INDEX.

Abderites, [212]
Abella, sword and shield of the people of, [264] n
Abraham and the Egyptians, [103];
his origin, [150] n
Abyssinia, native copper from, [63] n
Abyssinian lance, [270]
— Sword, [163] sq., [237]
Acacia detinens (‘Wait-a-bit’), [6]
Acanthurus (‘surgeon’ or lancet-fish), [10]
Accad inscription (Babylonia), [199]
Accensi Velati (Roman soldiers), [245]
Achæans of the Caucasus, [195] n
Achæmenes, [208]
Achilles’ shield, [212], [223]
— spear pointed with chalcos, [55] n
‘Acies instructa’ and ‘sinuata’ (Roman army), [245]
Acies (of a weapon), [107] n
Acinaces, not a scymitar, [227] n
Acinaces, Persian, [210];
with golden ornaments, [212]
Aclys (archaic weapon), [35] n
‘Adaga’ of mediæval writers, [12]
Adam Kadmon, [2]
Adam primus, [2] n
Adam, the Hebrew, [149]
Adámas (steel), [221]
Adargue (Moorish), [12] n
Adder-pike or sting-fish (Trachinus vipera), [11]
Adonis (= Tammuz), [187]
Adscriptii (Roman soldiers), [245] n
Adze, [20] n;
of copper, [67]
— blades of shells and pinna, [47]
Æs corinthiacum, [85] n;
ægineticum, [87];
demonnesium, ib.;
nigrum, ib.;
deliacum, ib.;
caldarium, [88];
græcanicum, ib.
Ægyptus (meaning of the word in Homer), [145] n
Æolipylæ (αἰόλου πύλαι), [31] n
Ærugo (or verdigris) from a spear (Achilles’), [60]
Æs and Æris metalla (their meaning in Pliny), [58] n
Afghan Charay, [212]
— language, [210] n
Africa (its mineral wealth unexplored), [63]
— the Sword in, [162]
African antelopes, [9]
— bellows, [120] sq.
— Telak (arm-knife), [162]
Africo-Arab weapons, [163]
‘Afterthought,’ [1]
Afzal Khan (Moslem General of Aurangzeb), [8]
Agate splinter (for wooden Swords), [47]
Agave (American), [6];
used for paper-making, [50] n
‘Age of Wood’, [31]
‘Ages’, [22] n
Agesilaus, army of, [241]
Ἀγκύλη (Greek throw-stick), [34]
‘Agmen pilatum’ and ‘quadratum’ (Roman army), [245]
Agreutic (age of primitive Archæology), [5] n
Agriculture in Ancient Egypt, [148]
Ahasuerus (= Xerxes), [210]
Airain (derivation), [84]
Aji (black stone), Japanese use of, for weapons, [52]
Aka, Akhu (Ancient Egyptian axe), [89], [158]
Akkad (= Upper Babylonia), [104] n
Ἀκινάκης, [90] n
Alabaster pommels at Mycenæ, [231], [233]
Albanian castes, [241] n
— yataghan, [265]
Alemanni (Germani), weapons of the, [270]
Alexander the Great, [209]
Alfânge (Iberian; El-Khanjar), [29]
Algebra in Assyria, [202] n
Alipes (Mercury), [1]
Alkinde (Ondanique), [110]
Alle-barde (Teutonic weapon), [92]
Allophyllian or Agglutinative Turanian, [146]
Alloy (derivation of the word), [74] n
Alloys of copper, [53], [57]
— proportions of, [83];
table of alloys in common use, [83] sq.
Aloe (Socotrine), [6]
Alorus, king of Babylonia, [199]
Aluminium, [81] n
Alyattes, tomb of, [194]
Alphabet (whence it came), [51] n, [147]
— Hindú, [219] n
— of Troy, [193]
Amber, [48], [87]
Ambidexter Swordsmen, [185]
Ambrum (= amber), [87]
American broad-axe, [128]
Amestris (= Esther), [210] n
Amphictyony of the Ionians, [194]
Amukta (class of weapons: Hindú), [214]
Amun Ra, [149] n
Amygdaloid greenstone (‘toad-stone’), [103] n
Analysis of a copper knife-blade, [69];
of so-called ‘bronzes,’ [70];
of Assyrian bronze, [81]
Anchor, the original, [119] n
Ancient Britain, centre of bronze industry, [276]
— Britons, account of the, [277]
— Cypriote characters, [225]
— German method of warfare, [273]
— Greece, extent of, [242] n
— Hellas, metallurgy of, [220]
— Indians, [213]
— Indian anthropology, [213]
— Irish, character of the, [279]
— Roman army (its constitution), [245]
— Rome (her rôle in history), [244]
Ancile (sacred shield) of æs, [56]
Andahualas valley (meaning of the name), [67] n
Andamanese (unable to kindle fire), [2] n
Andanicum (Ondanique), [110]
Andena (ductile and malleable iron: Avicenna), [107]
Andes (derivation of the name), [67]
Andromeda legend, the, [180] n
Andro-Sphinx (Egypt), [190] n
Anelace, [263]
Angels, the weapon of the, [237]
Angle of cutting instruments, [131] sq.
— of resistance, [132]
Anglo-Saxon invasion of England, [275]
‘Anguimanus’ (the elephant), [3] n
Animals in Assyrian bas-reliefs, [203]
— (lower) born armed, [2]
Anjan (iron-wood), [112]
Anlas, [263]
‘Annæus’ monument, [258] n
Annals of Babylon, [200]
Anta (copper: Quichua), [67]
Antelope (Indian) horns used for daggers, [11]
Antelopes’ horns used in fishing, [27];
as lance-points, [28]
Antepilani (Roman soldiers), [247] sq.
Antesignani (Roman soldiers), [247]
Anthropology, Ancient Indian, [213]
— of the pagans, [21] sq.
Antimonial bronze, [81] n
Antiquity of bronze in the Nile region, [275]
— of iron and steel, [98]
Antiseptic charcoal, [250] n
Antler of red deer as a thrusting-weapon, [28]
Anvils, [120]
Aor (= Sword, in Homer), [222];
etymology of the word, [224] n
Apes, [2]
Aphrodite or Venus, account of, [187] n
Apis-tombs of Memphis, [190] n
Apollo and Python, [180]
Apophis (serpent: Egypt), [183]
Arabian weapons, [185]
Arabic name for sabre, [123]
Arab scymitar belonging to King of Kishakkha, [162]
Arabs and Egyptians, contrast of, [144]
Aram wine, [173] n
Ararat of Noah’s ark, the, [202]
Arbotana, [14] n
Arblast (enlarged arcus), [19]
Arch, Egyptian, [201]
Archæology, primitive, [5] n
Archaic names of metals, table of, [122]
— tools from Wari Gaon, [110]
Archal (= aurichalcum), [85] n
Archangels (whence borrowed), [149]
Archer (fish: Toxotes), [7]
Archers (Ancient Egyptian army), [154]
— Assyrian, [206]
— in Homer, [222]
Archery, Scythian, [19] n
Architects, Ancient Roman, [245]
Architecture, Assyrian, [201]
— in Ancient Egypt, [148]
— in Hellas, [241]
— origin of, [15]
Arcubalista (crossbow), [19]
Argentiferous copper (liquation of, in Japan), [83]
— galena, [88]
Argus-pheasant (Indian bird), [9]
Aries (sea-ram; Delphinus orca), [7]
Aries-shaped Sword, [141]
Ariminium, coins cast in, [265]
Arithmetic in Ancient Egypt, [148]
Arjuna’s Sword, [217]
Arka (Calatropis gigantea), [218]
Arme blanche, [6]
Armes d’hast, [6], [246] n
Armenia, [209] n
Armenian inscriptions, [200]
Armidoctores, [249] n
Armilla of bronze, Etruscan, [196]
Armlets of bronze (Etruscan), [30]
Armorial badges (= rank), [141] sq.
Armour (derivation of the word), [244]
— made in Cyprus, [188]
— of Ancient Egyptian soldiers, [152] sqq.
Armour of elephants, [216]
— of Goliath, [186]
Arms among the Ancient Romans, [244] sq.
— and Armour of Ancient Roman soldiers, [246] sqq.
— manufactory in Etruria, [198]
— of Hannibal and his troops, [268]
— of the Keltic Gauls, [266] sq.
— of Persian troops, [210]
Army of the Ancient Egyptians, [152] sqq.
Ἅρπη (sharp sickle), [180]
Arrows, [11], [154]
— made of reed, [28]
Arrow-heads in Ancient Gallic and German graves, [274] n
— of deer-horn, [24];
of bone, [25];
of bamboo, [26];
of flint-flakes, ib.;
of pinna and shells, [47]
Arrow-piles of copper, [65]
Arrow-throwers (epithet of the Argives), [222]
Art and science in Ancient Egypt, [147]
Art of the Hittites, [176]
‘Artemis’ (Diana) of the Ephesians, [192] n
Articulate language (origin of), [74] n
Artificial calamine, [86]
— malachite, [72]
Aryan (language), [146] n
Aryans, [76]
Asclepias gigantea, [111]
Asclepius (Berytus), [75]
Ashanti Sword-knife, [167]
Ashur (Assyrian), [200], [207]
Ashuth (fused or cast metal; Hebrew), [103]
Asia, ancient mines of copper and lead in, [63]
Asidhenu (dagger: Hindú), [215]
Asidevatá (Sword-god produced by Brahma), [214]
Askelon (site of), [186] n
Asp (Cobra di capello; Coluber Haja), [33] n
Ass (its method of defence), [7]
Assegai used as a razor by the Amazulu, [14]
Assyria (etymology of the word), [177]
Assyrian architecture, [201]
— bas-reliefs, [176], [201]
— books, [201] n
— bronzes, [104] n
— daggers, [159], [205]
— executioner, [207]
— fashion of wearing the Sword, [206], [239]
— fortifications, [203]
— hand-daggers, [185]
— inscriptions (Bayrut), [200] n
— invasion of Egypt, [200]
— magic, [202] n
— metallurgy, [81], [202];
bronze, [81]
— names for the Sword, [123]
— robe, [175]
— skill in arts, [202]
— soldiers, [206]
— Sphinx, [190] n
Assyrians of Xerxes’ army (their weapons), [105]
Astrolabe in Assyria, [202] n
Astronomy in Ancient Egypt, [148]
— of Mesopotamia, [200] n
Asuras (mighty demons: Hindú), [213]
Atacamite (submuriate of copper), [68]
Athenæus on the Sword, [242] sq.
Athletics, Ancient Roman, [249]
Athor or Hathor (‘goddess of copper’), [62], [69]
Atlantis, [85] n
Attábo, King Blay of, [142]
Auctoramentum (pay of the Bestiarii), [253]
Augustin’s rendering of ‘framea,’ [271]
Aurichalcum, [85]
Aurochs, [30] n
Australian club (development), [39]
Authentic annals of England, beginning of the, [275]
Autochthones of Cyprus, [187]
Avicenna’s description of iron, [106]
Axe (as a weapon), [20], [90] sq.;
of copper and stone, [67]
— (derivation of the word), [91] n
Axe-heads of pure copper, [57]
Ayri (cutting instruments; Peru), [67]
‘Azagay’ (in Spanish and Portuguese), [42] n
Azure (in heraldry; derivation), [140] n
Baal Suteckh (Hittite War-god), [173]
Baal-Zephon, site of, [175] n
Babanga (Sword; Gaboon), [165]
Babel, Tower of, [55]
Baboons, [2]
Babylon, conquest of, [209]
Babylonia, account of, [199] sq.;
civilisation in, [200]
Babylonian chronology, [199] n
Backsword, [123];
Chinese, [64]
Bagpipe, origin of the, [120]
Báhuyuddha (class of weapons, Hindú), [214]
Baïonette Gras, [94], [134]
Balanitis Aegyptiaca (= Persea; Egyptian ‘Tree of Life’), [202] n
Balawat, bronze gates of, [202]
Baldur the Beautiful, [178]
Baleares (‘Slinging-Isles’), [19] n
Balestarius (= crossbow-man), [185]
Balistæ (Roman artillery), [19], [249]
Batistes capriscus (‘file-fish’), [9]
Ballistics, [16]
Balloons, [31] n
Ball-steel (Chinese), [114]
Bamboo (blades made of), [12], [14] n;
arrow-heads, [26]
‘Bamboo-grass,’ [12]
‘Bantu’ (Folk), [3] n
Ban Umha (white copper: Keltic), [65]
‘Barbarian,’ history of the word, [261] n
Barbarism of the ancient Germans, [273]
Bards of Greece, the age of the, [220]
Barylithic (glacial Drift) age, [5] n
Barrows, Cimbrian (finds in), [274]
Barzil (iron: Hebrew), [103]
Basalt-splinters for wooden Swords, [47]
Basket-hilt of a Sword, [124], [126] n
Bas-reliefs of Assyria, [176], [201]
— of Khorsabad, [209]
— of Persepolis, [209]
Baswa knife (Upper Congo), [170]
Bâton ferré, [20]
Battering-ram, Assyrian, [203]
Battle-axe of pure copper, [70]
Battle-gear of gold, [212]
Battle-scene in sculpture (Cuttack), [216]
Bauldric, [206]
Beaked axe, [95]
Bears, polar, [3]
Bechwana club-axe, [93]
Bedstead of iron (of Og, King of Bashan), [103]
Beheading fallen foes (Gallic custom), [269]
Beheading Sword, Cutch, [168]
Behistun Inscription, the, [209] n, [226]
Belagerungs-balister, [19]
Belemnites (‘thunder-stone’), [21] n
Bel and the Dragon, [180], [183]
‘Bell-metal,’ [84]
Bellows, invention of, [119]
Bellows of bullock’s hide, [111]
Bellows-nozzles of copper, [68]
Bells on a Sword-sheath, [169]
Βέλος, [6]
Benipe (meaning of the word), [99], [101]
Bent Swords, Javanese, [218]
Beny Adam meshood, [2]
Bergbarthe (mine-picks; German), [91]
Berytus (Asclepius), [75]
Bestiarii (gladiators), [251], [253]
Bhawáni (Sívají’s Sword), [8] n
Bibasis (gymnastic dance), [239]
Bíchwa (weapon used by Sívají), [8] n
Bilbilis (river: Lusitania), [266] n
Bil-Kan (Assyrian god), [182]
Bill (derivation of the word), [94] n
Bill-hooks of copper, [67]
Birds (their methods of attack and defence), [9]
Bird’s-head-shaped missiles, [37]
Birth of literature in Greece, [202] n
Bisarme or Guisarme, [95]
‘Biscayan’ shape (of Swords), [135]
Bitumen used to fix flint-chips in wooden weapons, [49]
‘Black chalcos,’ [77]
Black Pagoda (Madras), wrought iron in, [109]
Black sand, [102]
Blade of a Sword, [124]
Blasrohr (blow-tube), [14] n
Blende (sulphuret of zinc), [84];
derivation of the word, [84] n
Bloma ferri, [114] n
Bloom (of iron), [114] n
Bloomary (= bloomery), [114] n
Bloomeries (ancient furnaces), [114] n
Blow-pipe, [14];
of copper, [67]
Blue basalt, [100]
Blue-stone (sulphate of copper, blue copperas), [60]
Boars’-hoofs used as armour, [29] n
Boar, wild (its method of attack), [12]
Boians (Etruria), [196]
Bolas (slings), [19]
Bombola (birthplace of Martial), [266] n
‘Bone Age,’ [23]
‘Bone-and-stone-using people,’ [23]
Bone as a base to carry trenchant substances, [27]
Bone-club of Nootka Sound Indians, [25]
Bone-handles for Swords and daggers, [27]
Bone-knives, [26];
-daggers, [26], [27]
Bone-points to weapons, [23]
Boomerang, [19];
derivation of the word, [33] n;
Indian specimens, [35];
its movement explained, [35] sq.
