DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATE.

1. Small funnel-shaped tube for testing minute portions of liquids.

2. Apparatus for the distillation of fluids suspected to contain acids, one-seventh the natural size.

3. Tube for reducing very small portions of arsenic or mercury. The figure is of half the natural size. The ball may be blown larger, if the material to be reduced is bulky.

4. A small glass funnel for introducing the material into the tube Fig. 1, without soiling its inside.

5. The ordinary apparatus for disengaging sulphuretted-hydrogen. The funnel must be a little longer than the emerging tube. The fluid should not be at any time much higher than in the figure, in order to secure the operator against its effervescing up into the emerging tube. The figure is a fourth of the natural size.

6. Instrument for washing down scanty precipitates on filters. It is a thin bottle capable of standing heat—half-filled with water, which may be boiled on occasion,—and having its cork pierced with a small tube drawn at its outer end to a very fine bore. The breath is impelled into the bottle, and, the bottle being then reversed, a very fine stream issues with great force.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

7. Tubes of natural size for collecting small portions of mercury by the process, p. [300].

8. Pipette, one-fourth the natural size, for removing by suction fluids lying over precipitates. Some have a rectangular bend in the upper part, by means of which the operator sees better the point of the instrument when in action; but such pipettes are difficult to clean. That represented in the figure is easily cleaned with a feather.

9. Apparatus for reducing the sulphurets of some metals by a stream of hydrogen. A, the vessel with zinc and diluted sulphuric acid, the latter of which may be renewed by the funnel B. C, a ball on the emerging tube to prevent the liquid thrown up by the effervescence from passing forward. D, E, corks by which C and G are fitted into F, the tube which contains the sulphuret at F. G, the exit-tube for the sulphuretted-hydrogen, plying into a vessel containing acetate of lead. When the hydrogen has passed long enough to expel all the air, the spirit-lamp flame is applied at F; and when sulphuretted-hydrogen is formed, the lead solution is blackened. The figure is one-third the size of the apparatus.

For Description of Figures 10 and 11, see p. [212].

Fig. 7.

Fig. 8.

Fig. 9.

Fig. 10.

Fig. 11.

[1]. Orfila and Ollivier, Archives Générales de Médecine, x. 360.

[2]. Philosophical Transactions, 1811, 186.

[3]. Experiments on Opium, 1795, reprinted in his Treatise on Fevers, iv. 697.

[4]. Essay on the Operation of poisonous agents on the living body, 1829, p. 63.

[5]. Edin. Phys. and Lit. Essays, iii. 311.

[6]. Researches sur l’Acide Hydrocyanique, 1819, p. 179.

[7]. Experimental Inquiry on poisoning with oxalic acid. By Dr. Coindet and myself.—Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. passim.

[8]. Philosophical Transactions, 1811, p. 184.

[9]. Annales de Chimie et de Physique, vi. 349.

[10]. Report of the Trial of Freeman for the murder of Judith Buswell, London Medical Gazette, viii. 796–8.

[11]. See subsequently the chapter on Hydrocyanic acid.

[12]. Taylor’s Medical Jurisprudence, p. 18.

[13]. Annales de Chim. et de Phys. xxvi. 54.

[14]. Philosophical Transactions, 1811, p. 182.

[15]. Trans. Royal Soc. of Edinburgh, xiii. 393.

[16]. Zeitschrift für die Physiologie, iii. i. 81.

[17]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, liii. 35, and lvi. 412.

[18]. Archiv. für Anatomie und Physiologie, iv. 192.

[19]. Ed. Med. and Surg. Journ. liii. 46.

[20]. Ed. Med. and Surg. Journ. xix. 335.

[21]. Bull. de l’Acad. Roy. de Méd. iii. 426, et passim.

[22]. Edin. Phys. and Lit. Essays, iii. 334.

[23]. Philosophical Transactions, 1811, 198; and Archiv. für Anatomie und Physiologie, iv. 192.

[24]. Sur le Mechanisme de l’Absorption, 1809; republished, in Journ. de Physiol. i. 26.

[25]. Recherches sur l’Acide Hydrocyanique, 180.

[26]. Revue Médicale, 1827, i. 515.

[27]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 173.

[28]. Diss. Inaug. de Venenatis acidi Borussici effectibus. Tubingæ, 1805.

[29]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, liii. 45.

[30]. Journal des Progrès des Sciences Méd. 1827, iii. 121.

[31]. Essay on the Operation of Poisonous Agents on the Living Body.

[32]. Essay, &c. pp. 75, 76.

[33]. Essay, &c. pp. 69, 71.

[34]. Ibidem, pp. 81, 87.

[35]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, liii. 35.

[36]. Ed. Med. and Surg. Journal, lvi. 412.

[37]. Philosophical Transactions, 1841, p. 186. When death begins with any other organ but the heart, the heart remains irritable for some time after, and contains black blood in all its cavities.

[38]. Ib. p. 196.

[39]. Diss. Inaug. de Venenis Mineralibus. Edinburgi, 1813.

[40]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. passim.

[41]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 330; liv. 339; lvi. 104. The Hæmadynamometer is an instrument invented by M. Poiseulle, which, when communicating with the interior of a blood-vessel, indicates the force of the circulation by the pressure of the blood on a column of mercury.

[42]. Mémoire sur l’Emétique—Bulletins de la Société Philomatique, 1812–13, p. 361.

[43]. Orfila, Toxicologie Générale, i. 258.

[44]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, lvi. 104, and other papers there quoted above.

[45]. Ibid. liv. 121.

[46]. Ibid. li. 344.

[47]. Emmert, Archiv. für Anatomie und Physiologie, i. l. 180. See also the Article False Angustura.

[48]. Transactions of the Roy. Soc. of Edinburgh, xiii.

[49]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 330, liv. 339, lvi. 104.

[50]. Archives Gén. de Med. Nov. 1839, and Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, lvi. 106.

[51]. Ibidem, lvi. 123 and 422.

[52]. Ibid. xix. 326, 327.

[53]. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 278.

[54]. London Med. Gazette, xiv. 63.

[55]. Recherches sur l’Acide Hydrocyanique, 140.

[56]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 330.

[57]. Journal de Physiologie, iv. 285.

[58]. Giornale di Fisica, ix. 458.

[59]. These views regarding the decomposition of poisons, were suggested to me in 1823 by my friend Dr. Coindet, Junior, of Geneva.

