APPENDIX.

MARKETING TABLES,

BY THE POUND, YARD, STONE, &c.

Table I. From Five-farthings to Two-pence three-farthings per
pound, yard, &c.
No.1¼d.1½d.1¾d.2d.2¼d.2½d.2¾d.
s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d.
1 0 1¼ 0 1½ 0 1¾ 0 2 0 2¼ 0 2½ 0 2¾
2 0 2½ 0 3 0 3½ 0 4 0 4½ 0 5 0 5½
3 0 3¾ 0 4½ 0 5¼ 0 6 0 6¾ 0 7½ 0 8¼
4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 10 0 11
5 0 6¼ 0 7½ 0 8¾ 0 10 0 11¼ 1 0½ 1 1¾
6 0 7½ 0 9 0 10½ 1 0 1 1½ 1 3 1 4½
7 0 8¾ 0 10½ 1 0¼ 1 2 1 3¾ 1 5½ 1 7¼
8 0 10 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 1 10
9 0 11¼ 1 1½ 1 3¾ 1 6 1 8¼ 1 10½ 2 0¾
10 1 0½ 1 3 1 5½ 1 8 1 10½ 2 1 2 3½
11 1 1¾ 1 4½ 1 7¼ 1 10 2 0¾ 2 3½ 2 6¼
12 1 3 1 6 1 9 2 0 2 3 2 6 2 9
13 1 4¼ 1 7½ 1 10¾ 2 2 2 5¼ 2 8½ 2 11¾
14 1 5½ 1 9 2 0½ 2 4 2 7½ 2 11 3 2½
15 1 6¾ 1 10½ 2 2¼ 2 6 2 9¾ 3 1½ 3 5¼
16 1 8 2 0 2 4 2 8 3 0 3 4 3 8
17 1 9¼ 2 1½ 2 5¾ 2 10 3 2¼ 3 6½ 3 10¾
18 1 10½ 2 3 2 7½ 3 0 3 4½ 3 9 4 1½
19 1 11¾ 2 4½ 2 9¼ 3 2 3 6¾ 3 11½ 4 4¼
20 2 1 2 6 2 11 3 4 3 9 4 2 4 7
21 2 2¼ 2 7½ 3 0¾ 3 6 3 11¼ 4 4½ 4 9¾
22 2 3½ 2 9 3 2½ 3 8 4 1½ 4 7 5 0½
23 2 4¾ 2 10½ 3 4¼ 3 10 4 3¾ 4 9½ 5 3¼
24 2 6 3 0 3 6 4 0 4 6 5 0 5 6
25 2 7¼ 3 1½ 3 7¾ 4 2 4 8¼ 5 2½ 5 8¾
26 2 8½ 3 3 3 9½ 4 4 4 10½ 5 5 5 11½
27 2 9¾ 3 4½ 3 11¼ 4 6 5 0¾ 5 7½ 6 2¼
*28 2 11 3 6 4 1 4 8 5 3 5 10 6 5
†42 4 4½ 5 3 6 1½ 7 0 7 10½ 8 9 9 7½
‡56 5 10 7 0 8 2 9 4 10 6 11 8 12 10
§84 8 9 10 6 12 3 14 0 15 9 17 6 19 3
‖112 11 8 14 0 16 4 18 8 21 0 23 4 25 8
 * A quarter of a hundred weight, or 2 stones.
 † Three stones.
 ‡ Half a hundred weight, or 4 stones.
 § Three quarters of a hundred weight, or 6 stones.
 ‖ One hundred weight, or 8 stones.
Table II. From Three-pence to Five-pence per pound, yard, &c.
No.3d.3¼d.3½d.3¾d.4d.4½d.5d.
s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d.
1 0 3 0 3¼ 0 3½ 0 3¾ 0 4 0 4½ 0 5
2 0 6 0 6½ 0 7 0 7½ 0 8 0 9 0 10
3 0 9 0 9¾ 0 10½ 0 11¼ 1 0 1 1½ 1 3
4 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 6 1 8
5 1 3 1 4¼ 1 5½ 1 6¾ 1 8 1 10½ 2 1
6 1 6 1 7½ 1 9 1 10½ 2 0 2 3 2 6
7 1 9 1 10¾ 2 0½ 2 2¼ 2 4 2 7½ 2 11
8 2 0 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 8 3 0 3 4
9 2 3 2 5¼ 2 7½ 2 9¾ 3 0 3 4½ 3 9
10 2 6 2 8½ 2 11 3 1½ 3 4 3 9 4 2
11 2 9 2 11¾ 3 2½ 3 5¼ 3 8 4 1½ 4 7
12 3 0 3 3 3 6 3 9 4 0 4 6 5 0
13 3 3 3 6¼ 3 9½ 4 0¾ 4 4 4 10½ 5 5
14 3 6 3 9½ 4 1 4 4½ 4 8 5 3 5 10
15 3 9 4 0¾ 4 4½ 4 8¼ 5 0 5 7½ 6 3
16 4 0 4 4 4 8 5 0 5 4 6 0 6 8
17 4 3 4 7¼ 4 11½ 5 3¾ 5 8 6 4½ 7 1
18 4 6 4 10½ 5 3 5 7½ 6 0 6 9 7 6
19 4 9 5 1¾ 5 6½ 5 11¼ 6 4 7 1½ 7 11
20 5 0 5 5 5 10 6 3 6 8 7 6 8 4
21 5 3 5 8¼ 6 1½ 6 6¾ 7 0 7 10½ 8 9
22 5 6 5 11½ 6 5 6 10½ 7 4 8 3 9 2
23 5 9 6 2¾ 6 8½ 7 2¼ 7 8 8 7½ 9 7
24 6 0 6 6 7 0 7 6 8 0 9 0 10 0
25 6 3 6 9¼ 7 3½ 7 9¾ 8 4 9 4½ 10 5
26 6 6 7 0½ 7 7 8 1½ 8 8 9 9 10 10
27 6 9 7 3¾ 7 10½ 8 5¼ 9 0 10 1½ 11 3
*28 7 0 7 7 8 2 8 9 9 4 10 6 11 8
†42 10 6 11 4½ 12 3 13 1½ 14 0 15 9 17 6
‡56 14 0 15 2 16 4 17 6 18 8 21 0 23 4
§84 21 0 22 9 24 6 26 3 28 0 31 6 35 0
‖112 28 0 30 4 32 8 35 0 37 4 42 0 46 8
Tab. III. From Fivepence-halfpenny to Eightpence-halfpenny.
No.5½d.6d.6½d.7d.7½d.8d.8½d.
s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d.
1 0 5½ 0 6 0 6½ 0 7 0 7½ 0 8 0 8½
2 0 11 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5
3 1 4½ 1 6 1 7½ 1 9 1 10½ 2 0 2 1½
4 1 10 2 0 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 8 2 10
5 2 3½ 2 6 2 8½ 2 11 3 1½ 3 4 3 6½
6 2 9 3 0 3 3 3 6 3 9 4 0 4 3
7 3 2½ 3 6 3 9½ 4 1 4 4½ 4 8 4 11½
8 3 8 4 0 4 4 4 8 5 0 5 4 5 8
9 4 1½ 4 6 4 10½ 5 3 5 7½ 6 0 6 4½
10 4 7 5 0 5 5 5 10 6 3 6 8 7 1
11 5 0½ 5 6 5 11½ 6 5 6 10½ 7 4 7 9½
12 5 6 6 0 6 6 7 0 7 6 8 0 8 6
13 5 11½ 6 6 7 0½ 7 7 8 1½ 8 8 9 2½
14 6 5 7 0 7 7 8 2 8 9 9 4 5 11
15 6 10½ 7 6 8 1½ 8 9 9 4½ 10 0 10 7½
16 7 4 8 0 8 8 9 4 10 0 10 8 11 4
17 7 9½ 8 6 9 2½ 9 11 10 7½ 11 4 12 0½
18 8 3 9 0 9 9 10 6 11 3 12 0 12 9
19 8 8½ 9 6 10 3½ 11 1 11 10½ 12 8 13 5½
20 9 2 10 0 10 10 11 8 12 6 13 4 14 2
21 9 7½ 10 6 11 4½ 12 3 13 1½ 14 0 14 10½
22 10 1 11 0 11 11 12 10 13 9 14 8 15 7
23 10 6½ 11 6 12 5½ 13 5 14 4½ 15 4 16 3½
24 11 0 12 0 13 0 14 0 15 0 16 0 17 0
25 11 5½ 12 6 13 6½ 14 7 15 7½ 16 8 17 8½
26 11 11 13 0 14 1 15 2 16 3 17 4 18 5
27 12 4½ 13 6 14 7½ 15 9 16 10½ 18 0 19 1½
*28 12 10 14 0 15 2 16 4 17 6 18 8 19 10
†42 19 3 21 0 22 9 24 6 26 3 28 0 29 9
‡56 25 8 28 0 30 4 32 8 35 0 37 4 39 8
§84 38 6 42 0 45 6 49 0 52 6 56 0 59 6
‖112 51 4 56 0 60 8 65 4 70 0 74 8 79 4
Table IV. From Nine-pence to One Shilling per pound, yard, &c.
No.9d.9½d.10d.10½d.11d.11½d.12d.
s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d.
1 0 9 0 9½ 0 10 0 10½ 0 11 0 11½ 1 0
2 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 10 1 11 2 0
3 2 3 2 4½ 2 6 2 7½ 2 9 2 10½ 3 0
4 3 0 3 2 3 4 3 6 3 8 3 10 4 0
5 3 9 3 11½ 4 2 4 4½ 4 7 4 9½ 5 0
6 4 6 4 9 5 0 5 3 5 6 5 9 6 0
7 5 3 5 6½ 5 10 6 1½ 6 5 6 8½ 7 0
8 6 0 6 4 6 8 7 0 7 4 7 8 8 0
9 6 9 7 1½ 7 6 7 10½ 8 3 8 7½ 9 0
10 7 6 7 11 8 4 8 9 9 2 9 7 10 0
11 8 3 8 8½ 9 2 9 7½ 10 1 10 6½ 11 0
12 9 0 9 6 10 0 10 6 11 0 11 6 12 0
13 9 9 10 3½ 10 10 11 4½ 11 11 12 5½ 13 0
14 10 6 11 1 11 8 12 3 12 10 13 5 14 0
15 11 3 11 10½ 12 6 13 1½ 13 9 14 4½ 15 0
16 12 0 12 8 13 4 14 0 14 8 15 4 16 0
17 12 9 13 5½ 14 2 14 10½ 15 7 16 3½ 17 0
18 13 6 14 3 15 0 15 9 16 6 17 3 18 0
19 14 3 15 0½ 15 10 16 7½ 17 5 18 2½ 19 0
20 15 0 15 10 16 8 17 6 18 4 19 2 20 0
21 15 9 16 7½ 17 6 18 4½ 19 3 20 1½ 21 0
22 16 6 17 5 18 4 19 3 20 2 21 1 22 0
23 17 3 18 2½ 19 2 20 1½ 21 1 22 0½ 23 0
24 18 0 19 0 20 0 21 0 22 0 23 0 24 0
25 18 9 19 9½ 20 10 21 10½ 22 11 23 11½ 25 0
26 19 6 20 7 21 8 22 9 23 10 24 11 26 0
27 20 3 21 4½ 22 6 23 7½ 24 9 25 10½ 27 0
*28 21 0 22 2 23 4 24 6 25 8 26 10 28 0
†42 31 6 33 3 35 0 36 9 38 6 40 3 42 0
‡56 42 0 44 4 46 8 49 0 51 4 53 8 56 0
§84 63 0 66 6 70 0 73 6 77 0 80 6 84 0
‖112 84 0 88 8 93 4 98 0 102 8 107 4 112 0

EXPLANATION OF THE TABLES.

The figures in the first column of each table denote the number of pounds, yards, &.; and the money columns are headed with the respective prices of the article. So, if you want to know what 19 lbs. of beef come to at 5½d. per lb. look for the column headed 5½d. ([Table III.]) and opposite to 19 in the first column, under that head you will find 8s. 8½d., which is the amount. In this manner the price of any quantity of goods, at any price, may be instantly ascertained.

A TABLE OF WAGES OR INCOME,

Shewing, at one View, the amount of any INCOME, SALARY, or WAGES, from One Pound to Five Hundred Pounds per annum, by the Calendar Month, Week, or Day.

Per Yr.   Per Mon.Per WeekA DayPer Yr.   Per Mon.Per WeekA Day
l. s. l. s. d.l. s. d.l. s. d. l. s. l. s. d.l. s. d.l. s. d.
1 0is0 1 80 0 4½0 0 0¾ 11 11is0 19 30 4 5¼0 0 7½
1 10..0 2 60 0 7 0 0 1 12 0..1 0 00 4 7½0 0 8
2 0..0 3 40 0 9¼0 0 1¼ 12 12..1 1 00 4 10 0 0 8¼
2 2..0 3 60 0 9¾0 0 1½ 13 0..1 1 80 5 0 0 0 8½
2 10..0 4 20 0 11½0 0 1¾ 13 13..1 2 90 5 3 0 0 9
3 0..0 5 00 1 1¾0 0 2 14 0..1 3 40 5 4½0 0 9¼
3 3..0 5 30 1 2½0 0 2 14 14..1 4 60 5 8 0 0 9¾
3 10..0 5 100 1 4¼0 0 2¼ 15 0..1 5 00 5 9 0 0 10
4 0..0 6 80 1 6½0 0 2¾ 15 15..1 6 30 6 0½0 0 10¼
4 4..0 7 00 1 7½0 0 2¾ 16 0..1 6 80 6 2 0 0 10½
4 10..0 7 60 1 8¾0 0 3 16 16..1 8 00 6 5½0 0 11
5 0..0 8 40 1 11 0 0 3¼ 17 0..1 8 40 6 6½0 0 11¼
5 5..0 8 90 2 0¼0 0 3½ 17 17..1 9 90 6 10½0 0 11¾
5 10..0 9 20 2 1½0 0 3¾ 18 0..1 10 00 6 11 0 0 11¾
6 0..0 10 00 2 3¾0 0 4 18 18..1 11 60 7 3 0 1 0½
6 6..0 10 60 2 5 0 0 4¼ 19 0..1 11 80 7 3½0 1 0½
6 10..0 10 100 2 6 0 0 4¼ 20 0..1 13 40 7 8 0 1 1¼
7 0..0 11 80 2 8¼0 0 4½ 30 0..2 10 00 11 6 0 1 7¾
7 7..0 12 30 2 10 0 0 4¾ 40 0..3 6 80 15 4½0 2 2¼
7 10..0 12 60 2 10½0 0 5 50 0..4 3 40 19 3 0 2 9
8 0..0 13 40 3 1 0 0 5¼ 60 0..5 0 01 3 0¾0 3 3½
8 8..0 14 00 3 2¾0 0 5½ 70 0..5 16 81 6 11 0 3 10
8 10..0 14 20 3 3¼0 0 5½ 80 0..6 13 41 10 9 0 4 4½
9 0..0 15 00 3 5½0 0 6 90 0..7 10 01 14 7¼0 4 11
9 9..0 15 90 3 7½0 0 6¼100 0..8 6 81 18 5½0 5 5¾
10 0..0 16 80 3 10 0 0 6½200 0 16 13 43 16 11 0 10 11½
10 10..0 17 60 4 0½0 0 7 250 0 20 16 84 16 2 0 13 8½
11 0..0 18 40 4 3 0 0 7¼500 0 41 13 49 12 3½1 7 5¾

Explanation.—The Wages by the Year is given in the first Column, and opposite to it is the amount for a Calendar Month, a Week, or a Day, at that rate.