Boomerang-sword, [39];
in Ancient Egypt, [155]
Boot (derivation of the word), [175]
Borax used for soldering, [85] n
Boundaries demarked by the axe, [91]
Bouterolles of a Sword, [124] n
Bowie-knife bayonet, [134] n
Bow (derivation of the word), [19] n
— of a Sword, [125]
— of Vishnu, the, [213]
— the, in Ancient Gaul and Germany, [274] n
— and arrow among the Ancient Hindús, [215]
Bows and arrows used by the Ancient Romans, [245]
Bows, ancient Egyptian, [154]
Boxing, [7]
‘Boycotting’ St. Paul, [185]
Bracchæ (breeches), [269] n
Bracelet of copper, [73] n
‘Brave Master Shoe-tye, the great traveller’ 3 n
Brande or Bronde (Sword), [123]
Braquemart, [123]
Brass early in Christian era, [84];
derivation of the word, [85]
‘Brass’ guns, [56]
‘Brass’ in the A. V. of the Bible, [56]
Breast-belt, gladiatorial, [253]
Breastplates of copper, [68]
Breeches (etymology of the word), [269] n
Breitsachs (Ancient German weapon), [272]
Brennus, [267]
Bridal presents of Ancient Germans, [273]
Bridle of gold, [212]
Brise-épées, [138]
Britain (‘Ynis Prydhain’ Island), [77] n
British Sword in the Tower, [263]
Broad-axe (American squatters’), [128]
Broadsword, various forms of, [96], [123]
Bronze, [22] n, [74] sqq.
‘Bronze Age,’ [22] n, [23] n
— Age in Britain, [275]
— Age in Switzerland, [275]
— Age of Scandinavian Goths, [274]
— armlets, Etruscan, [30]
— armour, [80]
— armour-suit (Roman cavalry), [248]
— arms of the Gauls, [267]
— arrow-heads, Carthaginian, [181]
— casting in, [80]
— chisels, [79]
— daggers, [78] n, [80]
— defensive armour (Roman), [254]
— derivation of the word, [77]
— door-sockets, Assyrian, [202]
— hardening of, [53]
— hatchets in wooden handles, [154]
— in Great Britain, source of, [275]
— knives, [80]
— lancehead at Mycenæ, [230]
— nails, [82]
— parazonium, [239]
— quadriga, [80]
— rapier in Ireland, [279] n
— sabres, [80]
— socketed sickle (British), [276]
— statues (Etruscan), [80]
— Swords, [45], [78] n, [80];
found in Britain, [276] sq.;
Gallic, [266];
found at Hallstadt, [262] sq.;
of Italy, [264];
at Mycenæ, [229] sq.
— Sword-hilt (Etruscan), [197]
— supplied from Phœnicia to Europe, [78] n
— tablet, Hittite, [176]
— work, Assyrian, [202]
Buccinatores (musicians: Roman), [248]
‘Buccularius clypeus’ (= buckler), [246] n
Buckler (etymology of the word), [246] n
— of ox-hide, Roman, [248]
Bucklers of osier (for recruits: Roman), [249]
Buckles of a Sword, [124] n
Buddhism, [213]
Budil, King of Assyria, [208]
Buffalo, its manner of attack, [9];
arrows made of buffalo-horn, [28]
Bull-fights, Spanish, [253]
Bull (wild), its manner of attack, [9]
Bulwark (portable bridge for sieges), [154]
Burbur inscriptions (Babylonia), [199]
Burgwälle, [271]
Burial as a method of making steel, [265]
Burmese Dalwel (Sword), [219]
Burying of iron, [107] n, [112]
Buttons of gold in Troas, [193]
Byzantine (?) finds at Mycenæ, [106]
Cabiri (Kabeiroi), [74] sq.
Cadmeian (old Phœnician) characters, [225]
Cadmia fossilis (natural calamine), [86]
Cadmian stone, [86]
Cadmus (El-Kadim, or El-Kadmi), [60]
Cæsar’s treatment of his soldiers, [260]
Caillouteurs (flint-knappers), [45] n
Calamine (carbonate of zinc), [71], [84];
derivation of the word, [84]
Calasiri (Egyptian bowmen), [152]
Caledonia (etymology of the word), [275]
Calisthenics, Greek, [239]
Callua (paddle), [42]
Calones (camp-followers: Roman), [249]
Caltrops (bamboo splints of Gaboon-land), [14]
Camel (the kick of the), [7]
Cambyses, [209], [211]
Camp-followers (Roman), [249]
Campidoctores, [249] n
Canaanite (meaning of the word), [175] n
Canaanites, [182]
Cane bows and arrows, Ancient Indian, [211]
Canes used as bellows, [68]
Canna (κάννα; whence ‘cannon’), [14] n
Cannelure (of a Sword), [132]
Cannon (derivation of the word), [14] n
— of iron first cast, [117] n
Cannons of gold (Baroda), [162] n
Canticles of Solomon, the, [147]
Capoeira (Brazilian fashion of fighting), [254]
Capulus (Sword-pommel: Roman), [257] n
‘Carbad scarrda’ (Irish war-car), [277]
Carcharias vulpes (fox-shark), [7];
derivation of Carcharias, [7] n
Carchemish inscription, [177]
Carian weapons, [211];
(?) at Mycenæ, [231] n
— words, [231] n
Carpenter’s tools of copper, [67]
Carpentras Inscription, the, [209] n
Carpentry in Ancient Egypt, [148]
Carpentum (war-chariot), [269]
Carpicanna, [14] n
Carthaginian mining operations, [107]
— names, [181]
— Sword-blades, [181]
Caryota urens (Nibong; sago-wood), [6], [23]
Cartouche (cartuccia; meaning of the word), [40] n
Cast-copper axe, [69]
Caspians, [210]
Cassia auriculata, [111]
Cassiterides, [78] sq.
Cassowary (its method of attack), [12]
Casting (of metal) among the Ancient Greeks, [221]
Cast-iron slab in Sussex (14th century), [117] n
— steel, [114] n
Catalan forge, [102] n, [111];
furnace, [107]
Catamaran (Tasmania), [40]
Catapults (of Roman army), [248] sq.
Cateia (boomerang club), [35], [269]
— meaning of the word, [35] n
Catoblepas Gnu, [9]
Cats (domestic, among the Nile-dwellers), [3] n
Cavalier and Roundhead, [277] n
Cavalry, Hittite, [176]
— in Ancient Egypt, [154]
— Roman, [246] n, [248]
Caverns (as dwellings, storehouses, sepulchres), [15] n
— French and Belgian, [1] n
Cave-temples (Indian), the Sword in, [216]
Celestial Empire, the annals of the, [112] sq. n
Celt, of gold, [212];
expanding, [270];
transition from, to paddle-spear and Sword forms, [41]
Celte (in Job), [20] n
Celtiberian iron Swords, [107];
weapons, [265]
Celtis (or celtes = a chisel), [20] n
Celts (the proper orthography), [20] n;
celts of copper, [57];
of stone, [154]
Census, Hebrew, [185]
Centre of percussion, [129]
Centurion’s cuirass, [248]
Ceramics in Ancient Egypt, [148]
Cerbotana, [14] n
Ceretolo, sepulchre at, [196]
Cestus (knuckle-duster of the classics), [7]
Cestus-play, [254]
Cetian or Keteian (in Homer), [172]
Cetra (Roman shield), [246]
Chætodon (archer fish of Japan), [7]
Chakarini (war-quoit), [39] n
Chakrá (war-quoit), [39]
Chalcitic (copper and bronze) Age, [5] n
Chalcedony dagger-blade, [46];
splinters for wooden Swords, [47]
Chalcolibanon, [85]
Chalcos (= Sword, in Homer), [222]
Chaldæan gods, [207]
Χαλκός (meaning of the word), [58]
Χάλκεος οὐδός (‘copper threshold’), [55]
Chalybes (iron-workers), [76]
‘Chalybian stranger’ (= the Sword), [97]
Chalybs (river), [97] n
Chalyps (steel), [221]
Character of Ancient Gauls, [269] sq.
Charay (Afghan Sword), [212]
Charms (Chinese) of copper, [64]
Chape of a Sword, [124];
of a dagger, [124] n
Charay (one-edged knife: Afghan), [161] n
Charcoal in iron-smelting, [107]
Chariot-corps (Ancient Egypt), [154]
Chariots of iron, [103]
Chairs in Ancient Egypt, [148]
Charonion of Antioch, [241] n
Chasing (of metals), [81]
Chayantanka (tin: Peruvian), [83]
Chelidonian sabre (χελιδόνιος ξίφος), [141]
Chemosh (Moabite god), [192] n
Chereb (Hebrew weapon), [180], [183], [184]
Chert arrow-heads, [25]
Chert-splinters for wooden Swords, [47]
Cherubim (etymology of the word), [183]
Cherusci (ancient German tribe), [271]
Chess (showing Hindú form of attack), [218], [273] n
Chess in Ancient Egypt, [148]
‘Chevaucher,’ meaning of, and Greek equivalents, [242] n
Chevaux-de-frise, [14]
Chile copper the toughest, [68]
Chinese (ancient) arms of metal, [63]
— form of Sword-staff, [273]
— iron-works, [115]
— language, [113]
— methods of working iron, [114]
— sabre-knife, [139]
— steel for Swords and knives, [115]
— Sword of copper (afterwards of iron), [64]
— words for iron, [112] sq.
Chisels of chalcos, [63];
of stone and copper, [67]
— of iron (Etruscan), [197]
Chittim (= Cyprus: Hebrew), [187]
Chlorite splinters for wooden Swords, [47]
Chonta wood (Guilielma speciosa), [42]
Chopper-blade (Roman), [257]
— knife, Hittite, [176]
Choppers, Egyptian, [161]
Chopper-shaped blade at Mycenæ, [229]
Christianity in the Indian Peninsula, [219] n
Chrysaor, [180]
Chrysochalcos (‘the king of metals’), [86] n
Chrysocolla (derivation of the word), [85] n
Cidaris or tiara, Persian, [209]
Cimbri, a Keltic people, [273]
Cinctorium (Roman general’s Sword), [257]
Cingulum (waist-belt: Roman), [258]
Cinyras (legendary Tyrio-Cyprian king), [188]
Circumcision an African practice, [150]
— stone knives used in, [46], [69]
City of Priam (Troas), [190]
Cladibas (claidab), [266] n
Claidab (= Spatha), [196]
Classes of Hindú weapons, [214]
Claymore, [123], [130]
Cleaver of the Habshi people, [170]
‘Close-Sword,’ Roman, [258]
Clothes-pins in the Troas, [191]
Club, [20], [32]
— development into the Sword, [39] sq.
Club-Swords, [32] n;
Queensland, [44]
Clubs of copper, [67]
Cluden (juggler’s Sword), [258]
Clypeus (Roman shield), [246] n
Cobalt (in Ireland), [65]
Cock-fighting in the Canary Islands, [254] n
Codicilli (tablets), [225]
Coffins of granite, [81]
Cohorts (of Roman army), [246] n
Coin of copper and zinc, [84]
Colchians, [210]
Cold-wrought (hammered) copper weapons, [65]
Colichemarde blade, [135]
‘Collery’ (throwing-stick), [38]
Colophonium (resin used for soldering), [85] n
Colossal Greek statues, [241] n
Coluber Haja (Cobra di Capello; asp), [33] n
Combats of various animals, [9]
Comb found in Nimrúd’s palace, [105]
Combinations (earliest) of metals, [74] sqq.
Comitialis morbus, [260] n
Comparison of Man and the lower animals, [5]
Confederacy of Etruscan cities, [194]
Cong copper mines, [169]
Congo Sword, [165]
Contus (Roman cavalry spear), [246], [248]
Contus (wooden pike), Gallic, [269]
Convolvulus lanifolius, [111]
Coot (its method of attack), [12]
Copenhagen scramsahs, [272] n
Copper, [22] n, [30];
alloys, [53], [57];
the art of hardening it, [53] sq.;
cutting instruments of, [54] n;
copper prior to iron, [55]
Copper Age (of weapons), [53];
anterior to bronze, [72]
— and brass (alloy), [84]
— and gold (alloy), [83]
— and tin (alloy), [81]
— arms and armour, Ancient Hellenic, [222]
— arrow-piles, [65]
— bracelet, [72] n
— celts, [57], [72]
— coinage (Chinese), [64];
of the Hindus, [70]
— hatchets, [65];
rakes and hammers, ib.;
vases, [68]
— in Europe, [64];
in America, [65] sqq.
— knives, Trojan, [191]
— mines, Chile, [68];
Midian, [102];
of South-Eastern Africa, [170] n
— nails (Greenland, &c.), [65]
— placed in a corpse’s mouth, [68]
— sheets for flooring (ancient), [55]
— statuettes (coated with precious metals), [67]
— Swords, [70];
in Troas, [192]
— tools in Egyptian hieroglyphs, [69]
— trumpets, [221]
Copper-trade of Cyprus, [188]
‘Cops’ (of metal), [111]
Coptic language, [146]
Coquimbite (Pampua or white copperas), [68]
Core-casting (of metal), [221]
Cornicines, [248]
Cornu (musical instrument: Roman), [248]
Cornwall, mineral fields of, [275]
Coronarium (copper coated with ox-gall), [87]
Corrugated iron blades, [119] n
Corrugated Sword of Africa, [171]
Corsican forge, [102] n
Corundum in Midian, [171] n
Corybantes, [74] sq.
Cosmogony, Hebrew, [148] sq.
Cotton dresses, Ancient Indian, [211]
Cottus diceraus, [10]
Counterfeit pearls in Ancient Egypt, [148]
Counterguard of a Sword, [125], [138]
Coupe-choux Sword, [134], [164]
Coustilliers, [185]
Coustrils or Custrils, [185]
Couteau-de-chasse, [210]
Covinus (war-chariot), [269]
Cow (its method of defence), [7]
Crane, white (American bird), [9]
Crannog (its derivation), [27]
Crease (= Krís, Malay weapon), [137], [166]
Creation, Hebrew idea of, [148] sq.
Cremation in the Early Bronze Age, [96]
— (of bodies) at Mycenæ, [234]
Crepitaculum (sacred rattle), [151]
Crests (in heraldry), [40] n
Cretans (ἀεὶ ψεῦσται), [97] n
Crickets (cicadæ) as ornaments at Mycenæ, [233]
Crimea, Scythian graves in the, [227]
Cross of the Coptic Christians, [192] n
Crossbow, [19] n, [165]
— rat-trap, [37] n
Cross guard of a Sword, [125]
Crucibles (at Schliemann’s Troy), [82]
— four-footed, in the Troas, [191]
Crucifixion (Assyrian punishment), [203]
Cruelties of the Assyrians, [203]
Cruithing (= Picts; origin of the name), [279] n
Crusade, the First, [218]
Crutch and dagger (combined) of antelope horn, [12]
Crux ansata (Egyptian Cross), [192] n
Crystal chips on spears, [51]
— lens (Nineveh), [202]
Crystal-cutting in Cyprus, [188]
Cuchillo (Spanish clasp-knife), [39]
Cuirass, Roman centurion’s, [248]
Cultellarii, [185]
Culture in Troy, [193]
Cuneiform inscriptions (Bayrut), [200] n
— syllabarium, [200] n
— symbol for iron, [104]
Cuneus (tactical formation), [273] n
Cupel (crucible; derivation of the word), [111] n
Cupriferous sandstones, [67]
Cup-sling, [19]
Curetes, [74] sq.
