CONTENTS
| [PART V] | |
| FOR THE HEALTH OF THE ARMY IN INDIA | |
| (1862–1865) | |
| CHAPTER I | |
| PRELIMINARY. THE LOSS OF FRIENDS | |
| (August–December 1861) | |
| PAGE | |
| Despondency after the death of Sidney Herbert—Sir George Lewisand the War Office—Lord de Grey reappointed under-secretary.II. “Saving things from the wreck”—The Herbert Hospitalat Woolwich—Captain Galton at the War Office—Barracksinquiry extended to the Mediterranean—Miss Nightingale andthe Volunteers. III. The American Civil War—Miss Nightingaleand the nursing—British reinforcements to Canada—MissNightingale “working as in the times of Sidney Herbert.” IV.Miss Nightingale and Arthur Hugh Clough—His assistance toher—His death (Nov. 1861)—Her grief—Letters of condolence—Heryearning for sympathy—Illness | [3] |
| CHAPTER II | |
| THE PROVIDENCE OF THE INDIAN ARMY | |
| (1862, 1863) | |
| High rate of mortality among the British army in India: MissNightingale as a “saviour” of the army. Her determinationto obtain a Royal Commission for India on the lines of the Commissionof 1857 for the home army—Lord Stanley approves theidea: Sidney Herbert, chairman, succeeded by Lord Stanley—Selectionof Commissioners. II. Miss Nightingale's work forthe Commission (1859–1862)—Collection of evidence from India:her circular of inquiry—Preparation of statistical evidenceat home: Miss Nightingale and Dr. Farr—Miss Nightingaleand the witnesses. III. Her analysis of the written reportsfrom India: “Observations by Miss Nightingale” thereon(1862)—Circulation of the “Observations”—Account of them—Abstract of the evidence by Miss Nightingale and Dr. Sutherland.IV. Death of Sir George Lewis—Her desire to seeLord de Grey appointed to the War Office—Press notices:letter to Lord Palmerston. V. Preparation of the Report of theCommission—Miss Nightingale's part in it—The recommendations—Hersuggested machinery: (1) sanitary commissions inIndia, (2) supervision in England—Adoption of her policy—TheReport signed (May 1863). VI. Miss Nightingale's “publicitycampaign”—Distribution of early copies—Press notices—Omissionof her “Observations” and Indian evidence fromthe cheaper official issue of the Report—Separate publication byher—Re-issue of the Report with her “Observations”: circulationof the re-issue by the War Office. VII. Physical disabilitiesunder which Miss Nightingale worked | [18] |
| CHAPTER III | |
| SETTING REFORMERS TO WORK | |
| (1863–1865) | |
| “Reports not self-executive”: Miss Nightingale's determinationto put the Indian Report into execution. Correspondencewith Lord Stanley—His interview with Sir Charles Wood—MissNightingale asked to draft “Suggestions” to be sent outto India—Departmental criticism of the Report: delay. II.Death of Lord Elgin, the Viceroy—Question of his successor—MissNightingale's admiration for Sir John Lawrence—His appointment—Herinterview with him. III. Sir John Lawrenceannounces the appointment of sanitary commissions in Indiaand begs her to expedite the dispatch of the “Suggestions.”—Moredepartmental delay—Miss Nightingale's impatience—LordStanley's intervention—The “Suggestions” approvedand printed—Delay in sending them: circumvented by MissNightingale. IV. Sir John Lawrence's prompt action in India—Correspondence with Miss Nightingale—Reforms by SirHugh Rose (Lord Strathnairn)—Miss Nightingale's paper,How People may Live and not Die in India—Criticism of theRoyal Commission's Report from India—Miss Nightingale'sreply—Progress of sanitary reform in the army in India. V.Miss Nightingale as consultant and inspirer in Indian sanitaryreform—Sir John Lawrence's difficulties—Lord Stanley'stribute to her—Importance of the co-operation between herand Sir John Lawrence | [40] |
| CHAPTER IV | |
| ADVISORY COUNCIL TO THE WAR OFFICE | |
| (1862–1866) | |
