CONTENTS

[PART I]
[FIELD OPERATIONS]
[CHAPTER I]
[PLANTING]
PAGE
[Seeds]—[Seed selection]—[Strain improvementby bad propagation]—[Nurseries]—[Stumps]—[Seed atstake]—[Basket plants]—[Preparation of land]—[Danger ofdisease]—[Clean clearing]—[Loss of top-soil]—[Silt-trencheson slopes][1]
[CHAPTER II]
[FIELD MAINTENANCE]
[Clean weeding]—[Selective weeding]—[Loss oftop-soil]—[Grass ridges]—[Lallang eradication]—[Mimosagigantea (M. invisa)]—[Green cover-plants]—[Connection between weeding,soil conservation, and soil improvement][13]
[CHAPTER III]
[THINNING OF AREAS]
[Original planting per acre]—[Ultimate stand per acre]—[Close-planting versus wide-planting]—[When to commence thinning operations]—[How to select in preliminary rounds]—[Later selections based on yields ofindividuals]—[Yields per tree, present and future]—[Trees per acre][19]
[CHAPTER IV]
[TAPPING SYSTEMS]
[Former methods]—[Former systems]—[Tendencyto reduce number of tapping cuts and frequency of tapping]—[Period allowed for bark-renewal]—[Modern systems]—[Superimposed cuts]—[Single cuts,etc.]—[Tapping experiments]—[R.G.A. experiment]—[Alternate-daily versus daily tapping][28]
[CHAPTER V]
[TAPPING AND COLLECTING]
[Tapping knives]—[Personal equation in use of knives]—[Choice of latex cups]—[Cleaning of cups]—[Water in cups]—[Premature (spontaneous) coagulation]—[Prevention of spontaneous coagulation]—[The use of anti-coagulants in the field]—[Collecting pails]—[Paymentby result]—[Methods for calculation of yields per coolie]—[Tree-scrap, oxidationof]—[Prevention of oxidation]—[Bark-shavings]—[Collectionand storage of shavings]—[Treatment of shavings]—[Collection of earth-scrap][38]
[CHAPTER VI]
[TRANSPORT OF LATEX AND COAGULUM]
[Percentages of “first” latex and other grades]—[Earlycollection of latex]—[Transport, nature of]—[Light railways]—[Motor-lorries]—[Bullock-carts]—[Care of transport vessels]—[Use of an anti-coagulant during transport]—[Transport by coolie]—[Coagulation centres (stations)]—[Transport of coagulum][59]
[PART II]
[FACTORY OPERATIONS]
[CHAPTER VII]
[PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF LATEX]
[Reception at store]—[Receptacles]—[Jars]—[Tanks]—[Necessity for close supervision]—[Need for utmost cleanliness]—[Straining of latex]—[Strainers]—[Facilitation of straining]—[Bulking of latex]—[Standardised dilution of latex]—[Facilities for receiving and handling latex]—[Reception verandahs]—[Receiving vessels]—[Types ofinstallations][65]
[CHAPTER VIII]
[COAGULATION]
[Choice of coagulant]—[Strength of acid solution]—[Making stock solution]—[Quantity for use]—[Quantities under modernrequirements]—[Care in mixing]—[Method of mixing with latex]—[Use of sodium bisulphite as an anti-oxidant]—[Quantities for use]—[Formulæ]—[Abuse of the chemical]—[Residual traces in thedry rubber]—[Use of sodium sulphite as an anti-coagulant, quantities for use]—[Formulæ]—[Use of Formalin as anti-coagulant]—[Formulæfor use][74]
[CHAPTER IX]
[PREPARATION OF SHEET RUBBER]
[Pale (air-dried) sheets]—[Uniformity of product]—[Pans versus tanks]—[The ideal tank]—[Moderninstallations]—[Care of tanks]—[Standardised dilution of latex]—[Variation in dimensions and density of coagulum]—[Standardising instruments]—[Method of using]—[Skimming latex]—[Style of sheets]—[Standard sheets]—[Rolling and marking]—[When to work thecoagulum]—[Hand-rolling]—[Power smooth-rolling]—[Markingrolls]—[Preparation for smoke-curing]—[Caution against accumulation of wetsheets]—[Hot-water treatment]—[Dripping in the open air]—[When to place in smoke-house][89]