[60]. It is not any part of the object of this work to enter into the history of toxicology, more especially in early times. But it may be well here to state, that the claim which has been made by some for Dr. Barry, of having discovered this mode of treatment, is groundless. It is distinctly laid down by Nicander, Celsus, Dioscarides, Galen, and others who lived in their times; and among the moderns who have mentioned it, Gräter, in 1767, notices it in his thesis, “de venenis in genere,” printed at Frankfort. On the ancient history of toxicology the reader will find an excellent summary by Mr. Adams in the Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxxiii. 315, and a full exposition in Professor Marx’s elaborate work, “die Lehre von den Giften.”

[61]. Archives Générales de Médecine, Nov. 1826.

[62]. Journal des Progrès des Sciences Médicales, 1827, iii. 121.

[63]. See the Chapter on Arsenic for some remarks on this subject.—Also Beckman’s History of Inventions.

[64]. See subsequently the cases of the Crown Prince of Sweden, in the first section of the present chapter, and that of General Hoche, Part II. Chap. ii. Sect. 2.

[65]. I allude to the case of Castaing. See Opium.

[66]. Feuerbach. Actenmässige Darstellung Merkwürdiger Verbrechen, i. 1. For some observations on the three fatal cases, see the Chapter on Arsenic, under the head of the effects of that poison as an antiseptic.

[67]. See an opinion of the Berlin College in Pyl’s Repertorium für die gerichtliche Arzneikunde, i. 244.

[68].

[69]. Hume on Crimes, i. 178.

[70]. Howell’s State Trials, xviii. 1135.

[71]. Hünefeld in Horn’s Archiv, 1827, i. 203.

[72]. Weiss in Revue Médicale, Janv. 1826.

[73]. See subsequently the Chapter on Arsenic, Section ii.

[74]. Archives Générales de Médecine, i. 17; also Abercrombie on Diseases of the Stomach, &c. 273.

[75]. See Oxalic Acid and Nux Vomica.

[76]. Rossi. Ueber die Art und Ursache des Todes des hochseligen Kronprinzen von Schweden. Berlin, 1812.

[77]. Edinburgh Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, ii. 309.

[78]. Alberti, Systema Jurispr. Medic, i. c. 13. § 4.

[79]. See Arsenic—Morbid appearances.

[80]. Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xiv. 104.

[81]. Journal de Médecine, xxix. 107.

[82]. Aufsätze und Beobachtungen aus der gerichtlichen Arzneiwissenschaft, v. 103.

[83]. Wildberg. Praktisches Handbuch für Physiker, iii. 227.

[84]. Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, &c. ii. 122.

[85]. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xviii. 171.

[86]. London Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, ii. 158.

[87]. Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1834, p. 754.

[88]. Edinburgh Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, ii. 303.

[89]. New York Medical and Philosophical Journal, iii. No. 1.

[90]. De Veneficio caute dijudicando in Schlegel’s Collectio opusculorum, &c. iv. 22.

[91]. Edinburgh Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, ii. 291, Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxvii. 457, and xxix. 26.

[92]. Archives Générales de Médecine, ii. 58.

[93]. Materialien für die Staatsarzneikunde, 130.

[94]. Ueber die gerichtlich-medizinische Beurtheilung der Vergiftungen. Kopp’s Jahrbuch, vii. 159.

[95]. Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, iii. 24.

[96]. Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, viii. 92.

[97]. Morning Chronicle, Jan. 8, 1823.

[98]. Journal Universel des Sciences Médicales, xix. 340.

[99]. Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1823, i. 451.

[100]. Bachmann. Einige auserlesene gerichtlich-medizinische Abhandlungen, von Schmitt, Bachmann, &c. p. 21.

[101]. Revue Médicale, 1828, ii. 469.

[102]. Orfila, in Journ. de Chim. Med. 1842, p. 77.

[103]. Probably black extravasation.

[104]. Marx, die Lehre von den Giften, i. ii. 429, from Hitzig’s Zeitschrift für die Criminal-Rechts-Pflege, I. i. 1.

[105]. Charret, in Revue Médicale, 1827, i. 514.

[106]. As a specimen of the vague, desultory, and erroneous nature of the investigations which have been made by authors on this subject, I may quote some remarks published by Virey in the Journal Universel (vi. 26), and drawn, he says, from a comparison of statements in various works. He states that arsenic, which is so fatal to animals in general, merely purges dogs and wolves more or less; that nux vomica is less fatal to man than to dogs; that pepper is fatal to hogs, parsley to parrots, the agrostis arundinacea to goats, elder-berries to poultry, chenopodium vulvaria to swine; that on the contrary the goat eats with impunity hemlock, daphne gnidium, and some species of euphorbia; that the camel eats all species of euphorbia, the hedgehog cantharides, the horse monkshood, ranunculus flammula, and buckthorn; asses and mules white hellebore, swine yew-berries; all which are poisonous to animals in general. He does not state special authorities for these facts; but they are taken from authors not of the most modern times, and must be received, in my opinion, with great reserve, notwithstanding the respect which he claims for the older writers. Some of the statements are plainly false.

In a more recent paper Virey lays it down as a general principle, that poisons from the inorganic kingdom act more or less on the whole animated creation, but that vegetable and animal poisons are such only in respect to particular animals; that carnivorous animals are more sensible to the action of vegetable poisons, but less so to that of animal poisons, than herbivorous or graminivorous animals; and that the activity of poisons on different animals bears a ratio in the first place to their relative sensibility, and secondly, to the digestive power of their stomach. I question whether these views will be generally admitted by toxicologists, without much more extensive and more careful inquiries than any hitherto made. [Journ. de Chim. Méd. vii. 214.]

Another singular illustration of the facility with which facts are admitted in proof of the varying effects of poisons on different animals, is a statement by a German naturalist, Dr. Lenz, to the effect that the hedgehog altogether resists the most powerful poisons. He states that he has seen one receive ten or twelve wounds from a viper on the ears, muzzle, and tongue, without sustaining any harm; and that ultimately it kills and devours the snake. He quotes Palias for the fact that it has taken 100 cantharides flies without injury, and says a medical friend who wished to dissect a hedgehog, gave it successively hydrocyanic acid, arsenic, opium, and corrosive sublimate, without being able to kill it [L’Institut. ii. 84]. His countryman Reich, however, contradicts these statements, observing that he has poisoned the hedgehog with hydrocyanic acid, arsenic, and corrosive sublimate, but that doses considerably larger are required for a dog or cat. Ninety grains of medicinal hydrocyanic acid, thirty of arsenic, and twenty of corrosive sublimate, occasioned death. [Annalen der Pharmacie, i. 358.] One of my colleagues having lately quoted Lenz’s assertion in his lectures, some of his pupils brought me two hedgehogs to be subjected to experiment. A drop of the pure acid put upon the tongue killed each within a minute.