N.B. This Table also gives the rate of Income, and of Expenses of any kind, by the Year, Month, Week, or Day; and the contrary.

A TABLE OF INTEREST, AT FOUR PER CENT.
From One Day to One Hundred Days, inclusive.
Days100l.90l.80l.70l.60l.50l.40l.30l.20l.10l.9l.8l.7l.6l.5l.4l.3l.2l.1l.
s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.d.d.d.d.
10022 019 817 615 413 211 08 106 64 42 22 01 101 61 41 210862
9019 917 915 913 1011 10 9 107 115 113 112 01 91 71 51 21 0 9752
8017 615 914 012 310 6 8 97 05 33 61 91 71 51 31 10 11 8642
7015 413 1012 310 9 9 2 7 86 24 73 11 61 51 31 10 110 9 7642
6013 211 1010 6 9 2 9 11 6 75 33 112 81 41 21 10 110 90 8 6532
5011 0 9 10 8 9 7 8 6 7 5 64 53 32 21 11 00 110 90 80 7 5431
40 8 9 7 11 7 0 6 2 5 3 4 53 62 81 90 110 90 80 70 60 5 4321
30 6 7 5 11 5 3 4 7 3 11 3 32 82 01 40 80 70 60 60 50 4 3221
20 4 5 3 11 3 6 3 1 2 8 2 21 91 40 110 50 50 40 40 30 3 2211
10 2 2 2 0 1 9 1 6 1 4 1 10 110 80 50 30 20 20 20 20 1 1110
9 2 0 1 9 1 7 1 5 1 2 1 00 90 70 50 20 20 20 20 10 1 1100
8 1 9 1 7 1 5 1 3 1 1 0 110 80 60 40 20 20 20 10 10 1 1100
7 1 6 1 5 1 3 1 1 0 11 0 90 70 60 40 20 20 10 10 10 1 1100
6 1 4 1 2 1 1 0 11 0 9 0 80 60 50 30 20 10 10 10 10 1 1000
5 1 1 1 0 0 11 0 9 0 8 0 70 50 40 30 10 10 10 10 10 1 1000
4 0 11 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 50 40 30 20 10 10 10 10 10 1 0000
3 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 6 0 5 0 40 30 20 20 10 10 10 10 00 0 0000
2 0 5 0 5 0 4 0 4 0 3 0 30 20 20 10 10 00 00 00 00 0 0000
1 0 3 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 10 10 10 10 00 00 00 00 00 0 0000
No notice is taken of the fractional part of any sum under a halfpenny; but a halfpenny,or three farthings, is called a penny.
A TABLE OF INTEREST, AT FIVE PER CENT.
From One Day to One Hundred Days, inclusive.
Days100l.90l.80l.70l.60l.50l.40l.30l.20l.10l.9l.8l.7l.6l.5l.4l.3l.2l.1l.
l. s. d.l. s. d.l. s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.d.d.d.d.
1001 7 41 4 81 2 019 216 413 811 08 25 62 82 62 21 101 81 41 21064
901 4 81 2 20 19 917 314 1012 4 9 107 54 112 62 32 01 91 61 31 0 963
801 1 110 19 90 17 615 413 211 0 8 96 74 52 21 111 91 61 41 10 11853
700 19 20 17 30 15 413 511 6 9 7 7 85 93 101 111 91 61 41 21 00 9752
600 16 50 14 90 13 211 6 9 10 8 3 6 74 113 31 81 61 41 21 00 100 8642
500 13 80 12 40 11 0 9 7 8 2 6 10 5 64 12 91 41 31 10 110 100 80 7532
400 11 00 9 100 8 9 7 8 6 7 5 6 4 53 32 21 11 00 110 90 80 70 5431
300 8 30 7 50 6 7 5 9 4 11 4 1 3 32 61 80 100 90 80 70 60 50 4321
200 5 60 4 110 4 5 3 10 3 3 2 9 2 21 81 10 70 60 50 50 40 30 3211
100 2 90 2 60 2 2 1 11 1 8 1 4 1 10 100 70 30 30 30 20 20 20 1110
90 2 60 2 30 1 11 1 9 1 6 1 3 1 00 90 60 30 30 20 20 20 10 1110
80 2 20 2 00 1 9 1 6 1 4 1 1 0 110 80 50 30 20 20 20 20 10 1100
70 1 110 1 90 1 6 1 4 1 2 1 0 0 90 70 50 20 20 20 20 10 10 1100
60 1 80 1 60 1 4 1 2 1 0 0 10 0 80 60 40 20 20 20 10 10 10 1100
50 1 40 1 30 1 1 1 0 0 10 0 8 0 70 50 30 20 10 10 10 10 10 1000
40 1 10 1 00 0 11 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 50 40 30 10 10 10 10 10 10 1000
30 0 100 0 90 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 40 30 20 10 10 10 10 10 00 0000
20 0 70 0 60 0 5 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 30 20 10 10 10 00 00 00 00 0000
10 0 30 0 30 0 3 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 20 10 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 0000
No notice is taken of the fractional part of any sum under a halfpenny; but a halfpenny,or three farthings, is called a penny.
EXPENSE OF POSTING FOR A POST-CHAISE AND A PAIR OF HORSES,
From One Shilling to Two Shillings per Mile.
Miles.12d.13d.14d.15d.16d.17d.18d.1s. 9d.2s.
—————— s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.
Five  5 0 5 5 5 10 6 3 6 8 7 1 7 6 8 910 0
Six  6 0 6 6 7 0 7 6 8 0 8 6 9 010 612 0
Seven  7 0 7 7 8 2 8 9 9 4 9 1110 612 314 0
Eight  8 0 8 8 9 410 010 811 412 014 016 0
Nine  9 0 9 910 611 312 012 913 615 918 0
Ten 10 010 1011 812 613 414 215 017 620 0
Eleven 11 011 1112 1013 914 815 716 619 322 0
Twelve 12 013 014 015 016 017 018 021 024 0
Thirteen 13 014 115 216 317 418 519 622 926 0
Fourteen 14 015 216 417 618 819 1021 024 628 0
Fifteen 15 016 317 618 920 021 322 626 330 0
Sixteen 16 017 418 820 021 422 824 028 032 0
Seventeen 17 018 519 1021 322 824 125 629 934 0
Eighteen 18 019 621 022 624 025 627 031 636 0
Nineteen 19 020 722 223 925 426 1128 633 338 0
Twenty 20 021 823 425 026 828 430 035 040 0
Note—Two pairs of horses are charged double, and a single horse at half the price of a pair.

LAWS

RESPECTING MASTERS AND SERVANTS IN GENERAL.

The nature of the contract between Masters and Servants, is simple, and may be clearly defined by the existing laws; of which the following are the most material points; and ought to be well understood, both by masters and servants.

Hiring Servants.

The contract between a master and his domestic servant is called the Hiring, and may be made either in writing, or by verbal agreement; but, in the latter case, there should be a witness.

General Hiring.

If the hiring of a servant be general, without any particular time specified, the law construes it to be a hiring for a year certain. But, before the expiration of the year, three months’ notice, at least, must be given by either party, or the service is continued for another year, and so on; as under a general hiring, the servant can never become a servant at will.

Particular Hiring.

In London, and other great towns, the common mode of hiring is by a month’s warning, or a month’s wages; that is, the parties agree to separate on either of them giving to the other a month’s notice of his intention; or, in lieu of that, the party requiring the separation is to pay or give up a month’s wages: and this kind of hiring is sanctioned by law. But the contract may be made for any longer or shorter time; 5 Eliz. c. 4.

A yearly Servant is intitled to his Wages for the time of actual Service.

If a servant be hired in a general way, he is considered as hired with reference to the general understanding on the subject, and shall be entitled to his wages for the time he has served, though he do not continue in the service during the whole year; and if he die before the end of the year, his representatives will be entitled to so much wages as was due to him at the time of his death.

Of Discharging Servants.

A yearly servant cannot leave his place, nor be discharged, without a quarter’s warning, or wages, under the penalty of 40s.

If a servant be hired for a year certain, or for any indefinite time, which is construed in law, to be for a year, his master cannot discharge him either before, or at the end of the term, nor afterwards, without giving a quarter of a year’s previous warning, before a witness;—unless for some cause which shall be deemed sufficient by a magistrate, under the forfeiture of 40s.

And, as a master cannot discharge a yearly servant without a quarter’s warning, given previous to the expiration of the year; neither can a servant leave his place without a similar notice, under pain of imprisonment, and of losing all his wages.

A servant leaving his place without giving regular notice, or neglecting his master’s business, or disobeying his orders, (which is considered as a departure from his service,) or being guilty of any other misconduct, may be punished by three months’ imprisonment, or in lieu thereof, with the loss of a part or the whole of his wages, at the discretion of a justice.

The Parties may part by mutual consent.

A master and his servant may part by mutual consent, without any forfeiture on either part;—or, for a cause to be allowed by a justice.

A Servant may be discharged for any moral Crime.

If a servant be guilty of any moral infamy whilst in his master’s service, he may discharge him without application to a justice.

Also, if he be taken into custody for any offence, and legally detained, so that he cannot attend to his duties, the master is authorized to discharge him. But, if the offence of which the servant is accused was committed before the time of hiring, the master cannot discharge him without the order of a justice.

A yearly Servant cannot be discharged for any act of God.

A master cannot discharge his yearly servant within the year, by reason of illness, or of any hurt by which he may be disabled from doing his usual business, nor even for insanity, without an order from a justice; nor can his wages be abated for such reason.

A Servant may be discharged by a Justice if his Wages be not paid, or sufficient Maintenance be denied him.

The master detaining a servant’s wages, or not allowing him sufficient meat and drink, or otherwise ill-treating him, is a good cause for a servant’s leaving his place; but it must be allowed by a justice.

Punishment for insolence after Warning given.

If, after warning given, a servant is insolent, or refuses to do his duty, a magistrate may commit him to prison for the time he has to serve; but the master must pay him his wages whilst there.

Punishment for an assault on the Master or Mistress.

If a servant assault his master or mistress, or any other person having charge over him, he may be bound to his good behaviour; or be committed to prison, for a year or less, at the discretion of two magistrates.

Agreement by a Servant under age not to operate against him.

No agreement made by a servant, with his master, whilst he is under the age of 21 years, can be made to operate against him.

A married Woman must serve her term.

A woman who is married, or shall marry during her servitude, must, in either case, serve out her time; nor can her husband take her out of her master’s service.

A Woman with Child may be discharged by a Justice.

Should a woman with child be hired for a term, and her master knew not of it, or should she prove with child during her servitude, he may discharge her, with the concurrence of a magistrate.

But if, when he knows it, he does not discharge her before a magistrate, but keeps her on, he must provide for her till her delivery, and for one month after; when she is to be sent to her place of settlement.

Servants must go to Church.

Masters can insist on their servants going to church; and every person whose servant shall be absent from church, for one month, at a time, without a reasonable excuse, forfeits 10l. for every month he so keeps that servant.

Punishment for gaming.

A servant gaming at a public house, with cards, dice, draughts, or at any game, is liable to be taken before a magistrate, and fined from 5s. to 20s. one-fourth of which goes to the informer; and he may be committed to hard labour for a month, or till the penalty is paid.

Punishment for getting Drunk.

Every person convicted of having been drunk, within six months previous to the information, before one justice, on the oath of one witness, forfeits 5s. for the first offence, or may be set in the stocks six hours; and for the second offence must give good security not to offend again.

Punishment for Cursing and Swearing.

Any servant who may be convicted of cursing and swearing, within eight days of the offence, before one justice, shall forfeit 1s. for the first offence; 2s. for the second; and 3s. for the third; or be committed to hard labour for ten days.

The Interest a Master has in his Servant.

The master can maintain an action for injury done to his servant; or for enticing him away, or for detaining him.

From the interest that a master acquires in his servant, by reason of the wages he pays him, if the servant be maimed or disabled in his master’s service through the fault of another, the master may recover from that other, for loss of his service. Also, for this reason, a man may maintain an action against another for enticing away his servant; or for detaining him after demanded;—or for retaining him with a knowledge of his having left him clandestinely: for this latter offence an action is maintainable against the servant also, or against both.

A Master may protect his Servant, and may assist him to prosecute a Stranger.

A master may be justified in assaulting another in protection of his servant; or, he may assist his servant in supporting the expense of an action at law against a stranger; though in general it is deemed an offence against public justice to encourage animosities by such assistance.

A Servant is bound to defend his Master.

The master may demand the aid of his servant, and the servant may stand up in his master’s or mistress’s defence without being liable to punishment.

The Master is liable for the Acts of his Servant.

The acts of servants are, in most instances, deemed the acts of their masters. In fact, every man ought to transact his own business; and though by the indulgence of the law, he can delegate the power of acting for him to another, yet, it is with reason, that the acts of his substitute, being pursuant to his authority, should be considered as the acts of himself. It is, therefore, a rule of law, that whatever trespass a servant commits by the order, encouragement, or with the tacit consent of his master, the master shall be answerable for it. Generally, a master is responsible for all acts done by his servant in the course of his ordinary and proper business, even though he has given him no express commands. The master is also liable for any fault or neglect of his servant whilst executing his lawful commands. But, in all such inexcusable cases, the servant is punishable by the criminal laws, and is also liable to civil actions.