Curium treasure, the, [189]
Currus falcatus (scythe war-car: Ancient Britain), [276]
Curtle-axe (= cutlass), [140]
Curved broadsword, [96]
— type of Sword, [127] sq.
‘Curved thrust,’ [133] sq.
Cushito-Asiatic (Ethiopian) tribes, [188]
Cuspis (point of a Sword: Roman), [255] n
Customs of the Ancient Germans, [273]
Cut-and-thrust weapons, [123]
Cutlass, [123], [140], [211]
Cutting edge of a Sword, [129]
— or trenchant weapons (origin of), [12]
Cyanus (steel), [221];
Dr. Schliemann’s translation of, [222] n;
of Pliny (lapis lazuli), ib.
Cybele (Dea Multimamma), [192] n
Cyclopes, [75] sq.
‘Cyclopean Wall’ (in the Argolid), [76]
Cylinder of gold at Mycenæ, [229]
Cymbals at the feast of Rhea (in Varro), [58]
Cymbals of tin and copper, [81] n
Cynocephali, [2]
Cyprian dagger, [173]
— Venus (worship of), [188] n
Cypriote (Ancient) characters, [225]
— art, [187]
— contingent of Xerxes’ army, [188]
— manufacture of arms and armour, [188]
— names of places, [188]
— syllabary, [188] sq.
Cyprus, its epithet ærosa, [58];
derivation of the name, [59];
account of, [186] sq.
Cyrus, [209]
Dacians on Trajan’s column, [262]
Dacian Sword, [262]
Dagger (derivation of the word), [215] n
Dagger-formed knives, [169] n
Dagger-forms from Persepolis, [211]
Dagger-Swords, [166];
Assyrian, [204]
Daggers, Assyrian, [205]
— of bone, [26]
— of bronze, [78] n
— of copper, [79]
— of iron (Egyptian), [100]
— used by the Persians, [210]
— with rapier-blade (Theban), [195] n
Dagon (etymology of the word), [181]
Dah (= Dáo: Burmah), [140]
Dahome, Swords of the King of, [167]
Dalwel (Burmese Sword), [219]
Damascened steel, Cypriote, [188]
Damask-work (on weapons), [83], [110] n, [112], [151] n
‘Damascus blade,’ [132], [142]
Damascus (Persian) scymitar, [265]
Damnameneus, [75]
Danish Scramasax, [263]
— Swords, [236]
‘Danisko’ (African weapon), [163], [237]
Dankali Sword, [165]
Dáo (weapon of the Nága tribe, Assam), [140]
Darius the Mede, [209]
Dark Continent, chief weapons of the, [162]
Darts and stones (ancient Lybian weapons), [16]
David’s sling, [19];
his copper helmet, [70]
Deadbook, the, [147]
Dearg Umha (red copper; Keltic), [65]
Decalogue derived from the Dead-book, [150]
Decimal and duodecimal systems in Assyria, [202] n
Deer-horn arrow-heads, [24]
Defensive armour of bronze, Roman, [254]
Defensive weapons (of Animals and Savages), [6]
— of the Cimbri, [274]
Degan (dagger: Cimbrian), [274]
Degen (kind of dagger: German), [215] n
Degeneration of Roman soldiers, [261]
Deinotherium, [4]
Deities standing on animals, [176]
Denderah Zodiac, [155] n
Densare (meaning of the term), [107]
Description of bronze Swords of Ancient Britons, [277] sq.
— of the Ancient Britons, [275], [277]
Devanagari alphabet, [189]
Development of Man, [5] sq.
— of the celt, [88] n
Devil, the, [181]
Dha or Dhow (Indian knife), [219]
Dhanu (personification of the bow: Hindú), [214]
Dhanurvidya (Bow-Science: Indian), [213]
Dies Alliensis, [267]
Dimacheri (gladiators), [252]
Diodon, [44]
Diorite axe bored by means of a bow, [191] n
Diorite (? basalt) implements at Mycenæ, [53] n
— in Ancient Egypt, [171] n
Dioscuri, [75]
‘Distaff-side’ relationship, [188] n
Divination in Assyria, [202]
‘Doctored’ bullets, [26] n
Dolche (daggers), [30], [273]
Dolls in Ancient Egypt, [148]
Dolphins in the Nile, [9]
Door-hinges in Nimrúd’s palace, [105]
Door-sockets of bronze, Assyrian, [202]
Double balteus (Roman), [258] n
Double-edged Sword blades (Wahumla tribe), [169]
Double-headed eagle (at Eyub), [176]
Double-sided comb in Nimrúd’s palace, [105]
Dowris bronze, [87]
— copper, [53]
‘Dowris metal,’ [181], [276]
Dragon’s blood, [87] n
Dress-pins (women’s) of copper, [67]
Draughts (game of) in Ancient Egypt, [148]
‘Drawing-cut,’ [131]
Duel of Manlius Torquatus and the Gaul, [267]
— origin of, [267] n
Duelling weapons, [135]
Dumb-bells, [250]
‘Dunner-Saxen’ (Lower Saxony), [272] n
Düsack (weapon), [123]
Eagle, imperial, [246] n
Early Iron Age in Britain, [276]
— — — of weapons, [97]
Ears of a Sword, [124]
Eastern heraldry, [140]
Edge of a Sword, [124]
Egypt (Ancient), geography of, [145]
— architecture in, [148]
— art and science in, [147] sq.
— heraldry in, [147] sq.
— its military system, [152] sqq.
— its monotheism, [149]
— law code of, [147]
— music, painting, and sculpture in, [148]
— the cradle land of language, [146]
— the fountain head of knowledge, [147]
Egyptian arch, [201]
— choppers, [161]
— cutlasses, [211]
— daggers, [157]
— flag (five-rayed star on), [147] n
— gilding (on bronze), [81]
— metallurgy, [80]
— names for the Sword, [123], [155] sq.
— phalanx, [155]
— Sphinx, [190] n
— Swords, [157];
in Cyprus, [189]
— word-roots, [146] n
Egyptians (Ancient), their origin, [143] sq.
El-darakah (Arabic shield), [12] n
Electricity, the marvellous displays of in Central Africa, [119]
Electrum (derivation of the word), [86] n
Elephants armed with Swords, [216]
— Indian and African, [3] n
Elephant-Sword, [216]
Elephant-trunk ornaments, [67] n
Elephant (use of a weapon by), [3];
its stroke or blow, [7]
El-Khauf maksum, [6]
El-Khizr (the Green Prophet), [179]
Emblems of the Egyptian nomes, [147]
Emu, [4]
Enamel, Assyrian, [202]
Enfield Sword-bayonet, [134] n
‘Englishmen of Antiquity,’ [275]
English gladiatorism, [253]
Engraving on copper plates, [55] n
Ensigns in Ancient Roman army, [246] n
Ensis, [247];
etymology of the word, [254]
Entering angle, [132]
Enthytonon, [19]
Epitaph of Eshmunazar, [179]
‘Epos of Peutaur,’ [101], [147]
Erin (etymology of the name), [192] n
Ἐριόκομοι, [144] n
‘Erythræans,’ the original, [182] n
Escrime (fencing: derivation of the word), [272] n
Essedum (war chariot), [269], [277] n
Eshmunazar (King of the Sidonians), [179]
Eskimos, [3]
Espadon, [123], [161]
‘Esquimaux’ (origin of the word), [3] n
Estain (= stannum: Gall.), [65]
Esther (= Amestris), [210] n
Ἑστία, [1] n
Ethiopian stone-tipped arrows, [154] n
Etruscan and Latin affinities with Lydian, [194]
— armilla of bronze, [196]
‘Etruscan Bologna,’ [196]
Etruscan commerce, [197]
— inscriptions, [197]
— iron lance-point, [196]
— œnochoe, [196]
— razors, [202] n
Etruscans (account of the people), [195]
Eucalyptus-wood sabres, [44]
Eunuchs, [206], [207] n
Exchange of war-prisoners, Roman, [241]
Executioner, Assyrian, [207]
Executioner’s Sword, [139]
Exodus of tribes from Ancient Germany, [270]
Expanding celt, [270]
Experiments in alloys, [83]
Fabri (Sappers: Roman army), [249]
Face-guard of iron, [258]
Facon or Cuchillo (Spanish clasp-knife, as a missile), [18]
Falchion of Ashanti, &c., [139];
of Ancient Egypt, [155] sq.
— of Cilicia, [182]
— of gold, [212]
Falchion-shaped weapons, [32]
Falconry in Ancient Egypt, [148]
‘Falling on the Sword,’ [184] sq.
Falx (origin of the falchion), [253] n
Famagosta (etymology of the name), [190]
Famous Swordsmen of old, [240] n
Fancy Swords, Roman, [258];
weapons, [204]
‘Fans’ (= Mpangwe negros, Gaboon River), [37] n
Feathers as military decorations, [247] n
Fecial College, the, [244] sq.
Felidæ (their strokes or blows), [7]
Fencing-foil, [123]
Fencing-schools, Roman, [249], [251]
Fenni (Finns), [274]
Ferentarii (Roman soldiers), [245]
Ferro-manganese, [108]
Ferrum (= Sword; Roman), [254]
— candidum, [108]
— indicum, [107], [109], [110]
— sericum, [109]
Fenekh (= Phœnicians), [178]
Fibrolite-splinters for wooden Swords, [47]
Fibulæ of copper, [72]
Field-marshal’s bâton, [33]
Figg (English prize-fighter), [253]
Fighting-cocks in Ancient Greece, [254] n
Fil (of a Sword), [137]
Fil et pointe (cut-and-thrust weapons), [123]
Finds in Cimbrian barrows, [274]
— in old tumuli, [271]
— of Cyprian weapons, [188] sqq.
— of Dr. Schliemann in the Troas, [190] sq.
Fingal’s war-cars (Ossian), [277] n
Fir-bolgs (bag-men, Belgæ?), [64]
Fir-cone, the, as an architectural ornament, [201]
Fire, [1], [2] n, [20]
Firearms among the Ancient Hindus (?), [214] n
‘First Highlander,’ the, [217]
Fist-sword (stiletto), [215]
First lesson in iron, [99]
Fishes (their means of attack or defence), [9] sq.
Five-rayed star (on Egyptian flag), [147] n
Flagellum (gladiatorial scourge), [253]
Flail, [20]
Flails used as weapons, [95]
Flamberg, Flammberg, Flamberge, [123], [136]
‘Flaming Sword’ (of the Cherubim: Eden), [183]
‘Fleam-money’ (among the Fans), [118]
Flint-ateliers (ancient), [102]
Flint-flakes, [13];
knives, [20];
‘Swords,’ [45]
Flint-knappers (caillouteurs), [45]
Flint poniards, [46];
hatchet-sabre, ib.
Flissa (weapon: North Africa), [123], [163], [237], [265]
‘Flood,’ the, [149]
Fluxing (method of treating ores), [65]
Foil with French guard, [133]
Foining weapon, [123]
‘Fonderia di Bologna,’ [196] n
‘Forethought,’ [1]
Forges, [102]
Forked blade, [141]
Forked Sword (Assyria), [141]
Fortifications, Assyrian, [203]
Fox-shark (Thresher; Carcharias vulpes), [7]
Framea (derivation of the word), [270] n
Framée, the oldest, [270]
Francisque or taper axe, [94]
Frankish Italians, [270] n
— spear-blade, [171]
Franks (meaning of the name), [271]
French fencing-foil, [124]
Fronstetten scramsahs, [272] n
Fuel used in iron-smelting, [121]
Funda (sling of the Etruscans), [245]
Funeral urns of copper, [69]
Fur-coats, Gallic, [269]
Furnace-calamine (impure oxide of zinc), [86]
Furnaces (Indian) for iron-smelting, [111] n
Fuscina (gladiatorial weapon), [253]
Fusil Gras, [134]
Fussängel, [1]
Fustanella (kilt), [247] n
‘Fustibale’ (fustibulus), [19]
Future state, Egyptian ideas of a, [150]
Fylfot (crutched cross: North of Europe), [202] n
Gabbro-splinters for wooden Swords, [47]
Gæsum (Roman weapon), [246] n, [268]
Gæsatæ (= hastati), [268] n
Galatæ (= Roman term Galli), [238] n
Γαλάται (etymology of the word), [266] n
Galla Sword, [163]
Gallia Comata, [269];
Bracchata, ib.;
Togata, [270]
Gallic daggers, [267]
— Italians, [270] n
— javelins, [268]
— machairæ-blades, [266]
— manner of battle, [269]
‘Gallic Sword,’ [254], [266]
Gallic women in battle, [269]
Gallo-Greek (= Galatians, Keltic Gauls), [238] n
— Swords, [238]
Ga-ne-u-ga-o-dus-ha (Iroquois deer-horn war-club), [28]
Gardening in Ancient Egypt, [148]
Gasterosteus (‘stickleback’), [10]
Gastrapheta, [19]
Gath (its site), [186]
Gaulish element in Etruria (?), [196] sq.
Gaza (site of), [186]
Gem-engraving, Assyrian, [202]
— in Cyprus, [188]
General ‘No Importa’ (Spanish), [261]
Generals, first duty of, [260] n
Genii of Death (Egyptian), [149]
Geography of Ancient Egypt, [145]
Geometry in Ancient Egypt, [148]
— in Assyria, [202] n
Georgic (age of primitive Archæology), [5] n
German Empire, [270]
— main-gauche, [136]
— silver (packfong; of China), [64] n
Germani (Alemanni), weapons of the, [270]
Germania, Ancient (its land and people), [270]
Germanism, [270]
Gessum (meaning of the word), [268] n
Getæ (Scandinavian Goths), [274]
Gharapuri (cave-town; Bay of Bombay), [217]
Gilding bronze, [81]
Giraffe (its kick), [7]
Girding on the Sword, [185]
‘Giving point,’ [127]
Gizzin (Assyrian weapon), [204] n
Glacial Drift Age, [5] n
Gladius, [247];
etymology of the word, [254]
— Hilius, [256], [268]
Gladiatorial shows, [249], [251] sq.
Gladiatorism, [249] sq.