[CHAPTER X]
[PREPARATION OF CREPE RUBBER]
[First consideration, fine pale crepe]—[Standardised dilution oflatex]—[Coagulation and coagulant]—[Quantities of coagulant]—[Colour of rubber]—[Sodium bisulphite (use of)]—[Evaluation anddeterioration of the bisulphite and sulphite of sodium]—[To distinguish between these twochemicals]—[Care of sodium bisulphite]—[Mixing solution with latex]—[Former methods of making pale rubber]—[Working the coagulum]—[Lower grades of crepe]—[Naturally coagulated lump]—[Skimmingsand washings]—[Tree-scrap]—[Bark-shavings]—[Earth-scrap]—[Fibrous matter in low-grade rubbers]—[Scrap-washers]—[Compound crepes]—[Increased care with lowergrades]—[Block rubber from crepe]—[Smoked crepe versus sheetclippings][110]
[CHAPTER XI]
[DRYING OF RUBBER]
[Air-drying of crepes]—[Artificial driers for crepes]—[Vacuum drying]—[Hot-air driers]—[Michie-Golledge system]—[Rate of air-drying]—[When drying takes place]—[Increase in weight ofdrying crepe]—[Differences in weight]—[Aids to normal drying]—[Smoke-curing of sheet rubber]—[Instruments for recording temperature]—[Temperatures of smoke-house]—[Period of drying]—[Fuels forsmoking]—[Sun-drying of sheet rubber]—[Artificial driers for sheet rubber][132]
[CHAPTER XII]
[SORTING, GRADING, AND PACKING]
[Reducing number of grades]—[Reduction carried too far]—[R.G.A. recommendations]—[Care in sorting]—[Choice of packingcases]—[Bags]—[Bales]—[Folding of crepe]—[Mechanical folders]—[Care in assembling]—[Methods ofpacking]—[Weight of contents]—[Short weights][150]
[PART III]
[MACHINERY AND BUILDINGS]
[CHAPTER XIII]
[MACHINES]
[Quality of metal in rolls]—[Nature of roll-bearings]—[Brass liners]—[Liners of alloy or of cast-iron]—[Adequacy ofmachines]—[Arrangement of battery]—[Speed of machines]—[Gear ratios]—[Grooving of rolls]—[Heating of rolls]—[Sheeting machines]—[Lubrication]—[Trays]—[Position of battery]—[Drainage of battery]—[Access to back ofmachines]—[Engines]—[Power][159]
[CHAPTER XIV]
[FACTORIES]
[General construction]—[Plenty of light]—[Floors]—[Drainage of]—[How many storeys]—[Verandahs]—[Tanks, situation of]—[Designs and lay-out]—[Drains]—[Water supply][172]
[CHAPTER XV]
[OTHER BUILDINGS]
[Drying-houses for crepe rubber]—[How many storeys]—[Ventilation]—[Windows]—[Effect of light]—[Effect of direct sun-rays]—[Hot-air houses]—[Smoke-houses]—[Various types]—[Ordinary smoke-houses]—[General ventilation]—[Windows]—[Racks of supports]—[Floors]—[Furnaces in general]—[Pit-fires]—[Pot-fires]—[Iron stoves]—[Horizontal drum-furnaces]—[Rate of combustion]—[Brick stoves]—[Pataling typeof]—[Consumption of fuel]—[Floor of furnace room]—[Roof]—[Brick built houses]—[“Third Mile”type]—[Jackson cabinet]—[Devon type]—[Detaileddescription of]—[Barker patent design][178]
[CHAPTER XVI]
[OTHER BUILDINGS (continued), AND SITUATION OF BUILDINGS]
[Sorting-room]—[Packing room]—[Storerooms]—[Storage of rubber]—[Need for special accommodation]—[Floor of store room]—[Local conditions]—[Temperature andhumidity]—[Incidence of moulds]—[Effect upon smoked sheets]—[Tool-sheds and stores]—[Situation of buildings]—[Position withrespect to points of the compass]—[Choosing a factory site]—[Centralisation]—[Decentralisation][211]