Servants not answerable but for wilful Neglect, or Fraud.

A servant cannot be made answerable to his master for any loss that may happen without his wilful neglect; but if he be guilty of fraud or gross negligence, an action will lie against him by his master. Therefore, if a master give money or other thing to a servant to carry to a certain place, and he is robbed, the servant is not answerable.—But if it be lost through his neglect he is punishable.

Servants setting fire to a House.

A servant negligently setting fire to a house, shall, on the oath of one witness, be made to pay one hundred pounds, to be distributed among the sufferers; or be committed to hard labour, in prison, for eighteen months.

Embezzlement of a Master’s property is Felony.

If money, goods, bills, bonds, notes, bankers’-drafts, or other valuable security, or effects, be delivered to a servant, or clerk, to keep, and he go away with them, or embezzle, secrete, or otherwise convert either, or any of them, to his own use, it is felony; if he be more than 18 years of age.

If any servant shall purloin, or make away with his master’s goods to the value of 40s. it is felony, and he shall, himself, his aider, or abettor, on conviction, be transported for 14 years. Or, if a master deliver the key of a room to a servant, and he steal therein to the amount of 12d. it is felony.

Servants pawning their Master’s property.

Servants pawning their master’s goods without orders, shall forfeit 40s. and the value of the goods so pawned; or be sent to the House of Correction for three months, and be publickly whipped.

Mode of settling disputes for Wages, and other matters.

Disputes with servants for wages under 10l. a year, and other matters, may be referred to a magistrate, who is authorized to redress such complaints. But magistrates in the metropolis can take no cognizance of the wages of coachmen, grooms, &c. as they come within the jurisdiction of the Commissioners of Hackney-Coaches, &c.

OF FALSE CHARACTERS.

Punishment for bringing false Characters.

If any person shall falsely personate any master or mistress, or his or her representative, and shall either verbally or in writing, give a false, forged, or counterfeit character to any person, offering him or herself to be hired as a servant; or, if any person shall pretend or assert, in writing, that any servant had been hired for any period of time, or in any station whatsoever, other than the true one, or that he was discharged, or left his service; or that such servant had not been hired in any previous service contrary to the truth.-Or, if any person shall offer him or herself as a servant, pretending that he hath served in any service, in which he hath not served; or with a false, forged, or counterfeit certificate of character; or shall in anywise add to, or alter, efface, or erase any word, date, matter, or thing, in any certificate given to him by his last or former actual master, or person authorized by him; or, if any person, having before been in service, shall, when offering himself to hire, falsely pretend not to have been hired in any former service; such person convicted of any, or either, of these offences, by the oath of one witness, (the informer to be deemed a competent witness,) before two justices, shall forfeit 20l. one half to go to the informer, and the other half to the poor of the parish, together with 10s. the costs of conviction; or on failure, be committed to hard labour in the House of Correction, for not less than one month, nor more than three, or, till the penalty and costs be paid.

And, if any servant so offending, shall give information against any accomplice, so that he be convicted, such servant shall be acquitted.

No Action will lie against a Master for a bad Character unless it be maliciously given.

No action can be maintained by a servant against his former master for a bad character, given either verbally or in writing, unless it can be proved that the character given was not only false but malicious.

HACKNEY COACH FARES.

General Rules for Distances.

s. d. s. d.
Not exceeding one mile... 1 0 Seven miles... 8 6
One mile and a half... 1 6 Seven miles and a half... 9 0
Two miles... 2 0 Eight miles... 9 6
Two miles and a half... 3 0 Eight miles and a half... 10 6
Three miles... 3 6 Nine miles... 11 0
Three miles and a half... 4 0 Nine miles and a half... 11 6
Four miles... 4 6 Ten miles... 12 0
Four miles and a half... 5 6 Ten miles and a half... 13 0
Five miles... 6 0 Eleven miles... 13 6
Five miles and a half... 6 6 Eleven miles and a half... 14 0
Six miles... 7 0 Twelve miles... 15 0
Six miles and a half... 8 0
And so on at the rate of 6d. for every half mile, and an additional
6d. for every two miles completed.

For Time.

s. d.
Not exceeding thirty minutes... 1 0
Forty-five minutes... 1 6
One hour... 2 0
One hour and twenty minutes... 3 0
One hour and forty minutes... 4 0
Two hours... 5 0
Not exceeding two hours and twenty minutes... 6 0
Two hours and forty minutes... 7 0
Three hours... 8 0
Three hours and twenty minutes... 9 0
Three hours and forty minutes... 10 0
Four hours... 11 0
And so on at the rate of sixpence for every fifteen minutes
further time.

The Commissioners’ List for Regulating the Price and Measurement of One Shilling, Eighteen-penny, and Two Shilling Fares, according to the late Act of Parliament.

ONE SHILLING FARES.
The distance not exceeding one mile.
Palace Yard, Westminster. m. f. p.
First coach, to the end of Catherine Street, Strand 0 7 28
Ditto, to Derby Court, Piccadilly 0 7 26
Charing Cross.
The Golden Cross, to White Horse Street, Piccadilly 0 7 27
Ditto, to Serjeant’s Inn, Fleet Street 0 7 22
Strand.
Catherine Street, to Watling Street, St. Paul’s 0 7 33
Temple Bar.
To the second Scotland Yard, Whitehall 0 7 21
Ditto, to Mercer’s Chapel, Cheapside 0 7 30
Bridge Street, Fleet Street.
First coach, to St. Peter’s Church, Cornhill 0 7 34
Ditto, to Newcastle Street, Strand 0 7 26
St. Paul’s Church-yard.
First coach, to Beaufort Buildings, Strand 0 7 25
Ditto, to Billiter Lane, Leadenhall Street 0 7 26
Cheapside.
Gutter Lane, to Featherstone Buildings, Holborn 0 7 29
Ditto, to Whitechapel Bars 0 7 30
Cornhill.
The centre of the Royal Exchange, to Great Garden}
Street, Whitechapel 0 7 27
Ditto, to Water Lane, Fleet Street 0 7 32
Ditto, to Hatton Garden, Holborn 0 7 33
Whitechapel.
First coach, next the Three Nuns, to Cheapside conduit 0 7 28
Ditto, to the Old ’Change, Cheapside 0 7 22
Holborn.
The end of Hatton Garden, to the Royal Exchange 0 7 33
The end of Red Lion Street, to Buckingham St., Strand 0 7 30
Oxford Street.
The end of Rathbone Place, to Orchard Street 0 7 16
Ditto, to Gray’s Inn Gate, Holborn 0 7 20
The end of Park Street, to Dean Street, Holborn 0 7 26
Piccadilly.
The Golden Lion, to Panton Street, Haymarket 0 7 32
The end of St. James’s Street, to Cecil Street, Strand 0 7 28
King Street, Cheapside.
Gatestone Street, to St. Dunstan’s Church, Fleet Street 0 7 32
Clerkenwell.
Opposite the Close, to Bread Street, Cheapside 0 7 29
Buckingham Gate.
Opposite the Gate, to the Treasury, Whitehall 0 7 17
EIGHTEEN-PENNY FARES.
The distance not exceeding one mile and a half.
Palace Yard, Westminster. m. f. p.
First coach, to Serjeant’s Inn, Fleet Street 1 3 15
Ditto, to White Horse Street, Piccadilly 1 3 21
Charing Cross.
The Golden Cross, to the end of Grosvenor Place, Hyde}
Park Corner 1 3 19
Ditto, to Watling Street, St. Paul’s Church Yard 1 3 28
Strand.
Catherine Street, to Bank Street, Cornhill 1 3 30
Temple Bar.
To Little Abingdon Buildings, Westminster 1 3 19
To Billiter Lane, Leadenhall Street 1 3 31
Bridge Street, Fleet Street.
First coach, to Somerset Street, Whitechapel 1 3 27
Ditto, to Downing Street, Parliament Street 1 3 26
St. Paul’s Church Yard.
First coach, to the end of Pall Mall, Cockspur Street 1 3 35
Ditto, Brick Lane, Whitechapel 1 3 31
Cheapside.
Gutter Lane, to Dyot Street, St. Giles’s 1 3 29
Ditto, to Whitechapel Workhouse 1 3 27
Cornhill.
The centre of the Royal Exchange, to Dog-row, Mile-end 1 3 21
The centre of the R. Exchange, to Somerset-place, Strand 1 3 26
Ditto, to the Bull and Gate, Holborn 1 3 26
Whitechapel.
First coach, next the Three Nuns, to Ely Place, Holborn 1 3 31
Ditto, to Salisbury Court, Fleet Street 1 3 32
Holborn.
The end of Hatton Garden, to Houndsditch, Whitechapel 1 3 28
The end of Southampton Buildings, to the Treasury,}
Whitehall 1 3 28
Ditto, to St. Mary Axe, Leadenhall Street 1 3 27
The end of Red Lion St. to Downing St., Westminster 1 3 27
Oxford Road.
The end of Bond Street, to Brownlow Street, Holborn 1 3 29
The end of Park Street, to opposite the Coal Yard,}
High Holborn 1 3 30
Piccadilly.
The Golden Lion, to Adam Street, Strand 1 3 29
Ditto, to Whitehall Chapel 1 3 20
The end of St. James’s St. to Temple Lane, Fleet St. 1 3 28
Tower.
First coach, to Fetter Lane, Fleet Street 1 3 21
King Street, Cheapside.
Cateaton Street, to Burleigh Street, Strand 1 3 22
Ditto, to Newton Street, Holborn 1 3 30
Clerkenwell.
Opposite the Close, to opposite Leadenhall Market 1 3 31
Buckingham Gate.
Opposite the Gate, to Bedford Street, Strand 1 3 2
TWO SHILLING FARES.
The distance not exceeding two miles.
Palace Yard, Westminster. m. f. p.
First coach, to the end of Watling Street, St. Paul’s}
Church Yard 1 7 32
Ditto, to opposite the Horse Guards at Knightsbridge 1 7 25
Whitehall.
From the Horse Guards, to Mercer’s Chapel, Cheapside 1 7 28
Ditto, to Bear Court, Knightsbridge 1 7 28
Charing Cross.
The Golden Cross, to Smith’s Manufactory, Knightsbridge 1 7 4
Ditto, to Bank Street, Cornhill 1 7 27
Strand.
Catherine Street, to Poor Jewry, Aldgate 1 7 30
Temple Bar.
To the end of Millbank Street, Westminster 1 6 13
To the Red Lion and Spread Eagle, Whitechapel 1 7 16
Bridge Street, Fleet Street.
First coach, to New Road, Whitechapel Road 1 7 32
Ditto, to the turning to Queen Square, Westminster 1 7 33
St. Paul’s Church Yard.
First coach, to St. James’s Palace Gate 1 6 25
Ditto, to the sign of the London Hospital 1 7 3
Cheapside.
Gutter Lane, to the end of Poland Street, Oxford Street 1 7 34
Ditto, to the end of Mutton Lane, Mile-End Road 1 7 26
Cornhill.
The centre of the Royal Exchange, to the Rose and}
Crown, Mile-End Road 1 7 30
Ditto, to the end of St. Martin’s Lane, Strand 1 7 21
Ditto, to the end of Denmark Street, St. Giles’s 1 7 21
Whitechapel.
First coach, next to the Three Nuns, to the Bull and}
Gate, Holborn 1 7 33
First coach next to the Three Nuns, to Somerset House 1 7 33
King’s Road, Gray’s Inn Lane.
First coach, to the Blue Bear, Whitechapel 1 7 20
Ditto, to Park Street, Oxford Road 1 7 27
Holborn.
The end of Hatton Garden, to the end of Garden Street,}
Whitechapel Road 1 7 25
Ditto, to the end of Duke Street, Oxford Road 1 7 31
The end of Red Lion Street, to the King’s Head, Lambeth}
Marsh 1 7 33
The Vine Tavern, to the end of Poor Jewry, Aldgate 1 7 30
Oxford Street.
The end of Rathbone Place, to the end of Bigg’s Lane,}
in the road to Bayswater 1 7 19
Ditto, to the end of the Old Jewry, Poultry 1 7 31
The end of Bond Street, to the end of Cow Lane,}
Snow Hill 1 7 26
The end of Park Street, to Gray’s Inn Gate, Holborn 1 7 25
Piccadilly.
The Golden Lion, to Palsgrave Head Court, Temple Bar 1 7 28
Ditto, to the end of Wood Street, Millbank Street,}
Westminster 1 7 33
End of St. James’s Street, to the first coach in St.}
Paul’s Church Yard 1 7 28
Tower.
To the centre of Exeter ’Change, Strand 1 7 31
King Street, Cheapside.
Cateaton St. to the end of Suffolk Street, Cockspur St. 1 7 25
Ditto, to the Boar and Castle, Oxford Road 1 7 15
Clerkenwell.
Opposite the Close, to the Talbot Inn, Whitechapel 1 7 29
Buckingham Gate.
Opposite the Gate, to the end of Essex Street, Strand 1 7 29
FARES FROM REMARKABLE PLACES.
Admiralty to s. d. Bishopsgate Street Within to s. d.
Islington Church ... 4 0 Bermondsey Church ... 1 6
India House ... ... 3 0 Charter-House Square ... 1 6
Mile-End Turnpike ... 4 6 Catherine Street, Strand 2 0
Ratcliffe ... ... 5 6 City Lying-in Hospital ... 1 6
Shoreditch Church ... 4 0 Chancery Lane ... ... 1 6
Tower ... ... ... 3 6 King’s Bench ... ... 1 6
Union Street, Borough ... 3 6 Haymarket ... ... 3 0
Bank to Bishopsgate Street Without to
Berkeley Square ... ... 3 6 Bethnall Green ... ... 1 6
Haymarket ... ... 3 0 Hatton Garden ... ... 1 6
Hyde Park Corner ... 4 0 Charing Cross ... ... 3 0
Islington Church ... 3 0 Haymarket ... ... 3 0
Piccadilly ... ... 3 0 Leicester Square ... 3 0
Pantheon, Oxford Street ... 3 0 Clerkenwell to
Ratcliffe ... ... 3 0 Hyde Park Corner ... 4 0
Tyburn Gate ... ... 4 0 Mile-End Gate ... ... 3 6
Berkeley Square toRatcliffe ... ... 4 0
Clerkenwell Green ... 3 6 Shoreditch Church ... 3 0
Foundling Hospital ... 3 0 Tyburn Gate ... ... 3 6
Guildhall ... ... 3 6 Union Street, Borough ... 3 0
Islington Church ... 4 0 Foundling Hospital to
India House ... ... 4 0 Hyde Park Corner ... 3 6
Lincoln’s Inn (near side) ... 3 0 India House ... ... 3 0
Mile-End Gate ... ... 5 6 Mile-End Gate ... ... 4 0
Newgate ... ... 3 0 Ratcliffe ... ... 5 6
Obelisk, Fleet Street ... 3 0 Shoreditch Church ... 4 0
Ratcliffe ... ... 6 0 Tower ... ... ... 3 6
St. Paul’s (west end) ... 3 0 Tyburn Gate ... ... 3 0
Shoreditch Church ... 4 6 Union Street, Borough ... 3 6
Tower ... ... ... 4 0 Temple Bar ... ... 3 0
Union Street, Borough ... 4 6 Tyburn ... ... 6 6
Guildhall toUnion Street, Borough ... 3 0
Haymarket ... ... 3 0
Hyde Park Corner ... 4 0 Ratcliffe Cross to
Islington Church ... 3 0 St. Paul’s (west end) ... 3 6
Piccadilly ... ... 3 0 Shoreditch Church ... 3 6
Pantheon, Oxford Street ... 3 0 Temple Bar ... ... 4 0
Tyburn ... ... 3 6 Tyburn ... ... 6 6
Hyde Park Corner toUnion Street, Borough ... 3 0
Islington Church ... 5 6 St. Ann’s Church, Dean St. to
India House ... ... 4 0 Ratcliffe ... ... 4 6
Lincoln’s Inn (west side) ... 3 0 Shoreditch Church ... 3 6
Mile-End Gate ... ... 6 0 Bank ... ... ... 3 0
Newgate ... ... 3 6 Whitechapel ... ... 3 0
Obelisk, Fleet Street ... 3 0 India House ... ... 3 0
Ratcliffe Cross ... ... 6 6 Islington Church ... 4 0
St. Paul’s (west end) ... 3 6 Mile-End Gate ... ... 4 6
Shoreditch Church ... 5 6 Guildhall ... ... 3 0
Temple ... ... 3 0 Union Street, Borough ... 3 0
Tower ... ... ... 4 6 Somerset House ... ... 1 6
Union Street, Borough ... 4 6 Westminster Hall ... 1 0
Islington Church toTemple Bar ... ... 1 0
India House ... ... 3 6 St. Paul’s ... ... 1 9
Lincoln’s Inn (west side) ... 3 0 Stones-End, Borough ... 3 0
Mile-End Gate ... ... 4 6 Tyburn Gate ... ... 1 0
Piccadilly ... ... 4 0 Hyde Park ... ... 1 6
Haymarket ... ... 4 0 Grosvenor Gate ... ... 1 6
Pantheon, Oxford Street ... 3 6 Horse Guards ... ... 1 0
Ratcliffe Cross ... ... 5 6 Marsh Gate ... ... 1 6
Temple Bar ... ... 3 6
Tower ... ... ... 4 0 From Paddington to
Tyburn Gate ... ... 4 6 St. Paul’s ... ... 3 6
Union Street, Borough ... 4 0 Bank ... ... ... 4 0
India House toWestminster Hall ... 2 0
Piccadilly ... ... 3 6 India House ... ... 4 6
Haymarket ... ... 3 6 Islington Church ... 3 0
Pantheon ... ... 3 6 Somerset House ... ... 3 0
Tyburn ... ... 4 0 Union Street ... ... 4 6
Mile-End Turnpike toFoundling ... ... 3 0
Newgate ... ... 3 0 Temple Bar ... 3 0
Obelisk, Fleet Street ... 3 0 Horse Guards ... ... 2 0
Piccadilly ... ... 4 6 Ratcliffe ... ... 5 6
Haymarket ... ... 4 6 Tower ... ... ... 5 6
Pantheon ... ... 4 6 Aldersgate ... ... 3 0
Fares to the Opera House, Drury Lane, and Covent Garden Theatres.
FromOpera
House.		Drury Lane
Theatre.		Cov. Gar.
Theatre.
s. d. s. d. s. d.
Aldersgate Street 3 0 2 0 2 0
Bishopsgate Street within 3 0 2 0 2 0
Bishopsgate Street without 3 0 3 0 3 0
Blackman Street, over London Bridge 3 6 3 0 3 0
Ditto, over Blackfriars 3 6 3 0 3 0
Ditto, over Westminster 3 0 3 0 3 0
Bloomsbury Square 1 6 1 0 1 0
Buckingham Gate 1 6 2 0 2 0
Charing Cross 1 0 1 0 1 0
Cheapside, Foster Lane end 2 0 1 6 1 6
Cheapside, end of King Street 2 0 1 6 2 0
Chelsea College 3 0 3 6 3 0
Cornhill 3 0 2 0 2 0
Fenchurch Street 3 0 3 0 3 0
Fleet Street, Obelisk 1 6 1 0 1 0
Gracechurch Street 3 0 3 0 3 0
Hackney Church 5 6 5 0 5 0
Holborn, end of Leather Lane 1 6 1 0 1 0
Hyde Park Corner 1 6 2 0 2 0
Islington 3 0 3 0 3 0
Knightsbridge 2 0 2 6 2 6
Mile-End Turnpike 3 6 3 0 3 6
Minories 3 0 3 0 3 0
Moorfields 3 0 2 0 2 0
Oxford Street, Pantheon 1 0 1 6 1 6
Oxford Street, end of Orchard Street 1 6 2 0 2 0
Palace Yard and St. Margaret’s Church 1 0 1 0 1 0
Ratcliffe Cross 5 0 3 6 4 0
St. Anne’s Church, Soho 1 0 1 0 1 0
St. James’s Palace Gate 1 0 1 0 1 0
St. Paul’s Church Yard 2 0 1 0 1 0
Shoreditch Church 3 6 3 0 3 0
Smithfield 2 0 1 6 1 6
Temple Bar 1 0 1 0 1 0
Tottenham Ct. Road, end of Goodge St. 1 6 1 0 1 0
Tower Gate 3 0 3 0 3 0
Union Street, end of the Borough 3 0 3 0 3 0
Whitechapel Bars. 3 0 3 0 3 0
Fares to Vauxhall, Sadler’s Well’s, Astley’s, and the Circus.
FromVauxhall.Sad. Wells.Astley’s.Circus.
s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d.
Aldersgate Street 3 6 1 6 2 0 2 0
Arundel Street, Strand 3 0 2 0 1 6 2 0
Bedford Street, Covent Garden 3 0 3 0 1 6 2 0
Bishopsgate Street within 3 0 3 0 3 0 2 0
Blackman Street, Borough 2 0 3 0 1 6 1 0
Bloomsbury Square 3 6 2 0 2 0 3 0
Bond Street, Piccadilly 3 0 3 0 1 6 2 0
Buckingham Gate 3 0 3 6 1 6 2 0
Charles Street, Covent Garden 3 0 2 0 1 6 2 0
Cheapside, end of Foster Lane 3 0 1 6 2 0 1 6
Chelsea College 4 6 5 0 3 0 3 0
Cornhill, Freeman’s Court 3 0 2 0 2 0 2 0
Fleet Street Obelisk 3 0 1 6 2 0 1 6
Gracechurch Street 3 6 2 0 2 0 2 0
Haymarket, Piccadilly end 4 6 3 0 1 6 2 0
Holborn, end of King Street 3 6 2 0 2 0 3 0
Hyde-park Corner 5 0 3 6 2 0 3 0
Islington 5 0 1 0 3 6 3 0
Leicester Square 3 0 3 0 1 6 2 0
Mile-End Turnpike 4 6 3 0 3 6 3 6
Minories 3 6 3 0 3 0 3 0
Moorfields 4 6 1 0 3 0 2 0
Newgate 3 6 1 0 2 0 1 6
Oxford Street, end of Charles Street 3 6 3 0 2 0 3 0
Oxford Street, Pantheon 3 6 3 0 2 0 3 0
Oxford Street, Bond Street 3 6 3 0 3 0 3 0
Ditto, Orchard Street 4 0 3 6 3 0 3 6
Palace Yard, & St. Margaret’s Church 3 0 3 6 1 0 1 6
Ratcliffe Cross 5 6 3 6 4 6 3 6
St. Ann’s Church, Soho 3 0 5 0 1 6 3 0
St. James’s Palace 3 0 3 0 1 6 3 0
St. Paul’s Church Yard 3 6 2 0 2 0 1 6
Shoreditch Church 4 6 2 0 3 6 3 0
Smithfield 3 6 1 0 3 0 2 0
Strand, Catherine Street 3 0 3 0 1 6 2 0
Temple Bar 3 6 2 0 2 0 2 0
Tottenham-Court Road, Goodge St. 4 6 3 0 2 0 3 0
Tower Gate 4 6 3 0 3 0 2 0
Union Street, Borough 2 0 3 0 1 6 1 0
Whitechapel Bars 4 0 3 0 3 0 2 0