The following experiments by Professor Gohier of the veterinary school of Lyons are worth mentioning; but in order to be satisfactory would require to be performed in a more consecutive train. Muriate of soda in the dose of two or three pounds causes in the horse great disorder and even death. Calomel has no effect. The juice of rhus toxicodendron has no effect on the solipedes either internally or applied to the skin. Ten drachms of opium cause in the horse tympanitis and stupor, not somnolency. Thirty-six grains of opium had no effect on a dog. Cantharides does not injure the horse in the dose of a drachm, or the dog in that of nine grains. When the sheep swallows yew-leaves it is soon seized with locked-jaw and convulsive movements of the lips and flanks: in the horse they cause dilated pupil, convulsive movements of the eyes, and restlessness: the goat and dog eat them with impunity [Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, xix. 156]: man is severely affected by them. Hyoscyamus, stramonium, hemlock, and other narcotic vegetables, though powerfully narcotic to man, will not affect the domestic animals unless given in doses 100 times as great as those given to man. [Ibid. 154.]

The most important researches I have yet seen in this line of inquiry are those of Professor Viborg of Copenhagen, read in the Royal Danish Society of Sciences in 1792. He instituted a connected series of experiments, expressly to determine how far the effects of poisons on man correspond with those on the lower animals. The results were, that mineral poisons appeared to act nearly in the same manner on all orders of animals, antimonial and barytic salts alone excepted, the former of which acted powerfully on man, the carnivorous animals, and swine, but scarcely at all on ruminating and herbivorous animals, while the latter in doses of a drachm had no effect on horses: That animal poisons resemble mineral poisons in their leading effects on most animals: That the vegetable acrids also act pretty uniformly on most animals: and that of the vegetable narcotics there are few which possess poisonous properties in regard to certain animals only. Yew-leaves kill all ruminating animals, and, notwithstanding Virey’s statement, swine, mules, and horses, also chickens; and they produce violent symptoms in geese, ducks, cats and dogs, although Gohier says dogs eat them with impunity. An ape ate a large quantity of the Æthusa cynapium without injury. Dogs took from an ounce and a half to three ounces of belladonna without dangerous symptoms. [Marx, die Lehre von den Giften,—from Viborg’s Sammlung von Abhandlungen für Thierärzte, i. 277.]

Professor Mayer of Bonn, in an inquiry into the effects of the Coriaria myrtifolia, found that rabbits are not affected at all by a drachm of the extract of the juice given internally, or applied to a wound; while half a drachm swallowed by a cat kills it in a few hours, and three grains will have the same effect when introduced into a wound. He likewise found that it is a deadly poison to the dog, the hawk, and the frog. [Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, lxviii. 4, 43.]

Professor Giacomini of Padua says, that “in many experiments performed by him on dogs and rabbits, he has constantly observed, that the former, as being carnivorous by nature, sustain stimulating substances tolerably well; while rabbits, being herbivorous, stand stimulants ill, but sedatives well.” “Hence many herbivorous animals eat with impunity large quantities of vegetable poisons of the sedative kind which prove fatal to carnivorous animals.” [Annali Univ. di Med. 1841, i. 372.] This may be true as a general rule. But it is not universally applicable; for alcoholic fluids kill dogs with great swiftness in no great dose.

An extraordinary statement was lately brought before the French Institute, to the effect that 120 sheep, affected with an epidemic pleurisy, got each about 500 grains of arsenic without sustaining the slightest harm; and that it was also ascertained to have no poisonous action upon sheep even in a state of health. A commission of the Institute, however, which was appointed to test this assertion, found that healthy sheep were killed by a dose of 155 grains, if they had fasted for some time before [Annales d’Hyg. Publ. &c. 1843, xxix. 468.] It is reasonable to suppose, that ruminating animals, whose alimentary canal is scarcely ever empty should suffer less than carnivorous animals from such poisons as arsenic.

Lassaigne, in some experiments with arsenic, incidentally remarked, that 246 grains of solid arsenic given daily for four days had no effect whatever on a horse; but that this result seemed to depend on the difficulty which the stomach must experience in appropriating it among the bulky materials of its food; for 154 grains in solution killed the same animal in six hours [Journ. de Chim. Méd. 1841, 82].—Gianelli of Lucca found that a horse was killed in eight hours by 185 grains of powder of arsenic given in the form of bolus [Annales d’Hyg. Publ. &c. 1842, xxviii. 88].

I might easily extend these extracts. But the result would be merely a mass of contradiction, from which no sound conclusion could be drawn, otherwise the subject would have been discussed in the text.

[107]. Pyl’s Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 29.

[108]. Celebrated Trials, vi. 55.

[109]. Toxicologie Générale, ii. 676.

[110]. Journal des Progrès des Sciences Médicales, 1827, iv. 124. See subsequently the articles Oxalic Acid and Narcotine.

[111]. Journal de Chimie Méd. vii. 131.

[112]. Journal de Physiologie, ii. 1, and iii. 81.

[113]. Ibidem, iii. 84.

[114]. De Sedibus et Causis Morborum, T. ii. Ep. lix. 18.

[115]. Knape und Hecker’s Kritische Jahrbücher der Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 100.

[116]. L’Examinateur Médical, 1 Juin, 1842, from Bulletino delle Scien. Med. Jan. 1842.

[117]. Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. 1842, xxviii. 84.

[118]. Ibid. 1843, xxix. 471.

[119]. Trial.—This is a good illustration. Nevertheless, it will be seen under the head of morbid appearances caused by the irritant class of poisons, that Dr. Bostock’s experiments, though conclusive as to the statement in the text, did not affect the real questions in the case.

[120]. See trial of Freeman—article Hydrocyanic Acid.

[121]. I have unfortunately mislaid the reference to this interesting fact, which was taken, I think, from a French periodical. In this country arsenic is never employed for the purpose mentioned in the text.

[122]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxiii. 67.

[123]. Archives Générales de Médecine, xxi. 364.

[124]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, vi. 149.

[125]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxix. 23.

[126]. Ibid., xxvii. 441. On considering, however, this and other instances of the kind which have since come under my notice, I suspect the case is rendered intelligible by the effect of sleep in suspending or delaying for a time the action of arsenic and other simply irritating poisons. See above—evidence from symptoms beginning soon after a meal, p. 46.—also article Arsenic.

[127]. Howell’s State Trials, xviii.

[128]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxv. 298.

[129]. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxii. 438.

[130]. For a very striking example of the latter description see Hufeland’s Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, xii. i. 110. Fourteen people were seized about the same time in a charity workhouse.

[131]. Having mislaid the copy I possessed of this trial, I am unable to give here the reference.

[132]. De Sedibus et Causis Morborum, T. ii. Ep. lix. 7.

[133]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxiii. 67.

[134]. Howell’s State Trials, xviii.