| Miss Nightingale and the War Office: her position as consultant.Explanation of the position—Her expert authority on certainquestions—Official legatee of Sidney Herbert—Correspondencewith Sir George Lewis—Her friends at the War Office. II.Death of the permanent under-secretary—Miss Nightingale andCaptain Galton's appointment—Her hopes of re-organizationin the War Office. III. The Army Sanitary Commission—MissNightingale and improvements in barracks—Nursing in militaryhospitals. IV. The Army Medical School, and position of armydoctors—Miss Nightingale as the doctors' champion—LordPanmure's attack on the Herbert Hospital—Miss Nightingale'scase for the defence. V. Wide range of subjects referred to heradvice—The Geneva Convention (1864)—Suggestions aboutsoldiers' and sailors' pay—Miss Nightingale's methods. VI.The State regulation of vice—Miss Nightingale's efforts onbehalf of soldiers' clubs, recreation-rooms, etc. VII. Herresearches into the disappearance of aboriginal races. VIII.Spiritual comfort—Memories of heroism in the Crimea | [59] |
| CHAPTER V | |
| HELPERS, VISITORS, AND FRIENDS | |
| (1862–1866) | |
| The years of Miss Nightingale's most trying work. Her helpers—Theindispensable Dr. Sutherland—His constant service—MissNightingale as task-mistress—Her method of “conversation”by written notes. II. Seclusion from her friends—Her strictrule of life—Letters to Madame Mohl—Visit from Garibaldi(1864)—Her account of the interview—Appreciation ofAbraham Lincoln—Death of Lord Palmerston. III. MissNightingale's scheme for investments by the working-classesin small freeholds—Correspondence with Mr. Villiers and Mr.Gladstone. IV. Sympathetic letters to friends—Literary correspondencewith M. Mohl. V. Friendship with Mr. Jowett—Theircorrespondence—Miss Nightingale's work for the armyand for India an accidental “call”—Her yearnings forhospital work | [84] |
| CHAPTER VI | |
| NEW MASTERS | |
| (1866) | |
| Public events in 1866 in relation to Miss Nightingale's work.Letters on those events. II. The story of a lost dispatch. SirJohn Lawrence's scheme for sanitary organization in India—MissNightingale's anxiety to have it revised before the LiberalGovernment fell—The Dispatch lost at the India Office:found by Lord Ripon—His reply to it drafted, when thegovernment fell. III. Miss Nightingale's vexation—Dr. Sutherland'sabsence—Visit from Lord Napier on his appointmentto the governorship of Madras. IV. The ConservativeGovernment—Miss Nightingale's desire to come in touch withthe new ministers—Correspondence with Lord Cranborne (IndiaOffice) and Mr. Gathorne Hardy (Poor Law Board). V. TheAustro-Prussian War—Miss Nightingale and war-nursing—Correspondencewith the Princess Alice and the Crown Princessof Prussia. VI. A holiday at Embley with her mother—Privatemeditations | [104] |
| [PART VI] | |
| MANY THREADS (1867–1872) | |
| CHAPTER I | |
| WORKHOUSE REFORM | |
| (1864–1867) | |
| State of the workhouse infirmaries—Report on the Metropolitanworkhouses in 1866—Miss Nightingale a prime mover in theremedial legislation of 1867. II. Her friendship with Mr.William Rathbone—His scheme for introducing trained nursesinto the Workhouse Infirmary at Liverpool—Negotiations withMiss Nightingale—Her friend, Miss Agnes Jones, appointedLady Superintendent—Reforms effected by her (1865). III.Miss Nightingale's resolve to use the Liverpool experiment asa lever for reform in London—Workhouse scandals in London—Correspondenceand interviews with Mr. Villiers—Friendshipwith Mr. Farnall, Poor Law Inspector—Miss Nightingale'sscheme of Poor Law reform (1865)—Approved by Mr. Villiers—Articlesin the Times—Defeat of the Government. IV. Mr. GathorneHardy succeeds Mr. Villiers—Removal of Mr. Farnallfrom London—Miss Nightingale's communications with Mr.–Villiers—Committee appointed by Mr. Hardy—Miss Nightingaleinvited to express her views: outlines her scheme in a Memorandum.V. Mr. Hardy's Bill (1867)—Various views of it—MissNightingale's efforts for its extension—Importance of the reformsincluded in the Bill: the starting-point of workhousereform. VI. Success of Miss Agnes Jones's pioneer work—Herdeath (1868)—Miss Nightingale's account of her in GoodWords—Selection of a successor—Effect of the article | [123] |
| CHAPTER II | |
| ALLIANCE WITH SIR BARTLE FRERE | |
| (1864–1867) | |