Number of Passengers.—Coaches are not compellable to take more than four adults in the inside, and a servant out; but if the coachman agree to take more, the fare will be 1s. for each extra person, of whatever age he or she may be, not being a child in arms, or less; and if taken in the country, 1s. for going, and 1s. for returning.—Chariots are not compellable to take more than two adults or grown up persons, and children in arms or less, but if the coachman should agree to carry, or should actually carry, above that number, he shall be paid at the same rate as in the preceding article respecting coaches.

Abusive Language.—The drivers of coaches and carriers of chairs, on demanding more than their fare, or giving abusive language, are to forfeit not more than 5l., and in default of the payment, they are to be sent to the house of correction seven days.

Extortion.—Coachmen refusing to go on, or extorting more than their fare, are to forfeit not more than 3l., nor less than 10s. Not only commissioners, but also justices, may determine offences, and inflict punishments.

Returning from the Country.—Coaches hired to go into the country, in the day-time, are to have for their return empty, for ten miles 5s.; eight miles 4s.; six miles 3s.; and for four miles 2s.; but there is no allowance for less than four miles.

Obligation to go on.—They shall be compellable on every day, and at any hour of the night (unless they shall have been out twelve hours, or have other reasonable excuse), to go upon all turnpike roads, any where within two miles and a half from the end of the carriage-way pavement.

Tickets or Certificates.—By 54 Geo. III. c. 147, before any driver of a coach or chariot shall be entitled to receive the amount of his fare, he shall deliver as many tickets marked on some “one shilling,” and on others “one shilling and sixpence,” (and having his Majesty’s arms, with the words “Hackney-Coach Office,” the number of his coach and chariot, and dated,) as shall by the sums printed thereon, in the aggregate, make the full amount of such fare.

Option of Fares or Distance.—Fares to be calculated for time or distance, at the option of the coachman, and not by the day, as heretofore.

Time of Sunset.—As the period of sunset has been found constantly liable to dispute, it is therefore now regulated that the sunset hours shall be after eight in the evening between Lady-day and Michaelmas, and after five in the evening between Michaelmas and Lady-day; and the back-carriage after such hours shall be taken to the carriage-way pavement, or next standing beyond which the coach was hired from, (if hired at any stand off the pavement) at the full fare back to either, at the option of the party discharging.

Articles left in a Coach.—By a late Act, all parcels, &c. left in a hackney coach are to be taken to the Hackney-Coach Office, on pain of paying 20l.; to be recovered on application to the commissioners or a justice.

The coachman can demand his fare from the place he is taken from, either for time, if he be kept waiting, or for distance. He is to take the shortest way, and to charge accordingly; but if he, from choice or ignorance, does otherwise, he can make no extra charge.

The coachman may refuse to take heavy luggage, unless he be paid something more than the fare; but he must object to it before it be put into the coach; he cannot, however, object to take small trunks, or parcels that may be carried in the hand.

If a coach be drawn off the stand to the side of the pavement, the coachman may be made to go with you, if not hired, or if he refuses, he is liable to be fined.

Note—When a coach is intended to be kept waiting, notice should be taken of the time when it is called, in order to prevent disputes; and the coachman may demand a deposit.

Always take the number of the coach you hire, that, in case any thing be left in it, or the coachman conduct himself improperly, he may be summoned.

LAWS RESPECTING SEDAN CHAIRS.

By 7 Geo. III. 44, the following rates of fares are allowed to be taken by licensed hackney chairs; viz.

s. d.
For One Mile ................. 1 0
For One Mile and Four Furlongs 1 6
For every Four Furlongs further 0 6
By the time, for every hour one shilling and sixpence,
and for every half hour after sixpence.

LAWS RESPECTING PORTERAGE.

By 39 Geo. 3. c. 58, no more shall be taken for the porterage of packages, not exceeding 56 lbs. for any distance not exceeding half a mile from the end of the carriage-way pavement of the streets, than the rates following:

 d.
Not exceeding 1 quarter of a mile  3
Above 1 quarter, and not exceeding half a mile  4
————— half a mile, and not exceeding one mile  6
————— 1 mile, and not exceeding 1 mile and a half  8
————— 1 mile and a half, and not exceeding 2 miles 10
And for every other half mile  3
On pain of a fine of not more than 20s. nor less than 5s.

Tickets are to be delivered from the inn with the name of the porter and charge for porterage, on pain of a fine of not more than 40s. nor less than 5s. Porters not bringing tickets, or altering the same, forfeit 40s. For demanding or receiving more than marked, 20s. Parcels brought by coaches, are to be sent from the inn within six hours after their arrival, unless between four and seven in the evening; and then within six hours after such hours in the morning; on pain of a fine not exceeding 20s. nor less than 10s.

Parcels brought by waggon, are to be delivered within twenty hours, under a like penalty.

Parcels directed to be left till called for, are to be delivered on the payment of the carriage and warehouse room, of 2d. for the first week, and 1d. for every subsequent week, on pain of a fine not exceeding 20s. nor less than 10s.

Parcels not directed to be left till called for, shall be delivered to the party, if sent for, at the same charge, under the like penalty.

Porters, employed in porterage, guilty of misbehaviour, may be brought by a warrant before any justice, and fined a sum not exceeding 20s. nor less than 10s.