[135]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvii. 441. The reader will remember that what was considered defective in the proof in this trial, the connection between the administration of a suspicious article and the first invasion of the symptoms, would now appear less so, for the reason assigned in note [[126]] p. [77].

[136]. Sur l’Empoisonnement par l’acide nitrique, p. 243.

[137]. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxix. 19.

[138]. MM. Chevallier et Boys de Loury, in Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et Méd. Lég. xivv. 400.

[139]. MM. Lecanu and Chevallier in Annales d’Hyg. Publ. 1840, xxiv. 282.

[140]. London Medical Gazette, 1839–40, i. 575.

[141]. Dictionnaire des Sciences Médicales, Art. Indigestion, xxiv. p. 374.

[142]. Praktisches Handbuch für Physiker, iii. 292.

[143]. See also Dictionnaire des Sciences Médicales, Art. Rupture, xlix. 225.

[144]. Médicina Légale, ii. 22.

[145]. Archives Générales de Médecine, xx. 433.

[146]. Mr. Weekes, in London Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, xiv. 447.

[147]. London Medical and Physical Journal, June, 1831, vol. lxvi.

[148]. London Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, v. 93.

[149]. London Medical Repository, xvii. 108.

[150]. Bulletins des Sciences Médicales, x. 64.

[151]. Journal des Progrès des Sciences Médicales, xiv.

[152]. For an instance, see Bulletins des Sciences Médicales, ix. 249.

[153]. Aufsätze und Beobachtungen aus der gerichtlichen Arzneiwissenschaft, v. 89.

[154]. Med. Rep. on the Effects of Cold Water, 1798, p. 96.

[155]. New York Medical Register.

[156]. Ann. d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. xxvii. 57.

[157]. Abercrombie on Diseases of the Stomach, &c. 14.

[158]. Ann. d’Hyg. Publ. xxvii. 60.

[159]. Bulletins des Sciences Médicales, vi. 34.

[160]. De cauta et circumspecta veneni dati accusatione, § 12.

[161]. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxviii. 88.

[162]. Ibid. xxix. 70.

[163]. London Medical Gazette, viii. 496.

[164]. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxviii. 99.

[165]. Trial of Donnal.—See Paris and Fonblanque’s Medical Jurisprudence, iii. Appendix, 277, et seq.

[166]. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxviii. 87.

[167]. On Diseases of the Stomach and other Abdominal Viscera, p. 15.

[168]. Recherches sur la Gastro-entérite, ii. 51.

[169]. Laisné sur les Perforations Spontanées, p. 206, from Recueil des observations des Hopitaux Militaires, i. 375.—This case is also given by MM. Petit and Serres in their treatise entitled “de la Fièvre Entéro-Mésenterique,” p. 197, and is considered by them an instance of that particular disease.

[170]. Trans. of Provinc. Med. and Surg. Association, vol. i.

[171]. Louis in Archives Générales de Médecine, i. 17, or Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxi. 239, also Abercrombie on Diseases of the Stomach, &c. 273, and Louis Recherches sur la Gastro-entérite, passim.

[172]. Abercrombie on Diseases of the Stomach, &c. pp. 156 and 243.

[173]. Abercrombie on Diseases of the Stomach, &c., p. 52.

[174]. For cases of this disease, see Abercrombie on Diseases of the Stomach, &c., p. 156 and 181.

[175]. Considérations Medico-légales sur les perforations spontanées de l’estomac, 1819. This thesis, published with three others on medico-legal subjects, is understood to have been in a great measure the work of the late Professor Chaussier.

[176]. Trans. of the Dublin College of Physicians, i. 2, and London Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, viii. 228.

[177]. Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1839, iv. 20.

[178]. Abercrombie on Diseases of the Stomach, 41.

[179]. London Medico-Chirurg. Transactions, viii. 233.

[180]. Archives Générales de Médecine, xxvi. 123.

[181]. On Diseases of the Stomach, pp. 35, 37.

[182]. Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1839, iv. 16.

[183]. Guy’s Hosp. Rep. 1839, 52.

[184]. Edinb. Med-Chirurgical Transactions, i. 311.

[185]. Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxi. 199. This paper is analysed in Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvi. 451.

[186]. Philosophical Transactions, lxii. 447.

[187]. Gastellier in Leroux’s Journal de Médecine, xxxiii. 24.

[188]. Archives Générales de Médecine, xi. 463.

[189]. Mr. Kell in London Medical Gazette, ii. 649.

[190]. Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xviii. 107.

[191]. Revue Médicale, 1826, i. 100.

[192]. Jahrbuch des Oesterreiches Staates, xxii. 54, or Arch. Gén. de Méd. xlvi. 480.

[193]. Journal de Médecine, xxxiv. 25.

[194]. Affaire Hullin. Archives Générales de Médecine, xix. 332.

[195]. London Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, iv. 371.

[196]. Archives Générales de Médecine, Oct. and Nov. 1826; also Edin. Medical and Surgical Journal, xxviii. 149.

[197]. De la Membranes Muqueuse Gastro-intestinale, 1825.

[198]. Ibid. p. 220.

[199]. For a case of this rare and singular disease, see Edin. Medical and Surgical Journal, xxvi. 214.

[200]. Kopp’s Jahrbuch der Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 169.

[201]. Journal de Médecine, vii. 333. Also Foderé, Traité de Médecine-Légale, iv. 282.

[202]. Nouvelle Bibliothèque Médicale, 1828, iii. 141.

[203]. Philos. Trans. lxii. 450.

[204]. See Analysis of his Essay by Dr. Gumprecht, Lond. Med. Repos. x. 416.

[205]. Laisné, Sur les Perforations Spontanées, 149.

[206]. The last cases were observed by Hunter. See Philos. Transactions, lxii. 452.

[207]. Fisica Animale e Vegetabile. Dissertazione quinta, § ccxxiii.-ccxxxi. T. ii. 86–89, Edit. Venezia, 1782.

[208]. De Alimentorum Concoctione. Diss. Inaug. Edinburgh 1777.

[209]. Experiments on Digestion. Appendix to Spallanzani’s Dissertations relative to the Natural History of Animals and Vegetables. London Edition, 1784, i. 317.

[210]. Expériences sur la Digestion dans l’homme. Paris, 1814, pp. 20, et seq.

[211]. Die Verdauung nach Versuchen, &c. Heidelberg, 1825, or the French Edition, Recherches Expérimentales Physiologiques et Chimiques sur la Digestion, 1826, passim.

[212]. Inquiry into the Chemical Solution of the stomach after death. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxiv. 282.

[213]. Medizinisch-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1828, ii. 57, 77, 93, and 107.

[214]. Edinb. Med. and Surg. Journal, vi. 135.