| Miss Nightingale's concern for a better organization of the publichealth service in India. Approaching retirement of Sir JohnLawrence: her anxiety to insert “the main-spring”—Pointsfor which she contended. II. Lord Cranborne succeeded at theIndia Office by Sir Stafford Northcote—Miss Nightingale'sfriendship with Sir Bartle Frere—She determines to advance—The “Doors versus Windows” controversy. III. Her communicationswith Sir S. Northcote—Interviews with him—Herscheme of organization adopted—Dispatch and other sanitarypapers drafted by her. IV. Attitude of the Government ofIndia—Letters from Sir John Lawrence—Abandonment ofa female nursing scheme—Miss Nightingale's vexation. V.Continued correspondence with Sir John Lawrence—His returnto England—Visit to Miss Nightingale | [144] |
| CHAPTER III | |
| PUBLIC HEALTH MISSIONARY FOR INDIA | |
| (1868–1872) | |
| Miss Nightingale's “little Indian Department all to herself,” a mainpre-occupation">preoccupation. Rest-cure at Malvern (Dec. 1867)—Visit toher mother at Lea Hurst (July–Oct. 1868)—Miss Nightingale'smovements in following years. II. Mr. Jowett's plea for lessofficial drudgery, and more literary work—Her “Note onPauperism” in Fraser's Magazine—Interest in colonization—Interviewwith Mr. Goschen. III. Health work for India: (1)correspondence and interviews with Indian officials—Interviewswith Lord Mayo—Correspondence with Lord Napier (Madras)—“Specialcholera inquiry.” IV. An episode: Miss Nightingale'sintervention to save the Army Sanitary Commissionand the Army Medical School from being retrenched out ofexistence—Statistical evidence of sanitary reform. V. Interviewswith Lord Napier of Magdala—Further correspondencewith Lord Mayo—Other interviews and correspondence. VI.Health work for India: (2) acquaintance and correspondencewith native Indian gentlemen—Sanitary appeal to village elders.VII. Health work for India: (3) work in connection with theSanitary Department at the India Office—Contributions to andrevision of the Indian Health Annual. VIII. Ten years' progress:How some People have Lived, not Died, in India—Howmuch, and yet how little! | [161] |
| CHAPTER IV | |
| ADVISER-GENERAL ON HOSPITALS AND NURSING | |
| (1868–1872) | |
| Miss Nightingale as a central department relating to hospitalsand nurses. Criticism of hospital plans—“Suggestions” fornursing organization in public institutions. II. Visits on suchsubjects from great personages—Interviews and correspondencewith the Crown Princess of Prussia. III. Supervision of the Nightingale Training School—Personal influence—Miss Nightingale'sreception of lady superintendents and nurses going outfrom the School to other posts. IV. Closing of the Midwifery School at King's College Hospital—Miss Nightingale's Noteson Lying-in Institutions. V. The Franco-German War—MissNightingale and the “National Society for Aid to the Sick andWounded”—Communications with the Crown Princess ofGermany—Red Cross Societies. VI. Miss Nightingale's continuedill-health—Dr. Sutherland's constant help | [185] |
| [PART VII] | |
| WORK OF LATER YEARS (1872–1910) | |
| CHAPTER I | |
| “OUT OF OFFICE.” LITERARY WORK | |
| (1872–1874) | |
| Miss Nightingale's thought of entering St. Thomas's Hospital(1872)—Dissuaded by Mr. Jowett—“This year I go out ofoffice”—Meaning of her statement—Her connection with theWar Office closed—Lord Northbrook did not come to her.II. Unsettlement and depression—Mr. Jowett's plea forliterary work—Mr. Mill's plea that she should speak out recalled.III. Articles in Fraser's Magazine (1873): embodyingsome of her Suggestions for Thought—Froude's andCarlyle's opinions of the articles—Miss Nightingale and hercritics. IV. Death of Mr. Mill—Appreciation of him by MissNightingale. V. Theological essays written at Mr. Jowett'ssuggestion—Discussions with him—Contributions to the revisededition of his Plato—Suggestions for his sermons—Collaborationin The Children's Bible—Remarks on such literary work | [211] |
| CHAPTER II | |
| THE MYSTICAL WAY | |
| Miss Nightingale's fondness for Catholic books of devotion—Ideaof making a selection—Mr. Jowett's views of mysticism. II.Miss Nightingale's Preface to her Notes from Devotional Authorsof the Middle Ages. III. Interruption of work by the death ofher father (1874)—His character—Death of Mrs. Bracebridge:Miss Nightingale's tributes to her and her husband—Familyworries. IV. Her book on the Mystics never finished—Herown mystical life—Her private meditations—The path toperfection | [231] |