[PART IV]
[THE FINISHED RUBBER]
[CHAPTER XVII]
[DEFECTS IN CREPE RUBBERS]
[General style of finish]—[Dirty edges]—[Iron-stains]—[Rust-stains]—[Oil-marks]—[Trays]—[Dirt]—[Holes]—[Greenish andtacky streaks]—[Not due to oil per se]—[Tackiness and copper]—[Cotton and other fibre]—[Bark and grit]—[Sand]—[Oxidation streaks]—[Yellow streaks]—[Bisulphitestreaks]—[Spot disease]—[Cause of]—[Influence of rateof drying]—[Percentage of moisture]—[Humidity of atmosphere]—[Prevention of disease]—[Infection by contact]—[Outbreak ofdormant spores]—[Rules to be observed]—[Surface moulds or mildew]—[Tackiness in general]—[Full discussion of]—[Experimentalreproduction]—[Lack of uniformity in colour]—[Defects in block rubber][223]
[CHAPTER XVIII]
[DEFECTS IN SHEET RUBBER]
[Defective coagulation]—[Coloured surface blotches]—[General darkening of surface]—[Soft coagulum]—[Spongyunderface]—[Tearing]—[“Pitting” of surface]—[Thick ends or edges]—[Mis-shapen sheets]—[Thick patches]—[Torn sheets]—[“Dog-ears”]—[Creases]—[Greasiness of surface before smoking]—[Surface blemishes]—[Unevenappearance]—[Variation due to oxidation]—[Colour when dry]—[Surface gloss]—[Dull surface]—[Moist glaze andgreasiness]—[Virgin spots]—[Surface moulds or mildew]—[Black streaks or spots]—[White or grey streaks]—[Rust]—[Theories on formation of]—[Prevention of]—[Twomethods]—[Other views on causation]—[Bubbles]—[Causesof formation]—[In the field]—[In the factory]—[Blisters]—[“Spot” disease in sheet rubber]—[Supportmarks]—[Stickiness]—[Surface pattern]—[Sheetclippings]—[Other infrequent defects]—[Dirt]—[Ash]—[Bark]—[Splinters][249]
[PART V]
[GENERAL]
[CHAPTER XIX]
[CHOICE OF COAGULANT]
[Acetic acid in general use]—[Is a coagulant necessary?]—[Acetic acid]—[Formic acid]—[Citric acid]—[Tartaric acid]—[Oxalic acid]—[Sulphuric acid]—[Hydrochloric and nitric acids]—[Hydrofluoric acid]—[Alum]—[Pyroligneous acid]—[Smoked water]—[Chinese vinegar]—[Sulphurous acid]—[Sugars]—[Various salts]—[Proprietary compounds]—[Carbonic acidgas]—[Alcohol]—[Vegetable extracts][278]
[CHAPTER XX]
[SPECIAL METHODS OF PREPARATION]
[Da Costa process]—[Byrne curing process]—[Freezing process]—[Wickham process]—[Derry process]—[Spontaneous coagulation]—[Definition of]—[Discussion oftypes]—[Ærobic]—[Anærobic]—[Organisms]—[Maude-Crosse patent]—[Method of operation]—[Accelerating action of sugars]—[Accelerating action of soluble calcium salts]—[Ilcken-Down process]—[Slab rubber][290]
[PART VI]
[VULCANISATION]
[CHAPTER XXI]
[INTRODUCTORY DEALING WITH TREATMENT AND VULCANISATION]
[Wild rubber contrasted with plantation rubber]—[Milling andmixing]—[Preparation for vulcanising]—[Vulcanising][301]
[CHAPTER XXII]
[TESTING OF PLANTATION RUBBER]
[Tests on raw rubber]—[Breaking strain]—[Behaviour of rubber during milling, etc.]—[Preparation for testing]—[Tests on vulcanised rubber]—[Choice of a formula]—[Physicaltests][309]
[CHAPTER XXIII]
[THE PROPERTIES OF RUBBER]
[Raw rubber]—[Physical tests]—[Vulcanisedrubber]—[“Inner qualities” of raw rubber]—[Defects of crepe andsheet]—[Variation in physical properties]—[Rate of cure]—[Influence of various factors in raw rubber on rate of cure]—[Other types of plantationrubber]—[Fine para][313]
[Index][327]