[215]. Journal Complémentaire du Dict. des Scien. Med. xxxvii. 194.

[216]. Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1823, i. 45.

[217]. Trial of Angus for the murder of Margaret Burns, 1808.

[218]. Laisné sur les Perforations de l’Estomac, p. 190, and Bìllìard, Considérations sur l’Empoisonnement par les Irritans, passim.

[219]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, vi. 137.

[220]. London Medical Gazette, ii. 619.

[221]. Laisné. &c. p. 564.

[222]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxii. 38.

[223]. London Med. Gazette, xiv. 30.

[224]. Traité de l’Empoisonnement par l’acide Nitrique, 1802, p. 87.

[225]. Novellæ Medico-legales, Cas. xxix. p. 211.

[226]. Bulletins ties Sciences Médicales, Janvier, 1830.

[227]. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxxv. 298.

[228]. Burnett on Criminal Law, 544. Note.

[229]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxvi. 102.

[230]. Ibidem, xxii. 222.

[231]. Report of the Committee of the House of Commons on the Combination Laws, June, 1825, pp. 323–328. Evidence of Mr. Campbell and Mr. Robinson.

[232]. Cases and Observations in Medical Jurisprudence, Case iii. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxi. 229.

[233]. London Med. Gazette, 1839–40, i. 944.

[234]. A Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 1844, p. 94.

[235]. Toxicologie Générale, 1843, i.

[236]. Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1823, i. 456.

[237]. Revue Médicale, 1824, ii. 469.

[238]. Toxicologie Gén. 4ème edition, 1843, i. 112.

[239]. Poggendort’s Annalen der Physik und Chemie, xli. 643. Buchner’s Repertorium, 1838, lxiv. 20.

[240]. Buchner’s Repertorium, lxiv. 32.

[241]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, 474.

[242]. Toxicologie Gén. i. 77.

[243]. Ibidem, 78.

[244]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, 266.

[245]. London Medical Gazette, 1841–42, ii. 254.

[246]. Traité de l’Empoisonnement par l’acide nitrique, 1802.

[247]. Lebidois, Arch. Gén. de Med. xiii. 367.

[248]. Martini in Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xviii. 159.

[249]. Correa de Serra in Journal de Chimie Médicale, ii. 209, on the third day.

[250]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxvi. 103.

[251]. Archives Générales de Médecine, xiii. 367.

[252]. Tartra, iii. 87.

[253]. Desgranges, Recueil Périodique de la Société de Médecine, vi. 22. Tulpius, Observationes Medicinales, iii. 43.

[254]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xvii. 362.

[255]. Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, vii. ii. 18.

[256]. Archives Générales, xiii. 367.

[257]. Tartra, p. 160.

[258]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxvi. 102.

[259]. Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, xlix. iii. 60.

[260]. Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, vii. ii. 18.

[261]. Mr. J. B. Thomson in London Med. Gazette, 1841–42, i. 146.

[262]. Martini’s case.

[263]. London Med. Gazette, 1834, xiv. 489.

[264]. Tendering in Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1825, i. 458.

[265]. Journal de Médecine par Corvisart, xix. 263.

[266]. Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxiii. 156.

[267]. Lancet, 1836–37, ii. 835.

[268]. Lancet, 1836–37, i. 195.

[269]. London Medical Gazette, xii. 219.

[270]. Augustin’s Repertorium, i. ii. 15.

[271]. Archives Gén. de Méd., xxi. 372, note.

[272]. Journal Hebdomadaire.

[273]. Tartra, p. 124.

[274]. Dr. Bartley, iv. 289, and Mr. Diamond, v. 110.

[275]. Mr. Bevan, i. 756.

[276]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1835, 426.

[277]. Dublin Journal of Med. and Chem. Science, No. 25.

[278]. Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1823, i. 465.

[279]. Ibid. 452.

[280]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxvi. 101. Lond. Med. Gazette, xii. 221.

[281]. Horn’s Archiv, &c. 453.

[282]. London Medical Gazette, xiv. 489, and 1837–8, ii. 76.

[283]. Louis, ibidem, xiv. 30.

[284]. Philadelphia Journal of Med. and Phys. Sciences, iv. 410.

[285]. London Medical Gazette, viii. 76.

[286]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, liii. 406.

[287]. Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, ii. 122.

[288]. Archives Générales de Médecine, xiii. 368.

[289]. Horn’s Archiv, &c. 1823, i. 456.

[290]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, liii. 401.

[291]. Edin. Med and Surg. Journ. xxii. 222, and xxxvi. 103.

[292]. Kerkringii opera omnia, p. 146.

[293]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, &c. xvii. 362.

[294]. Robert in Nouvelle Bibliothèque Médicale, 1827, iv. 415.

[295]. Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, xxxii. 161.

[296]. Toxicologie Générale, ii. 689.

[297]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxii. 222.

[298]. Ibidem, xxxv. 302.

[299]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, 30.

[300]. Medizinisch-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1824, iv. 276.

[301]. Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, 1837, l. 501.

[302]. Dr. Sinclair. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxvi. 99; and case of Humphrey. Ibidem, xxxv. 301.

[303]. London Medical Gazette, xii. 219. Mr. Arnott’s Case.

[304]. Lancet, 1829–30, ii. 330 and 432.

[305]. Orfila. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, p. 5.

[306]. Peligot. Journal de Pharmacie, 1833, p. 644.

[307]. Barthemot. Journal de Pharmacie, 1841, 560.

[308]. Archives Générales de Médecine, xxi. 365.

[309]. Lancet, 1829–30, ii. 840.

[310]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, &c. xxviii. 200. Also Toxicologie Générale. 1843, i. 142.

[311]. Journal de Chim. Médicale, 1842, 266.

[312]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1842, xxviii. 317.

[313]. Prout, Philosophical Transactions, 1824, p. 45.—Tiedemann and Gmelin, Die Verdauung nach Versuchen, passim.—Children, Annals of Philosophy, 1824, viii. 68.

[314]. Philosophical Transactions, 1824, p. 49.

[315]. London Medical Gazette, 1839–40, i. 285.

[316]. Lancet, 1839–40, i. 899.

[317]. Toxicologie Générale, i. 155.

[318]. Lins in Buchner’s Repertorium, lxviii. 389.

[319]. Toxicologie Générale, i. 56.

[320]. Worbe in Mémoires de la Société Médicale d’Emulation, ix. 507.

[321]. Annales de Chimie, xxvii. 87.

[322]. Worbe, &c. and Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxviii. 228.

[323]. Revue Médicale, 1829, iii. 429.

[324]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxi. 341.

[325]. Diction. de Méd. et de Chir. Pratiques, xii. 707.

