FOOTNOTES:
[50] See above, p. [51] et seq.
[51] Called by their Russian initials S. S.
[52] See above, p. [111] et seq.
[54] Beginning with the year 1905, the emigration to America once more assumed enormous proportions. During 1905-1906, the years of revolution and pogroms, nearly 230,000 Jews left Russia for the United States. During the following years the figure was somewhat lower, but still continued on a fairly high level, amounting to 50,000-75,000 annually. In Palestine, the colonization went apace, and with it the cultural activities. Several schools, with a purely national program, such as the gymnazia in Jaffa and Jerusalem, and other institutions, came into being.
[55] When the same official waited upon the Tzar with his report concerning the events at Odessa, he was amazed to see the Tzar come out to him with the badge of the League of the Russian People upon his chest—the same badge which was worn by the rioters in Odessa. He was subsequently given to understand that the Tzar had done so demonstratively to show his solidarity with the hordes of the Black Hundred.
[56] So called because it based its program on the imperial manifesto of October 17, 1905. See above, p. [127].
[58] See vol. II, p. 351.
[59] The name given to the graduation certificate of a gymnazium. In German it is similarly called Reifezeugnis.
[60] It was edited by the writer of the present work, S. M. Dubnow.