| CHAPTER III | |
| MISS NIGHTINGALE'S SCHOOL | |
| (1872–1879) | |
| Miss Nightingale's increased attention to the Nightingale TrainingSchool. Opening of the new buildings of St. Thomas'sHospital—Appointment of a new Medical Instructor of theProbationers, and of a “Home Sister.” II. Miss Nightingale'sinterviews with the probationers—Her character-sketches andother records—Her sense of humour. III. District nursingin London—Miss Florence Lees—Selections and promotions—Somefavourite pupils—Wide influence of the Nightingalenurses—Miss Nightingale's close relations with her old pupilsin their new posts—Her affectionate solicitude for them—Typicalletters—Extent of her correspondence. IV. Her“Addresses to Probationers”—Leading ideas in them—Styleof address, reminiscent of school sermons. V. Her ideal of thenurse's calling—Her belief in individual influence, not in organization—MissNightingale as a “Founder” | [246] |
| CHAPTER IV | |
| AN INDIAN REFORMER | |
| (1874–1879) | |
| Miss Nightingale's work on Indian questions. Her sources ofinformation and industrious study: her opportunities of effectiveaction less than in earlier years. II. Continued interest in army sanitation—Letter from Lord Napier of Magdala—Correspondencewith Lord Salisbury and Lord Northbrook. III. Correspondencewith Lord Salisbury and the Duke of Buckinghamon the drainage of Madras. IV. Indian famines and an extensionof Miss Nightingale's interests—Correspondence withSir Arthur Cotton. V. An irrigation campaign—Miss Nightingale'sappeal to Lord Salisbury for a Return of irrigation-results—LordSalisbury on the experts—Miss Nightingale'scontinued advocacy of irrigation—Her article in theNineteenth Century on “The People of India” (1878)—Correspondencewith Lord Cranbrook. VI. Correspondence andinterview with Mr. Gladstone—The death of Lord Lawrence.VII. Miss Nightingale's unpublished book on Indian LandTenures and Irrigation—Her Irrigation maps. VIII. Her impatienceat the slow rate of Indian reforms—Lord Salisbury'sPhilosophic Defence of the Policy of Draft | [273] |
| CHAPTER V | |
| HOME LIFE IN SOUTH STREET AND THE COUNTRY | |
| Miss Nightingale's house in South Street—Sir Harry Verney'shouse in the same street. II. Her servants—Housekeeping.III. Miss Nightingale as a hostess—Reminiscences by a nursingfriend. IV. Miss Nightingale's room—Personal appearance—Rarelyout of doors—Love of birds—Note on London sky-effects.V. Sojourns out of London—A “lobster-like villa”at Norwood (1875)—Annual visits with her mother at Lea Hurst—MissNightingale's interest in her poorer neighbours—Motherand daughter—Impression made by Miss Nightingale on herfriends—Mr. Jowett—The Grand Duchess of Baden—LadyAshburton. VI. Letters to M. and Mme. Mohl—Death ofM. Mohl (1876)—Death of Dr. Parkes—Miss Nightingale's interventiononce more to save the Army Medical School—TheEastern Question—Miss Paulina Irby. VII. Was Miss Nightingale'sa happy life?—Letters from Mr. Jowett | [300] |
| CHAPTER VI | |
| LORD RIPON AND GENERAL GORDON | |
| (1880–1885) | |
| Death of Miss Nightingale's mother—Illness—Visits to the seasideand Claydon. II. The elections of 1880—Her special preoccupationsand general work at this period—Visit to St.Thomas's Hospital. III. Friendship with General Gordon andhis cousin, Mrs. Hawthorn—Inquiry into nursing by Orderlies inmilitary hospitals—Letters from General Gordon. IV. LordRipon's Indian policy—Miss Nightingale's enthusiasm—Herefforts to support Lord Ripon—Interviews with Indian officialsand politicians—Her interest in Indian agriculture and education—TheIndian Civil servants at Oxford: suggestions toArnold Toynbee—Her paper on Lord Ripon's Bengal LandTenure Bill. V. The Egyptian campaign of 1882—Miss Nightingaleand the return of the Guards—Her appearances in public—Defectsin hospital arrangements in South Africa and Egypt(1880–82)—Miss Nightingale's representations—Committee ofInquiry—Miss Nightingale and Lord Wantage. VI. RoyalRed Cross conferred on her (1883)—Correspondence with theQueen—The Ilbert Bill—The hospital corps—Reforms in accordancewith the Committee's recommendations—LordWolseley and the female nurses. VII. Progress of Lord Ripon'sreforms—His resignation—Miss Nightingale's interview withhis successor, Lord Dufferin—Mr. Gladstone and India—LordRipon's return. VIII. The Soudan expedition—Miss Nightingaleand the war nurses—Reminiscences of Sister Philippa—Lettersto Miss Williams—Miss Nightingale's meditations—Deathof old friends | [323] |