[326]. Medizinisch-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1826, iv. 183.

[327]. Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1830, ii. 861.

[328]. Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, xxi. 70.

[329]. Toxicologie Générale, i. 141.

[330]. Dr. O’Shaughnessey, in Lancet, 1829–30, ii. 632.

[331]. Experimental Essay on Iodine, &c. 1837, p. 21.

[332]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, ii. 291.

[333]. Ibid. iv. 388.

[334]. Lancet, 1830–31, vol. i. 613.

[335]. Ibidem, 612.

[336]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxviii. 431.

[337]. Annali Universali di Med. 1833.

[338]. Essay on the Effects of Iodine, 1824, p. 20.

[339]. Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1829, i. 340.

[340]. Dessaigne in Journal de Chim. Médicale, iv. 65.

[341]. Moncourrier, Ibidem, iv. 216.

[342]. Formulaire pour les Nouveaux Médicaments, 1825, p. 161.

[343]. Quoted in Dr. Cogswell’s Experimental Essay, p. 23.

[344]. Quoted in Dr. Cogswell’s Experimental Essay, p. 27.

[345]. Gairdner on the Effects of Iodine, p. 9.

[346]. Journal Complémentaire, xviii. 126.

[347]. Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xvi. 111.

[348]. Gairdner, &c. p. 12.

[349]. Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxii. 291.

[350]. American Journal of Medical Science, viii. 546.

[351]. Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1829, i. 342.

[352]. Johnson’s Preface to his Translation of Coindet on Iodine, p. ix.

[353]. Gairdner, p. 20.

[354]. Coindet on Iodine, p. 17.

[355]. London Medical Gazette, 1839–40, ii. 588.

[356]. Cogswell’s Essay, p. 42.

[357]. Lancet, 1829–30, ii. 635.

[358]. Toxicologie Générale, 1843, i. 74.

[359]. Lancet, 1829–30, ii. 638.

[360]. Archives Générales de Médecine, x. 255.

[361]. Lancet, 1831–32.

[362]. Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 128.

[363]. London Medical Gazette, 1841.

[364]. Ibidem, 1839–40, i. 588.

[365]. This adulteration and its effects have been indicated by various chemists. For the best account, see Chevallier, sur les falsifications qu’on fait subir au sel marin, Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. viii. 250. At one time he found about a third of the salt in Paris thus sophisticated.

[366]. Cours de Médecine-Légale, 1840, iii. 183.

[367]. Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, p. 38.

[368]. Zeitschrift für Physiologie, ii.

[369]. Ibidem.

[370]. Lancet, 1830–31, i. 613.

[371]. Experimental Essay on Iodine, &c. 1837, p. 91.

[372]. De l’Action du Brôme et de ses combinaisons sur l’économie animale. Thèse Inaug. à Paris, 1828.

[373]. Hufeland’s Bibliothek der Praktischen Heilkunde, Sept. 1829; or Archives Gén. de Méd. xxiv. 289.

[374]. Meckel’s Archiv für Anatomie und Physiologie, xiv. 222.

[375]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, lviii. 120.

[376]. Bulletins de Thérapeutique, Février, 1830.

[377]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1837, 227.

[378]. Annales d’Hygiène Publ. et de Méd. Lég. vi. 169.

[379]. Beiträge zur Kentniss der Wirkungen der Arzneimittel und Gifte. Horn’s Archiv. 1824, i. 59.

[380]. Medizinische Zeitung, 1828, ii. 256.

[381]. Ann. d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. vi. 160.

[382]. Beiträge, &c. Horn’s Archiv, 1824, i. 56.

[383]. Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, xxiv. 215.

[384]. Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. vi. 159.

[385]. See Trousseau and Blanc, Arch. Gén. de Méd. Sept. 1830.

[386]. London Courier, September 22, 1827.

[387]. Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 116.

[388]. London Medical Repository, i. 382.

[389]. Lond. Med. Rep. iii. 382.

[390]. Dissertatio Inauguralis de Acidi Oxalici vi venenata, Edin. 1821.

[391]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 163.

[392]. Medizinisch-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1828, ii. 203, et seq.

[393]. Lancet, 1830–31, i. 96.

[394]. Mr. A. Taylor. Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, p. 120.

[395]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 168.

[396]. Mr. Davies in Lancet, 1838–39, i. 30.

[397]. Lancet, 1830–31, i. 187.

[398]. Toxicologie Gén. 1843, i. 190.

[399]. Bulletins de Pharmacie, vi. 87.

[400]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 166.

[401]. Ibid. 169.

[402]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. passim.

[403]. Medizinisch-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1828, ii. 203, 219, 235, 254.

[404]. Toxicologie Gén., 1843, i. 187.

[405]. London Courier, Feb. 1, 1823.

[406]. St. James’s Chronicle, August 17, 1826.

[407]. London Medical Repository, xxii. 476.

[408]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xiv. 606.

[409]. London Medical Gazette, 1842–43, i. 490.

[410]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 187.

[411]. London. Med. Gaz. i. 737.

[412]. Dr. Scott, in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxiv. 67.

[413]. London Medical Gazette, 1842–43, i. 490. The quantity could scarcely have been two ounces, 1, because a penny-worth, which was what the person bought, amounts only to two drachms, and 2, because it could not have been dissolved, as the patient said was done, in four ounces of water. The word ounces is probably a misprint for drachms.

[414]. Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1838, iii, 353.

[415]. London Med. Repository, xi. 20.

[416]. Ibid. vi. 474.

[417]. Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1838, iii. 353.

[418]. London Med. Repository, iii. 380.

[419]. Lancet, 1838–39, ii. 748.

[420]. London Medical Repository, xii. 18. London Medical Gazette, i. 737. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxiv. 67.

[421]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xiv. 607.

[422]. London Medical Gazette, i. 737.

[423]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 190.

[424]. Journal de Chim. Med. 1842, 211, and Orfila, Toxicologie Gén. 1843, i. 195.

[425]. Annales d’Hyg. Publique, 1842, xxvii. 422.

[426]. Lond. Med. Gazette, 1840–41, i. 480.

[427]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 185.

[428]. Medizinisch-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1828, ii. 255.

[429]. Orfila, in Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, 145.

[430]. Annales d’Hygiène, Publique, 1842, xxviii. 206.

[431]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, 197.

[432]. Toxicol. Gén. i. 164, 3me Edition.

[433]. Ibid. 166, and also Archives Gén. de Méd. xiii. 373.

[434]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 335, lvi. 345, lvi. 123.

[435]. Annales d’Hyg. Publique, xxviii. 212.

[436]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, liv. 341.

[437]. London Medical Gazette, 1842–43, i. 188.

[438]. Edin Med. and Surg. Journal, xxx. 310.

