INDEX.
N. B. For the analysis of the subject, see the Table of Contents prefixed to each volume.
A.
- Agriculture, the most essential requisite for population, Vol. I. p. [21]. [25].
- The extension of, how to be regulated, id. [28].
- When it may be said to be carried to its utmost extent, id. [82].
- The difference between, when exercised as a trade, and when as the direct means of subsistence, id. [88].
- Remarks on the state of, in Spain, id. [89].
- In Germany, id.. [91].
- In England and France, id. [102].
- In Scotland, id. [103].
- Whether the efficient cause of the multiplication of mankind, or their multiplication of agriculture, id. [114].
- What species of, most advantageous to modern society, id. [127].
- The natural distribution of, id. [139].
- Agio of the bank of Amsterdam, explained, II. [296].
- Aides in the French taxes, explained, II. [502. n.]
- America, the alterations in the modes of government in Europe, occasioned by the discovery of, I. [10]. [51].
- Amsterdam, remarks relative to the bank of, II. [56].
- Animal food, detrimental to population, I. [117].
- Animals, their numbers in all countries proportioned to the quantity of food produced for them, I. [18].
- Anne, Queen, state of the revenue of England at her accession, II. [381].
- Antients, their simplicity of manners, how compatible with a great multiplication, I. [152].
- Arbitrary power, its influence on trade, I. [244].
- Army, regular, the necessity of, in an industrious state, argued, I. [136].
- Army, how to raise a supply of men for, without having recourse to the hiring foreign troops, I. [450].
- Athenians, Xenophon’s plan for the proper employment of, I. [460].
- Athens, surprizing quick reduction of its wealth, I. [438].
B.
- Balance between nations, the nature of, in a commercial view, explained, II. [334].
- Hints for the payment of, without the intervention of coin or bullion, id. [344].
- Balance of power, the nature of, inquired into, I. [448].
- Balance of trade, what, II. [21].
- Reflections relating to, I. [416].
- Whether any judgment can be formed concerning it, barely from the quantity of specie found in a nation, I. [429].
- Whether the state of specie furnishes any rule to judge of it, id. [435].
- A wrong one raises the price of bullion to the value of coin, II. [5].
- Between England and France, the state of, how to be discovered, id. [18].
- How the payment of a wrong one affects circulation, id. [169].
- Bank, whether landed men might not as well issue their own notes on their landed security, as apply there, II. [131].
- Banks, the two general classes of, II. [146].
- Of circulation, what, id. [150].
- How a good one may be obliged to stop payment, id. [152].
- On what the solidity of it depends, id. [153].
- On what kind of credit such banks ought to issue their notes, id. ib.
- How their obligation to pay in coin arose, and the consequences of that obligation, id. [157].
- How affected by a wrong balance of trade, id. [161].
- How a grand balance may be paid by, without the assistance of coin, id. [162].
- How hurt by leaving the payment of a wrong balance to exchangers, id. [165].
- Upon what principles they ought to borrow abroad, and give credit at home, id. [178].
- Of Edinburgh, hints for the advantage of, id. [187].
- How they may be enabled to discharge notes on demand, id. [200], [213].
- Subaltern, and their competition with each other, II. [202].
- National, necessary regulations for, proposed, II. [205].
- When, and in what case, they shall be obliged to keep open books, id. [208].
- Whether it is their interest to grant credit and cash accounts to exchangers and others, and to make a trade of sending the coin out of the country, id. [211].
- How by the return of a favourable balance, the debts of foreigners may be paid off, and the nation delivered from that burden, id. [218].
- Dangerous to an idle nation, id. [232].
- Of the first establishment of that of Mr. Law, id. [235].
- The Royal Missisippi, id. [243].
- Bank of Amsterdam, original intention of, II. [292].
- The principle of its circulation of coin explained, id. [298].
- Bank of England, the interest of, examined, I. [629].
- State of, II. [158].
- Its situation in the year 1745, id. [176].
- Its principal operations traced, id. [220].
- Its circulation with the exchequer explained, II. [225].
- Hints for the advantage of, proposed, id. [229].
- How the paper of, tends to supply circulation, id. [233].
- Its credit compared with that of the bank of Amsterdam, id. [308].
- Banks of deposit and transfer, II. [291].
- Bank notes, the nature of, explained, II. [151].
- Of the optional clauses contained in, id. [195].
- Bankers and exchangers, subaltern ones, the use of, II. [154].
- Banking, that branch of credit best deserving the attention of a statesman, II. [149].
- The nature of, in Scotland, id. [155].
- Bankruptcies, national, how occasioned, II. [456].
- Barter, the first species of trade, I. [175].
- Beer, remarks on the late additional duty on, II. [512].
- Belloni, Mr. mistakes of, pointed out, with respect to estimating the exportation of commodities of a particular country, by the quantity of money found in it, I. [430].
- Bills of mortality, plan for the improvement of, I. [72].
- Birmingham, no silver coin counterfeited there, II. [99. note.]
- Brakenridge, Dr. his account of the state of population in Great Britain, I. [95].
- Remarks on, id. [97].
- Bread, the price of, how limited in the greatest famine, I. [397].
- Britain, Great, remarks on the state of population in, I. [95].
- Bullion, how the price of, is regulated, I. [564]. II. [20].
- Buyers and sellers, the interest of, examined, I. [628].
C.
- Canada, the principles of the European trade to, inquired into, I. [186].
- Cantillon, Mr. his remark on the course of exchange between London and Paris, II. [17].
- Capet, Hugh, the nature of his jurisdiction compared with that of a king of Poland, I. [240].
- Charity, modern, shewn to be impolitic, I. [467].
- Child, remarks on that position of his, that the legislature can keep down the rate of interest to the level most advantageous for trade, II. [122].
- Circulation, in a political sense, explained, I. [374].
- Illustrated by a party at quadrille, id. [375].
- How to be excited, id. [378].
- Illustrated, id. [381].
- When it should be checked, id. [384].
- Foreign and domestic, to be distinguished, id. [389].
- How affected by the payment of a wrong balance of trade, II. [170].
- Comparative inquiry into the state of, among the ancients and moderns, II. [558].
- Cities, the growth of, accounted for, I. [48].
- Described as under a feudal government, id. [51].
- In what respects advantageous to a country, id. [55].
- See [Corporations].
- Classes of mankind, the advantages of calculations and bills of mortality distinguishing them, I. [72].
- Coin, new regulations for, proposed, I. [634].