Persons refusing to pay Porterage may be brought by warrant before any justice, and compelled.

FARES OF WATERMEN.
FROM LONDON BRIDGE, WESTWARD.
————
The following distances are chargeable: for
Oars 6d.—Sculler 3d.
FromLondon Bridge to Paul’s Wharf, or Mason’s Stairs.
Alhallow Stairs to Blackfriars’ Bridge, either side.
Three Cranes to Temple, or Old Barge House.
Paul’s Wharf to Arundel Stairs.
Blackfriars’ Bridge, either side to Somerset House, or Cupar’s Bridge.
Temple to Whitehall, or King’s Arms Stairs.
Strand Lane to Westminster Bridge.
Westminster Bridge, either side to Lambeth Stairs, or Horse Ferry.
Lambeth Stairs, or Horse Ferry to Vauxhall, or Feathers’ Stairs.
Oars 8d.—Sculler 4d.
FromLondon Bridge to Temple, or Old Barge House.
Three Cranes to Strand Lane, or Surrey Stairs.
Queenhithe to Somerset Stairs, or Cupar’s Bridge.
Paul’s Wharf to Adelphi.
Blackfriars’ Bridge to Whitehall, or King’s Arms Stairs.
Temple to Westminster Bridge.
Hungerford to Lambeth Stairs, or Horse Ferry.
Lambeth Stairs to Nine Elms.
Oars 1s.—Sculler 6d.
FromLondon Bridge to Westminster Bridge, or Wooden Bridge.
Blackfriars’ Bridge to Lambeth Stairs, or Horse Ferry.
Strand Lane to Vauxhall, or Feathers’ Stairs.
Hungerford to Nine Elms.
Nine Elms to Chelsea Bridge.
Oars 1s. 6d.—Sculler 9d.
FromLondon Bridge to Lambeth Stairs, or Horse Ferry.
Allhallows to Vauxhall, or Feathers’ Stairs.
Paul’s Wharf to Nine Elms.
Westminster Bridge to Chelsea Bridge.
Oars 2s.—Sculler 1s.
FromLondon Bridge to Nine Elms.
Temple to Chelsea Bridge.
Oars 2s. 6d.—Sculler 1s. 3d.
FromLondon Bridge to Chelsea Bridge.
With Company.
From London Bridge, on either side above. Oars.Each Person.
s. d.s. d.
To Chelsea Bridge 2 6 0 4
To Wandsworth 3 0 0 6
To Putney, Fulham, or Barn Elms 4 0 0 8
To Hammersmith, or Chiswick 5 0 0 9
To Barnes, or Mortlake 6 0 1 0
To Brentford 7 0 1 3
To Twickenham, or Tide End Town 9 0 1 6
To Hampton Court, or Hampton Town 12 0 1 9
To Sunbury, or Walton upon Thames 13 0 1 9
To Shepperton, Weybridge, Chertsey, Laylem 15 0 2 0
To Staines 18 0 2 6
To Datchet, or Windsor 21 0 3 0
FROM LONDON BRIDGE, EASTWARD.
Oars 6d.—Sculler 3d.
FromLondon Bridge to St. Catherine’s, or George’s Stairs.
Somer’s Quay Stairs to Union Stairs, or East Lane Stairs.
Iron Gate to Wapping New Stairs, Rotherhithe Stairs, or King’s Stairs.
Hermitage Stairs to Church Stairs, King Edward Stairs, or Hanover Stairs.
Wapping Old Stairs to New Crane Stairs, or King James’s Stairs.
Wapping New Stairs to Shadwell Dock Stairs.
Execution Dock to Bell Wharf, or King and Queen St.
Church Stairs to Great Stone Stairs.
New Crane Stairs to Ratcliffe Cross, or Globe Stairs.
Shadwell Dock Stairs to Duke Shore Stairs, or Pageants.
Oars 8d.—Sculler 4d.
FromLondon Bridge to Union Stairs, or East Lane Stairs.
Somer’s Quay Stairs to Wapping Old Stairs, or Fountain Stairs.
Tower Stairs to Wapping New Stairs, Rotherhithe Stairs, or King’s Stairs.
Iron Gate to Execution Dock, Prince’s Stairs, or Elephant Stairs.
St. Catherine’s to Church Stairs, King Edward Stairs, or Hanover Stairs.
Hermitage Stairs to New Crane Stairs, or King James’s Stairs.
Union Stairs to Shadwell Dock Stairs.
Wapping Old Stairs to Bell Wharf, or King and Queen St.
Wapping New Stairs to Ratcliffe Cross, or Globe Stairs.
New Crane Stairs to Duke Shore Stairs, or Pageants.

Over the water directly to the opposite shore, from any place between Windsor and Greenwich, with a sculler, two-pence, or a penny for each person, if more than one.

The waterman may demand payment at the rate of three-pence (sculler,) and six-pence (oars,) for every half hour, in lieu of the above fares, when detained by passengers on his way to the place at which they choose ultimately to be set down. For detention after having set down his company, he is paid three-pence (sculler,) and six-pence (oars,) for every half hour after the first, in addition to the above fares.

Note.—Oars in all cases are double the scullers’ fare.

POST OFFICE REGULATIONS.

GENERAL POST.

Letters, to go the same day, must be put into the Post-offices at the west end of the town before five, and at the General Post Office, in Lombard Street, before seven o’clock; but those put into the General Post Office before half-past seven, will go that evening, paying 6d. with each.

The West-India and America packet is made up the first Wednesday in every month; and the Leeward-Island packet, the first and third Wednesday in every month.

The packet for Calais is made up every Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday.

For Ostend, Holland, and Cuxhaven, every Tuesday and Friday. For Sweden, every Friday. For Lisbon, every Tuesday. For the Mediterranean and the Brazils, first Tuesday in every month.

For Gibraltar, Malta, and Corfu, the first Tuesday in each month. For Madeira and Brazils, ditto.

All foreign letters must be paid for, except those for the British West Indies.

A clerk regularly attends at the Money Order Office from nine o’clock in the morning till six in the evening, and guarantees the safe conveyance of any sum, payable at sight by the Deputy Post Masters in the country, Edinburgh, or Dublin; who will also receive any money, and give an order at sight on the Money Order Office in London.

Allowances made for Surcharges from eleven to five o’clock.

N.B. Any person sending or conveying Letters, otherwise than by Post, incurs a penalty of five pounds for every offence.

Table of the Rates of Postage in Great Britain,
(From any Post Office in England or Wales).
For any distance not exceeding 15 miles...4d.
Above 15,and not exceeding20...5d.
Above 20,————30...6d.
30,————50...7d.
50,————80...8d.
80,————120...9d.
120,————170...10d.
170,————250...11d.
250,————300...12d.

And so in proportion; the postage increasing progressively one penny for a single letter for every excess of distance of 100 miles.

All double, treble, and other letters and packets whatever, pay in proportion to the respective rates of single letters; but no letter or packet to or from places within the kingdom of Great Britain, together with the contents thereof, shall be charged more than as a treble letter, unless the same shall weigh an ounce, in which case it is to be rated as four single letters, and so on in proportion for every quarter of an ounce above that weight, reckoning each quarter as a single letter.

A LIST OF MAIL COACHES,

Which set out on the Week-days at Eight, and on Sundays at Six o’Clock in the Evening.

  1. Bath and Bristol, continued to Exeter, from Swan, Lad Lane.
  2. Barton, from Golden Cross, Charing Cross, and Spread Eagle, Gracechurch Street.
  3. Boston, from Bell and Crown, Holborn.
  4. Brighton, from Golden Cross, Charing Cross.
  5. Cambridge, every night, and on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, to St. Ives and Wisbeach, from Golden Cross, Charing Cross, and White Horse, Fetter Lane.
  6. Carlisle, Edinburgh, and Glasgow, from Bull and Mouth, Bull and Mouth Street.
  7. Chester and Holyhead, from Golden Cross, Charing Cross.
  8. Carmarthen, Milford Haven, and Huberstone, from Swan, Lad Lane.
  9. Dover, from Angel, behind St. Clement’s.
  10. Exeter and Falmouth, from Swan, Lad Lane.
  11. Edinburgh, from Bull and Mouth, Bull and Mouth Street.
  12. Gloucester, Carmarthen, and Milford, from the Angel, behind St. Clement’s Church, and Gloucester Coffee House, Piccadilly.
  13. Holyhead, from the Bull and Mouth, through Birmingham and Shrewsbury.
  14. Harwich, from Spread Eagle, Gracechurch Street.
  15. Hull, from Spread Eagle, Gracechurch Street.
  16. Leeds, from Bull and Mouth.
  17. Liverpool, from Swan, Lad Lane.
  18. Manchester and Carlisle, from Swan, Lad Lane.
  19. Norwich, by Ipswich, from Swan, Lad Lane.
  20. Norwich, by Newmarket, from Swan, Lad Lane, and Golden Cross, Charing Cross.
  21. Oxford, from Golden Cross, Charing Cross, and Angel, behind St. Clement’s.
  22. Portsmouth, from Angel, behind St. Clement’s.
  23. Plymouth and Falmouth, from Swan, Lad Lane.
  24. Southampton and Poole, from Bell and Crown, Holborn.
  25. Shrewsbury, Birmingham, Kidderminster, and Bewdley, from Bull and Mouth.
  26. Swansea and Neath, from Swan, Lad Lane.
  27. Worcester and Ludlow, from Golden Cross, Charing Cross, and Bull and Mouth, Bull and Mouth Street.
  28. Yarmouth, from White Horse, Fetter Lane.
  29. York, Edinburgh, Aberdeen, and Inverness, from Bull and Mouth.

TWO-PENNY POST.

There are Two Principal Post Offices, one in the General Post-Office Yard, Lombard-street, and the other in Gerrard-street, Soho. There are, besides, numerous Receiving Houses for Letters, both in Town and Country.

There are SIX Collections and Deliveries of Letters, in Town daily, (Sundays excepted) and there are two Dispatches from and Three Deliveries at most places in the Country, within the Limits of this Office.

The Hours by which Letters should be put into the Receiving Houses in Town, for each delivery, are as follow:

FOR DELIVERY IN TOWN.
Delivery.
Over Night by ......... 8o’Clock for theFirst
Morning ............... 8...............Second
.......................10...............Third
.......................12...............Fourth
Afternoon ............. 2...............Fifth
....................... 5...............Sixth
FOR DELIVERY IN THE COUNTRY.
Delivery.
The preceding Evening by 5o’Clock for theFirst
Morning ................ 8...............Second
Afternoon .............. 2...............Third

But Letters, whether in Town or Country, may be put in at either of the Two Principal Offices, an Hour later for each Dispatch.

Letters put in on Saturday Evening are delivered in the Country on Sunday Morning.

The date Stamp, or, if there are Two, that having the latest Hour, shews also the Time of Day by which the Letters were dispatched for Delivery from the Principal Offices.

The Postage of a Letter from one part of the Town to another, both being within the Delivery of the General Post Office, is Two pence; and to and from parts beyond that Delivery, Three pence; and the Postage of this Office on each Letter passing to or from the General or Foreign Post-Offices, is Two pence.

The Two-penny Postage of all Letters, such as are for Parts out of His Majesty’s Dominions excepted, may or may not be paid at putting in, at the option of the senders.

No Two-penny Post Letter must weigh more than Four Ounces.

The Delivery of this Office extends to the following and intermediate Places; viz.:—

In KENT—Woolwich; Plumstead; Shooter’s Hill; Eltham; Mottingham; South End; Lewisham; Beckenham; and Sydenham.

In SURREY—Croydon; Beddington; Carshalton; Mitcham; Morden; Merton; Wimbledon; Ham; Petersham; and Richmond.

In MIDDLESEX and HERTS—Twickenham; Teddington; Hampton; Hampton-Court; Hampton-Wick; Sunbury; Whitton; Isleworth; Brentford; Ealing; Hamwell; Wembly; Willsdon; Kingsbury; The Hyde; Mill-Hill; Highwood-Hill; Totteridge; Whetstone; Friern-Barnet; East-Barnet; Southgate; Winchmore-Hill; and Enfield.

In ESSEX—Chingford; Sewardstone; High-Beach; Loughton; Chigwell and Row; Wanstead; Ilford; and Barking.

Cash, in Gold or Silver, or other articles of Value enclosed in Letters (Notes or Drafts for Money excepted) to be mentioned to the Office-keeper at putting in; but it is recommended that Bank Notes, or others payable to Bearer, be cut in half and sent at twice, the Second Part not to be sent till the Receipt of the First is acknowledged. This Office however is not liable to make good the loss of any Property sent by Post.

It is earnestly requested that Persons receiving Letters will not detain the Letter-Carriers at their doors longer than can be avoided.

Letters for this Delivery are frequently by mistake put into the General Post, by which they are unavoidably delayed; It is therefore recommended that they be put into the Two-penny Post Offices or Receiving Houses, in order that they may be regularly forwarded by their proper conveyance.

Bye-post. A Bye Post is established on each Road within the Country-Delivery of this Office, by which Letter are transmitted from one part to another of the same district, direct, and without coming to London.

Any irregularity in the Delivery of Letters, communicated to the Comptroller, will be duly attended to, and if the Covers bearing the date Stamp are produced they will assist materially in discovering where the fault lies.

BAROMETER of TEMPERANCE & INTEMPERANCE.

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The Footman should study the following Tables of Priority of Rank among Persons of distinction,—a knowledge of which will enable him to evince peculiar Tact in his situation, and save his Master or Mistress much trouble in directing him, when waiting at Table.