Glaive (origin of the weapon), [89] n, [123];
leaf-shaped, [165]
Glaives edged with sharks’ teeth, [49]
Glass (derivation of the word), [48] n;
used on spears, [48];
the fable of its discovery by the Sidonians, [54]
Glass-cutting in Cyprus, [188]
Glass-making in Ancient Egypt, [148]
Gleditschia, [6]
Globe-fish, spines of, [24]
Glove, Hittite, [176]
Gnu (its method of defence), [9]
Goat standing on the top of a pin (figure at Mycenæ), [233]
Goat’s horns as volutes, [201]
Goddesses with mural crowns, [176]
God kings (= ‘Dynasty of the Gods’: Egypt), [145]
‘God save the King,’ of Egyptian origin, [149] n
Goidels (Gauls), [275]
Gold and silver ornaments in Cyprus, [188]
Gold Coast Swords, [167]
— coined by the Lydians, [194]
— dust at Mycenæ, [229]
— Egyptian words for, [151]
— esteemed (by the ancients) less valuable than copper, [56]
— its representation in Egyptian hieroglyphs, [69]
‘Golden axe’ of Ashanti, [167] n
Golden bridle, [212]
— calf, the, [183]
— cannons (Baroda), [162]
— celt, [212]
— falchion, [212]
— hatchet, [89]
— plated wooden Sword-handle (Mycenæ), [228]
— scymitar, [212]
— shoulder-belts (Mycenæ), [228], [231]
— Sword-belt, [212]
— tiara, [212]
Goldsmith’s work at Mycenæ, [233]
Goliath of Gath (his armour of copper), [70]
Golîyo (weapon: Baghirmi), [163], [237]
Gonfanon (its etymology), [246] n
Gorillas, [2]
Goths, Scandinavian, [274]
‘Græcia mendax,’ [226]
Græco-Italic race, the, [186], [270] n
Granite coffins, [81]
Γράφειν (its original meaning), [225]
Graver (pick?) in rock tablets (Wady Magharah), [61]
Graving-points, [171] n
‘Great Armenia,’ [209] n
Great Pyramid, the, [147]
Greaves, [247];
of copper, [70]
Grecian Sphinx, [190] n
Greek accents, [220] n
— bronzes (analysis of), [82]
— cavalry Swords, [248]
— combatants, [240]
— epigraphs at Mycenæ, [225]
— fashion of carrying the Sword, [239], [248]
— infantry Sword, [237]
— metallurgy came from Egypt, [105]
— statues, colossal, [241] n
— tactics, [241]
— warfare, [241]
Greeks, the, as soldiers, [242]
‘Green copper’ (= bronze: Chinese), [64]
Greenstone- (diorite-) splinters for wooden Swords, [47]
Greenwood fuel used in iron-smelting, [112]
Grey copper ore (in Ireland), [65]
Grip of a Sword, [124]
Γροσφὸς (= throw-stick), [34]
Guanaco, [7]
Guanches (Wánshi; origin of the word), [16] n
Guard plates (Sword), in Gaul, [257] n
Guards of a Sword, [124]
Guilielma speciosa (chonta-wood), [42]
Guilloche-scroll (architectural ornament), [202]
Guillons, [51]
Guisarme (Gisarme or Bisarme), [95]
Guitar (etymology of the word), [187] n
Gules (in heraldry; derivation), [140] n
Gunnar’s bill, [95]
Gunpowder age (of weapons), [20] n;
use of gunpowder, [31] n
Gymnasia, Hellenic, [239]
Gymnastics of the Spartans, [240]
Gyno-Sphinx (Egypt), [190] n
Hâches votives, [89]
Hades (derivation of the word), [221]
Hæmatite-splinters for wooden Swords, [47]
Haft-Júsh (‘seven boilings’ of metal: Persian), [221]
Hair-dyes in Ancient Egypt, [148]
Hairpins of bronze, [30]
Hair-shears (Roman) of æs, [56]
Halberts of copper, [67]
Hall-bard (Icelandic weapon), [91]
Hallstadt, finds of ancient weapons at, [262]
Halteres (dumb-bells: Roman), [250]
Hamasti (Sword-blade: Assyrian), [204] n
Hamata (Roman armour), [248] n
Hamathite Inscriptions, the, [177]
Hamatum (barb-head spear), [181]
Hammered iron-work in Mesopotamia, [104]
Hammers of copper, [67]
Hammer-wrought plating, [81]
Hamus ferreus, [14] n
Hand-celts, [20]
Hand-hatchet, [88]
Hand-stones, [2];
among the Hottentots, [17];
among modern Syrians and Arab Bedawin, ib.
Hand-thrusting instruments, [133]
Hanger, [123]
Hankow-steel, [115]
Harbah (a dart: Arabic), [184]
Harness (derivation of the word),] 97
Harpé (Ἅρπη: etymology of the word), [180]
— of Cronos (Perseus’ weapon), [180]
Harpoon-heads of reindeer-horn, [29] n
Hastarii (Roman soldiers), [246]
Hastati (Roman soldiers), [246]
Hastile (Roman javelin: Virgil), [246] n
Hatchet-boomerang, [38];
-sabre, [46]
Hatchet of gold, [89]
Hatchets of iron in the ‘Odyssey,’ [225]
‘Hathi’ (‘the handed’: Hindoo epithet for the elephant), [3]
Hauberks, Assyrian, [203]
Hauranic stone doors, [264] n
Hawk-beaded Horus, [181]
Haye (military term), [245]
Heads of fallen foes kept as trophies (Gallic custom), [269]
Headsman’s weapon, [139]
Hebrew arms and armour, [183]
— Iron Age, [103]
— lepers in Ancient Egypt, [174] n
— metallurgy, [183]
— tenets borrowed from Egypt, [148] sq.
Heft of a Sword, [124]
Hegesias or Stasinus: his ‘Kypria,’ [221] n
Held (champion: German), [271]
Heliolatry of the Andes, [67] n
Hellenes, their character, manners and customs, [239] sq.
Hellenic gymnasia and palæstræ, [239]
— reading of the Bards, [220] n
Helmet of iron, in Nimrúd’s palace, [105]
Helmets, Roman, [246]
Henna-shrub (of Cyprus; Lawsonia inermis), [49]
Hephæstus (derivation of the word), [62] n
Heraldry, Eastern, [140] n
— in Ancient Egypt, [147]
Hercules, [75]
Hercules’ shield and Sword, [222]
Hereba (Phœnician weapon: = Harpé), [180]
Hermotybians (Egyptian soldiers), [152]
Hern (its method of defence), [9]
Herodotus (character of his work), [225] sq.
— on the age of Homer and Hesiod, [220]
Heroes of Greece, the age of the, [220]
‘Hero’s arm,’ the (Virgil), [254]
Herse (military term), [245]
Hesiod, age of, [220]
Hide-scabbard, [160]
Hierarchy, Jewish (whence borrowed), [150]
Hieroglyphic signs for iron, [99]
Hilt of a Sword, [124]
Hilts of Ancient German Swords, [272]
Hilt-guards of a Sword, [124]
Hilt-plate of a Sword, [124]
Hindiah or Hindiyáneh (= ferrum indicum), [107]
Hindú alphabet, [219] n
— copper coinage, [70]
— metaphysics, [214]
— mythology, [219] n
— names for steel, [110] n
— sabre, [215]
— trial of Sword-metal, [110] n
— warriors, [215]
Hippopotamus, its method of attack, [9];
home of the, [205] n
Hiram of Tyre, [182]
Hisárlik, the finds at, [106], [190] sqq., [227]
History of Ancient Egypt, [144] sq.
Hithism, [176]
Hittites, [172] sqq.
Hittite boots, [176]
— bronze tablet, [176]
— hieroglyphs, [176] sq.
— language, [177] n
— phalanx, [175]
— representation of the human figure, [176]
— seals, [176]
— syllabary, [176]
Hoang-ta-tie (the Chinese ‘literary blacksmith’), [115]
Holosphyraton (hammer-work), [221]
‘Holy City’ of Miletus, [242] n
‘Holy-water sprinkler,’ [20]
Homa (Assyrian ‘Tree of Life’), [202]
Homer, age of, [220]
Homeric names for the Sword, [222]
Homo Darwiniensis, [5]
— sapiens, [5]
Honeysuckle as an architectural ornament, [202]
Hoofs of animals used as armour, [29] n
Hooked-edge (of a Sword), [138]
Hoplites (heavy-armed Greek soldier), [240]
Hoplology, [1];
orders of, [6]
Hoplomachi (gladiators), [252]
Hoplotherium, [4]
Hor-Apollo (= Harpocrates), [191] n
Hormuzd and Ahriman, [180]
Horn-helmet, [29] n
Horn war-clubs, [24];
other instruments, [27];
horn-arm in Homer, [27];
various implements, [29]
Horse, its method of defence, [7];
known to the Ancient Egyptians, [152] n
Horse-hoofs used as armour, [29] n
Horus (Egyptian god), [178]
Hottentots, [3] n;
origin of the word, [17]
House-furniture in Ancient Egypt, [148]
Human-headed bull, Assyrian, [203] n
Human sacrifices in Ancient Egypt, [156] n
‘Hunga munga’ (weapon: Lake Chad), [37]
Hünnenringe, [271]
Hunting among the Ancient Germans, [273]
— Assyrian, [203]
Hunting-dresses in Ancient Egypt, [148]
Hurud (iron; Chaldæan), [104]
Hydraulic pressure (an ancient form of), [54]
— — for hardening bronze, [81]
Hydraulics in Ancient Egypt, [148]
Hyksos (Shepherd-kings), [103], [173], [186] n
Iapetus, legend of, [1]
Iberian Alfânge (El-Khanjar), [29]
— blade (Spatha), [256]
Iberic blade in Rome, [197]
Icelandic Hall-bard, [91]
Ida (derivation of), [106] n
Idæi Dactyli, [74] sq., [106]
‘Iliad,’ metal-working tools in the, [221]
Ili (hand-sword: Hindú), [215]
Imbricated armour, Assyrian, [203]
Imitation and Progress, [5]
Impedimenta (baggage: Roman army), [249]
Indian architecture, [219] n
— gold coinage (?), [214] n
— legendary myths, [213]
— sabres, [137]
— steel, [109], [218] sq.
— weapons, [185]
‘Indo-European’ (applied to a language), [193] n
‘Ineffable Name,’ the (its origin), [149]
Infantry ‘regulation’ sword, [129]
Inflated skins (as floats for soldiers: Assyrian), [203]
Ingots of tin (Mexican), [82]
Inlaid iron saucer, [106] n
‘Inner Sea,’ [179]
Innuit, [3] n
Inscription (Assyrian) on a Sword at Nardin, [207]
Inscriptions (rock) traced with flint flakes, [49] n
‘Inside-edge’ weapons, [235], [237]
Intaglio’d gold at Mycenæ, [229] sqq.
Invasion of England by Anglo-Saxons, [275]
Iphicrates’ improvement of Greek arms and armour, [237]
Iranian (language), [146] n
Irish copper swords, [57]
Irish race (their origin), [65] n
‘Iron Age,’ [22] n, [23] n
Iron among the Aryans, [108]
Iron among the Romans, [107]
‘Iron-built’ cities of the Ancient Hindús, [219] n
Iron cannon first cast, [117] n
— chain-armour, Assyrian, [203]
— chisels (Etruscan), [197]
— dirk worshipped by the Scythians, [226]
— face-guard, [258]
Iron-flakes, surface (Cape of Good Hope), [119]
Iron glance (specular iron, oligiste), [107]
— hasps and nails, [100]
— in Africa, [117]
— in Assyria, [105]
— in China, [112] sq.
— in Egypt, [100]
— in German myths, [271]
— in Homer, [108]
— in India, [108] sq.
— in Madagascar, [116]
— in the Pentateuch, [103]
— in Tacitus, [225]
— introduction of in Greece, [69], [97];
derivation of the word, [97] n
— keys at Mycenæ, [106]
— knives, [100], [106]
— known to Homer and Hesiod, [221]
— on the American continent, [116]
— rare in ancient Germany, [271]
— sheaths for Swords, [222]
— sickle, [100]
— sling-bullet, [191]
Iron-smelting on the Libanus, [103]
Ironstone in ancient Bashan, [103]
— weapons, [52]
Iron Swords, Etruscan, [195]
— — of Italian tribes, [265]
— treated of by Aristotle, [106]
Iron-wood, [40]
Iron-working Age of India, [109]
— in Japan, [115] sq.
Italian foil, [124]
— poison daggers, [51]
Italy (modern), its two races, [270] n
Iverapema (‘Iwarapema’), [42]
Ivernii (Irish non-Celts: Ptolemy), [279]
Ivory-carving, Assyrian, [202]
Jacaná (Parra; American bird), [9]
Jaculum (Roman javelin), [246] n
Jade Pattu-Pattus, [25], [47];
derivation of ‘jade,’ [47] n
Jadite (and jade) splinters for wooden swords, [47]
Janghiz Khan, [227]
Japanese blade, [139]
— copper, [64]
— ingots, [64]
— iron, [116]
— liquation of argentiferous copper, [83]
— stone-chopper, [52]
Jauhar (‘jewel’ or ribboning of a ‘Damascus’ blade), [112]
Javanese blade, [215]
— sculptures, [218]
Javelineers, Roman, [248]
Javelins, [20], [66], [90];
Ancient Roman, [246] n
— for recruits, Roman, [249]
Javelin of the Samnites, [266] n
Jáyá (mother of all weapons: Hindú), [214]
Jeanne d’Arc’s Sword, [184] n
Jehovah (Yahveh), its etymology and mystic meaning, [149] n
Jewish coinage of copper, [70]
‘Jewish face,’ the, [150] n
Jewish manner of wearing the Sword, [184]
Jízeh Pyramid, [100]
Joseph’s position in Egypt, [103]
Judgment after death, Egyptian ideas of, [150]
Julian the Apostate (his armour), [258]
Julius Cæsar as a general, [260]
Jumbiyah (crooked dagger of the Arabs), [29]
Jumbul-wood, [112]
Jutland, celts, &c., of, [274] n
Kabeiroi (Cabiri), [74] sq.
Kabyle Flissa, [265]
Kachhá (pig-iron), [111]
Kadesh, site of, [174] n
Kakhi (brass), [87]
Kakku (Assyrian weapon), [204] n
Káma-Shastra (Ars amoris: Hindú), [215]
Kanaruc, Temple of, [109]
Kangaroo (its method of defence), [12]
Κάννα (Lat. canna; whence ‘cannon’), [14] n
Kan-top, Indian, [204]
Kasabet (brass), [87]
Kasios (Zeus), [1] n
Kaskara (Swords: Baghirmi), [162]
‘Kassiteros,’ in Homer, [227]
Katuriyeh (? = Cateia: Gujarát), [38]
‘Kawas’ (hand-stone), [18]
Keil (wedge: cuneus) form of attack, [273]
Kelan (Hittite slingers), [175]
Kelmis, [75]
Κέλται (etymology of the word), [266] n
Keltic aborigines of the British Isles, [275]
— (?) finds at Mycenæ, [106]
— Gauls, weapons of, [266]
— miners’ tools, [107] n
Κελτικὸν θράσος, [266] n
Kelto-Scandinavian swords (miscalled Anglo-Saxon), [139]
Kemi (meaning of the word), [145] n
Kemite copper mines (in Midian), [102]
Keteian or Cetian (in Homer), [172]
Ketos (Canis Carcharias), [180]
Kettles of copper, [69]
Key-pattern (architectural ornament), [202]
Keys of iron at Mycenæ, [106]
Khadga (Hindú Sword), [214] sqq.
Khanjar, [266]
Khanjar-dagger, [212]
Khanjar (Georgian weapon), [159]
— of Persia and India, [29]
Khesbet (metal connected with tin), [87]
Kheten (war-axes; Egyptian), [154], [158]
Khita (Hittites), [200]
— people, description of, [175];
their armour, weapons, &c., ib.
Khita-land, the Sword in, [172] sq.
