to two feet deep. After the tile is in place the trenches shall be filled with crushed stone or gravel, well compacted by tamping. The tile will be paid for per linear foot at the contract price for the same, which price shall include the cost of excavating and refilling the trenches with crushed stone.

PAVEMENT FOUNDATION

27. Pavement foundation shall consist of hydraulic concrete, or of old pavement stone relaid, or of broken stone or gravel, as may be herein specified, constructed upon the sub-grade.[[6]]

HYDRAULIC CONCRETE FOUNDATION

28. Concrete.—Concrete shall be composed of Portland cement, sand, broken stone and water.

29. Portland Cement.[[7]]—Portland cement shall be defined as the pulverized product resulting from the calcination to incipient fusion of an intimate mixture of properly proportioned argillaceous and calcareous materials, and to which no addition greater than three per cent. has been made subsequent to calcination.

Specific Gravity.—The specific gravity of the dry cement at a temperature of two hundred and twelve (212) degrees F. shall not be less than 3.10.

Fineness.—It shall be pulverized to such fineness that not more than eight (8) per cent. shall fail to pass a number one hundred (100) sieve and not more than twenty-five (25) per cent. shall fail to pass a number two hundred (200) sieve.

Time of Setting.—At the temperature of sixty (60) degrees F. mortar made of neat cement shall not begin to set in less than thirty (30) minutes, nor set hard in less than one hour, but must set hard within ten (10) hours.

Strength.—When thoroughly mixed dry with clean, sharp, moderately coarse sand, in the ratio by weight of one part cement to three parts of sand, and then made into stiff mortar, briquets made from this mortar and exposed for one day to moist air and immersed in water for the balance of the periods named below, shall develop a tensile strength per square inch not less than the following:

In seven days175 pounds.
In twenty-eight days250 pounds.

Constancy of Volume.—When subjected to standard tests for constancy of volume, the cement shall show no tendency to swell or crack.

Composition.—The cement shall not contain more than one and three-fourths (1.75) per cent. of anhydrous sulphuric acid, nor more than four (4) per cent. of magnesia.

Tests.—Cement tests shall be conducted in accordance with the methods recommended by the “Committee on Uniform Tests of Cement” of the American Society of Civil Engineers.

Conditions.—All cement shall be supplied in original packages with the brand of the manufacturer marked on each package. It shall be protected during transportation from rain and moisture. It shall be delivered upon the work at least ten (10) days (exclusive of Sundays and holidays) before it is to be used, in order to allow of proper inspection, and the contractor shall furnish all necessary facilities for such inspection. Brands of cement without established good reputation, or not heretofore used in the City of ... may be rejected; or they will be accepted only after they satisfactorily pass the 28–day test. Rejected cement must be at once removed from the street.

30. Sand.—Sand for concrete shall be composed of grains not softer than hard limestone. It shall be moderately coarse and preferably made up of grains of varying size producing a mass with low percentage of voids. It shall not contain, in all, more than seven (7) per cent. by volume of clay, loam, mica scales, silt, or other objectionable inorganic matter, nor more than one (1) per cent. of organic matter.

31. Broken Stone.—Broken stone for concrete shall be of hard and sound limestone or other stone equally hard and durable, broken to a roughly cubical form. It shall be screened through efficient revolving screens, and only such fragments as have passed through circular screen openings two and one-half (2½) inches in diameter, shall be used. If the crushed dust and fine fragments be not screened out, the stone must be so handled that the fine material will be evenly distributed through the mass when it reaches the concrete platform or mixer.[[8]]

32. Water.—Water used for concrete shall be fresh, and reasonably clean.

33. Care and Handling of Concrete Material.—Cement must not be allowed to become wet or damp. It shall be stored until used, whether in storehouses or on the street, so that no part of the packages shall be nearer than four (4) inches to the ground or pavement, and shall be effectually covered so that rain cannot reach it. Sand and stone, if stored on the street, shall be on lumber floors.[[9]] The stone shall be thoroughly wetted a sufficient time before being placed in the concrete to allow any surplus water to drain away, but shall remain moist where it reaches the concrete platform or mixer.

34. Ratio of Concrete Materials.—Concrete will be composed of one part Portland cement, ... parts of sand and ... parts of broken stone, and the proper quantity of water, all measured by volume.[[10]] The unit of measurement shall be the barrel of cement which shall be considered as containing four (4) cubic feet. The materials shall each be measured in such manner and with such accuracy that the quantities used will not vary more than seven (7) per cent. from the quantities required in the ratio named above for each batch of concrete.

35. Mixing Concrete.—If mixed by hand, concrete shall be mixed on platforms of iron or wood of sufficient size to admit of proper manipulation of the concrete. The sand shall be first spread evenly over the platform and the cement evenly distributed over the sand. These two materials shall then be mixed dry until a uniform and homogeneous mixture is secured. Sufficient water shall then be added and the mixing resumed and continued until a mortar of uniform consistency and texture is produced and distributed in an even layer over the platform. The stone shall then be distributed over the mortar and mixed therewith until the mortar is evenly distributed through the mass and every fragment of stone is well coated with mortar, sufficient additional water being added as the mixing progresses to produce a rather wet, but not sloppy, concrete.[[11]] Machine mixing of concrete will be preferred, provided the machine used secures equal accuracy in the ratios of materials and equally as good mixing as prescribed above for hand-mixing. Machine-mixed concrete must be delivered from the machine upon a wood or metal platform, or directly into barrows.