A Table of Precedency among Gentlemen,—who ought tobe served according to their respective Ranks.
1.King’s Sons.
2.King’s Brothers.
3.King’s Uncles.
4.King’s Grandsons.
5.King’s Nephews.
6.Archbishop of Canterbury.
7.Lord high Chancellor.
8.Archbishop of York.
9.Lord Treasurer.
10.Lord President of the Privy Council.
11.Lord Privy Seal.
12.Lord High Constable.
13.Lord Great Chamberlain of England.
14.Earl Marshall.
15.Lord High Admiral.
16.Lord Steward of the Household.
17.Dukes according to their Patents.
18.Marquesses.
19.Dukes’ eldest Sons.
20.Earls.
21.Marquesses’ eldest Sons.
22.Dukes’ younger Sons.
23.Viscounts.
24.Earls’ eldest Sons.
25.Marquesses’ eldest Sons.
26.Bishop of London.
27.Bishop of Durham.
28.Bishop of Winchester.
29.Bishops according to their seniority of consecration.
30.Barons.
31.Speaker of the House of Commons.
32.Viscounts’ eldest Sons.
33.Earls’ younger Sons.
34.Barons’ eldest Sons.
35.Knights of the Garter.
36.Privy Councillors.
37.Chancellor of the Exchequer.
38.Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.
39.Lord Chief Justice of the King’s Bench.
40.The Master of the Rolls.
41.The Vice-Chancellor.
42.Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas.
43.Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer.
44.Judges and Barons of the Exchequer according to seniority.
45.Knights Bannerets royal.
46.Viscounts’ younger Sons.
47.Barons’ younger Sons.
48.Baronets.
49.Knights Bannerets.
50.Knights of the Bath Grand Crosses.
51.Knights Commanders of the Bath.
52.Knights Bachelors.
53.Eldest Sons of the eldest Sons of Peers.
54.Baronets’ eldest Sons.
55.Knights of the Garter’s eldest Sons.
56.Bannerets’ eldest Sons.
57.Knights of the Bath’s eldest Sons.
58.Knights’ eldest Sons.
59.Baronets’ younger Sons.
60.Sergeants at Law.
61.Doctors, Deans, and Chancellors.
62.Masters in Chancery.
63.Companions of the Bath.
64.Esquires of the King’s Body.
65.Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber.
66.Esquires of the Knights of the Bath.
67.Esquires by creation.
68.Esquires by office or commission.
69.Younger Sons of the Knights of the Garter.
70.Younger Sons of Bannerets.
71.Younger Sons of Knights of the Bath.
72.Younger Sons of Knights Bachelors.
73.Gentlemen entitled to bear arms.
74.Clergymen not dignitaries,
75.Barristers at Law.
76.Officers of the Navy.
77.Officers of the Army.
78.Citizens.
79.Burgesses.
80.Married Men and Widowers, before Single Men of the same rank.
Precedency among Ladies.
1.Daughters of the King.
2.Wives of the King’s Sons.
3.Wives of the King’s Brothers.
4.Wives of the King’s Uncles.
5.Wives of the eldest Sons of Dukes of the blood royal.
6.Wives of the King’s Nephews.
7.Duchesses.
8.Marchionesses.
9.Wives of the eldest Sons of Dukes.
10.Daughters of Dukes.
11.Countesses.
12.Wives of the eldest Sons of Marquesses.
13.Daughters of Marquesses.
14.Wives of the younger Sons of Dukes.
15.Viscountesses.
16.Wives of the eldest Sons of Earls.
17.Daughters of Earls.
18.Wives of the younger Sons of Marquesses.
19.Wives of Archbishops.
20.Wives of Bishops.
21.Baronesses.
22.Wives of the eldest sons of Viscounts.
23.Daughters of Viscounts.
24.Wives of the younger Sons of Earls.
25.Wives of the Sons of Barons.
26.Maids of Honour.
27.Wives of the younger Sons of Viscounts.
28.Wives of the younger Sons of Barons.
29.Wives of Baronets.
30.Wives of the Knights of the Garter.
31.Wives of Bannerets.
32.Wives of Knights Grand Crosses of the Bath.
33.Wives of Knights Commanders of the Bath.
34.Wives of Knights Bachelors.
35.Wives of the eldest Sons of the younger Sons of Peers.
36.Wives of the eldest Sons of Baronets.
37.Daughters of Baronets.
38.Wives of the eldest Sons of Knights of the Garter.
39.Wives of the eldest Sons of Bannerets.
40.Daughters of Bannerets.
41.Wives of the eldest Sons of Knights of the Bath.
42.Daughters of Knights of the Bath.
43.Wives of the Eldest Sons of Knights Bachelors.
44.Daughters of Knights Bachelors.
45.Wives of the younger Sons of Baronets.
46.Daughters of Knights.
47.Wives of the Companions of the Order of the Bath.
48.Wives of the Esquires of the King’s Body.
49.Wives of the Esquires of the Knights of the Bath.
50.Wives of Esquires by creation.
51.Wives of Esquires by office.
52.Wives of younger Sons of Knights of the Garter.
53.Wives of the younger Sons of Bannerets.
54.Wives of the younger Sons of Knights of the Bath.
55.Wives of the younger Sons of Knights Bachelors.
56.Wives of Gentlemen entitled to bear arms.
57.Daughters of Esquires entitled to bear arms.
58.Daughters of Gentlemen entitled to bear arms.
59.Wives of Clergymen.
60.Wives of Barristers at Law.
61.Wives of Officers in the Navy.
62.Wives of Officers in the Army.
63.Wives of Citizens.
64.Wives of Burgesses.
65.Widows.
66.Daughters of Citizens.
67.Daughters of Burgesses.
In Addition to the above Regulations, observe:
1.That Preference is to be given to Persons of superior Age of the same Rank.
2.That Ladies of all Ranks are to be served before their Husbands.
3.That, among Ladies—Wives Rank first,—Widows next,—and unmarried Ladies last.
4.That Strangers are, in all Cases, to be served first, and the Young Ladies of your own Family last.
Note also,—That at Public Meetings in the Country, preference is usually given to the Lady of the greatest Landholder.

Modes of Address in Writing and Speaking.

TO THE ROYAL FAMILY.

To the King’s Most Excellent Majesty:—Sire, or May it please your Majesty.

To his Royal Highness Frederick, Duke of York:—May it please your Royal Highness. And so to all the rest of the Royal Family, male and female, changing their names and titles.

TO THE NOBILITY.

To His Grace the Duke of Wellington:—My Lord Duke—Your Grace. To the most Noble The Marquis of B.:—My Lord Marquis—Your Lordship. To the Rt. Hon. The Earl of D. To the Right Hon. Lord Viscount F. To the Right Hon. Lord G.:—My Lord—Your Lordship.

Note.—Noblemen’s Wives are to be addressed in the same style.

Note also, that by courtesy of England, all the Sons of Dukes and Marquesses and the eldest Sons of Earls, have the titles of Lord and Right Honourable; and their daughters have the title of Honourable, but without any other addition. Every gentleman, in any place of honour or trust, is styled Honourable.

The Members of His Majesty’s Privy Council, the Lord Mayors of London, York, and Dublin, and the Lord Provost of Edinburgh, for the time being, are styled Right Honourable.

Every considerable Servant to his Majesty, or any other of the Royal Family, is, while on the Civil, Naval, or Military List, distinguished by the title of Esquire.

Every Member of Parliament is an Esquire, but if he has a higher title, remember always to address him and every Gentleman by his highest title.

TO THE HOUSE OF LORDS.

To the Right Hon. the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, in the Imperial Parliament of the United Kingdom, Assembled:—My Lords—May it please Your Lordships.

TO THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.

To the Knights, Citizens, and Burgesses, in the Imperial Parliament of the United Kingdom, Assembled:—Gentlemen—May it please Your Honourable House. To the Right Hon. Sir A. B. Speaker of the Honourable House of Commons.—As he is generally a member of the Privy Council—Right Honourable Sir.

TO THE CLERGY.

To the most Reverend Father in God, A. Lord Archbishop of C.:—My Lord—Your Grace. To the Right Reverend Father in God, B. Lord Bishop of L.:—Right Reverend Sir. To the very Reverend Mr. or Dr. C. D. Dean of E. To the Reverend Mr. or Dr. F.

 Chancellor of G.
 Archdeacon of H.
 Prebendary of I. Reverend Sir.
 Rector of K.
 Vicar of L.
 Curate of M.

Note.—All Clergymen are styled Reverend.

TO THE OFFICERS OF HIS MAJESTY’S HOUSEHOLD.

The Officers of His Majesty’s Household are generally addressed according to their Quality, and sometimes according to their Office, or both; as

To My Lord Steward.
My Lord Chamberlain.
The Rt. Hon. The Earl of B.
Lord Privy Seal—Lord President of the Council, &c. &c.—One of His Majesty’s Principal Secretaries of State, &c.—My Lord. To the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury—of the Admiralty, &c. My Lords—or May it please Your Lordships. To the Honourable the Commissioners of His Majesty’s Board of Customs—Excise, &c.:—May it please Your Honours.

TO MILITARY OFFICERS.

To the Right Hon. The Earl of B. Captain of His Majesty’s first Troop of Horse Guards, &c. To A. B. Esq. Lieut. General of ——, Surveyor-General of the Ordnance.

TO NAVAL OFFICERS.

To His Royal Highness the Duke of Clarence:—Lord High Admiral of Great Britain:—May it please Your Royal Highness. To Vice-Admirals, or Rear-Admirals:—Sir—or Your Honour—except they be Noblemen.

TO AMBASSADORS.

To His Excellency Sir A. B. Bart. Envoy Extraordinary from His Britannic Majesty to ——; Ambassador to ——; Resident at, &c.:—Your Excellency. To the Secretaries and Consuls:—Sir.

TO THE JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

To the Right Honourable A. Baron of B.—Lord High Chancellor—Lord Chief Justice of the King’s-Bench, &c.:—My Lord—Your Lordship.

N.B.—All the other Judges, in their Official Capacities, are styled Lords, &c. and every Barrister is styled Esquire. Private Gentlemen in the Commission of the Peace, Sheriffs and Recorders, are also styled Esquires, with the appellation of Worshipful. But, the Aldermen and Recorder of the City of London, and all Mayors of Corporations, have the title of Right Worshipful.

Bodies Corporate are styled Honourable, and sometimes Worshipful.