- The term defined, II. [46].
- What the best form to be given to it, id. [67].
- Difference between, and medals, id. [67].
- Gold, silver, and copper, remarks on, id. [68].
- Never found to exceed the uses of circulation, id. [112].
- How the obligation of banks to pay in, arose, and the consequences of that obligation, id. [157].
- French, account of its variation about the time of the death of Louis XIV. id. [236].
- See [Money].
- Coinage, duty on, II. [2].
- Its first introduction must reduce the prices of commodities, id. [3].
- Consequences of the exclusive privilege of, id. [4].
- The price of, in France, id. [17].
- How the paying for, affects the profits on goods exported, id. [26].
- How it affects the profits on goods imported, id. [28].
- How it influences the prices of inland commodities, II. [33].
- Experiment in, proposed, id. [39].
- How the imposition of, will affect the creditors of Great Britain, id. [53].
- How it advances the credit of France, id. [54].
- Whether the imposition of, in England, would not frequently stop the mint, id. [57].
- When adviseable to impose a duty on, id. [29].
- How imposed, id. [30].
- By authority, id. [31].
- By consent, id. ib.
- The consequences, id. ib. id. [34].
- Colbert, Mr. remarks on, I. [67].
- Commerce, an examination of the various principles by which it is regulated, I. [191].
- Commodities, in trade, what considerations enter into the fixing prices on them, I. [182].
- Companies, mercantile, an inquiry into the advantages and disadvantages of, I. [471].
- Competition, its effect on trade, I. [196].
- Conquerors, why the government of, heavy to be borne, I. [10].
- Consumers and producers, their relation to each other, and the political balance between, considered, I. [264].
- Consumption of productions of the earth, the question whether a frugal or prodigal one, be for the advantage of population, argued, I. [141].
- Corn, difference between the price of it being lowered by plenty, and by importation, I. [292].
- Expedient proposed to assist a people during a scarcity of, id. [294].
- Corn trade, general reflexions on, I. [214].
- On exportation and importation of, id. [230].
- Corporations, reflexions on, I. [331].
- Corsicans, the real state of their contest with Genoa, I. [419].
- Corvée, in the French revenue, what, II. [485. n.]
- Country, the love of, in individuals, how to be understood, I. [164].
- Courage, where likely and where unlikely to be found, I. [452].
- Credit, a definition of, II. [105].
- Why seldom found perfectly solid, under a pure monarchy, id. [106].
- Why that of France is so fluctuating, id. [106].
- Why that of Great Britain so well established, id. [107].
- Not yet fixed upon true principles, id. [130].
- The various kinds of, id. [141].
- Their characteristic differences, id. [143].
- The nature of, examined into, I. [365].
- Its commercial advantages, id. [366].
- Public, how the internal balance of wealth is affected by it, id. [370].
- Credit, public, brief sketch of the birth and progress of, I. [208].
- The utmost extent of, how to be determined, II. [463].
- The rise and fall of, explained, id. [351].
- Of anticipations, or borrowing money upon assignments of taxes, for the discharge of principal and interest, id. [354].
- Of France, state of, before the death of Louis XIV. id. [367].
- A comparison between that of France and England, in the times of Richlieu and Davenant, id. [377].
- Of Great Britain, the present state of, id. [380].
- Credit, private, the subdivisions of, II. [144].
- How to carry, to its greatest extent, id. [145].
- Credit, debts and taxes, consequences of the change produced in the policy of industrious trading states, by the establishment of, II. [441].
- Creditors, the interest of, always the predominant, and what determines the interest of a nation, I. [611].
- Public, the interest of, examined, id. [625].
- Cumulative tax, the term defined, II. [500].
- See [Tax].
- Crop, plentiful, of Grain in England, inquiry what proportion it bears to the annual consumption, I. [109].
- Difference between a reputed good and bad one, id. [112].
D.
- Davenant, Dr. his correction of Sir William Petty’s computations, I. [42].
- Debts, public, the various consequences of, II. [348].
- Demand, a definition of that word, in a commercial view, I. [172].
- Demand and work, an inquiry into the causes which influence an alteration of the balance between, I. [217].
- The duty of a statesman to assist and permit gentle vibrations between, id. [229].
- Democracy, how it differs from monarchy, I. [242].
- How they affect trade respectively, id. [243].
- Dependance, in society, three kinds of, distinguished, I. [238].
- On courts, the principles on which it subsists, analized, id. [357].
- Depopulation, the most effectual causes of, I. [108].
- Desertion, among soldiers, the cause of, pointed out, I. [136].
- Diseases, political, certain sign of, I. [69].
- Dissipation, the benefits of, to industry, I. [367].
- Ducats, examination of the new regulation of, in Holland, I. [612].
- Dutot, M. his sentiments on paper credit with reference to the affairs of France, II. [241], [245].
E.
- Edinburgh, hints for the improvement of the banks there, II. [187].
- England, the idleness and luxury of manufacturers, of more prejudice to its foreign trade, than the high taxes, II. [504].
- England or France, which the most populous, I. [102].
- Equality of possessions in a state, the consequences of, examined into, I. [367].
- Estate, the difference between one near the metropolis, and one in a remote province, I. [55].
- Evil, no such thing in the universe, I. [482. n.]
- Europe, the great revolution in the political system of, and the cause to which it is owing, I. [10].
- Excess, import of that term, I. [308].
- Distinguished from sensuality and luxury, id. [311].
- Exchange, the best measure for valuing currency, I. [570].
- How the course of it is regulated, II. [13], [21].
- Whether the loss which the course of it marks on the trade of Great Britain with France, be real or apparent, id. [25].
- The first principles of, id. [310].
- The difficulties which occur in paying balances, id. [315].
- How these payments are effected, id. [332].
- The operations of, between London and Paris, id. [335].
- Exchequer, its circulation with the bank, explained, II. [225].
- Excise, the accounts of, how settled between the exchequer and the bank, II. [226].
- Expence, the word defined, and the senses in which it is used, distinguished, I. [205].
- Exportation, the proper means of encouraging, I. [283].
- Reflections on premiums for, id. [297].
- What the most profitable branches of, id. [341].
- The proper conduct when that of a nation is reduced to the articles of natural produce, id. [343].
- Why those manufacturers who work for, the poorest of those in a state, II. [10].
- Theory of the prices on articles of, id. [11].
F.
- Fall of man, consequences of, shewn, I. [455. n.]
