CONTENTS

PART I
CHAP. PAGE
I. THE ARCTIC REGIONS [3]
II. ICE AND ICEBERGS [7]
III. TRIBES AROUND THE POLE [13]
IV. ULTIMA THULE [26]
V. FIRST CROSSING OF THE THRESHOLD [30]
VI. THE NORSEMEN IN GREENLAND [38]
VII. NICHOLAS OF LYNN. ZENO. MEDIEVAL NAUTICAL INSTRUMENTS [53]
VIII. FIRST ENGLISH VOYAGES TO THE NORTH-EAST. WILLOUGHBY. CHANCELLOR. BURROUGH. PET [58]
IX. BARENTSZ. LINSCHOTEN. DE VEER [68]
X. SIR MARTIN FROBISHER [81]
XI. JOHN DAVIS [93]
XII. THE MERCHANT ADVENTURERS AND RICHARD HAKLUYT [104]
XIII. GREENLAND VOYAGE OF HALL AND BAFFIN [112]
XIV. EARLY SPITSBERGEN VOYAGES [117]
XV. EARLY VOYAGES TO HUDSON’S BAY [129]
XVI. WILLIAM BAFFIN [138]
XVII. JENS ERIKSEN MUNK. FOXE AND JAMES. WOOD [149]
XVIII. HANS EGEDE AND DANISH GREENLAND [158]
XIX. THE HUDSON’S BAY COMPANY. HEARNE AND MACKENZIE, COOK AND PHIPPS [165]
XX. RUSSIAN ARCTIC DISCOVERIES [175]
XXI. THE BRITISH WHALE FISHERY AND THE SCORESBYS [188]
XXII. BUCHAN AND ROSS [198]
XXIII. PARRY AND HIS SCHOOL [205]
XXIV. DISCOVERY OF THE NORTH COAST OF AMERICA. FRANKLIN. RICHARDSON. BACK. DEASE. SIMPSON. RAE [222]
XXV. JOHN ROSS, JAMES ROSS, AND THE NORTH MAGNETIC POLE [233]
XXVI. THE FRANKLIN EXPEDITION [238]
XXVII. THE SEARCH FOR FRANKLIN. I [248]
XXVIII. THE SEARCH FOR FRANKLIN. II [263]
XXIX. DISCOVERY OF THE FATE OF FRANKLIN [272]
XXX. THE EAST COAST OF GREENLAND. SCORESBY. CLAVERING. GRAAH. KOLDEWEY [279]
XXXI. SPITSBERGEN. EXPEDITIONS BEFORE 1872 [285]
XXXII. FRANZ JOSEF LAND AND ITS EXPLORERS [289]
XXXIII. THE ROUTE BY SMITH SOUND. KANE. HAYES. HALL. NARES. MARKHAM [298]
XXXIV. SIR ALLEN YOUNG AND THE PANDORA. AMUNDSEN AND THE NORTH WEST PASSAGE [311]
XXXV. WEYPRECHT’S PLAN FOR SYNCHRONOUS OBSERVATIONS. THE GREELY EXPEDITION [316]
XXXVI. THE NORTH EAST PASSAGE. NORDENSKIÖLD. WIGGINS. DE LONG [322]
XXXVII. GREENLAND AND ITS INLAND ICE. NORDENSKIÖLD, NANSEN, PEARY [331]
XXXVIII. THE TRANS-POLAR DRIFT. NANSEN AND THE VOYAGE OF THE FRAM [340]
XXXIX. THE PARRY ARCHIPELAGO. SVERDRUP [347]
XL. ATTEMPTS TO REACH THE NORTH POLE. CAGNI. COOK. PEARY [351]
XLI. KOOLEMANS BEYNEN AND THE VOYAGES OF THE WILLEM BARENTSZ. SIR MARTIN CONWAY AND SPITSBERGEN. CAPTAIN BERNIER AND CANADIAN ARCTIC LANDS [358]
XLII. EAST COAST OF GREENLAND. DANISH EXPEDITIONS [364]
XLIII. LATER GREENLAND EXPLORATIONS. MIKKELSEN. RASMUSSEN. KOCH [376]
XLIV. CONCLUSION [383]
PART II
XLV. THE GREAT SOUTHERN CONTINENT [389]
XLVI. CAPTAIN COOK. BELLINGSHAUSEN [394]
XLVII. THE SOUTH SHETLANDS. FOSTER. WEDDELL [398]
XLVIII. ENDERBY AND HIS CAPTAINS: BISCOE—KEMPE—BALLENY [403]
XLIX. DUMONT D’URVILLE AND WILKES [407]
L. FIRST ANTARCTIC VOYAGE OF SIR JAMES ROSS [410]
LI. SECOND ANTARCTIC VOYAGE OF SIR JAMES ROSS [418]
LII. THIRD ANTARCTIC VOYAGE OF SIR JAMES ROSS [422]
LIII. ANTARCTIC OCEANOGRAPHY [426]
LIV. REVIVAL OF ANTARCTIC EXPLORATION [430]
LV. PRIVATE EXPEDITIONS—BORCHGREVINK. GERLACHE. NORDENSKIÖLD. BRUCE. DRYGALSKI. CHARCOT. FILCHNER [433]
LVI. PREPARATIONS FOR THE SOCIETIES’ ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION [444]
LVII. THE SOCIETIES’ ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. FIRST YEAR [455]
LVIII. THE SOCIETIES’ ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. THE MORNING [466]
LIX. THE SOCIETIES’ ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. SECOND YEAR [471]
LX. SHACKLETON’S ATTEMPT TO REACH THE POLE [478]
LXI. AMUNDSEN’S JOURNEY TO THE SOUTH POLE [482]
LXII. MAWSON’S EXPEDITION [486]
LXIII. CAPTAIN SCOTT’S LAST EXPEDITION. I. [489]
LXIV. CAPTAIN SCOTT’S LAST EXPEDITION. THE END [500]
LXV. REMAINING ANTARCTIC WORK [505]
CHRONOLOGY OF POLAR VOYAGES AND EXPLORATIONS [509]
BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY OF POLAR VOYAGES AND TRAVELS [514]
INDEX [519]