Khoi-Khoi, [3] n, [17]
Khnemu (gnomes), [75]
Khopsh (kopis; Egyptian Sword), [156], [266]
Khorasáni blades, [114] n
Kilt, ancient, [247] n
King Blay of Attábo, Sword made by, [142] n, [168]
King-crab (Limulus), [24]
King Koffee’s umbrella, [167] n
Kinnúr (Hebrew lyre), [187] n
Kinyá (arm-knife: Baghirmi), [162]
Kirab-sar (Hittite writer of books), [173]
Kiry (Kerry: Kafir weapon), [28]
Kitár (Hindú weapon), [140]
Kleydv (Welsh Sword), [279]
Klingenthal Sword-manufactory, [132]
Κνήστεις (Athenian weapons), [237]
Knief (ancient German weapon), [272]
Knife-Sword (Ancient Egyptian), [155]
Knife, the (preceded the saw), [13];
as a missile, [18]
Knights of Malta: their Swords, [162]
Knives edged with sharks’ teeth, [49]
— of iron at Mycenæ, [106]
Knobkerries, [32] n
Knob-stick (development into the Sword), [44]
Knuckle-duster (cestus of the classics), [7]
Kobongs (Australian tribal ‘crests’), [40] n
Κοπίς, not mentioned in Homer, [224];
= Egyptian ‘Khopsh,’ [235];
the weapon of the Giants, and of the Amazons, [235] sq.;
peculiarity of the weapon, [236]
Kopis of the Gauls, [266] n
— Spanish, [265]
Korah (Nepaul weapon), [265]
Koran-reading, [220] n
Kordofan, rude kind of bellows in, [120]
Krís (= crease: Malay weapon), [137], [166], [212]
Kukkri blade of Ghurkas, [236]
Kukkri or Gurkha Sword-knife, [39], [217] n, [265]
Kulbeda (weapon of the Nyam-Nyams), [37]
Κύων, [1] n
Κύπρος (meaning of the word), [58]
‘Kurs’ (bloom: of metal), [112]
Kurush (= Κῦρος, Cyrus), [209] n
‘Kypria’ of Stasinus, the, [221] n
Labarum (Roman standard), [246] n
Λάβρα (= πέλεκυς: Lydian), [89]
Labrandian Jove, [89]
‘La boxe Française,’ [254]
Lacquer or varnish (on metals), [84]
Lance, Assyrian, [202]
Lances of sago-wood, [23]
Lancehead of bronze at Mycenæ, [230]
— of fish-bone, [23]
— of pure copper, [57]
Language, articulate (three periods of), [74] n
Lanista (Roman maître d’armes), [249]
Lapis lazuli (= cyanus in Pliny), [222] n
Laqueatores (Roman gladiators), [210] n
Larissa (lance, Middle Ages), [182]
Larnaca (etymology of the name), [187]
Lasso, the, in Ancient Egypt, [210] n
— of the Roman gladiators, [210] n
— South American, [210] n
Lassos of plaited thongs (Persian), [210]
Lát (iron pillar of Delhi), [109]
‘Latchen’-blade, [135]
Lateral blades (of a Sword) moved by a spring, [136]
Laterite, [118]
Latin blood in English race, [277]
Latrunculi (Roman game), [218]
Latten (derivation of the word), [85]
Laufi or Laf (Sword), [123]
Lava-splinters for wooden Swords, [47]
Lawsonia inermis (‘kopher,’ henna-shrub), [59]
Laws of the Visigoths, weapons in the, [272] n
Lead, scoriæ of, [82]
— and silver in Spain, [107]
Lead-bronze in Ireland, [276]
Leaf-shaped dagger and the rapier, connection of, [278]
Leather sheath (for Swords), [160]
Lebes-chauldron, [192]
Legion of the ancient Roman army, [245] sq.
Leiste (guard-plate: German), [272]
Lemovii (Pomerania), [274]
Length of Ancient Greek Swords, [238]
— of Ancient Indian Sword, [216] n
— of Egyptian Swords, [159]
— of Roman spear (Tacitus), [271]
Leowel (pick), [37]
Lepers, Hebrew, in Ancient Egypt, [174] n
Leptolithic age, [5] n
Libyan (Ancient) weapons, [162]
‘Life,’ [261] n
Ligaunians (Etruria), [196]
Lignarii (Sappers: Roman army), [249]
Limulus (king-crab), [24]
Linen at Mycenæ, [232]
‘Line of direction’ in a Sword, [129]
Lingua di bove (Sword shape: Italian), [166], [239]
Lion (its stroke or blow), [7]
Liquation of argentiferous copper (in Japan), [83]
Lisán (‘tongue’-weapon), [32], [154]
Λισσότριχοι, [144] n
Litholatry, [1] n
‘Live iron’ (= loadstone), [102]
Livy’s Phalanx, [246] n;
Legion, ib.
Lixæ (camp-followers: Roman), [249]
Llama, [7]
Loadstone in the Troas, [191]
Long-handed Danish Sword, [274]
Long-hefted axe (Norman), [90]
Longobards, [271]
Long-straight Sword, [158]
Long-Sword, [161]
Lord High Treasurer’s white rod, [33] n
— Marshal of England’s gold truncheon, [33] n
— Steward of the Household’s white staff, [33] n
‘Lords of Asia’ (the Persians), [209]
‘Lost Tribes,’ the, [151] n
Lotus, the, as an architectural ornament, [201]
Lucky and unlucky marks on Eastern horses, [216]
Ludus gladiatorius, [249]
Lusitania, abundance of metal in, [265] sq.
Lusitanian weapons, [266]
Lycian weapons, [182], [211]
— tongue, the, [187] n
Lydians, account of the, [194]
Lydian stone splinters for wooden Swords, [47]
Macaná, [42]
Macedonian phalanx, weapons of the, [237]
Mace in rock tablets (Wady Magharah), [61]
Machabees (etymology of the word), [185] n
Machæra (= Sword, in Homer), [224]
Machairæ-blades, Gallic, [266], [268]
Μάχαιραι (Angl. Sax. Meche), [161]
Machairodus latidens (sabre-toothed tiger), [9]
Madagascar iron, [116]
Mádu or Máru (horn dagger), [11]
Mahquahuith set with obsidian teeth, [67]
Magic in Assyria, [202] n
— mirror of Perseus, [180]
Magnet (loadstone), [102]
Mail-coat on the Trajan column, [258]
Mail-coats of iron in the Rig Veda, [108]
Main-gauche, German, [136]
Malachite (derivation of the word), [62] n
Malay krís (weapon), [137]
Malga war pick, [37], [38]
Mall (weapon), [88]
Mallet in rock tablets (Wady Magharah), [61]
Malleable bronze, [57];
copper, [66];
iron, [98]
Maltese cross, [192] n
Manchette, [12] n
Maniples (of Roman army), [246] n
Mantis (the fights of), [13]
Mantramukta (class of weapons: Hindú), [214]
Manufacture of arms and armour in Cyprus, [188]
Manyuema Swordlet, [169]
Maracá (sacred rattle: Brazilian Tupis), [151]
Marave iron-smelting furnace, [118]
‘Mar Jiryús’ (Cappadocian saint), [181]
Mars worshipped by the Scythians, [227]
Martel-de-fer, [28]
Martinezia ciliata, [42]
Máru or Mádu (horn dagger), [11]
Maruduk (= Mars: Assyrian God), [207]
Marzabotto blade, the (Etruscan), [195]
Masks (papier-mâché) in Ancient Egypt, [148]
‘Master Shoe-tye,’ [3] n
Materialism, [261] n
Mathematics in Ancient Egypt, [148]
Maushtika (fist-sword; stiletto: Hindú), [215]
Mawingo-wings (Pennisetum Benthami), [12]
Mayence blade, [238]
Media, [209] n
Mediæval sabres, [136]
— split Swords, [142]
Medicine in Ancient Egypt, [148]
Medinah Habu, temple of, [175]
Melaleuca (swamp tea-tree), [40]
Melkarth (Phœnician god), [179]
Μελίη (ash-tree = a bow), [254] n
Memnonium, the, [175]
Meri (New Zealand weapon), [26], [47]
Merodach (Babylonian god), [183]
Mesopotamia, iron work in, [104]
Mesopotamian astronomy, [200] n
Metal in the Hissarlik remains, [106]
— replaces bone and stone in weapons, [50]
— scabbards, [222] n
Metal-workers, a wandering race of, [275]
Metal-working (discovery of), [51]
— in China, [115]
Metallic value of Dr. Schliemann’s finds, [233]
Metallo-lithic Age, [22] n
Metallurgic δαίμονες, [74]
Metallurgy, Assyrian, [202]
— developed by ancient Egyptians, [151]
— extension of from Egypt, [63]
— of the Exodists, [56] n;
origin of, [74]
Metals, archaic names of, [122]
— in Ancient Cyprus, [186]
— in Ancient Hellas, [220]
— in the Troas finds, [191]
Metamorphosis, [2]
Meteoric-iron chips for wooden weapons, [51]
Meteoric iron, [99]
Meteorolites, [99] n
Method of warfare, Ancient German, [273]
Mica-schist dagger (natural formation), [47]
Mica-schist, mould of, [82], [191]
Midas-myth, the, [187] n
Midian copper mines, [102]
Mihhili Mezzir (= Sahs), [272] n
Milanese (modern), [270] n
Milesians (origin of the name), [65] n
Miletus, ‘Holy City’ of, [242] n
Militarism of the Ancient Romans, [252]
Military discipline under the Roman Empire, [249]
— mining (Ancient Egypt), [154]
— tactics of Ancient Hindús, [218]
Milites (etymology of the word), [245]
Mimosa, [6], [32]
Mineral fields of Cornwall, [275]
‘Miners’ hammers (= stone-pounders; Ireland), [65]
Miölner (hammer of Thor), [35]
Mirmillones, [251]
Mirrors (polished) of copper, [67]
Missile fishes, [7]
— weapons, [2], [6]
Missiles in the Iliad, [222]
‘Mixing bloods,’ [227] n
Modern Irish, character of, [279] n
Mohammed’s Sword, [141]
Mokume (ornamental alloys), [83]
‘Money swords’ (Chinese talismans), [64]
Mongol, a special race, [227] n
Monkeys, (use of missiles by), [2]
Monomachia (intaglio of gold) at Mycenæ, [234]
Monodon monoceros (Narwhal or sea-unicorn), [11]
Monotheism of Egypt, [149]
‘Morning star,’ [20]
Morra (the game) in Ancient Egypt, [148]
Moses’ cradle, [149]
Moslem two-headed eagle (heraldry), [176] n
Mosul (the original Ararat), [202]
‘Mound-builders,’ [66], [116]
‘Mountain copper’ (ὀρειχάλκον), [85]
Movable tower (for sieges), [154]
Mucro (edge of a Sword: Roman), [255] n
Mud bricks, Assyrian, [201]
Muffle (crucible), [111] n
Muktámukta (class of weapons: Hindú), [214]
Muktasandhárita (class of weapons: Hindú), [214]
Mulciber (= Malik Kabir: Phœnician), [179]
Multibarbed or serrated weapons, [13]
Mummies, Quichuan, [67] n
Mummy bodies at Mycenæ, [228]
— skulls, [144]
Music connected with Lydia, [194]
— origin of, [15]
— in Ancient Egypt, [148]
Mussel-shell (the original spoon), [47] n;
and as a tip to a (thrusting) wooden Sword, [48]
Muzak (wrought metal: Hebrew), [103]
Mycenæ, the discoveries at, [73], [82], [106], [227] sq.
‘Mycenæ spiral,’ [233] sq.
Mycenian goldsmiths, [85] n
Mythological degradation on of Egyptian mysteries, [151]
Naharayn (Mesopotamia), [104], [172]
Nails of copper, [65]
‘Naki-ka-kausti’ (a spectaculum at Baroda), [8] n
Names become by-words, [65] n
Napoleon Buonparte and the Arabs, [186] n
Naphtuhim (Thuhi = ‘the fair people’), [102] n
Narwhal or sea-unicorn (Monodon monoceros), [11]
Naseus fronticornis, [10]
National weapon of ancient Germans, [270]
‘Native brass’ opposed to ‘yellow copper’ (English) 56
Native iron, [99];
steel, ib.
Natural alloys, [66], [69]
Náyin (Mpangwe crossbow), [37] n
Nebo (Mercury), [207]
Necklace-beads (Mycenæ), [228]
Necropolis at Marzabotto (Bologna), [195] sq.
— in Valdichiana, [197]
Neo-Latin names for the Sword, [123]
— races, the, [270]
Neolithic age, [5] n
Nephrite meri, [47];
nephrite a cure for kidney disease, [47] n
Nero, character of, [252] n
Nickeliferous iron, [99]
Niello (nigellum), [83], [152]
Nile-dwellers, [3] n
Nilotes, characteristics of the, [144] n
Nimrúd, Palaces of, [202] sq.
Nineveh, [200];
discoveries at, [201]
Ninus, date of, [199] n, [200]
Nippers of copper, [68]
Njiga (weapon: Baghirmi), [163], [237]
Noah (original of the name), [149]
Noah’s ark, [149]
Noahitic Deluge, the, [144] n, [149] n
North beats South, [261]
North-European Sword not of Roman origin, [264]
Northumberland stone, the, [267]
Novacula, Cyprian, [189]
Nuggets (copper) as bell-clappers, [67]
Nuggets of iron, in Africa, [119]
Nuguit (Greenland weapon), [25]
Obelisks (method of forming them), [54]
Obsidian daggers, [46];
splinters for wooden Swords, [47];
black obsidian spear-head, [50]
Ocreæ (greaves or leggings), [247]
Odysseus (etymology of the word), [224]
‘Odyssey,’ the, wrought iron in, [224]
Œnochoe, Etruscan, [196]
Offensive weapons (of animals and savages), [6]
Old Coptic language, [146]
Old Persian Sword, [139]
Old Spanish Swords, [265]
Oligiste (iron glance, specular iron), [107]
Ollaria (pot copper), [88]
‘Omphalos of the earth,’ [192] n
Onager, [4];
origin of the name, [20] n
Ondanique (= ferrum indicum), [107]
One-handed Swords (Mexican), [67]
Onomatopœia, [4]
‘Oran-Banua’ (men of the woods: Malaccan negrito aborigines), [14] n
Ὀρειχάλκον, [85]
Ore smelting (discovery of), [51]
Orichalcum, [85]
Orientation of corpses, [234] n
Oriflamme, [246] n
Original alphabet, the, [146] sq.
Origin of the Ancient Egyptians, [143] sq.
— (suggested) of the smelting-process, [118]
Orissa Sword (two-bladed), [141]
Or molu, [87]
Ornamental alloys (applied to Swords), [83]
Ornamentation, Greek, [221]
Ornaments in sepulchres at Mycenæ, [234]
— set in bone, [29]
Osier-bucklers (for recruits: Roman), [249]
Osiris and Typhon, [180]
Osiris’ ark, [149]
Ostrich-feather head-gear, [158] n
Ostrich throwing stones, [3]
Οὐλότριχοι, [144] n
Ourshol (= Melkarth), [179]
Pacho (club: South Sea Islanders), [48]
Pack-fong, [68]
Pactyans, [210]
Paddle (or original oar), [32], [40];
paddle and spear combined, ib.;
development into the Sword, [42]
Paddle-sword (Peruvian), [66], [68]
Pagaya (sharpened paddle), [42]
Painting in Ancient Egpyt, [148]
— (origin of) 15
Pakká (crude steel), [111]
‘Palace of the Atreidæ’ at Mycenæ, [233]
Palace of the Forty Columns, [211]
Palaces of Nimrúd, finds in, [202] sq.
‘Palace of Priam’ (Troas), [191] sq.