- Conclusions drawn, on the supposition that it had not taken place, id. [ib.]
- Feudal system of government, how departed from in the present forms, I. [10].
- Feudal governments, three remarkable stages, through which they have changed to the present forms, I. [356].
- Fisheries, hints for the proper establishment of, I. [480].
- Fleuri, Cardinal, his experiment to fix the par of exchange, II. [340].
- Foreign ministers, political hint, as to their accommodations in the countries where they are sent to reside, I. [420].
- Forestalling, why a crime, I. [200].
- Forests, whether extended by an increase in the consumption of firewood, I. [145].
- Foundling hospitals recommended, I. [75].
- Foundlings, opportunity for providing for, pointed out, I. [287].
- Fourage, in the French taxes, what, II. [496. n.]
- France, reflections on the state of agriculture in, I. [141].
- The progress of luxury in, compatible with the prosperity of her foreign trade, ib. [288].
- The principle on which the raising and sinking of the numerary value of the coin there in former times is accounted for, ib. [612].
- The policy of, with regard to its coin, why not easily understood, II. [32].
- Remarks on the currency of its coin, id. [58].
- Regulations of, with regard to coin, bullion, and plate, id. [70].
- Price of coinage there upon silver, id. [71].
- Ditto upon gold, id. [72].
- Proportion between a French grain weight to a grain troy, id. [73].
- Proportion between the louis and the guinea, id. [74].
- Advantages of the French regulations, id. [75].
- High price of bullion at Paris in 1760, id. [76].
- Present state of the wearing of the French silver coin, id. [77].
- Fluctuations of credit in, id. [106].
- Chronological anecdotes of banking there, id. [250].
- How its credit was destroyed in 1720, id. [284].
- How a bank may even now be safely established there, id. [289].
- State of their debts, funds, and appropriations, at the peace of 1763, id. [403].
- Extent of annual supplies of, from 1756 to 1762, id. [420].
- Courts of justice in, how rendered oppressive, id. [432].
- Method of levying the taxes in, id. [437].
- The nature of the taxes imposed there, explained, id. [496], [501].
- France and England, which the most populous, I. [102].
- Free gifts in France, as imposed in 1759, II. [419. n.]
- Freedom of a people, in what it consists, I. [237].
- Frugality, the proper means of preventing the ill effects of, when it takes place in a luxurious state, I. [281].
- Fund, sinking, the first foundation of, II. [385].
G.
- Gabelle, in the French taxes, explained, II. [501, n.]
- Gardens, kitchen, why most frequently found in the neighbourhood of cities, I. [139].
- Gee, Mr. remarks on his observations on the balance of the English trade, I. [431].
- Germany, Remarks on the state of agriculture in, I. [91].
- Governing, in what the art of, consists, I. [12].
- Government, the republican form of, most favourable to trade and industry, I. [242].
- Grain, inquiry into what proportion a plentiful crop of, in England, bears to the current annual consumption, I. [109].
- Greece, antient, remark on the disproportion between the prices of necessaries, and elegances in, I. [403].
- Guinea and louis, proportion between, II. [74].
- Guineas, an examination into the consequences of bringing down their currency to twenty shillings, I. [583].
H.
- Harris, examination of a passage in, concerning coin, I. [609].
- Helots, their cruel treatment under the Spartan government, I. [254].
- Henry VII. wise regulation of, for the preservation of bullion, II. [327].
- Holland, the principles of its constitution inquired into, I. [214].
- Regulations observed in, with regard to coin and bullion, II. [78].
- Regulations of the Dutch mint, id. [79].
- How they reckon their silver standard, id. [ib.]
- Mint price of fine silver, id. [80].
- Price of coinage there, id. [ib.]
- Of the Dutch gold coins, id. [ib.]
- Mint price of fine Gold, id. [81].
- Price of coinage upon ducats, id. [82].
- The rider, id. [ib.]
- Utility of not fixing the denomination of ducats, id. [83].
- How to find the proportion of the metals in the coin of Holland, and a wonderful phænomenon in the value of ducats, id. [84].
- Quantity of fine silver in a florin piece, id. [85].
- Quantity of fine gold in a florin of riders, id. [ib.]
- Investigation of the proportion as to the ducat, id. [ib.]
- Proportion between the mint weights of Holland, England, France, and Germany, id. [87].
- Defects of the silver currency of Holland, id. [91].
- Frauds of money-jobbers there, id. [94].
- Reason of the apparent scarcity of silver coin there, id. [96].
- The great multiplication of taxes there, id. [529].
- Horses, whether the keeping a superfluous number in large cities, a public disadvantage, I. [145].
- Hume, Mr. examination of his doctrine concerning the influence of riches on the price of commodities, I. [398].
- Concerning the balance of trade, id. [416].
J.
- Jacob the patriarch, an idea of primitive society, borrowed from the history of him and his family, I. [23].
- Janizaries, Turkish, and the Pretorian cohorts of Rome, parallel between, I. [247].
- Idle persons, the multiplication of, a load on society, I. [61].
- Jews, their law relating to interest, II. [112].
- The only money-lenders in Europe, until a commercial system prevailed, id. [113].
- Imitation, influence of the taste for, I. [280].
- Indies, account of the French company of, II. [247].
- Its revenue, id. [257].
- Industrie, in the French taxes, explained, II. [496. n.]
- Remarks on this tax, id. [498].
- Industry, an inquiry into the effects of, I. [133].
- a definition of, id. [166].
- Distinguished from labour, id. ib.
- Why difficult to introduce in a country where slavery is established, id. [167].
- Whether the cause or the effect of trade, id. [170].
- How it is stimulated, id. [193].
- The difference between the progress of, in antient and modern times, accounted for, id. [193].
- Brief sketch of the progress and revolutions of, id. [207].
- A strong argument for a general exercise of, id. 210.
- The means of extending liberty to the lowest denominations of a people, id. [218].
- Flourishes best under a republican government, id. [242].
- Excluded by the system of Lycurgus, id. [258].
- The revolution it produces in the wealth of a nation, pointed out, id. [452].
- The proper direction of, hinted, id. [457].
- In what instance it destroys simplicity of manners, id. [459].
- Antient and modern, the difference of, shewn, I. [462].
- See [Industrie].
- Inhabitants, an examination into that maxim which asserts the number of, to be the riches of a country or state, I. [60].
- Innovations, inconveniences attending, I. [632].