| CHAPTER VII | |
| “THE NURSES' BATTLE”; AND HEALTH IN THE VILLAGE | |
| (1885–1893) | |
| Miss Nightingale's “Jubilee Year”—A retrospect (1837–1887).Selection of a new matron at St. Thomas's Hospital. II. QueenVictoria's “Jubilee Institute for Nurses”—Misgivings—“TheNurses' Battle”: for and against Registration—Therival forces—Miss Nightingale's leadership of the “Anti's”—Courseof the battle—The hearing by the Privy Council—Theresult—Miss Nightingale's standpoint. III. Her work forIndian sanitation—Political unsettlement at home—MissNightingale's interviews with Lord Roberts and others—LordRoberts's introduction of female nurses into Indian militaryhospitals—Lady Dufferin's Association. IV. “The SutherlandSuccession”—Threatened dissolution of the Army SanitaryCommittee—Proposed abolition of the Sanitary Commissionersin India—Miss Nightingale's campaign in defence—Appeal toLord Dufferin—Communications with Lord Cross and Mr. W. H.Smith—Resignation of Lord Randolph Churchill—Mr. Smithsucceeded at the War Office by Mr. Stanhope—Resignation ofDr. Sutherland—Reconstitution of the Army Sanitary Committee.V. Draft dispatch at the India Office advocatinga “forward” sanitary policy—The Indian Government's resolutionfor the appointment of Provincial Sanitary Boards—LordLansdowne succeeds Lord Dufferin. VI. Miss Nightingaleand village sanitation in India—Scheme for providingfunds submitted to Lord Cross—Her letter circulated to theLocal Governments in India—Final reply from the Governmentof India (1894)—Her retrospect of her Indian work. VII.Miss Nightingale and village sanitation in England—Death ofher sister—Sir Harry Verney and Miss Nightingale—Her visitsto Claydon—Her scheme of Health Missioners adopted by theBucks County Council | [353] |
| CHAPTER VIII | |
| MR. JOWETT AND OTHER FRIENDS | |
| Miss Nightingale's public acquaintances and private friends.Her sympathetic nature—Acquaintances made on publicbusiness passing into friendships—Sir Henry Yule. II. Affectionatesympathy with her relations—Death of her “Aunt Mai”(1889)—Letters to her younger relations—A burglary in SouthStreet. III. Last years with Mr. Jowett—His illness in SouthStreet (1887)—Their scheme for a “Nightingale Professorshipof Statistics”—Mr. Jowett's illnesses and death (1892)—Deathof Sir Harry Verney and of Mr. Shore Smith (1894). IV. MissNightingale on Mr. Jowett's death—Correspondence with LordLansdowne—Mr. Jowett's precepts on old age | [385] |
| CHAPTER IX | |
| OLD AGE. DEATH | |
| (1894–1910) | |
| The spirit of Rabbi Ben Ezra. The latter years to be the best—MissNightingale's letters in this sense—Her own fullness ofwork. II. Continual interest in India—Lord Elgin's villagesanitary inspection. III. Interest in army affairs—Letter tothe Duke of Cambridge (1895)—The Hongkong barracks (1896)—Indiancantonments (1896–97)—The Victorian Era Exhibition(1897): Crimean “relics”—Note on Waterloo Day (1898)—TheSouth African War (1899). IV. Interest in nursing—The“Nurses' Battle” again—The true “angels”—Correspondencewith the Grand Duchess of Baden and Mr. Rathbone—Deathof old friends and fellow-workers. V. Gradual failureof Miss Nightingale's powers—Loss of sight—Her companions—Herfavourite reading—Visitors. VI. Honours—The Order ofMerit (1907)—Freedom of the City (1908)—Her fame—Renewedcult of “The Popular Heroine.” VII. Death andfuneral—Memorials | [402] |
| CONCLUSION | [424] |
| APPENDICES | |
| A. Chronological List of Writings by Miss Nightingale | [437] |
| B. List of Some Writings about Miss Nightingale | [459] |
| C. List of Portraits | [467] |
| INDEX | [471] |