Abbreviations in Writing and Printing
————
A.B. or B.A. Bachelor of Arts.
A.M. or M.A. Master of Arts.
A.M. Anno Mundi. In the year of the world.
A.D. Anno Domini. In the year of our Lord.
A. M. Ante Meridiem. Before noon.
Acct. Account.
Ann. Annum. Yearly. Per Annum. By the year.
Ansr. Answer.
Abp. Archbishop.
Adml. Admiral.
Admr. Administrator.
B.V.M. Blessed Virgin Mary.
Bart. Baronet.
C.C.C. Corpus Christi College.
Ct. or Cent. An hundred.
Capt. Captain.
Col. Colonel.
Co. Company, County.
C.S. Custos Sigili. Keeper of the Seal.
Cr. Creditor.
Dr. Debtor. Doctor.
D.D. Doctor in Divinity.
D. Duke.
Do. Ditto, the same.
E.G. exempli gratia. For example.
E. Earl.
Esqr. Esquire.
Extr. Executor.
F.R.S. Fellow of the Royal Society.
F.S.A. Fellow of the Society of Arts.
G.R. Georgius Rex, King George.
Genl. General.
Gent. Gentlemen.
Govr. Governor.
Hum. Humble.
Honble. Honourable.
Imp. Imprimis, first.
Inst. Instant.
It. Item, also.
Id. Idem, Ibid. Ibidem, the same.
i.e. id est, that is.
J.H.S. Jesus Hominum Salvator. Jesus Saviour of Men.
K.G. Knight of the Garter.
K.B. Knight of the Bath.
Knt. Knight.
Ld. Lord.
Lp. Lordship.
LL.D. Doctor of Laws.
Lday. Lady-day.
Lieut. Lieutenant.
L.C.J. Lord Chief Justice.
M.D. Doctor in Medicine.
M.S. Memoria Sacrum. Sacred to the Memory.
M. Marquis.
Mr. Master.
Mrs. Mistress.
Mem. Memento. Remember.
Mich. Michaelmas.
Midsr. Midsummer.
Madm. Madam.
Messrs. Masters, or Gentlemen.
Monsr. Monsieur.
MS. Manuscript.
Math. Mathematics, or Mathematician.
N.B. Nota Bene, Mark well.
N.S. New Style.
No. Numero. Number.
O.S. Old Style.
Obedt. Obedient.
P. M. Post Meridiem, Afternoon.
Philo. Math. Lover of Learning.
Pd. Paid.
Per. By.
Penult. Last except one.
P.S. Postscript.
Qty. Quantity.
Q.E.D. which is demonstrated.
q.d. quasi dicat, as much as to say.
Rex. King.
Regina. Queen.
Rt. Hon. Right Honourable.
Rt. Revd. Right Reverend.
Rt. Wpful. Right Worshipful.
Recd. Received.
Rect. Receipt.
St. Saint, Holy.
St. Street.
Servt. Servant.
Ult. Ultimo. Last.
Viz. Videlicet, Namely.
Wp. Worship.
Xmas. Christmas.
&c. Et cetera, and so forth.
LIST of FRENCH and other FOREIGN WORDS and PHRASES in common Use,
with their Pronunciation and Explanation.
Aid-de-camp (aid-di-cong). Assistant to a general.
A-la-mode (al-a-mode). In the fashion.
Antique (an-teek). Ancient, or Antiquity.
A propos (ap-ro-po). To the purpose, Seasonably, or By the bye.
Auto da fe (auto-da-fa). Act of faith (burning of heretics).
Bagatelle (ba-ga-tel). Trifle.
Beau (bo). A man drest fashionably.
Beau monde (bo-mond). People of fashion.
Belle (bell). A woman of fashion or beauty.
Belles lettres (bell-letter). Polite literature.
Billet doux (bil-le-doo). Love letter.
Bon mot (bon-mo). A piece of wit.
Bon ton (bon-tong). Fashion.
Boudoir (boo-dwar). A small private apartment.
Carte blanche (cart-blansh). Unconditional terms.
Chateau (shat-o). Country-seat.
Chef d’œuvre (she-deuvre). Master piece.
Ci-devant (see-de-vang). Formerly.
Comme il faut (com-e-fo). As it should be.
Con amore (con-a-mo-re). Gladly.
Conge d’elire (congee-de-leer). Permission to choose.
Corps (core). Body.
Coup de grace (coo-de-grass). Finishing stroke.
Coup de main (coo-de-main). Sudden enterprize.
Coup d’œil (coo-deil) View, or Glance.
Debut (de-bu). Beginning.
Denouement (de-nooa-mong). Finishing, or Winding up.
Dernier ressort (dern-yair-res-sor). Last resort.
Depôt (dee-po). Store, or Magazine.
Dieu et mon droit (dew-a-mon-drwau). God and my right.
Double entendre (doo-blean-tan-der). Double meaning.
Douceur (doo-seur). A bribe.
Eclaircissement (ec-lair-cis-mong). Explanation.
Eclat (ec-la). Splendour.
Eleve (el-ave). Pupil.
En bon point (ang-bon-poing). Jolly.
En flute (ang-flute). Carrying guns on the upper deck only.
En masse (ang-mass). In a mass.
En passant (ang-pas-sang). By the way.
Ennui (ang-wee). Tiresomeness.
Entreé (ong-tray). Entrance.
Faux pas (fo-pa). Misconduct.
Honi soit qui mal y pense (ho-nee-swau kee mal e panss). May evil happen to him who evil thinks.
Ich dien (ik deen). I serve.
Incógnito. Disguised, or unknown.
In pétto. Hid, or in reserve.
Je ne sais quoi (ge-ne-say-kwan). I know not what.
Jeu de mots (zheu-de-mo). Play upon words.
Jeu d’esprit (zheu-de-sprie). Play of wit.
L’argent (lar-zhang). Money, or silver.
Mal-a-propos (mal-ap-ro-po). Unseasonable, or unseasonably.
Mauvaise honte (mo-vaiz honte). Unbecoming bashfulness.
Nom de guerre (nong des giair). Assumed name.
Nonchalance (non-shal-ance). Indifference.
Outre (oot-ray). Preposterous.
Perdue (per-due). Concealed.
Petit maitre (pette e maiter). Fop.
Protege (pro-te-zhay). A person patronized and protected.
Rouge (rooge). Red, or red paint.
Sang froid (sang-froau). Coolness.
Sans (sang). Without.
Savant (sav-ang). A learned man.
Soi-disant (swau-dee-zang). Pretended.
Tête-a-tête (tait-a-tait). Face to face, or private conversation of two persons.
Unique (yew-neek). Singular.
Valet de chambre (val’-e-de-shamb). Footman.
Vive le roi (veev-ler-wau). Long live the king.
EXPLANATION of LATIN WORDS and PHRASES in common use.
N. B. The pronunciation is the same as if the words were English;
 but divided into distinct syllables, and accented as below.
Ad cap-tan′dum. To attract
Ad in-fin′-i-tum. To infinity
Ad lib′-it-um. At pleasure
Ad ref-er-end′-um. For consideration
Ad va-lo′-rem. According to value
A for-ti-o′-ri. With stronger reason
A′-li-as. Otherwise
Al′-ib-i. Proof of having been elsewhere
Al′-ma ma′ter. University
Ang′-li-ce. In English
A pri-o′-ri. From a prior reason
Ar-ca′num, or Ar-ca′-na. Secret, or Secrets
Ar-gu-men′-tum ad hom′-in-em. Personal argument
Au′di al′-ter-am par′-tem. Hear both sides
Bo′-na fi′-de. In reality.
Cac-o-e′-thes scri-ben-di. Passion for writing
Com′-pos men′-tis. In one’s senses
Cre′-dat Ju-dæ′us. I do not believe it
Cum mul′-tis a′-li-is. With many others
Cum priv-i-le′-gi-o. With privilege
Da′-tum, or Da′-ta. Point or points settled or determined
De fac′-to. In fact
De′-i gra′-ti-a. By the grace of God
De ju-re. By right
Dom′-in-e di′-re-ge nos. O Lord direct us
Dram′-a-tis per-so′-næ. Characters represented
Du-ran′-te be′-ne pla″-ci-to. During pleasure
Du-ran′-te vi′-ta. During life
Er′-go. Therefore
Er-ra′-ta. Errors
Est′-o per-pet′-u-a. May it last for ever
Ex. Late, or out of
Ex of-fi″-ci-o. Officially
Ex par′-te. On one side only
Fac sim′-i-le. An exact copy
Fe′-lo de se. Self-murderer
Fi′-at. Let it be done, or made
Fi-nis. End
Gra′-tis. For nothing
Ib-i′-dem. In the same place
I′-dem. The same
Id est. That is
Im-pri-ma′-tur. Let it be printed
Im-pri′-mis. In the first place
In cœ′-lo qui′-es. In heaven is rest
In-for′-ma pau′-per-is. As a pauper
In com-men′-dam. For a time
In pro′-pri-a per-so′-na. In person
In sta′-tu quo. In the former state
In ter-ro′-rem. As a warning
Ip′-se dix′-it. Mere assertion
Ip′-so fac′-to. By the mere fact
I′-tem. Also, or article
Ju′-re di-vi′-no. By divine right
Lo′-cum te′-nens. Deputy
Mag′-na char′-ta (kar′-ta). The great charter of England
Me-men′-to mo′-ri. Remember death
Me′-um and tu′-um. Mine and thine
Mul-tum in par′-vo. Much in a little
Ne plus ul′-tra. Greatest extent
No′-lens vo′-lens. Willing or not
Non com′-pos or Non com′-pos men′-tis. Out of one´s senses
O tem′-po-ra, O mo′-res. O the times, O the manners
Om-nes. All
O′-nus. Burden
Pas′-sim. Every where
Per se. Alone, or by itself
Pro bo′-no pub′-li-co. For the public benefit
Pro and con. For and against
Pro for′-ma. For form’s sake
Pro hac vi′-ce. For this time
Pro re na′-ta. For the occasion
Pro tem′-po-re. For the time
Quis sep-er-a-bit. Who shall separate us?
Quo an-i-mo. Intention
Quon′-dam. Former
Re-qui-es′-cat in pa′-ce. May he rest in peace
Re-sur′-gam. I shall rise again
Rex. King
Scan′-da-lum mag-na-tum. Great scandal
Sem′-per e-a′-dem, or sem′-per i′-dem. Always the same
Se-ri-a-tim. In regular order
Si′-ne di′-e. Without naming a day
Si′-ne qua non. Indispensably requisite
Su′-i gen-e-ris. Unparalleled
Sum′-mum bo′-num. Greatest good
Tri′-a junc′-ta in u′-no. Three in one
U′-no vo′-ce. Unanimously
U′-ti-le dul′-ci. Utility with pleasure
Va′-de me′-cum. Constant companion
Vel′-u-ti in spec-u-lum. As in a glass
Ver′-sus. Against
Vi′-a. By the way of
Vi′-ce. In the room of
Vi′-ce ver′-sa. The reverse
Vi′-de. See
Vi-vant rex et re-gi-na. Long live the king and queen
Roman Numerals.
————————
I.1.One.
II.2.Two.
III.3.Three.
IV.4.Four.
V.5.Five.
VI.6.Six.
VII.7.Seven.
VIII.8.Eight.
IX.9.Nine.
X.10.Ten.
XI.11.Eleven.
XII.12.Twelve.
XIII.13.Thirteen.
XIV.14.Fourteen.
XV.15.Fifteen.
XVI.16.Sixteen.
XVII.17.Seventeen.
XVIII.18.Eighteen.
XIX.19.Nineteen.
XX.20.Twenty.
XXI.21.Twenty-one.
XXX.30.Thirty.
XL.40.Forty.
L.50.Fifty.
LX.60.Sixty.
LXX.70.Seventy.
LXXX.80.Eighty.
XC.90.Ninety.
C.100.One Hundred.
CC.200.Two Hundred.
CCC.300.Three Hundred.
CCCC.400.Four Hundred.
D.500.Five Hundred.
DC.600.Six Hundred.
DCC.700.Seven Hundred.
DCCC.800.Eight Hundred.
DCCCC.900.Nine Hundred.
M.1000.One Thousand.
MM.2000.Two Thousand.
MDCCCXXV.1825.One Thousand Eight Hundred
 and Twenty Five.

The ancient Romans in their notation made use of the following seven letters; viz. I. V. X. L. C. D. and M. which singly stood for one, five, ten, fifty, one hundred, five hundred, and one thousand. By repeating and combining these any other numbers were formed.

The annexing a less number to a greater increases its value, and denotes the sum of both; as VI. signifies six. The prefixing a less number to a greater lessens its value, or shews their difference; thus, IV. is four, &c. The word thousand is often expressed by a line drawn over the top of a number; thus, X̅. signifies ten thousand.

Abbreviations and Characters, in Common Use.
L. S. D. Libra, Pounds; Solidi, Shillings; Denarii, Pence.
Cwt. One hundred weight, or 112 lbs.
Q. or Qrs. A quarter or quarters of a hundred, or 28 lbs.
lb. or lbs. A pound or several pounds.
Oz. (℥) ounce or ounces.
Dwts. Pennyweights.
Dr. (ʒ) Drams; ℈ scruples; grs. grains.
Bk. Book; ch. chapter; v. verse; ¶ paragraph; § section.
Fol. folio; 4to. quarto; 8vo. octavo; 12mo. duodecimo.
° ′ ″ Hours, minutes, and seconds of Time; or Degrees, minutes
  and seconds, in Geographical and Astronomical Measurement.
Yr. Year; Qr. Quarter; Mo. Month; Wk. Week; D. Day.
Jan. January; Feb. February; Mar. March; Ap. April;
  Aug. August; Sept. September; Oct. October;
  Nov. November; Dec. December.
Yd. Yard; Ft. foot or feet; In. inches.
Pt. Pint; Qt. Quart; Gal. Gallon; Fir. Firkin; Kil. Kilderkin;
  Bar. Barrel; Hhd. Hogshead; P. Pipe; B. Butt; T. Tun.
P. Pole, Perch, Rod, or Lug; R. Rood; M. Mile; F. Furlong.
Forms of a Receipt, Notes, &c.*
————————
Receipt.
  Received, January 6th, 1825, of A—— B——, Esq.Seventeen Pounds and Ten Shillings, for one Quarter’sWages,† due Dec. 25th last.
  ————————
  £17 10 0James Handy.  
  ————————
Note of Hand, or Promissory Note.
——————
  ———————
  £25 0 0London, April 5th, 1825.  
  ———————
  On Demand,‡ I promise to pay to Mr. C—— D——,or Order, the sum of Twenty-Five Pounds, for value received.
Richard Pearson,  
No. 101, Essex St. Strand.
Draft, or Bill.
——————
  ————————
  £75 10 0London, March 17th, 1825.  
  ————————
  Two Months§ after Date pay to my Order Seventy-FivePounds and Ten Shillings, for value received.
To Charles H. Lewis, Esq.James Smith.
Merchant, Liverpool.
————————————
  N.B. A Draft is payable by the Person on whom it is drawn,it must be accepted by him, in writing, on the face of it.
* For the Stamps for RECEIPTS, NOTES, &c. see page [48].
† Rent,—on Account,—or, in full,—or, as the case may be.
‡ Two Months after Date, or, as the case may be.
§ On Demand,—or, at Six Months, or as the case may be.
MULTIPLICATION TABLE,
With the Pence Added.
s. d.
Twice 2 are 4 0 4
3 ... 6 0 6
4 ... 8 0 8
5 ... 10 0 10
6 ... 12 1 0
7 ... 14 1 2
8 ... 16 1 4
9 ... 18 1 6
10 ... 20 1 8
11 ... 22 1 10
12 ... 24 2 0
3 times 3 are 9 0 9
4 ... 12 1 0
5 ... 15 1 3
6 ... 18 1 6
7 ... 21 1 9
8 ... 24 2 0
9 ... 27 2 3
10 ... 30 2 6
11 ... 33 2 9
12 ... 36 3 0
4 times 4 are 16 1 4
5 ... 20 1 8
6 ... 24 2 0
7 ... 28 2 4
8 ... 32 2 8
9 ... 36 3 0
10 ... 40 3 4
11 ... 44 3 8
12 ... 48 4 0
5 times 5 are 25 2 1
6 ... 30 2 6
7 ... 35 2 11
8 ... 40 3 4
9 ... 45 3 9
10 ... 50 4 2
11 ... 55 4 7
12 ... 60 5 0
6 times 6 are 36 3 0
7 ... 42 3 6
8 ... 48 4 0
9 ... 54 4 6
10 ... 60 5 0
11 ... 66 5 6
12 ... 72 6 0
7 times 7 are 49 4 1
8 ... 56 4 8
9 ... 63 5 3
10 ... 70 5 10
11 ... 77 6 5
12 ... 84 7 0
8 times 8 are 64 5 4
9 ... 72 6 0
10 ... 80 6 8
11 ... 88 7 4
12 ... 96 8 0
9 times 9 are 81 6 9
10 ... 90 7 6
11 ... 99 8 3
12 ... 108 9 0
10 times 10 are 100 8 4
11 ... 110 9 2
12 ... 120 10 0
11 times 11 are 121 10 1
12 ... 132 11 0
12 times 12 are 144 12 0

N. B.—Any two numbers multiplied into each other produce the same amount. Thus: 3 times 4 are 12; and 4 times 3 are 12.—Also, 4 times 5 are 20; and 5 times 4 are 20. And so of all others.

Use and Application.—How much do 7 pounds of sugar come to at ten-pence per lb.—Ans. 7 times 10, or 10 times 7, are 70, and 70 pence are five shillings and ten pence, the value of the sugar.

MONEY TABLES.
4Farthings make1Penny
12Pence1Shilling
20Shillings1Sovereign or a Pound
PENCE TABLES.
Pence. s. d.
20 are 1 8
30 ... 2 6
40 ... 3 4
50 ... 4 2
60 ... 5 0
70 ... 5 10
80 ... 6 8
90 ... 7 6
100 ... 8 4
110 ... 9 2
120 ...10 0
Pence. s. d.
12 are 1 0
24 ... 2 0
36 ... 3 0
48 ... 4 0
60 ... 5 0
72 ... 6 0
84 ... 7 0
96 ... 8 0
108 ... 9 0
120 ...10 0
TABLE OF SHILLINGS.
Shillings. £. s. d.
20make 1 0 0
30... 1 10 0
40... 2 0 0
50... 2 10 0
60... 3 0 0
70... 3 10 0
80... 4 0 0
90... 4 10 0
100... 5 0 0
105... 5 5 0
EVEN PARTS OF A SHILLING.
d.
6 ishalf
4 ..1-3d
3 ..1-4th
2 ..1-6th
1½..1-8th
1 ..1-12th
¾ ..1-16th
½ ..1-24th
¼ ..1-48th
EVEN PARTS OF A SOVEREIGN
OR POUND.
s. d.
10 0ishalf
6 8..1-3d
5 0or a Crown1-4th
4 0..1-5th
3 4..1-6th
2 6or half a Crown1-8th
2 0..1-10th
1 8..1-12th
1 0..1-20th

THE VALUE OF GOLD AND SILVER.