- Interest, private, the proper spring of action in the individuals of a well governed state, I. [164].
- Interest of money, how permitted under the Mosaic dispensation, II. [112].
- When it obtained in Europe, id. [113].
- Upon what principles the rate of, is regulated, id. [115].
- No statute for regulating in England, before the time of Henry VIII. id. [116].
- Different classes of borrowers, id. [117].
- Extortions in, how prevented, id. [118].
- Whether in the power of the legislature to command the rate of, id. [122].
- The lowering of, the rise of land, id. [123].
- Proper conduct of a statesman in relation to, id. [124].
- Probable consequences of reducing it below the level of the stocks, id. [125].
- A low rate most essential to states carrying on the most extensive foreign commerce, id. [129].
- Whether the rate of, a sure barometer of the state of commerce, id. [135].
- Whether it falls in proportion to the increase of wealth, id. [139].
- How affected by the manners of a people, id. ib.
- Ireland, the causes which influenced Great Britain to open her ports for the importation of provisions from, I. [231].
- Island, the progress of society illustrated, in a supposed one, I. [128].
K.
- Kings, their rights not founded on tacit contracts between them and their people, I. [240].
- In the old feudal systems, more formidable abroad than at home, id. [356].
- Compared with the domestic influence of those under the present commercial systems, id. ib.
L.
- Labour, the different obligations to, in antient and modern times, I. [59].
- How the methods of, are to be improved, id. [193].
- Land, the disproportion between the rents of arable and pasture, accounted for, I. [43].
- Landed interest, examination into, I. [622].
- Landed men, inquiry whether they might not issue their own notes on the security of their land, without the intervention of a bank, II. [131].
- Landed property, the inconvenience of minute subdivisions of, I. [85].
- Inquiry into the expediency of the equal distribution of, id. [124].
- Landholder and stockholder, how comparatively affected by taxation, II. [448].
- Land tax in Scotland, defect in, II. [497].
- Law, Mr. account of the establishment of his bank, II. [235], [239].
- Laws, none really invariable, in any government, I. [7].
- Levity, remarks on the influence of, in luxury, I. [280].
- Liberty, public, in what it is understood to consist, I. [237].
- Capable of subsisting under despotic forms of government, id. ib.
- Liberty, universal, established in Europe, and the consequences of, I. [70].
- Linen manufacture, by what means it has been augmented in Scotland and Ireland, I. [86].
- Loans upon interest, if deemed unlawful in a religious view, expedient to avoid, I. [370].
- Locke, Mr. mistake of, corrected, in relation to a proposed alteration of silver coinage, I. [554], [602].
- Lotteries, the advantage of, to the government, II. [400. n.]
- When only proper to be used for paying of public debts, id. [479].
- Lowndes, Mr. examination into the present propriety of his scheme for regulating the coin in 1695, I. [602].
- Luxury, the term defined, I. [31], [307].
- The parent of public distress, ib. [212].
- In what instance to be encouraged, ib. [263].
- This farther explained, id. [276].
- How to be effected, id. [277].
- Changes in the modes of, ever distressing to manufacturers, id. [280].
- Political improvement of this circumstance, id. ib.
- The interests affected by, id. [307].
- The mind, id. [308].
- The body, id. [309].
- The fortune, id. ib.
- The state, id. ib.
- Its different effects on different antient nations, remarked, and accounted for, id. [324].
- Its effects in modern times, id. [325].
- Prejudicial to courage, id. [452].
- Modern, the cause of, hinted, id. [462].
- Lycurgus, the tendency of his laws to encourage population, shewn, I. [70].
- Why there was no industry in his republic, id. [193].
- His republic the most perfect plan of political œconomy, id. [250].
- His laws transmitted by tradition only, id. [251].
- The sanction he obtained for them, id. ib.
- His regulation of property, id. [252].
- Cloathing, id. [253].
- The cruel treatment of the helots, id. [254].
- His plan of education, id. [255].
- Remarks on the austerity of his institutions, id. [256].
- His care to guard against the Spartans having an intercourse with foreign nations, id. [257].
- Conclusions drawn from a supposed adoption of his system by any modern nation, id. [259].
M.
- Machines, the introduction of, into manufactures, whether hurtful or beneficial to a date, I. [119], [295].
- Mankind, in what respect alike in all ages, I. [6].
- Manners of a people, national peculiarities in, noticed, I. [8].
- The simplicity of, how it affects population, I. [36].
- Manufactures, the principles which determine the residence of, I. [49].
- Their flourishing or decaying in particular places, accounted for, id. [182].
- The proper method of lowering the prices of, to render them vendible at foreign markets, id. [283].
- Why particular ones cannot be furnished so cheap at home, as by other countries, id. [284].
- The importance of their being properly situated, id. [289].
- Manufacturers, why those who work for exportation are the poorest, II. [10].
- More hurt by their own idleness and extravagance than by taxes, id. [505].
- Markets, public, their great use in trade, I. [180].
- Marriage, political considerations on, I. [71].
- Master, his right to share in the profits of his journeymen, proved, I. [318].
- Maxims, general ones, the danger of adopting, I. [60].
- Medals and coin, the difference between, II. [68].
- Megens, Mr. his sentiments concerning the coin of the bank of England, II. [158].
- Melon, M. de, his remark on the proper qualifications of a statesman, I. [377].
- Merchant, observations on the profession of, I. [177].
- Metal, the term defined, II. [46].
- Why a scale of value realized in, can never be exact, ib. id. [54].
- How the proportion of those in coin, is kept nearly the same in all European markets, id. [62].
- Why this proportion so different between Europe and Asia, id. [63].
- How to determine the true intrinsic value of those in which a balance to foreign nations is to be paid, id. [316].
- How to remove the inconveniences which occur in such payments, id. [325].
- Metropolis, the growth of, accounted for, I. [48].
- A large one, whether disadvantageous to a country, id. [52].
- Militia, reflections on, I. [136].
- Mind, the effects of luxurious gratifications on, I. [308].
- Minot, a French measure, what, II. [576], n.
- Mint, French unit of weight in, II. [70].
- Weights of Holland, England, France, and Germany, proportion among, id. [87].
- Missisippi bank of France, account of the establishment of, II. [243], [252], [265].
- Modesty, reflections on, with reference to the Spartans, I. [258].
- Monarchy and democracy, compared, I. [242].
- Their different influences on trade, id. [243].
- Monasteries, magnificent ones, how advantageous to a country, I. [468].