36. Placing the Concrete.—Concrete shall be placed on the sub-grade in such a manner as to prevent as far as possible the separation of the mortar from the stone. It shall be evenly distributed in a single horizontal layer of such depth that, after ramming, it will be not less than ... inches thick. Immediately after being so placed it shall be well rammed until a compact mass is produced with its upper surface parallel to and ... inches below the pavement datum. Depressions that may appear during the ramming may be filled with concrete of the same composition as used for the foundation, except that smaller-sized stone shall be used; mortar alone must not be used for this purpose, nor shall the upper surface of the concrete be plastered with mortar. The surface of the concrete shall not be broomed or troweled.[[12]]

37. Setting of Concrete.—After the concrete is completed it shall remain undisturbed until it be firmly set. The time allowed for setting shall not be less than five days, and as much longer as, in the judgment of the Engineer, may be necessary, depending upon the temperature of the weather and the setting qualities of the cement. During this period no hauling or traveling over the concrete must be permitted unless its surface be first protected by a covering of plank. The Contractor shall, if necessary, keep the concrete moist by wetting it, with hose, or otherwise, until twenty-four (24) hours before it is to be covered with the pavement surface.

38. Measurement of Concrete.—Concrete will be measured and computed in cubic yards as found completed on the street, the thickness being taken as ... inches. The contract price for concrete foundation covers the cost of providing all the materials required, making, placing and ramming the concrete, and keeping it moist for the necessary period.

FOUNDATION OF OLD PAVING STONE

39. Foundations made of old stone paving blocks shall be constructed as follows:

Upon the sub-grade prepared as specified in Section 26, shall be spread a layer of good sand to an even depth of one and one-half (1½) inches. The paving blocks, whether taken up from the street to be paved, or brought from other streets or storage yards, shall be cleaned of all adhering earth, dirt and street refuse. The blocks shall then be set on the bed of sand, on edge, perpendicular to the grade, with their long dimension at right angles to the line of the street, in courses composed of stones of the same width, extending entirely across and at right angles to the axis of the street. Stones in adjoining courses shall break joint at least two inches. Joints between courses or stones, or along the curbstones, shall not exceed one inch in width. The stone shall be fitted closely around manholes or other structures in the street. The stones shall be so set in the bed of sand that after being rammed as hereafter specified, their tops shall be at the proper grade. After being thus set in place the stone shall be rammed with paving rammers having wooden faces and weighing not less than thirty (30) pounds, so as to force each stone to a good bearing in the sand below, and to bring its top to a uniform grade, parallel to and ... inches below the pavement datum. No stone shall project more than one-fourth (¼) inch above the proper grade, and stones whose tops, after ramming, are more than one-half (½) inch below such grade, shall be raised, additional sand placed under them, and reset and re-rammed to the proper grade and bearing. After the ramming shall have been completed, the joints between the stones shall be filled with mortar. The mortar shall be composed of Portland cement and sand, complying with the specifications for these materials in Sections 29 and 30. One part of cement and three parts of sand, by volume, shall be thoroughly mixed dry, and then made into mortar with sufficient quantity of water to produce a mortar of such consistency that it will just flow freely into the joints between the stones. All the joints between the stones must be completely filled with this mortar before it has begun to set. The mortar filling shall be brought even with, but not above, the tops of the stones. After the filling is thus completed, the foundation must stand undisturbed until the mortar shall have set firmly, in no case less than five days. The mortar must be kept moist during the period allowed for setting.[[13]]

Old stone foundation will be measured in square yards, in place after completion. The contract price includes the cost of handling and cleaning the stone, supplying and placing the bed of sand, setting and ramming the stone, supplying the materials for, making and placing the mortar in the joints and watering the street while the mortar is setting. Where stone is procured from other streets, or from storage yards, the Contractor will be required to load, haul and unload them, and will be allowed for this service a price of ... cents per cubic yard for loading and unloading, plus ... cents per cubic yard for each one-half mile, or fraction thereof, over which they are hauled by the nearest practicable route, the measurement to be made after the stone is set in the street, without deduction for joints.

40. Broken Stone Foundation.—The sub-grade for broken stone foundation shall be prepared as specified in Section 26, except that the rolling may be omitted at the option of the Contractor. The broken or crushed stone shall be of hard, durable stone. The foundation shall have an aggregate thickness of ... inches and shall be constructed in two courses, as follows:

The broken stone used in the first course shall be of such size that it will all pass through a screen having openings three (3) inches in diameter, and will all be retained on a screen having openings one (1) inch in diameter. This stone shall be evenly spread over the sub-grade to such a thickness that after being thoroughly consolidated by rolling, its upper surface shall be three-fourths inch below, and parallel to the surface of the foundation when completed. It shall then be rolled with a road-roller weighing not less than ten (10) tons until the stone is thoroughly compacted.

The second course, composed of screenings, all of which shall have passed through a screen with openings one inch in diameter, shall then be spread over the first course and well raked into the voids of the first course. It shall then be thoroughly wetted, and shall be rolled with the ten-ton roller until the fine stone is driven into the interstices of the first course and the whole thoroughly consolidated, the wetting being repeated while the rolling continues. Additional screenings shall be added and rolled in where necessary to bring the surface to the proper elevation. When completed, the top surface of the foundation shall be ... inches below, and parallel to the pavement datum. No part of the upper surface of the completed foundation shall project more than one-fourth (¼) inch above, nor shall it be more than one-half (½) inch below the grade and contour above specified.

Gravel of a quality satisfactory to the Engineer may with his written consent be substituted for broken stone. If of assorted sizes, such as will compress into a mass having not more than thirty (30) per cent. of voids, the foundation may be constructed in a single layer, graded, watered and rolled, as prescribed above for broken stone.[[14]]

41. Measurement.—Broken stone and gravel foundation will be measured and computed by the cubic yard in the street as completed, without any allowance for consolidation by the roller or for settlement into the sub-grade, the thickness being taken as ... inches. The contract price for it shall cover the cost of supplying the material, placing it on the street, and grading, watering and rolling it.