THE PEOPLE WHO CAME INTO WALES

1. The Iberians—a general name for the short dark people who still form the greater part of the nations. They had stone weapons, and lived in tribes; they became subject to later invaders, but gradually became free. Their language is lost.

2. The Celts—a tall fair-haired race, speaking an Aryan tongue. It was their migration that was stopped by the rise of Rome. Four groups of mountains, four nations (Celtic and Iberian), four mediæval kingdoms, and four modern dioceses can be remembered thus:

i.	Snowdonia	Decangi	Gwynedd	Bangor
ii.	Berwyn	Ordovices	Powys	St Asaph
iii.	Plinlimmon	Demetae	Dyved	St David’s
iv.	Black Mountains	Silures	Morgannwg	Llandaff

3. The Romans. They made roads, built cities, worked mines.

50–78.	The Conquest. The Silures were defeated in 50, the Decangi in 58, the Ordovices in 78.
80–200.	The Settlement. Wales part of a Roman province including Chester and York.
200–450.	The struggle against the new wandering nations. The introduction of Christianity.
450–	The House of Cunedda represents Roman rule.

4. The English.

577.	Battle of Deorham. Wales separated from Cornwall.
613.	Battle of Chester. Wales separated from Cumbria.