- Money, the term defined, I. [32].
- How to be procured, id. ib.
- The plenty of, productive of luxury, id. [33].
- The effects of the introduction of, on trade, id. [176].
- Observations on that of Sparta, id. [259].
- An inquiry into the principles of the circulation of, id. [360].
- Real, and symbolical, what, id. [364].
- Illustrated, id. [381].
- Ready, caution necessary in taxing it, id. [387].
- No real and adequate proportion between, and goods, id. [394].
- In countries of simplicity, id. [395].
- In countries of industry, id. [397].
- Paper, whether advantageous to a nation, id. [408].
- Whether a tenfold increase of, in Europe, would raise the prices of commodities in the same proportion, id. [413].
- Whether any judgment can be formed concerning the balance of trade of a nation, barely from the quantity of specie that is found in it, id. [429].
- The dissipation of by individuals, not expedient to be checked, id. [471].
- Defined, id. [526].
- A scale for measuring the value of things, id. ib.
- On what principles the value of things is determined, id. [527].
- The prices of things not regulated by the quantity of, id. ib.
- Necessity of distinguishing between, and price, id. [529].
- Of account, what, and how contrived, id. [ib.]
- Bank, id. [531].
- Angola, id. [ib.]
- Usefulness of the precious metals in making, id. [532].
- Standard, how to be adjusted, id. [533].
- Debasing and raising a standard, what, id. [534].
- Alteration of the standard, how to be discovered, id. ib.
- Of alloy, id. ib.
- Incapacities of metals to constitute invariable measures of value, id. [535].
- The obligation of such measures to be invariable, id. [ib.]
- Consequences of their variation, id. [536].
- Defects of a silver standard, id. [537].
- Arguments in favour of a silver standard, id. [ib.]
- Answers to those arguments, id. [538].
- Usefulness of an universal measure, id. [539].
- Why metals incapacitated from performing the office of, id. [540].
- Wearing in circulation, id. [ib.]
- Inaccuracy in coining, id. [541].
- Coinage adding to the value, without adding to the weight, id. ib.
- The smallest defects of, profited by in trade, id. ib.
- Five remedies against the effects of the variation in the value of metals, id. [542].
- Remedies against other inconveniences, id. [544].
- Remedies against the wearing of coin, id. [ib.]
- Remedies against inaccuracy in coinage, id. [ib.]
- Remedies against the expence of coinage, id. [ib.]
- Remedies against arbitrary changes in the value of coin, id. [545].
- How the market price of the metals is made to vary, id. ib.
- The variation to be referred to the rising metal, not to the sinking, id. [546].
- Of account, how made to vary in its value, from the variation of the metals, and the consequences, id. [547].
- What the mean proportional between the value of the metals, id. [ib.]
- The unit to be attached to the mean proportion, upon a new coinage, not after the metals have varied, id. [548].
- The unit better to be affixed to one metal than to both, id. [549].
- To what variation the unit is exposed, from the wearing of the coin, id. ib.
- To what variation the unit is exposed, from the inaccuracy in the fabrication of coin, id. [550].
- Variations to which the unit is exposed, from the imposition of coinage, id. [551].
- When coinage imposed, bullion cheaper than coin, id. [ib.]
- Exception, id. [552].
- Variation to which the unit is exposed, from the arbitrary raising and debasing the coin by Princes, id. ib.
- How this variation affects the interests of debtors and creditors, id. [553].
- A mistake of Mr. Locke in relation to, corrected, id. [555].
- Defects in the British coinage, id. [558].
- Of the standard of English coin and money unit, id. [ib.]
- Coinage free in England, id. [559].
- The standard, when attached to the gold coin, id. [560].
- Consequences of that regulation, id. [ib.]
- Silver, sometimes considered as a money of accompt, id. [561].
- Jobbers in, their practices explained, id. [562]. [565].
- Why silver bullion is dearer than coin, id. [ib.]
- What regulates the price of bullion, id. [564].
- The intrinsic value of the currency, id. ib.
- Paper, the use of, not hurtful in debasing the standard, id. [571].
- The standard how shewn to have been debased, id. [574].
- Proof that the standard has been debased by law, id. [575].
- The standard at present reduced to the value of the gold, id. ib.
- How the disorder in the coin may be remedied without inconveniences, id. [576].
- If the present standard be departed from, all other arbitrary, id. [577].
- The present standard not the same with that of Queen Elizabeth, id. [578].
- Anecdotes of its alterations, id. ib.
- Debasing the standard, chiefly affects permanent contracts, id. [581].
- Why silver so scarce, id. [583].
- Consequences of fixing the guinea at twenty shillings, id. ib.
- How to fix the pound sterling at the standard of Queen Elizabeth, id. [587].
- The consequences of this reformation, id. [588].
- Sufferers by the debasement of the standard, have a right to redress, id. [590].
- But not the whole class of creditors, id. ib.
- Whose claim ought to be liable to conversion, id. [591].
- Objections against the principles before laid down, id. [593].
- Answers to them, id. [595].
- Upon whom the loss incurred by the wear of it, falls, id. [598].
- Inland dealings not able to support the standard where there are money-jobbers, or foreign commerce, id. [599].
- Public currency supports the authority of the coin, not the value of the pound sterling, id. [601].
- In what sense the standard debased by law, and in what sense by the operation of other political causes, id. [614].
- The payments made by bankers regulate all other, id. [615].
- Regulation proposed for the coin, id. [634].
- The first introduction of coinage must reduce the prices of commodities, II. [3].
- Why the doctrine of money appears so intricate, id. [45].
- The difference between raising the value of coin by imposing coinage, and raising the denomination of it, id. [50].
- Whether it is the interest of England to debase the standard of, id. [64].
- The borrowing of, for carrying on trade, more relative to the merchant than the manufacturer, id. [137].
- Montesquieu, Mr. examination of his doctrine concerning the influence of riches on the prices of commodities, I. [398].
- Multiplication of people, the three principles of, I. [90].
- Whether the efficient cause of agriculture, or agriculture of multiplication, id. [114].
N.
- Nation, every interest in, intitled to protection, I. [589].
- Nations, trading, compared to a fleet of ships, I. [233].
- Navigation, remarks on the consequences of the act of, in England, I. [343].
- Naturalization of strangers, ineffectual in the view of lowering the prices of manufactures, I. [290].
- Necessaries, an inquiry into the cause of a rise in the prices of, I. [291].