Palæolithic flints, [45] n
Palæoliths of Kelts of the British Isles, [275]
Palæstræ, Hellenic, [239]
Palameda (Horned Screamer), [9]
Palestine (etymology of the word), [177]
Palintonon, [19]
Palladium of Troy, [1] n
Palm-wood Swords, [43]
Palstab, [270]
Palstave, [20];
derivation, [30] n
Paludamentum (Roman officer’s cloak), [245] n
Palus, [250]
Πάμφαινον (explanation of the epithet), [223]
Panimukta (class of weapons: Hindú), [214]
Papacha (Quichuan god), [67] n
Paphlagonians, [210]
Παρὰ μηροῦ (meaning of the expression), [239]
Parazonia (weapons), [161]
‘Parazonium’ dagger, [239], [246]
Parazonium of bronze, [239]
Parchment, Assyrian, [201] n
Parian (Arundelian) Chronicle, [105]
Parma (Roman shield), [246] sq.
Parmularians, [252]
Parrying-shields, [38]
Parrying stick (Africa and Australia), [12]
Partisan (mediæval weapon), [183] n
Pas d’âne, [125] n, [166]
‘Paternoster’ blade, [136]
Pathros (meaning of the word), [145] n
Pattisha (two-bladed battle-axe: Hindú), [215]
Patrick, St., [180]
Pattu-Pattus, [25], [47]
Pavoise (in sieges: Ancient Egypt), [154]
Pea-shooter, [14] n
Pedila, [1]
Pelasgo-Hellenic race, the, [186]
Πέλεκυς, [89], [90]
— ἀμφιστόμος (bipennis), [271]
Pelusium (etymology of the word), [177]
Pennations (in sabres: Eastern and mediæval), [136]
Pennisetum Benthami (Mawingo-wingo), [12]
Pennons, Assyrian, [203]
Pentaur (scribe of Ramses II.), [101], [147]
Percussion, centre of, [129]
Persea (Egyptian ‘Tree of Life,’) 202 n
Perseus, [179] sq.
Persia, [209]
Persian cidaris or tiara, [209]
— akinakes, [210]
— archer, [209]
— cuneiform, [201], [203]
— headdress, [209]
— helmet, [209]
— origin of heraldry, [140] n
— sculpture, [209]
— shield, [209]
— Sword (old), [139]
— war-axe, [273]
— warrior, [209]
Persepolis sculptures, [208]
Persians of Herodotus, the, [226]
Peruvian army, [66];
nation, [66] n;
derivation of ‘Peru,’ ib.
Peshawar sculptures, [218]
Phalangæ, [32]
Phalanx of the Hittites, [175]
— Ancient Egyptian, [154]
— in Livy, [246] n
Phalarica (fire-missile: Roman), [248]
Phaleræ (military decorations), [248]
Phallic theories, [114]
Pharaoh (meaning of the word), [145]
Pharsalia, Cæsar at, [260]
Phásganon (= Sword, in Homer), [222], [230];
etymology of the word, [223]
Philistia, plain of, [186]
Philistine (modern use of the word), [185] n
— weapons, [185]
Phœnicia (etymology of the word), [178]
Phœnician art in England, [275]
Phœnicians, [178]
Phosphor-bronze, [53], [80]
Phosphorus mixed with copper, [81] n
Phrygian tongue (a congener of Greek), [76] n
Phrygian-type cap, [175]
Picks made of reindeer-antlers, [29] n
Picrous Day (a Cornish festival), [79]
Picts (origin of the name), [279] n
Pierced blade and sheath (Sword), [136]
‘Piercing-stone’ (Babylonian Inscriptions), [171] n
Piedmontese (modern), [270] n
Pigeon-shooting, [253] n
Pilani (Roman javelineers), [248]
Pile (arrow-head; derivation), [25] n
Pile-dwellings of Olmütz, [24];
of Laibach, [29]
Pilum (Roman weapon), [248] n
Pilus (division of Roman army), [247]
Pinna used as arrow-heads and adze-blades, [47]
Pirhua (the first Ynka deified to a Creator), [66] n
Piromis (meaning of the word), [144] n
Pir (sun-heat), [1] n
Pisoliths, [102]
Pivot-theatres, [250]
Plating (or sheeting) on wood or stone, [55]
Ploughshare (Roman) of æs, [56]
Plover of Central Africa (carries weapons in its wings), [9]
Plumbiferous scoriæ in Spain, [108]
Plumbum argentarium (tin and lead), [88]
‘Plummets’ in the Western Mounds, [116]
Point of a Sword, [139]
Poison daggers, [51]
— trees, [6]
Poisoned arrows, [26];
bullets, [26] n;
weapons, [9], [11]
Pokwé or Poucue (weapon: Lunda), [169]
Poland (derivation of the name), [92]
Pole-axes, [92];
Egyptian, [154]
— of silver, copper, gold, [67]
Pole, discovery of the, [200] n
— (pillar: etymology of the word), [114] n
Poles of war-cars armed, [277] n
Polished mirrors of copper, [67]
Polyænus on Julius Cæsar, [260]
Polybius (his character as a writer), [245] n
Pommel of a Sword, [123], [140], [159], [165]
Poniards of flint, [46]
Popular sports, [253]
Porcelain in Ancient Egypt, [148]
Porcupines ‘shooting their quills,’ [3] n
Pork, Jewish hatred of, [150]
Portable African bellows, [121]
— bridge (for sieges; Ancient Egypt), [154]
— shrines of Ancient Egypt, [150]
Postín (Slav and Afghan dress), [269]
Pot-copper, [88]
Pottery, in the Maydúm Pyramid, [61];
of the Quichuans, [67] n
Potter’s wheel, invention of the, [119]
Poucue (weapon; Lunda), [169]
Prachtaxt (ancient German weapon), [273]
Prahiunamif (son of Ramses II.), [174]
Pramantha, [1] n, [202]
Prasa (spear: Hindú), [215]
Prasine faction, [252]
Pre-Adamites (Moslem), [2] n
Precious stones on Swords, [258]
Predatory fishes, [4], [7]
Prehistoric Ilium, [194]
Prester John, [163] n
Primæval language (Egyptian), [146] sq.
Primitive man, [3] sqq.
Primordial shipbuilders (the Cabiri), [75]
Principes (Roman soldiers), [247]
Prisse Papyrus, the, [147]
Pristis (Saw-fish), [13]
Processes of making steel, [117] n
Processional axe (German), [91]
Proci (Roman soldiers), [248]
Produce of Ancient Britain, [277]
Promachoi (Greek soldiers), [248]
Prometheus, [1]
‘Promised Land,’ the, [178]
Prong-edge (of a Sword), [138]
Proportions of alloys, [83]
Proportion in length of blade and hilt-blade, [264]
— of man to animals, [5] n
Proto-chalcitic Age (of weapons), [53]
Proto-sideric Age, [5] n
— or Early Iron Age of weapons, [97]
Provinces of the bronze antiques of Europe, [276]
Prydhain (god worshipped in Britain), [77] n
Pteropedilos (Mercury), [1]
Ptolemies, the, [209]
Ψευδάργυρος, [85]
Pucuna, [14] n
Pugio (Ancient Roman weapon), [210], [256];
derivation of the word, [257] n
Pukhtu or Pushtu (Afghan language), [210] n
Punctured wounds, danger of, [127]
‘Pundonor,’ [267]
Punishing prisoners by torture (Assyrian), [203]
Πῦρ, [1] n
‘Purple copper’ (Chinese), [64]
Pygmalion in Cyprus, [187]
Pyracmon (the Cyclop), [75]
Pyramid of Copan (Yucatan), [67] n
— the Great, [147]
Pyrites, [1] n
Pyropus (copper and gold alloy), [86] n
Pyrodes, [1] n
Pyrrhic dance, [239]
Quadrangular thrusting-blade, [136]
Quadriga of bronze, [80]
Quagga (its kick), [7]
‘Quarrel’ (bolt of a crossbow), [25] n
Quarter-staff among the Ancient Hindús, [215]
Quartz (and quartzite) splinters for wooden Swords, [47]
Quaternary Age in England, [275]
Quella (Khellay, iron: Peru), [67] n
Quenching (of metal) with water, [165];
with oil, [165] n
Quichua language, [67] n;
characteristics of the people, ib.;
mummies, ib.
Quillons of a Sword, [125], [164]
Quincussis (bronze coin), [264]
Quiris (= Hasta: Ancient Roman weapon), [246] n
Races, changes in the conditions of, [243]
Racial names, [194]
Raia trygon and R. histrix (sting-rays), [11]
Rakes of copper, [67]
Rakshasas (demons: Hindú), [213]
Ram (in sieges: Ancient Egypt), [154]
Ramayana Epic, [190]
‘Ramrod-back’ Sword, [133]
Ramses II., tablets of (Bayrut), [200] n
‘Rank,’ man of (derivation of ‘rank’), [140]
Ranseur or Ronçeur, [95]
Rapier, [123]
Rapier-blades, Etrurian, [195], [278]
Rapier in Ancient Britain, [278]
Rat-trap, crossbow, [37] n
Razors, Assyrian, [202] sq.
‘Razor-women’ of King Gezo (Dahome), [168]
Recruit-drill, Roman, [249]
‘Red bronze,’ [72]
Reed arrows, [28]
Regnum Noricum, [256]
‘Regulation’ Sword (infantry), [129], [133]
Regulus (of metal), [107] n, [111]
Reindeer-antlers used as picks, [29] n
— period, [27], [29]
Relief in gold and silver on Swords, [258]
Religion in Ancient Egypt, [148]
Repoussée work at Mycenæ, [233]
— work on Swords, [258]
Respect for the dead, [5] n
Retiarii (Roman gladiators), [210] n, [251]
Rhinoceros-horn used for weapons, [28]
Rhinoceros (its armature), [9]
Riesenmauer, [271]
Riding practised by Ancient Romans, [249]
Rig Veda, mention of iron in the, [108]
Ring-money, [151] n
Ritual of the Dead, Egyptian, [184]
Rock-inscriptions at Ibriz, [176]
Rock-inscriptions traced with flint-flakes, [49] n
— tablets at Wady Magharah, [61]
Roman alloys, [84]
— fashion of wearing the Sword, [258]
— fashions adopted by Gauls, [269]
— helmets, [246]
— iron, [107]
— jurisprudence, [244]
— lacquered or varnished brass, [84]
— method of hardening and tempering tools, &c., [107]
— mining operations, [107]
— names for the Sword, [254]
— shield bordered with brass, [266]
Romans smelted copper in England, [71]
Roman soldiers, [259] sqq.
— Swords in England, [259]
Ῥομφαία (Thracian weapon), [237]
Ronçeur or Ranseur, [95]
Rorarii (Roman soldiers), [245]
‘Rosa mystica’ (of Byzantine art), [202]
Rosette, the, as an architectural ornament, [201]
‘Royal Commentaries of the Ynkas,’ [67]
Royal Swords, Assyrian, [205] sq.
Rubbings of Pharaohnic stone, [102] n
Ruby copper, [85]
Rudis (rod or wooden Sword: Roman), [250]
Rugii (Baltic), [274]
Rumpia (weapon mentioned by Gellius), [237]
Runes engraved on a Scramasax, [272] n
Runic inscriptions on Cimbrian weapons, [274] n
‘Sabbatic River’ (Pliny, Josephus), [178] n
Sabbation (fabled river), [178] n
Sabbaths, Assyrian, [200] n
Sabine shields, [253] n
Sabre, ancient forms, Greek and barbarian, [12];
its origin, [32]
Sabres of eucalyptus-wood, [44]
Sabre-toothed tiger (Machairodus latidens), [9]
Sacæ (Shakas; Nomades: Scythians), [226]
Sacrificial blades, [217] n
— knives of flint, [46]
— knives of iron, [100]
Σάγαρις, [90]
Sagartian Nomades, [210]
Sagina gladiatoria, [250]
Sago-tree (Nibong; Caryota urens), [23]
Sagum (Roman soldier’s cloak), [245] n
Sahs, Seax, Sax (Saxon), [272]
Sailor’s cutlass, [140]
Sakkarah pyramids, [144] n
Samians, casting and soldering among the, [221]
Samnite weapons, [253]
Samnites, javelin of the, [266] n
Samson’s weapon, [24];
tomb, [186] n
Samurai (Japanese two-sworded man), [252] n
Sandal of Perseus, [179]
Sanskritists and philology, [191] n
Sanskrit, terms for iron in, [108]
Sappers of Ancient Roman army, [249]
Sarbacane, [14] n
‘Sardian electrum,’ [87]
Sardones (Shardona), [175]
‘Sardonian linen,’ [175]
Sarissa (spear), [182], [237]
Sarpedon’s targe, [192]
Satrap (etymology of the word), [226] n
Sattára (= Sát-istara, the Pleiades), [8] n
Satzuma copper (the best in the world), [64]
Saucer, inlaid iron, [106] n
Saunion (Samnite javelin), [266] n
Sauromatæ (northern Medes and Slavs), [227]
Savage worship of weapons, [162] n
Saw-bayonet, [51], [137]
Saw, double-handed, of iron or steel, in Nimrúd’s palace, [105]
Saw-fish (its armature), [13];
teeth of, [24]
Saw-kerf, [29]
Saws, Assyrian, [203]
Saxnot Zio (German Sword-god), [273]
Saxo (weapon of the Saxon or Sacæ), [90] n
Saxon blade, [135]
Saxones (ancient German tribe), [271]
Scabbard of pearl, [212]
Scæan gates (Troas), [191]
Scaling-ladder, Ancient Egypt, [154];
Assyrian, [203]
Scalping described by Herodotus, [227] n
Scandinavian Goths and Vandals, [274]
— tactical formation, [273]
Scarabæi of diorite (Egyptian), [53] n
‘Scatterer’ (Sanskrit Astara), [38]
Sceptre-heads of copper, [68]
Scheme of battle, Homeric, [241]
Σχήνη ἱερὰ (portable tent of the Carthaginians), [150]
Scherma (fencing: derivation of the word), [272] n
Schläger (German weapon), [135] n, [139]
Schlegel on the ‘Brazen’ Age, [56]
Schleswig, spatha of, [272]
Schliemann’s excavations in the Troas, [190]
‘Schweinskopf’ (Ancient German tactical formation), [273]
Schwertstab (Sword-staff), [273]
Science in Egypt, [147] sq.
Scilly Islands (origin of the name), [78] n
Scipio’s fleet, arms supplied to, [198]
Scissors (etymology of the word), [272]
— of copper, [79]
Sclepista (Roman sacrificial knife) of copper (or bronze?), [56]
Scoriæ of lead (at Schliemann’s Troy), [82]
Scorpion (or onager), [19], [20] n
— (whip-goad: Ancient Egypt), [157]
Scourge, Assyrian, [206]
Scramasax, Scramma Scax, [94], [223], [235];
(derivation of the word), [272] n
— from Hallstadt, [263]
Scramsahs, Copenhagen, [272] n
Sculpture in Egypt, [148]
— (origin of), [15]
Sculptures of Chehel Munar, [211]
Scutum (Roman shield), [247], [253]
Scymitar, [123], [130], [139];
etymology of, [126] n
— among the Peruvians, [68]
— of gold, [212]
Scymitar-shaped Sword, [133]
Scythe-shaped Swords, [72], [95]
Scythes of copper, [72]
— used as weapons, [95]
Scythe war-car (of Ancient Britons), [276]
Scythian weapons, [227]
Scythians, [226]
Seals, Hittite, [176]
Sea-unicorn (Narwhal; Monodon monoceros), [11]
Seax (weapon = Saxo), [90] n
Second chalcitic age of alloys, [74] sqq.