Gold.—An ounce of Standard Gold, of 22 Carats fine, (that is, having 22 parts of pure Gold, and 2 parts of Alloy,) is worth £4—a pennyweight 4d, and a grain 2d. A sovereign weighs about a quarter of an ounce.

Silver.—An ounce is worth 5s. and a pennyweight 3d. This is, about one fifteenth part of the value of Gold. A crown piece weighs about an ounce.

Characters used in Accounts, for the Sake of Brevity.
+ Plus, or More,  Addition, thus,3 + 4 = 7
- Minus, or Less,  Subtraction, ...5 - 3 = 2
× Multiply,  Multiplication, ...3 × 4 = 12
÷ Divide,  Division, ...12 ÷ 3 = 4
= Equal,  Equality, ...6 + 6 = 12
: :: : Proportion,  Proportionality, ...1:4::3:12
A Table of Customary Weights and Measures.
lbs.
A Firkin of Butter is 56 42 Feet is a Ton of Shipping.
A Barrel of Do. or 4 Firkins 224 40 Feet of rough, or 50 Feet of
A Firkin of Soap 64 hewn Timber is a Load or Ton.
A Barrel of Do. or 4 Firkins 256 A Dozen is 12; a long Dozen is 13.
A Barrel of Pot-ashes 200 A Gross is 12 Dozen, or 144.
A Barrel of Anchovies 30 A Pace is 3 Feet or a Yard.
A Barrel of Candles 120 Mathematicians conceive every
A Stone of Butchers’ Meat 8 Circle to be divided into 360
A Stone, Horsemen’s weight, equal Parts, called Degrees, and
or Butchers’ Meat in the each Degree into 60 equal parts,
country 14 called Seconds, and each Second
A Stone of Glass, 5 lbs. and, subdivided into 60 smaller parts,
a Seam of Do. or 24 Stones 120 called thirds, and so on.
A Quire of Paper is 24 Sheets. The Diameter of a Circle is a
A Ream of Paper is 20 Quires.straight line drawn from one side
A Bundle of Paper is 2 Reams.to the other through the centre;
A Cord or Stack of Wood isand is one-third of the circumfe-
108 solid Feet.rence.
TABLES OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
TROY WEIGHT.

N.B. The Imperial Standard Troy Pound,established in 1758, containing 5760Grains, became, May 1, 1825, the ONLYgenuine standard weight from which allother weights are to be derived, computed,and ascertained.

24 Grains make 1 Pennyweight
20 Pennyweights 1 Ounce
12 Ounces 1 Pound

The proportion that Avoirdupois bearsto Troy Weight, from which it isderived, is as 7000, the number of Troygrains in a pound Avoirdupois, is to5760, the grains in a pound Troy.The Pound Avoirdupois makes 14 oz.11 dwt. and 16 grains Troy; and 9pounds Avoirdupois are equal to nearly11 pounds Troy.

⁂ By Troy weight Jewels, Gold, Silver,&c. are weighed.

AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT.

N.B. This weight is derived from the ImperialStandard Troy Pound, 7000 grainsTroy making one pound Avoirdupois,and the proportion it bears to TroyWeight is as 7000 to 5760, the numberof grains in each pound respectively.The Pound Troy is equal to13 oz. 2 drms. ⅔ Avoirdupois, and(nearly) 11 Pounds Troy are equal to9 Pounds Avoirdupois.

16 Drams make 1 Ounce
16 Ounces 1 Pound
28 Pounds ¼ of a Cwt.
4 Qrtrs. (112 lb.) 1 Cwt.
20 Hundreds 1 Ton

⁂ By this weight Bread, Butter,Cheese, Meat, Grocery, Drugs, andall coarse goods that have waste, arebought and sold.

APOTHECARIES’ WEIGHT.
20 Grains make 1 Scruple
3 Scruples 1 Dram
8 Drams 1 Ounce

⁂ Apothecaries compound their medicinesby this weight, but they buyand sell by Avoirdupois Weight.

BREAD.
lbs.oz.dwts.    
A Peck Loaf weighs17 6 2
Half do. 811 1
Quartern do. 4 5 8
Half Quartern do. 2 212

Note.—By a late act, Bakers in Londonand within 10 miles thereof are to sellbread by the pound only, and areobliged to keep scales and weights intheir shops, at all times, and toweigh every loaf, in the presence ofthe customer, before they deliver it,whether requested so to do or not,under severe penalties. In everyother part of the kingdom bread issold by weight, according to theabove table.

By a former act, whatever is the priceof the best wheat in shillings, so manypence must be the price of the quarternloaf, (with one penny more forbaking.) And, when the best wheatenbread is sold at 8d., the standardshould be sold for 7d., and the householdfor 6d.

THE NEW
MEASURES OF CAPACITY.

Wine, Spirituous Liquors, Ale,Beer, and all sorts of Liquids, as wellas Corn, and all kinds of Dry Goods, arenow bought and sold by one measureonly; of which the basis is the GALLON,containing ten pounds Avoirdupoisof distilled or rain water, andcalled the Imperial Standard Gallon.

This new measure is larger than the formerWine Measure by about one-fifth;therefore a gallon of Wine, or otherarticle, that is worth 5s. by the oldWine Measure, is worth 6s. by thismeasure; and so on at the rate of 2½d.more in every shilling: and the presentnew gallon being smaller than the formerBeer and Ale Gallon by one-sixtiethpart, the difference will be 1d.upon 5s. less than by the old measure;that is one farthing upon 15d. less,whatever may be the amount.

4 Gills make 1 Pint
2 Pints 1 Quart
4 Quarts 1 Gallon
9 Gallons 1 Firkin
10 Gallons 1 Anker
18 Gallons (2 Fir.) 1 Kilderkin
36 Gall. (2 Kild.) 1 Barrel
54 Gall. (3 Kild.) 1 Hogshead
42 Gallons 1 Tierce
63 Gallons 1 Hhd. of Wine
84 Gallons 1 Puncheon
108 Gal. (2 Hhds.) 1 Butt of Beer
126 Gal. (2 Hhds.) 1 Pipe of Wine
2 Pipes (4 Hhds.) 1 Tun
THE NEW MEASURE FOR CORN,

and all other dry goods; (exceptthose measured by heap.)

2 Pints make 1 Quart
4 Quarts 1 Gallon
2 Gallons 1 Peck
8 Gal. (4 Pecks) 1 Bushel
2 Bushels 1 Strike
4 Bushels 1 Sack or Coomb
8 Bushel (2 Sacks) 1 Quarter
5 Quarters 1 Load or Way

N.B. The Imperial Standard Gallon, containing10 gallons of pure water, (thesame as for liquids) is the basis ofthis measure.

This is about a thirty-second part, or onequart on a bushel, larger than the formerWinchester Measure; therefore aBushel of Oats, or any quantity of anything, that is worth 2s. 8d. WinchesterMeasure, is worth 2s. 9d. by this;—aBushel of Barley, Rye, or other thing,that would cost 5s. 4d. WinchesterMeasure, will cost 5s. 6d. by the new;—anda Bushel of Wheat, Malt, &c.worth 8s. by the Winchester Bushel isworth 8s. 3d. by the Imperial Bushel;—andso on at the rate of one farthingupon every 8d. by the new measuremore than by the old measure.

THE NEW HEAPED MEASURE.

The Standard Measure of Capacity forCoals, Coke, Culm, Lime, Fish,Potatoes, Fruit, and all otherGoods commonly sold by heaped measure,is now the Imperial StandardBushel, containing 80 pounds Avoirdupois,of pure water,—made round,with a plain and even bottom, and being19½ inches from outside to outside,to be heaped up in the form ofa cone, at least 6 inches above theouter edge thereof, which is to be thebase of the said cone.

4 Pecks make  1 Bushel
3 Bushels  1 Sack
3 Sacks,  1 Vat or Strike
36 Bushels or 12 Sacks  1 Chaldron
21 Chaldrons  A Score*

* Coals bought in large quantities have an allowance of one Chaldron on 20; or half a Chaldron in 10; or 3 sacks in 5 Chaldrons; which is called the Ingrain.

LONG MEASURE.

N.B. The basis of this and of all othermeasures of length or extension whatsoever,is the Standard Yard, establishedin 1760, which remains unaltered,and is now called the ImperialStandard Yard.

4 Inches  1 Hand
9 Inches  1 Span
12 Inches  1 Foot
18 Inches  1 Cubit
3 Feet the Standard Yard.
6 Feet or 2 Yards  1 Fathom
5½ Yards  1 Pole
40 Poles, or 220 Yards  1 Furlong
8 Furlongs or 1760 Yds.  1 Mile
3 Miles  1 League
20 Leagues, or 60 M.  1 Degree
69½ Miles  1 Geographical Deg.
360 Geographical Degrees, or about 25,000 miles,
is the circumference of the Earth.
In measuring length, if Gunter’s Chain be used,
20 Chains make a ¼ of a Mile
40 Ditto Half a Mile
and 80 Ditto One Mile

N.B. Long measure relates to length only.

LAND OR SQUARE MEASURE.

N.B. The basis of this and of all othermeasures of extension, is the StandardYard, established in 1760,—whichremains unaltered.

144 Square Inches, that is,
12 by 12, make 1 Square Foot
9 Square Feet 1 Yard
30¼ sq. Yards, or 272¼ sq. Feet 1 Pole
40 Sq. Poles, or Perches 1 Rood
4 Square Roods, or 160 sq. Rods. 1 Acre
30 Acres 1 Yardd. of Land
100 Acres 1 Hide of Do.
640 Sq. Acres 1 Sq. M. of Land
100 Sq. Feet 1 Sq. of flooring, &c.
272¼ Sq. Feet 1 Rod of brick work

⁂ Land is measured by Gunter’sChain, which is divided into 100 links,each link 6 inches and 6-10ths long,and the whole Chain being 4 Rods,or 22 Yards, or 66 Feet in length; sothat 10 Chains in length and 1 inbreadth, or 4840 square Yards, makean Acre.

By this measure not only land, but allother superficies, such as paving,flooring, plastering, roofing, tiling,&c. are measured.

CUBIC MEASURE.
1728 Cubic Inches, that is, 12 long, 12 broad, and
12 thick, make 1 Cubic Foot
27 Cubic Feet 1 Cubic Yard

N.B. This measure relates to length,breadth, and thickness, and remainsunaltered.

CLOTH MEASURE.

N.B. The basis of this measure is theImperial Standard Yard, established in1760;—and remains unaltered.

2¼ Inches make 1 Nail
4 Nails, or 9 In. 1 Qr. of a Yd.
4 Quarters, or 16 Nails 1 Yard
5 Quarters 1 Ell English
3 Quarters 1 Ell Flemish
6 Quarters 1 Ell French
HAY AND STRAW.
36 lbs. of Straw, make 1 Truss
56 lbs. of Old Hay 1 Truss
60 lbs. of New Hay 1 Truss
36 Trusses 1 Load
2 Trusses 1 Cwt.
20 Cwt. 1 Ton
WOOL WEIGHT.
7 Pounds make 1 Clove
2 Cloves (14 lbs.) 1 Stone
2 Stones (28 lbs.) 1 Todd
6½ Todds 1 Wey
2 Weys 1 Sack
12 Sacks 1 Last
TIME.
60 Seconds make 1 Minute
60 Minutes 1 Hour
24 Hours 1 Day
7 Days 1 Week
4 Weeks or 28 Days 1 Month
13 Months, or 12 Calendar Months, or
365 Days and nearly 6 Hours 1 Year

N.B. Thirty days hath September,
April, June, and November;
February Twenty-eight alone,
And all the rest have Thirty-one.

⁂ In Leap Year, which happens everyfourth Year, February hath 29 Days.

EQUAL PARTS OF A HUNDRED WEIGHT.
84 lbs. 3 Qrs. of a Cwt.
56 lbs. 2 Qrs. or half a Cwt.
28 1 Qr. or 1-4th of a Cwt.
16 1-7th of a Cwt.
14 1-8th of a Cwt.
8 1-14th of a Cwt.
7 1-16th of a Cwt.
3½ 1-32nd of a Cwt.
EQUAL PARTS OF A TON.
cwt. qrs. 
10 0 half a Ton
5 0 1-4th of a Ton
4 0 1-5th of a Ton
2 2 1-8th of a Ton
2 0 1-10th of a Ton
1 1 1-16th of a Ton
1 0 1-20th of a Ton
STAMP DUTIES FOR BILLS AND RECEIPTS.
RECEIPTS.
£ £  s. d.
2 and under 5 0 2
5 10 0 3
10 20 0 6
20 50 1 0
50 100 1 6
100 200 2 6
200 300 4 0
300 500 5 0
500 1000 7 6
1000 and upwards10 0
Receipt in full10 0
The Receiver to find the Stamp.
BILLS, &.At or under2 months date or 60 days sight.Exceeding 2 monthsdate or 60 days sight.
£ s. £ s.s. d.s. d.
2 0 not ex. 5 5 1 0 1 6
5 5 20 0 1 6 2 0
20 0 30 0 2 0 2 6
30 0 50 0 2 6 3 6
50 0 100 0 3 6 4 6
100 0 200 0 4 6 5 0
200 0 300 0 5 0 6 0
300 0 500 0 6 0 8 6
500 0 1000 0 8 6 12 6
1000 0 2000 012 6 15 0
2000 0 3000 015 0 25 0
Exceeding3000 025 0 30 0
⁂ For the Forms of a Receipt, Notes, &c. see page [42].
A TABLE
Showing the number of days from any day in one month to the sameday in any other month, throughout the year.
ToJan.Feb.Mar.AprilMayJuneJulyAug.Sept.Oct.Nov.Dec.
FromJan.365 31 59 90120151181212243273304334
Feb.334365 28 59 89120150181212242273303
Mar.306337365 31 61 92122153184214245273
April275306334365 30 61 91122153183214244
May245276304335365 31 61 92123153184214
June214245273304334365 30 61 92122153183
July184215243273304335365 31 62 92123153
Aug.153184212243273304334365 31 61 92122
Sept.122153181212242273303334365 30 61 91
Oct. 92123151182212243273304335365 31 61
Nov. 61 92120151181212242273304334365 30
Dec. 31 62 90121151182212243274304335365
In Leap Year, when February intervenes, add one day to the calculation.