- Netherlands, Austrian, the cities of, in a state of depopulation, and the reason, I. [334. n.]
- Nobility, the advantages of a numerous one, to a state, I. [63].
O.
P.
- Padua, observations on the soil and produce of the country round, I. [140].
- Paper money, how realized, II. [110].
- Paris, remarks on the state of agriculture round, I. [139].
- Partisans in France, what, and cardinal Richlieu’s sentiments on their conduct, II. [369].
- Their extortions, why not then to be remedied, id. [370].
- The present regulation of them, id. ib.
- Pay of the soldiery, political plan for the regulation of, I. [449].
- Payments, those made by bankers regulate all others, I. [615].
- Petty, Sir William, his computations of the number of inhabitants and consumption of provisions in England, I. [41].
- Population, how limited, I. [18]. [113].
- Populous, inquiry into the meaning of this word, when affirmed of a country, I. [102].
- Populousness of antient nations, inquiry into the question concerning, I. [38].
- Posts for the conveyance of letters, their great use in commerce, I. [180].
- Pound sterling, two legal ones in England, I. [568].
- Premiums on exportation of commodities, reflexions on, I. [297].
- Prerogative, regal, often arbitrarily exercised, from a view to establish public liberty on a more extensive bottom, I. [248].
- Price, what understood by, II. [46].
- Prices, how regulated on necessaries and on superfluities, I. [440].
- The rise of, on articles of home consumption accounted for, II. [9].
- How kept down on articles of exportation, id. 1
- Princes, how those who incline to rob their subjects may avoid robbing themselves at the same time, II. [65].
- Producers and consumers, an analysis of the principles which influence the alterations in the political balance between, I. [264].
- Profit and loss, explained and distinguished, I. [206].
- Profits, how they consolidate into prime cost, II. [8].
- Consolidated, the ill effects of, and how to remedy, I. [289].
- Property, how regulated under the Spartan government, I. [252].
- Inconsumable, what, I. [360].
- Consumable, what, id. [361].
- Consequences of the alienation of both kinds, id. [1]
- Incorporeal, id. [369].
- Landed and monied, the different ways of life of the possessors of each compared, II. [478. n.]
- Permanent, the expediency of its contributing to the burdens of the state, I. [387].
- Solid, how understood, II. [149].
- Provisions, those produced in most countries, nearly consumed by the respective inhabitants, I. [109].
- The consequences of an augmentation in the value of, I. [226].
- Public money, heinous nature of all attempts to defeat the application of, I. [297].
- Public spirit, an improper principle of action in the governed, I. [164].
- Public works, not the produce of the wealth of a nation, I. [464].
Q.
- Quadrille, the idea of circulation of wealth in a state, illustrated by the game of, I. [375].
R.
- Rank, the obligation individuals are under to uphold that which they have once attained, I. [313].
- Remuage, in the French duties, explained, II. [550 n.]
- Revenue of England, at the revolution, its amount, II. [364].
- State of, at the accession of Queen Anne, II. [381].
- Riches, an inquiry into the effects of, before the introduction of trade and industry, I. [437].
- Richlieu, cardinal, his sentiments on the public credit of France, II. [367].
- Roads, the advantages of good ones to a country, pointed out, I. [57].
- The making and improving of, shewn to have a tendency to destroy simplicity of manners, I. [459].
- Romans, ancient, reflexions on the agriculture of, I. [88].
- The consequences of their subduing the Grecian states, id. [439].
- Rome, antient, remarks on the disproportion between the prices of necessaries and elegances in, I. [403].
S.
- Scotland, remarks on the state of agriculture in, I. [103].
- Security, real, what, II. [144].
- Self-interest, its extensive influence and use, in a political view, I. [162].
- Sensuality, the term distinguished from those of luxury and excess, I. [311].
- Silver, in coin, the scarcity of, to what owing, I. [547]. [558]. [583].
- Simplicity of manners, shewn to be relative, I. [456].
- Slavery, the origin of, traced, I. [22].
- Society, primitive, an idea of, illustrated in the history of Jacob the patriarch, I. [23].
- Societies, human, in what respects they all agree, I. [6].
- Soil, a rich one, its disadvantageous effects on the inhabitants of it, traced, I. [34].
- Why less fruitful countries flourish most, id. [35].
- South-Sea-scheme, comparison of, with that of the Missisippi, II. [387]. n.
- Spain, remarks on the state of husbandry there, I. [89].
- On the depopulation of, id. [107].
- Spartans, how prevented from having an intercourse with foreign nations, I. [257].
- Their modesty, id. [258].
- The only articles of trade among, id. 1
- Observations on their money, id. [259].
- Conclusions drawn from a supposed adoption of their system by any modern nation, id. 1
- See [Lycurgus].
- Spirit of a people, whereon formed, I. [8].
- Standard of English coinage, remarks on, I. [558].
- When attached to the gold coin, id. [560].
- How shewn to have been debased, id. [574].
- Not the same now with that of Queen Elizabeth, id. [578].
- Anecdotes of its alterations, id. 1
- The debasing of, shewn chiefly to affect permanent contracts, id. [581].
- In what sense debased by law, and in what sense, by the operation of political causes, id. [614].
- Of Elizabeth, its advantage over that of Mary I. id. [621].
- Alteration of, how it affects different interests, id. [632].
- A more easy method of making a change in, proposed, id. [633].
- Whether it is the interest of princes to debase, II. [64].
- The proper arguments against it, id. [67].
- Standing armies, the nature and use of, explained, I. [442].
- State, how to preserve a trading one from decay, I. [224].
- Every change in, advantageous to some class or other, id. [428].
- Statesman, the term defined, I. [149]. [151].
- Stews, public, how far expedient, I. [386].
- Subordination, how produced in society, I. [21].
- Superfluities, domestic competition in the manufacture of them, to be discouraged, id. [271].
T.
- Taille, in the French taxes, explained, II. [496. n.]
- Tariffee, in the French taxes, explained, II. [498. n.]
- Taxes, general reflexions on, I. [13].
- From what principle the imposition of them is justifiable; and the proper application of them, id. [269].
- The proper use of, in regulating the several articles of trade, to suit temporary circumstances, id. [321].
- Why the right of imposing, scarcely any where attached to royalty, id. [335].
- The plan of, under pure monarchies, and under limited monarchies, compared, id. [353].
- The necessity of, under a decay of foreign trade, id. [354].
- Their internal effects on the people, id. [371].