[439]. Toxicologia, p. 225.

[440]. London Med. Repository, vii. 118.

[441]. Orfila, Toxic. Gén. i. 167.

[442]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journ. xxx. 310.

[443]. Surgical Observations, Part i. 82.

[444]. Toxic. Gén. i. 169.

[445]. Bulletin de l’Acad. Roy. de Méd. 1836, i. 151.

[446]. Journal de Pharmacie, ix. 355, or Med. Repos. xx. 441.

[447]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxix. 417.

[448]. Toxic. Gén. i. 193.

[449]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 334, liv. 346.

[450]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxix. 415.

[451]. Experimental Essays, p. 113.

[452]. Journal de Médecine, lxxiii. 22.

[453]. Tartra sur l’empoisonnement par l’acide nitrique, 136.

[454]. London Med. Repository, xxiii. 523.

[455]. Experimental Essays, pp. 114, 115.

[456]. Souville in Journal de Médecine, lxxiii. 19.

[457]. Laflize in Journ. de Méd. lxxi. 401.

[458]. Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 1844, 130.

[459]. Alexander, Experimental Essays, p. 109.

[460]. Memoirs of London Med. Society, iii. 527.

[461]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journ. xiv. 34.

[462]. Annali Univers. di Medicina, 1836, iii. 333.

[463]. Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, lvii. i. 124.

[464]. Journal de Physiologie, iii. 243.

[465]. Toxicol. Gén. i. 174.

[466]. Gmelin’s Geschichte der Mineralischen Gifte, s. 252.7

[467]. Timæi Casus Medicinales, lvii. c. 12.

[468]. Orfila, Toxic. Gén. i. 220.

[469]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 336, lvi. 422, liii. 38.

[470]. Toxicol. ut supra.

[471]. Plenck, Toxicologia, 226.

[472]. Essay on Fevers, p. 308.

[473]. Bulletins de la Soc. de Méd. 1815, No. viii. T. iv. 352.

[474]. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xiv. 642.

[475]. Revue Médicale, xvii. 265.

[476]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, 499.

[477]. London Medical Gazette, 1837, xxi. 529.

[478]. Orfila, Toxicol Gén. i. 229.

[479]. De salis ammoniaci, vi, &c. Heidelberg, 1826. Analysed in Revue Med. 1827, i. 284.

[480]. Orfila, i. 228.

[481]. Orfila, Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxviii. 431.

[482]. Toxic. Gén. i. 177.

[483]. Annales, ut supra.

[484]. Toxicologie Gén. 1843, i. 269. Two from an Essay by M. Chantourelle, read before the Acad. de Médecine,; and one from M. Lafranque in Ann. de la Méd. Physiolog. Février, 1825.

[485]. Journ. Universel, xviii. 265.

[486]. See Poisonous Gases.

[487]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, p. 656.

[488]. It appears that arsenic does not always undergo this change. Berzelius once kept some fragments in an open phial for three years without observing any change in appearance or weight. [Annales de Chimie et de Physique, xi. 240.] Buchner once made a similar observation, and is inclined to think that oxidation does not occur, if the metal is quite pure. [Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxi. 29.]

[489]. American Journ. of Med. Science, x. 122.

[490]. Hahnemann, Uber die Arsenic-vergiftung, 13.

[491]. Edin. Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, ii. 292.

[492]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, ii. 61.

[493]. As far back at least as the time of Zacchias. See his Quæstiones Medico-legales, iii. 37, 11.

[494]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, 1827, xxviii. 96.

[495]. Consult among others, Taylor’s Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, p. 135.

[496]. Toxicologie Gén. 1843, i. 376.

[497]. Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, v. 66.

[498]. Mr. Blandy, for example, who said he “perceived an extraordinary grittiness in his mouth, attended with a very painful pricking and burning pain in his tongue, throat, stomach, and bowels.” [Howell’s State Trials, xviii. 1135.]

[499]. American Journal of Medical Science, x. 122.

[500]. Schweigger’s Journal der Chemie. vi. 232.

[501]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, ii. 61.

[502]. London Philosophical Journal, 1837, ii. 482.

[503]. Ueber die Arsenic-vergiftung, 10.

[504]. Contrepoisons de l’Arsenic du sublimé corrosif, &c. i. 20.

[505]. Neues Nordisches Archiv. i.

[506]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, ii. 61.

[507]. Ueber die Arsenic-vergiftung, 223.

[508]. Lectures on Chemistry, ii. 430.

[509]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxii. 82, and Edin. Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, ii. 293.

[510]. Paris and Fonblanque’s Medical Jurisprudence, ii. 251.

[511]. Donovan in Dublin Phil. Journal, ii. 402.

[512]. Ibid.

[513]. American Journal of Medical Science, x. 126.

[514]. Annales d’Hyg. Pub. et de Med. Lég. xi. 224.

[515]. The only probable source of such impregnation is pyritic sulphur, which is frequently used abroad, and has of late been occasionally employed in this country, for making sulphuric acid. As pyrites commonly contains arsenic, the acid becomes adulterated with oxide of arsenic, and may communicate the same impregnation to various other reagents which are prepared by means of sulphuric acid. The oxide may easily be detected in that acid by a stream of hydrosulphuric acid gas, after moderate dilution with water; for pure acid is rendered milky; but an arsenical acid yields a yellow precipitate of sulphuret of arsenic.

[516]. Journal de Chim. Méd. viii. 449.

[517]. Reinsch, in Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lvi. 183.

[518]. This has been occasionally observed by Chevallier [Journal de Chim. Méd. 1840, 434], and once by M. Roturier [Ibidem, 627]. The former met with a medico-legal case where from this circumstance an erroneous opinion was at first formed in favour of poisoning.

[519]. London Med. Chirurgical Transactions, iii. 342.

[520]. See a paper by myself in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxii. 60, where the fallacies to which the liquid tests are liable are investigated at great length.

[521]. Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1827, i. 230.

[522]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxii. 74.

[523]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, July, 1824.

[524]. Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, 1836, xxi. 229.

[525]. Mr. L. Thomson in Lond. Phil. Journal, 1837, i. 353.—Orfila, Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, p. 212.—Bischoff, Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxv. 411.—Mr. H. H. Watson, Manchester Memoirs, vi. 603.—Pettenkoffer, Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxvi. 289.—Berzelius, and a Committee of the French Institute, Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, 393.—Flandin and Danger, Ibidem, 1841, 435.—Malapert, Ibidem, 1841, 295.—Lassaigne, Ibidem, 1840, 638,—Mr. Ellis, Lancet, 1843.—A paper of my own, Edinburgh Monthly Journal of Med. Science, iii. 257.

[526]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, 393. Rapport de l’Institut.