Sections of Sword-blades, [131]
— of thrusting Swords, [135]
Securis, [90];
Danica, [274]
Semiramis, [207]
Semitic (language), [146] n
Senonian Gauls, [267]
Sentinum, war-cars of Gauls at the battle of, [277] n
Sepulchres at Mycenæ, [228] sqq.
Sequence of metals—copper, bronze, brass, [57]
Serpentine (stone), [47]
Serrated or saw-edged instruments, [13]
Set (Satan, the Evil Spirit of Egyptian religion), [149]
Sesostris, weight of the statue of, [54];
derivation of the name, [174] n;
date of, [199] n
Seven-rayed star (on Turkish flag), [147] n
Shairetana (Syrian people), [179]
Shah and Shahanshah (derivation of the word), [210] n
Shak-ari (‘foe to the Shakas’), [226]
Sham-fights, Roman, [249]
Shapes of Ancient Egyptian Sword-blades, [161]
— of cutting instruments, [132]
— of Sword blades, [126]
Shardana (Sardones), [175]
Sharks’ teeth used to edge Swords, [49]
Sharpened stake, [21]
‘Shave-grass,’ [12]
Shear-steel, [114] n
Sheeting (or plating) on wood, [55]
Sheet (or plate) iron-work, Assyrian, [105]
Shell-lac, [87] n
Shell of a Sword, [124]
Shells as arrow-heads and adze-blades, [47]
Shepherd-kings (Hyksos), [103], [173]
‘Shepherd’s plaid’ in Central Africa, [269] n
Shield, Australian, [20]
Shield-handles, [105]
Shield of Achilles, [223]
— of Ajax, [222]
— of Hercules, [222]
— with concentric rings (British), [276]
Shield-umbo, [248]
Shields as heraldic badges, [40] n
— Hittite, [175]
Shinar, Plain of, [199]
Shotel (Abyssinian Sword), [163]
Shoulder-belts of gold (Mycenæ), [228], [231]
Shovel-shaped base of spear, [170]
Sica (short Sword: Roman), [252]
Sicarii, [185]
Sicarius (‘assassin’), [252] n
Sicily (derivation of the name), [252] n
Sickle of chalcos, [55] n
Sickle-Sword (Ancient Egypt), [155], [161]
Sickle-throwing (in the Roman Campagna), [19]
Sickles used as weapons, [95];
of iron, [100]
Sicula (= English ‘sickle’), [252] n
Sideros indikos, [108]
Siderite (loadstone), [101]
Σιδηρίτις λίθος (magnet), [101]
Σίδηρος (wrought iron), Hellenic, [221];
etymology of the word, [221] n
— ἐργασμένος (worked iron of Aristotle), [107]
Signa, in Ancient Roman army, [246] n
Signet-ring in Nimrúd’s palace, [105]
Sigurd’s Sword, [95]
Silepe (Basuto weapon), [94]
Sih-tárah (Persian lyre), [187] n
Silex, [1] n;
Silex religiosa, ib.
Silex arrow-heads, [102] n
Silex-flake knives, Hebrew, [184]
Silex-flake ‘Swords,’ [45]
Silk-spinning in Ancient Egypt, [148]
Silver and lead in Spain, [107]
— coinage at Ægina, [194] n
— dagger, Cyprian, [189]
— in Ancient Egypt, [151]
— in Midian, [151]
— its representation in Egyptian hieroglyphs, [69]
— lead, [88]
— mines (ancient) of Peru, [67] n
Siluri (Welsen), [29]
Siljukian monsters, [176]
Simiads (use of missiles by), [2]
Sindi (Gypsies), [76]
Singhauta (horn dagger), [11]
Single-grooved claymore, [132]
Single-stick among the Ancient Hindús, [215]
Sinties (Sinti or Saii), [74], [76]
Sion, iron Sword discovered at, [197]
Sívají (Prince of Maráthá-land), [8]
Skeyne (Irish scjan), [27]
— (Sword), [123]
Skull-cap (namms), Ancient Egyptian, [204]
Slav (or German) Sword, [263]
Sling-bullet of iron, [191]
Slingers, Hittite, [175]
— in Ancient Egyptian army, [154]
Slings (various kinds), [19], [49]
Small handles of bronze Swords, [264] n
Small-Sword, [123], [135]
Smelting, [65], [88]
Smith (derivation of the word), [77]
Snake (sacred), [1] n
Socketed celt (Yorkshire), [276]
Socotrine Aloe, [6]
‘Solar myth,’ [191] n
Solder (ancient), [85] n
Soldered blades at Mycenæ, [233]
Soldering among the Ancient Greeks, [221]
Soldering in Ancient Egypt, [151]
Soldiers’ headdresses, Assyrian, [203]
Soldier’s position in Hellas, [241]
Soleret (boot; 16th century), [175]
Solid scabbard of metal (German), [272]
Solomon Islands (nondescript weapon used in), [12] n
Solomon’s Temple, [182]
— Temple (the ‘brass’ in), [56]
Soma (Asclepias gigantea), [202] n
Somal, [259]
Source of bronze in Great Britain, [275]
South American lasso, [210] n
Southern Italians (modern), [270] n
Sow-metal, [107]
Spade, [20]
Spalling (method of treating ores), [65]
Spanish (Ancient) Swords, [265]
— bull-fights, [253]
— Xiphos, [268]
Spartan Sword-blade, [238]
Sparth (= battle-axe: Chaucer), [235] n
Spata or Spatha, [123], [142], [156]
Spatha of Schleswig, [272]
— pennata, [267] n
— Roman, [258] n
Spathæ, Ancient British, [279]
— of iron, German, [271]
Spathe (= weaver’s lath), [235] n
Σπάτι (Romaic sabre: etymology of the word), [235] n
Spear, [20];
origin of, [31];
in Homer, [223]
— and paddle combined, [40];
spears armed with flints, [48]
Spear, favourite weapon of the Dark Continent, [162]
Spear-head, Assyrian, [203]
Spear: its name in various languages, [274]
Spear of the ancient Germans, [270]
Spearmen, Roman, [247]
— Hittite, [176]
Spectacula, Roman, [251]
Specular iron (iron glance, oligiste), [107]
Σπέρμα πυρός, [1]
Spelter (copper and zinc), [84]
Spetum (Spieclo or Spit), [95]
Sphinxes, [176]
Sphyraton (plate work), [221]
Spiculum (Roman javelin), [246] n
Split-bone implements, [29]
Split Swords, [142]
Spodium, [86] n
Spur-edge (of a Sword), [138]
Spud, [20]
Squalus centrina or Spinax, Linn., [9], [23]
Squamata (Roman armour), [248] n
Stabbing Swords of copper, [72]
Stag-horn axes, [27];
inserted in wooden truncheons, [49]
‘Stahl-bronce’ = steel (i.e. hardened) bronze, [53] n
Stamped-clay literature (Assyrian), [201]
Stan (Irish term for tin), [65]
Standard-bearer (German), station of, [273]
Standard-bearers, Assyrian, [203]
Standards in Ancient Roman Army, [246] n
‘Standard Inscription,’ [55]
Staple of Cyprus, [188]
Star (derivation of the word), [221] n
Star-shaped weapon of copper, [68]
Stasinus or Hegesias: his ‘Kypria,’ [221] n
Stater (gold coin) of Crœsus, [194] n
Staves of copper inlaid with figures, [68]
Steam, motive power of, known to Ancient Egyptians, [148]
‘Steel bronze,’ [53]
Steel (Chinese) for Swords and knives, [115]
— early known, [98]
— in China, [113]
— its representation in Egyptian hieroglyphs, [69]
— processes of making, [117] n
— Swords, Roman, [256]
— treated of by Aristotle, [106]
— wheel (Chakrá; war-quoit), [39]
St. George and the Dragon, [180] sq.
‘Stickleback,’ (Gasterosteus), [10]
Stick-sling, [19]
Stiletto, [11]
— Hindú, [215]
— Italian (derivation of the word), [215] n
Stilettos, two-edged (Ancient Roman), [257]
Sting-fish or adder-pike (Trachinus vipera), [11]
Stoccado, [123]
Stómoma (steel), [106], [109], [110]
‘Stone Age,’ [22] n, [23] n
Stone anchors, [119] n
Stone-axe, [20] n
Stone-hatchets, [14] n
Stone spear-heads, [26];
implements, [30]
Stone-splinters in wooden Swords, [47]
Stone-tipped arrows (Ethiopian), [154] n
Stone-throwing, [7]
Stone-weapons of the Romans, [21] n
Stones as weapons, [16] sq.
Stork’s-head-shaped weapon, [37]
Storm-caps of iron, [102]
St. Michael, weapon of, [237]
St. Paul and the Sicarii, [185]
Stratagems (of Animals and Savages), [6]
‘Straw-death’ (Scandinavian), [185]
Stream-gold, [54]
Stream-tin, [59], [78]
String-sling, [19]
Strokes or blows of various animals, [7]
Stylus or Stilus, [15] n
Suardones (ancient German tribe), [271]
Subligaculum (gladiatorial apron), [253]
Succinum (amber), [87]
Suffetes (Carthaginian magistrates), [181]
Suit of Cypriote armour, [188]
Suits of iron armour, [102]
Sumir (= lower Babylonia), [104]
Sumpitan (Borneo), [14] n
Sun-dial, discovery of the, [200] n
Sun, the, in Egyptian religion, [149]
Superimposed settlements of Troy, [193]
Superiority of the curved blade, [129]
Supernumerarii (Roman soldiers), [245] n
Surface ironstone of Africa, [117], [119]
‘Surgeon’ or lancet-fish (Acanthurus), [10]
Suvóroff and his soldiers, [260] n
Svasti (Hittite symbol), [202] n
‘Svinfylking’ (Scandinavian tactical formation), [273]
Swallowing Swords (by jugglers of old), [238]
Swallow-tailed blades, [141]
Swallow-wort (Calatrapis gigantea), [218]
Swimming (two ways of), [40] n
Swamp tea-tree (Melaleuca), [40]
Sword—
Abyssinian Sword, [237]
acinaces (Persian), [210] sq.;
with golden ornaments, [212]
Afghan Charay, [212]
ancient Greek infantry Sword, [237]
among the Barbarians, [262] sqq.
— — Scythians, [226]
Arjuna’s Sword, [217]
as a weapon for point, [133]
Asidevatá (‘Sword-god’: Hindú), [214]
Assyrian fashion of carrying the Sword, [239]
— Swords, [199], [204] sq.
as the instrument of punishment in Persia, [211]
blades of gold given honoris causâ, [212]
blades, shapes of, [126]
bronze swords of Italy, [264]
— — (Scythian) in the Crimea, [227]
Burmese Dalwel (fighting-Sword), [219]
Carthaginian blades, [181]
Celtiberian and Old Spanish Swords, [265]
Ceretolo, Etruscan Sword found at, [196]
Cilician, [211]
cinctorium (Roman general’s Sword), [257]
club-Sword (Assyrian), [204]
cluden (juggler’s sword: Roman), [258]
Cypriote Swords, [188]
dagger-Swords, [204]
Danish Swords, [236]
definition of the weapon, [123]
derivation of the word, [123] n
description of Roman Sword, [254] sq.
double-bladed, [141]
double Sword (Assyrian), [204]
‘Dunner-Saxen’ (thunder-Sword), [272] n
edged with sharks’ teeth, [49]
elephant-Sword, [216]
ensis noricus, [263]
ethnological view of Sword-distribution, [128]
Etruscan Sword, [195] sqq.
executioner’s, [139]
‘falx supina’ of the Thracians, [253]
fancy Sword (Assyrian), [204]
‘ferrum,’ ‘gladius,’ ‘ensis,’ [254] sq.
fist-Sword (stiletto: Hindú), [215]
flesh-knife Sword (Egyptian), [212]
forged by Hephaistos (in Aristophanes), [223] n
forked, [141]
from Mithras group, [210]
German or Slav Sword, [263]
gladiators’ Swords, [252] sq.
Greek fashion of carrying the Sword, [239]
Hercules’ Sword, [222]
hereba-blade, [181]
Hittite, [175]
in Ancient Rome, [247] sqq.
in Britain, [275] sqq.
in Greek literature, [242]
in Homer, [222]
in India, [213] sqq.
in Moslem Africa, [162]
in Persia, [209] sqq.
in relief (Persepolis sculptures), [210]
in the Dark Continent, [162], [166]
in Troas, [193]
its parts described, [124] sq.
Khadga, As, or Asi (Hindú Sword), [214], [216]
Keltic Sword, [272]
length of Ancient Greek Swords, [237]
Marzabotto blade, the, [195]
Mayence Sword, [255]
maushtika (fist-Sword; stiletto: Hindú), [215]
Mohammed’s, [141]
names for the Sword in Homer, [222]
of Alexander the Great, [188]
of Ancient Illyria, [262]
of bronze, [78] n, [82]
of copper, [57], [72];
copper and zinc, [84]
of copper (Cimbrian), [274]
of Goliath, [184]
of Greek cavalry, [248]
of iron (of the Celtiberians), [107]
of iron discovered at Sion, [197]
of iron in Ancient Germany, [270]
of iron-wood and obsidian, [49]
of Isernia, [197]
of Jeanne d’Arc, [184] n
of justice, [139]
of Misanello, [195] n
of Perseus (Ἅρπη), [180]
of Scandinavian Goths, [274]
of scymitar shape, [133]
of Sigurd, [95]
of the Alanni, [262] sq.
of the Alemanni (Germani), [270] sq.
of the Ancient Egyptian army, [155]
of the Ancient Hebrews, [182], [184]
of the Bosnians, [262]
of the Cherubim (Eden), [183]
of the Cimbrians, [274]
of the Dacians, [262]
of the Danes, [274]
of the Early Bronze Age, [96]
of the Fenni, [274]
of the Gold Coast, [167]
of the Irish, [276]
of the Keltic Gauls, [266]
of the King of Dahome, [167]
of the Lemovii (Pomerania), [274]
of the Ligures, [265]
of the Lycians, [182]
of the Phœnicians, [179], [181]
of the Rebo (Syria), [179]
of the Rugii (Baltic), [274]
of the Ruthens (Syria), [179]
of the Scotti, [279]
of the Shairetana (Syria), [179]
of the Thracians, [262]
of the Tokkari (Syria), [179]
of the Welsh, [279]
of Tiberius, [258]
of Vandals, [274]
of Victor Emmanuel, [257] n
of Vul-nirari I. (Assyrian), [208]
of wood, [31];
palm-wood, [43]
of wood and stone combined, [47]
of wood with stone edges, [49]
on Italian (ancient) coins, [264], [268]
ornamented with alloys, [83]
Persian Swordlet (περσικὸν ξιφίδιον), [211]
royal Swords (Assyrian), [205] sq.
‘rudis’ (rod or wooden Sword), [250]
Samnite Sword, [253]
Sa-pa-ra (Assyria), [204]
Saul’s Sword, [185]
scythe-shaped, [72], [95]
sections of Sword-blades, [131]
Spanish Xiphos, [268]
swallowing Swords (by jugglers of old), [238]
swallow-tailed or forked, [141]
Sword and the Dove (Assyrian emblem), [184]
Swords found at Mycenæ, [228] sqq.