- Their operation on industry, id. [385].
- The expediency of distinguishing raisers and consumers in, id. [388].
- To be regulated by the proportion between foreign and domestic circulation, id. [390].
- Only a liquidation of the antient personal services, id. [442].
- History of, id. [443].
- The perpetuity of, argued, id. [445].
- The consequences of a total cessation of, II. [461].
- The word defined, and the various kinds of, specified, id. [484].
- The various objects of, or funds for taxation, id. [486].
- Proportional, affect only the idle, id. [488].
- In what manner they raise the price of commodities, id. [493].
- Where they ultimately fall, id. [494].
- Cumulative, what, in England and in France, id. [496].
- The height of, in England, not so prejudicial to its foreign trade, as the idleness and luxury of manufacturers, id. [504].
- Proportional, their effects, id. [507].
- Good method of raising, id. [514].
- Cumulative, the nature of, explained, id. [518].
- Compared with proportional, id. [520].
- How a cumulative tax is convertible into a proportional one, id. [1]
- Consequences of, when the amount is properly applied, id. [523].
- Of the extent of taxation, id. [527].
- The hardship of, in those instances where no alienation takes place, id. [530].
- The difficulty of establishing, upon barter, id. [1]
- Draw an additional sum of money into circulation, id. [531].
- The extent of cumulative taxes, id. [538].
- Method of ascertaining the value of landed property, id. [539].
- Impossibility of establishing, upon the income springing from money, id. 1
- Interest of a whole people considered with respect to, id. [542].
- Consequences of abolishing taxes relative to the cumulative interest of a whole state, id. [543].
- Consequences of such abolition, to those who are fed by the produce of taxes, id. [546].
- Judiciously imposed, and equitably levied, enrich a nation, id. [554].
- Whether they promote industry, id. [556].
- Upon land, considerations on, id. [561].
- On land, how levied in England, id. [565].
- What the most proper method of imposing, on land, id. [577].
- What the best method of levying, generally, id. [579].
- On land, whether possible to be converted into one of the proportional kind, id. [592].
- Taxation, why so little found under feudal governments, I. [50].
- Temple, Sir William, his symbolical representation of a flourishing state, I. [71].
- Theft, why encouraged by Lycurgus among the Spartans, I. [257].
- Theory, reflexions on the benefit of, in the arts, I. [67].
- Tithes, under what species of taxation to be ranked, II. [497].
- The most oppressive kind of tax upon landed property, id. [568].
- Trade, its beneficial tendency traced, I. [118].
- A definition of, id. [166].
- Whether the cause or the effect of industry, id. [170].
- The progress of, traced, id. [175].
- A republican form of government, and those which approach nearest to it, most favourable to, id. [242].
- Its influence in creating national connexions, id. [266].
- Its natural, division, id. [301].
- Infant, by what means, to be encouraged, id. [302].
- Foreign, the ruling principles of, id. [304].
- Inland, as supposed to take place on the extinction of foreign trade, id. [305].
- Inquiry into the expediency of laying it open, id. [424].
- Natural consequences of it, id. [425].
- The interest of, examined, id. [628].
- Trade, inland, how it may be made a resource on the decay of foreign, I. [319].
- Trade, foreign, passive and active distinguished, I. [184].
- The progress of, traced, id. [185].
- Illustrated, id. [191].
- An examination of the principles on which it may be established and preserved as long as possible, id. [267].
- On what it is founded, id. [273].
- Inquiry into the causes of the decay of, id. [278].
- The proper remedies proposed, id. [279], [319].
- Its extensive uses, id. [326].
- The proper remedies in cases of successful rivalship in particular articles of it, id. [328].
- How to put a stop to it in manufactures, when the balance of it turns against a nation, id. [336].
- Cautions against hasty measures in such instances, id. [338].
- The natural consequences which will result upon the cessation of it, id. [350].
- Trading nation, the true policy of, I. [262].
- Traittes, in the French taxes, explained, II. [501. n.]
- Troops, foreign, how they become necessary to a state, I. [449].
- Plan to supersede the necessity of, id. [450].
V.
- Value, the exact scale of, what, II. [55].
- Vauban, Marechal, observations on his scheme of raising the land-tax in France, II. [562], [567].
- Vice, the proper method of checking, among a people, I. [386].
- Vineyards, reflexions on the political tendency of, I. [88].
- Visa, the nature of that commission explained, II. [376].
- Ustencil[c_659l.22'>Ustencil], in the French taxes, what, II. [496. n.]
W.
- Wants, reciprocal, the political use of, among a people, I. [28].
- War, all history full of, I. [448].
- The different methods of raising the supplies for, by the different powers of Europe, II. [371. n.]
- Wealth of a nation, the ill consequences of its remaining in few hands, I. [26].
- Of antient nations, how differently acquired, id. [324].
- Natural consequences of its being withdrawn from foreign trade, to domestic circulation, id. [351].
- Whether to be estimated by the quantity of coin in it, II. [42].
- The last sacrifice a statesman ought to make in cases of emergency, I. [339].
- Observations on that of a trading nation, id. [355].
- Two kinds of circulation of, in a state, id. [373].
- Weights in different places, the uncertainty of, shewn, II. [323. n.]
- Wood, whether an increase in the consumption of, for firing, a public disadvantage, I. [145].
- Wool, inquiry into the principles which operate in regulating the trade in, I. [274].
- Woollen manufacture, by what means it has been augmented in England, I. [86].
- Words, synonimous, observation respecting, I. [310].
- Work, an examination into the alterations of the balance between, and demand, I. [217].
- The proper means of lowering the price of, when increased by the augmentation of the value of subsistence, id. [227].
X.
- Xenophon, his plan for the proper employment of the Athenian people, I. [460].
FINIS.
The reader is desired to correct the following errors, especially such as are distinguished by an asterisk *, which pervert the sense entirely.
ERRATA.
| Page. | Line. | |
| 2. | 8. | of, r. as |
| 7. | 2, | 7. manufactures, r. manufacturers |
| 9. | 32. | their grains, r. their gains |
| 71. | 26. | * 55.162, r. 51.162 |
| 73. | 13. | * 801.61, r. 801.68 |
| 82. | 4. | * 1½, r. ½ |
| 85. | 15. | * 24.572, r. 25.572 |
| 87. | 1. | * price, r. piece |
| 93. | 15. | * 1201.26, r. 120126 |
| 118. | 16. | this, r. the |
| 119. | 18. | * seems, r. comes |
| 132. | 32. | * considerable, r. inconsiderable |
| 143. | 27. | case, r. ease |
| 149. | 9. | property, r. prosperity |
| 152. | 24. | that, r. their |
| 156. | 4. | advance-profits, r. advance; profits |
| 157. | last. | dele, back. |
| 158. | 17. | dele, the |
| 160. | at the end, add, * severely felt. | |
| 168. | penult. | * of, r. to |
| 182. | 26. | * brought, r. bought |
| 197. | 15. | * no, r. the same |
| 249. | 3. | last, r. East |
| 254. | 13. | * 5000, r. 500 |
| 261. | 15. | he, r. the |
| 326. | 9. | * exportation, r. importation |
| 333. | 23. | * bills to, r. bills on |
| 344. | 16. | exchange-property, r. exchange |
| 369. | 21. | * mixed, r. raised |
| 394. | 12. | * determinate, r. indeterminate |
| 406. | 14. | after King’s library, add, and archives of France. |
| 411. | 24. | * 1762, r. 1744. |
| 429. | last. | 4 444 444, r. 14 444 444 |
N. B. In page 182. line 10. for quarterly, read half-yearly, and then the note at the bottom of the page may be struck out.
Transcriber’s Note
The Index covers both Volumes of this work. Volume I is also available from [Project Gutenberg]. Links to Volume II are not underlined. The external links to Volume I are underlined, and will open the HTML file at Project Gutenberg.
The last numbered page is p. 646. It is followed by a large table, and the index, which are not paginated. These have been assigned page numbers, continuing from ‘646’ for ease of reference here. The Index was printed in two columns, but is given here in a single column.
Several long accounting tables employ ‘Carry over’ and ‘Brought over’ lines to bridge page breaks. These are no longer required, and have been removed.
Spelling, generally, is not ‘corrected’, given the age of the text, unless there is a clear preponderance of an alternate more standard spelling. ‘Knowledge’ appears three times as ‘knowlege’, but more than twenty times as ‘knowledge’. Verbs ending with -er (‘enter’, ‘render’) are frequently spelled without the ‘e’ when used in other tenses, as ‘entred’, ‘rendring’, etc.
The word ‘Missisippi’ appears as the modern variant ‘Mississippi’ in the table of contents and index. The two instances (pp. [243], [261]) in the text proper have been retained.
Diacritical marks in non-English languages are frequently missing, and have not been added.
Indexing Issues
No attempt was made to validate all the references in the Index. Several issues did arise during the preparation of this transcription:
The entry for ‘Remuage’ is corrupt, indicating a note on p ‘50?’. The note now appears as note 46 on p. [550].
The entry for ‘Ustensil’ misspells the word ‘Ustencil’, and transposes the last digits of the correct page number (‘496’) as ‘469’.
Errors deemed most likely to be the printer’s have been corrected, and are noted here. The references are to the page and line in the original. The following issues should be noted.
The changes requested in the Errata table above have also been made, and are marked with an asterisk. The brackets show the specific change made to the line. The editor’s final request
| [2.8] | * | [of/as] affecting | Replaced. |
| [7.1] | * | manufacture[r]s | Inserted. |
| [9.32] | * | their g[r]ains will purchase | Removed. |
| [15.26] | Is not this called par[./?] | Replaced. | |
| [66.15] | a[n/u] cours du jour | Replaced. | |
| [71.26] | * | 5[5/1].162 : 55.38 :: 100 : 108.2. | Replaced. |
| [73.13] | * | 801.6[1/8] :: 1 : 14.47 | Replaced. |
| [77.13] | 23 mar[k/c]s 7 ounces 152 grains | Replaced. | |
| [77.22] | 23 mar[k/c]s 7 ounces 152 grains | Replaced. | |
| [85.15] | * | f. 2[4/5].572 in silver florins | Replaced. |
| [86.9] | [i/I] this case | Capitalized. | |
| [87.1] | * | the weight of the p[ri/ie]ce | Replaced. |
| [93.15] | * | 1201[.]26 aces fine | Removed. |
| [93.17] | 263 : 12012[0/6>] | Replaced. | |
| [103.23] | to shew how eve[ry/n] the most surprizing effect | Replaced. | |
| [118.16] | * | 26th chapter of th[is/e] second book | Replaced. |
| [119.18] | * | hen a state [seems/comes] to contract | Replaced. |
| [132.32] | * | at a very [in]considerable interest | Added. |
| [143.27] | * | [c/e]ase of transfer | Replaced. |
| [149.9] | * | depends the pro[per/speri]ty of trade | Replaced. |
| [152.24] | * | in security of th[at/eir] good faith | Replaced. |
| [156.4] | * | of their advance[-/;]profits[,] | Replaced./Removed. |
| [157.26] | * | are quickly thrown[ back] into circulation | Removed. |
| [158.17] | * | searching after[ the] principles, not after facts, | Removed. |
| [168.31] | * | What are the consequences [of/to] circulation | Replaced. |
| [182.26] | * | these bills will be b[r]ought from | Removed. |
| [197.15] | * | and pay [no/the same] interest | Replaced. |
| [249.3] | * | the [l/E]ast India company | Replaced. |
| [254.13] | * | upon the value of 500[0] livres | Removed. |
| [261.15] | * | If that was [t]he case | Added. |
| [326.9] | * | for articles of [ex/im]portation | Replaced. |
| [333.23] | * | he will sell his bills [to/on] the country | Replaced. |
| [344.16] | * | in regulating exchange[-property]. | Removed. |
| [368.19] | far beyond [t]heir due proportion | Restored. | |
| [369.21] | * | when taxes were [mixed/raised] | Replaced. |
| [394.12] | * | perpetual or [in]determinate annuities | Added. |
| [406.10] | * | library[ and archives of France] | Added. |
| [411.24] | * | during the war 17[62/44] | Replaced. |
| [469.5] | the whole [t]he> lender | Restored. | |
| [524.24] | extrava[va]gance of your neighbour | Removed. | |
| [588.5] | exportation and importa[ta]tion | Removed. | |
| [608.20] | their own debt[) / (']and it is so, | Reversed. | |
| [613.6] | and the fatal catastrop[h]e | Inserted. | |
| [627.21] | In order to make [t]his change of policy | Added. | |
| [646.29] | no farther knowle[d]ge | Inserted. | |
| [659l.22] | Usten[s/c]il | Replaced. |