Swords found in ancient cemetery at Hallstadt, [262]
‘Sword of God’ (Jeremiah), [185]
Thracian Swords, [222] sq.
with blades like Aries (astronomical sign), [141]
with iron blades (Roman), [258]
with saw blade, [51]
with wood- and horn-points, [49]
women (Hindú) instructed in the use of the Sword, [215]
wooden Swords in sham-fights (Roman), [249]
zacco-Sword of Emperor Leo, [272] n
Sword and spear of copper or bronze (Theseus’), [105]
Swords and Sword-handles in Nimrúd’s palace, [105]
Sword-bayonet, Enfield, [134] n
Sword-belt and scabbard of Darius, [212]
Sword-belts, Assyrian, [206]
Sword-blades of copper, [72]
Sword-breakers, [138]
Sword-cutlers, Hebrew, [185]
Sword-dagger, two-edged, [184]
Sword-daggers (Ancient Egyptian), [159], [161]
Sword-dance, [163], [165]
Sword-distribution, ethnological view of, [128]
Sword-exercise among the Ancient Greeks, [240]
Sword-fish (Xyphias), [11];
its horn as a spear-head, [24]
‘Sword-grass,’ [12]
Sword-knife (Kukkri), [39];
of Ashanti, [167]
Sword-like weapon of Borneo, [112]
Sword-play of North Africa, [163]
Sword-makers, [77]
Sword-metal, Hindú trial of, [110] n
Sword-pommels at Mycenæ, [231], [233]
‘Sword-side’ relationship, [188] n
Swordsmen of old, famous, [240] n
Syenite (hieroglyphics engraved on), [53]
Syllogistic puzzle of Eubulides, [97] n
Syphilis, traces of, in prehistoric bones, [150]
Syria (etymology of the word), [177]
Syrian terebinth, [257]
Tabáshir (silicious bark of bamboo), [31]
Tabernacle, the Jewish (whence imitated), [150]
Table of alloys in common use, [83] sq.
Table of archaic names of metals, [122]
Tacapé (paddle), [42]
Tac et taille (cut-and-thrust), [126]
Tactical formation of Ancient Germans, [273]
Tactics in Ancient Greece, [241]
Talaria, [1]
Talismans (Chinese) of copper, [64]
Talwar (Hindustan sabre), [131] sq.
Tamarana (paddle), [42]
Tamarang (Australian parrying-shield), [38]
Tammaraka (sacred rattle; Brazilian Tupis), [151]
Tangapé (paddle), [42]
Tang (tongue) of a Sword, [124]
Tanged dagger, [278]
— razor (British), [276]
Taper-axe, [91], [94]
‘Targe’ or ‘Target’ (derivation of), [12] n
Taru (Egyptian war-pike), [158]
Tasso’s description of the Irish, [279]
Tattooing (its origin), [269] n
Tax levied on iron in China, [114]
‘Tears of the Heliades’ (= amber), [87]
‘Tears of the sun,’ [67]
Tectosages (Phrygia), war-cars of the, [277] n
Telak (African arm-knife), [162]
‘Telamon,’ at Mycenæ, [231] sq.
Telchines, [74], [76]
Telluric iron, [99]
Tempering (of iron) by cold immersion, [112], [165];
by oil, &c., [165] n
Temple-caves of Elephanta (Bay of Bombay), [217]
Temple of Baal at Marseille, [181] n
— of Belus (vulgò Tower of Babel), [55]
— of Kanaruc, [109]
Temples of Babylonia, [199]
Τενέδιος πέλεκυς (origin of the proverb), [90]
Terebinth, Syrian (‘oak’ of Mamre), [257]
Terra cottas in Cyprus, [190];
in Troy, [193]
Testudo (in sieges; Ancient Egypt), [154]
Teufelsgraben, [271]
Thane (derivation of the word), [215] n
Thapsus, Cæsar at the battle of, [260] n
The ‘First Highlander,’ [217]
Thera (Grecian), bronze Sword from, [262]
Thermutis (the princess who found Moses), [174] n
Thiudiskô (= Teutons), [274]
Thong-sling, [19], [68]
Thraces, [252]
Thracian dance (in arms), [163] n
‘Thracian Magic,’ [238] n
Thracians, [210]
Thracian Swords, [222] sq., [262]
— weapons, [253]
Three-sided blades, [66]
Thresher (fox-shark: Carcharias vulpes), [7]
Throw-spears of the Ancient Romans, [245]
Throw-stick, [32], [40] n
Throw-Swords, German, [273]
Thrusting blades, [134] sq.
‘Thrusting cut,’ [134]
Thrusting weapons (origin of), [12]
Thuhi (= Naphtuhim), [102]
Tiara of gold, [212]
Tiger (its stroke or blow), [7];
the sabre-toothed tiger, [9]
Tin, [54];
origin of the word, [77];
mines (ancient), [78]
Tinkal (borax: India), [85] n
Tin-ore of Peru, [83]
‘Tin-stone’ (native peroxide of tin), [71]
Tilaniferous ores, [102]
Toadstone (= todstein: German), [103] n
Tokkari (Syria), [179]
Toletum (Spanish tradition of its origin), [256] n
Toledo blade, [107], [132];
rapier, [265]
Tomahawk, [14] n, [36]
Tombac (copper and gold alloy), [86], [87] n
Tombat (Australian weapon), [36] n, [38]
Tomb of Alyattes, [194]
— of Samson, [186] n
Tomb-stones at Mycenæ, [232]
Tomeang (Malaccan weapon), [14] n
Tools of bronze, Assyrian, [202]
Toothed-edge (of a Sword), [138]
Topographical lists of Thut-mes III., [178]
Tormenta (artillery: Roman), [248]
Tormentum, [19], [20] n
Torques (Gallic ornament), [268]
Tower of Babel, [55]
‘Tower of Ilios’ (Troas), [191]
Toxotes (Archer fish), [7]
Toys in Ancient Egypt, [148]
Trachinus vipera (sting-fish or adder-pike), [11]
Training for warfare, Roman, [239], [249]
Transparent glass, Assyrian, [202]
Transplanting full-grown trees (Ancient Egypt), [148]
‘Treasury of Priam’ (Troas), [192]
Treble-grooved claymore, [132]
‘Tree-planting’ (= vivi-interment: Assyrian), [203]
Trenchant or cutting weapons (origin of), [12], [13]
Τρία κάππα κάκιστα, [97] n
Trialamellum, [135]
Triangular small-Sword, [135] n
Triarii (Roman soldiers), [245] n
Tribulus, [15] n
Tribute-articles of Yu (Chinese), [112] sq.
Tribute paid in copper, [68]
Tridens (gladiatorial weapon), [253]
Trident-like weapon in Nimrúd’s palace, [105]
Trilingual Behistun Inscription, the, [209] n
Trimarkisia (class of cavalry: Gaul), [269] n
Triodon, [24]
Triumphal Arch of Orange, [268] n
Troas, site of, [190]
Trojan alphabet, [193]
— battle-axes of copper and tin, [82] n
— Sphinx, [190] n
— war, date of, [220]
— weapons, [191]
Trombash (Abyssinian weapon), [36]
Trowel-form blade, [159]
Trowels of copper, [68]
Troy, the age of, [193]
Trumpets of copper, [72], [221]
Truncheons (wooden) with stag-horn inserted, [49]
Truth-telling races, [209] n
Tuba (Etruscan trumpet), [248]
Tubal-Cain (etymology of the name), [182]
Tubicines, [248]
Tuck (rapier), [32], [123], [279]
Tuisco or Tyr (regent of Tuesday), [270] n
Tumuli, finds in, [271]
‘Turanian’ blade, [140]
Turanian (Chinese) element in Babylonia, [200]
— language, [146]
Turkish flag (seven-rayed star on), [147] n
— scymitar, [139], [161], [166]
Turquoise, [62]
‘Tuscan’ border (architectural ornament), [202]
Tutenag (zinc from India), [84] n
Tutiya (oxide of zinc), [86]
Twastu, [1] n
Tweezers of copper and stone, [67]
Twelve Tables, the, [244]
Two-bladed Sword, [141]
Two-edged axe (at Schliemann’s Troy), [82]
— bronze Swords at Mycenæ, [230] sq.
— German Sword, [271]
— knives (pokwé), [170]
— Roman stilettos, [257]
— Spanish Swords, [265]
— Sword-dagger, [184]
Two-handed espadon (mediæval), [161], [166]
— Swords, [67], [138]
Two-headed eagle (Moslem heraldry), [176] n
‘Two-river’-land (Naharayn: Mesopotamia), [172]
Two-wheeled war-cars, [277] n
Typhon (in Egyptian religion), [149]
Tyr or Tuisco (regent of Tuesday), [270] n
Πρᾶγμα (? corruption of onager), [20] n
Ὕδωρ, [1] n
Uma or Umha (copper: Keltic), [65]
Umbrella, King Koffee’s, [168] n
Umbria, coins cast in, [264] sq.
Unicorn (on the Royal Arms), [11] n
Unyoro dagger-Sword, [166]
Urim and Thummim (whence derived), [149]
Ursus spelæus (remains of), [24]
Uruckh (= ‘pater Orchamus’), [199] n
‘Usem’-metal, [87]
Uses of the Sword, [128]
Utensils of bronze, Assyrian, [202]
— in sepulchres at Mycenæ, [234]
Vagina (Sword-sheath: Roman), [256]
‘Valai Tadi’ (Madura throwing-stick), [38]
Valley of Caves (Wady Magharah), the most ancient mines in the world, [60]
Vandals, Scandinavian, [274]
Various forms of Swords found at Hallstadt, [262] sq.
— names for Aphrodite, [187] n
— names for the Sword, [123]
Vases of copper and of stone, [68]
Velati (Roman soldiers), [245] n
Velites (Roman soldiers), [245]
Venetian weapons at Famagosta, [190]
Venus (of alchemy: = ♀), [57]
Verdigris from a spear (Achilles’), [60]
Vericulum (Roman javelin), [246] n
Verutum (Roman javelin), [246] n
Vexillarii (Roman soldiers), [249]
Vexillum (Ancient Roman standard), [246] n
Viaticum (provisions for the dead), [234]
Virtue of the Ancient Gauls, [269]
Visigoths, weapons of the, [272] n
Vitriol (blue), [60]
‘Vivisection,’ [225]
Volcanic mud, [118]
Voulge, [95]
Waddy clubs (Australian), [38]
Wady Magharah (Valley of Caves), the most ancient mines in the world, [60]
Waggons, military, as a ‘lager’ (Gallic), [269]
Wágh-nakh (Hindú weapon), [8]
Wait-a-bit (Acacia detinens), [6]
Wall-cramps, in Nimrúd’s palace, [105]
Walrus (how killed by polar bears), [3];
its method of attack, [9];
its tooth as a spear-point, [24]
Wandering race of metal-workers, [275]
Wánshi stone-throwers, [16]
War-axes, [66], [154]
War-clubs, [24], [32], [154]
War-deities of Ancient Egypt, [152]
Warfare (primitive), [4] sq.
War-flails, [20] n, [154]
War-hatchets (English), [91]
Warlike character of Ancient Britons, [279]
‘War-lions of the king’ (Ramses II.), [3] n
Warmen (Germani), [270]
War-prisoners, treatment of, by Greeks and by Romans, [241], [249]
War-quoit, [39]
War-scythe, [95]
Wasa or Wassaw (Sword), [168]
Wattle and dab (huts of), [63]
Wave-edged dagger, [137]
Wave-pattern (architectural ornament), [202]
‘Wayland Smith,’ the legend of, [121]
Weapons—
in the Laws of the Visigoths, [272]
in sepulchres at Mycenæ, [234]
of Ancient Rome, [245] sqq.
of Animals and Savages, [6]
of bronze, Assyrian, [202]
of gold, as royal presents, [212]
of the Alemanni (Germani), [270]
of the Ancient Egyptian soldiers, [152] n
of the Ancient Hindús, [214] sq.
of the Ancient Irish, [279]
of the Ancient Picts, [279]
of the Ancient Scots, [279]
of the Ancient Welsh, [279]
of the Arabians, [185]
of the Assyrians, [203]
of the Carthaginians, [181]
of the Cherusci, [271]
of the Cimbri, [273]
of the East Indians, [185]
of the Fenni (Finns), [274]
of the Gauls, [266], [269]
of the Goths, [274]
of the Lemovii (Pomerania), [274]
of the Philistines, [185]
of the Phœnicians, [179] sq.
of the Rugii (Baltic), [274]
of the Samnites, [253]
of the Saxones, [271]
of the Suardones, [271]
of the Syrians, [179]
of the Thracians, [253]
of the Vandals, [274]
of the warriors of Mycenæ, [234] sq.
St. Michael’s weapon, [237]
Weapon-making, [1]
Weapon-symbol of Merodach, [183]
Weapon-throwing in Homer, [222]
Wedge-form tactical formation (Ancient German), [273]
Welsen (Siluri), [29]
‘Welsh of the Horn,’ [78]
West and East, Egyptian, [191] n
Whale (its method of attack), [7]
Wheel-drill and emery for alt-reliefs, [81]
Wheeled tower, Assyrian, [203]
‘White copper’ (South African name for gold), [62]
‘White lead’ (of Pliny), [78], [79] n
Whorl, combined forms of the, [233]
Wigs (of the Nilotes), [158] n
Winged bulls, Assyrian, [201] n
— Celts (or palstave), [71]
— circle, the, as an architectural ornament, [201]
— sphinxes in Cyprus, [189] n
Wing-wader of Australia (carries weapons in its wings), [9]
Women instructed in the use of the Sword, &c. (Hindú), [215]
Women’s dress-pins of copper, [67]
Wood, Age of, [31]
Wooden blades with metal edges, [51]
— clubs spiked with iron, [105]
— handles to bronze hatchets, [154]
— sabres, [44];
chopper, ib.;
knife, ib.;
rapier-blade, [45]
— Sword of Egypt, [39]
— Sword-sheaths (Mycenæ), [228]
— weapons with meteoric-iron chips, [51]
Wootz or Wutz (‘natural Indian steel’), [110], [111]
Word-compounding languages (Iranian), [146]
Word-developing languages (Arabian), [146]
Worked flints, [45] n
— hæmatite, [116]
Worship offered to weapons, [162] n
Writing on leaden plates, [225] n
— on linen cloths, [225] n
Wrought iron in the ‘Odyssey,’ [224]
Xerxes’ army, Cypriote contingent in, [188]
— army of, [210]
Xiphias (Sword-fish), [11]
Xiphos, Xiphidion (= Sword, in Homer), [222], [230]
Xiphos-Gladius, [256]
Xiphos, Spanish, [268]
Ξυήλαι (Lacedæmonian weapons), [237]
Ξυστοφόροι, [237]
Yahveh (Jehovah), its etymology and mystic meaning, [149] n
Yantramukta (class of weapons: Hindú), [214]
Yataghan-bayonet, [134] n, [164]
Yataghan (weapon), [123], [134], [163], [166], [265]
‘Yellow copper’ opposed to ‘native brass’ (English), [56]
Yellow frankincense, [85] n
Ynka mines of iron, [116]
Ynkas, ‘Royal Commentaries of’ the, [67]
Yucatan (origin of the word), [65] n
Yunan (= Ionia), [209]
Zanzibar Swords, [166]
Zarabatana, [14] n
Zebra (its kick), [7]
Zeno, the Stoic, in Cyprus, [187]
Zeus-Jovi (= Jupiter), [183]
Zeus Kasios, [1] n
Zinc, [57];
alloy with copper, [84];
derivation of the word, [84] n
Zinciferous ore imported from the East, [84]
Zio (Saxnot: German Sword-god), [273]
Zodiac, Denderah, [155] n
Ζωστήρ (meaning of the word), [239]
Zú’l-Fikár (Mohammed’s Sword), [141]