[527]. Edinburgh Monthly Journal of Medical Science, 1843, iii. 257.

[528]. Journal für Praktischen Chemie, 1842, xxiv. 242.

[529]. See Edinburgh Monthly Journ. of Med. Science, 1843, iii. 774.

[530]. Annalen der Chimie und Pharmacie, 1844, xlix. 291.

[531]. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, 1824, xxii. 78.

[532]. Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, xlix. 308.

[533]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, p. 413.

[534]. Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, 1844, Mär 3, xlix. 308.

[535]. London Medical Gazette, 1840–41, i. 723.

[536]. Annales de Hygiène Publique, 1839, xxii. 404.

[537]. Ibidem, p. 418.

[538]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1839, 452.

[539]. Ibidem, 1841, 534.

[540]. Ibidem, 1842, 650.

[541]. London Philosophical Journal, 1842, ii. 403.

[542]. Wohler, Journal de Chim. Médicale, 1840, 96.

[543]. Bulletins de l’Acad. Roy. de Médecine, 1839, iii. 1073.

[544]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, 645, and 1841, 242.

[545]. Journ. de Chim. Méd. 1839, 346.

[546]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1839, xxii.

[547]. Ibidem, 404.

[548]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, 223.

[549]. Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxv. 107.

[550]. Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1841, vi. 163.

[551]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, 17, 421, 431.

[552]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxii. 450.

[553]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, 223.

[554]. Ibidem, 1840, 690.

[555]. Annales, &c. ut supra.

[556]. Revue Médicale. 1827, i. 365.

[557]. Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, iv. 221.

[558]. January, 1819.

[559]. Annales d’Hygiène Publ. et de Med. Légale, xii. 393.

[560]. Ueber die Arsenic-vergiftung, pp. 14, 45.

[561]. Journal de Pharmacie, xiii. 207.

[562]. Journal de Chim. Med. ii. 113.

[563]. Trans. of Provincial Med. and Surg. Association, iii. 465.

[564]. See subsequently Morbid Appearances.

[565]. Dublin Journal of the Med. Sciences, xx. 422.

[566]. Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxix. 271.

[567]. Buchner’s Toxicologie, 476.

[568]. Treatise on Poisons, third edition, pp. 270, 271.

[569]. Bulletins de l’Acad. Roy. de Médecine, 1839, iii. 426.

[570]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, p. 690.

[571]. Gazette Médicale, 1839, No. 20.

[572]. In a rabbit killed by arsenic applied to a wound Sir B. Brodie found the heart contracting feebly after death; and in a dog there were tremulous contractions incapable of supporting circulation. Sproegel found the peristaltic motion of the intestines and gullet vigorous in a dog an hour after death. [Diss. Inaug. in Halleri Disput. Med. Prac. vi. Exp. 31] Orfila in some experiments found the heart apparently inflamed and its irritability destroyed. [Arch. Gén. de Med. i. 147.]

[573]. Haller’s Disput. Med. Pract. vi. Exp. 35.

[574]. Diss. Inaug. Tubing. 1808. De effectibus Arsenici in var. organismos.

[575]. Phil. Trans. cii. 211.

[576]. Jaeger, p. 28.

[577]. Halleri Disput., &c., Exp. 36.

[578]. Renault sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsénic, p. 42.

[579]. Ibidem, 45.

[580]. Journal de Chim. Méd. ii. 153.

[581]. Acta Germanica, v. Observ. 102.

[582]. Sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsénic, p. 57.

[583]. Sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsénic, p. 48.

[584]. Nov. Bibliothèque Méd. 1827, ii 59.

[585]. Acta Germanica, v. Observ. 102

[586]. For the references to these cases, see p. 227.

[587]. Ueber Arsenic-Vergiftung, p. 53–4.

[588]. Journal Complémentaire, i. 107.

[589]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxiii. 67.

[590]. Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1841, vi. 29.

[591]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1837, xvi. 336, 345.

[592]. Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xx. 492.

[593]. Wibmer. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 257. From Alberti, Jurisp. Med. v. 619, cas. 24.

[594]. Bulletins de l’Académie Roy. de Médecine, 1841, v. 145.

[595]. Valentini Pandectæ Med.-legales, 1. iii. c. 24.

[596]. Sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsénic, p. 62.

[597]. Foderé, in Journal Complémentaire, i. 107, from Bertrand, Manuel Medico-legal des Poisons, p. 185.

[598]. Toxicologie Gén. i. 429.

[599]. American Journal of Med. Science, xi. 61.

[600]. Mr. Hume, London Medical and Physical Journal, xlvi. 467.

[601]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxvi. 94.

[602]. Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, iv. 221.

[603]. Praktisches Handbuch für Physiker, iii. 298.

[604]. London Med. and Phys. Journal, xlix 117.

[605]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xvii. 338.

[606]. Pandectæ Medico-legales, P. i. s. iii. cas. xxvi. pp. 134, 135.

[607]. Diction. de Méd. et de Chir. Pratique, Art. Arsenic, iii. 340.

[608]. Archives Gén. de Médecine, vii 14.—Another case somewhat analogous has been related by Tonnelier in Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine (iv. 15). The person, a girl nineteen years of age, took the poison at eleven, dined pretty heartily at two, and concealed her sufferings till seven. Even before dinner, however, she had been observed occasionally to change countenance, as if uneasy.

[609]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvii. 450.

[610]. London Med. Chir. Trans. ii. 134.

[611]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxix. 23. See also above, p. 77.

[612]. Mr. Page, Lancet, 1836–37, ii. 626.

[613]. Wendland in Augustin’s Archiv der Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 34.

[614]. Pyl’s Aufsätze und Beob. i. 55.

[615]. Bachmann. See subsequently, p. 260. State Trials, xviii. Case of Miss Blandy.

[616]. Wepfer, Historia Cicutæ, 276.

[617]. In a case by Schlegel. See Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, i. 81.

[618]. Buchmann, p. 40.

[619]. Journal de Médecine, iv. 383.

[620]. Journal de Chimie Med. 1842, p. 580.

[621]. Pyl’s Aufsätze und Beob. i. 55.

[622]. Metzger’s Materialien für die Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 96.—Lond. Med. Phys. Journ. xxviii. 345—and Wildberg’s Praktisches Handbuch, iii. 235–390.

[623]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, lix. 350.

[624]. Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, i. 29.

[625]. Tonnelier’s case. Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, iv.—Roget’s case. Med. Chir. Transactions, ii.

[626]. Med. and Phys. Journal, xxviii. 347.

[627]. Henke’s Zeitschrift, i. 31.

[628]. De Veneficio caute dijudicando. Schlegel’s Opusc. iv. 22.

[629]. Praktisches Handbuch für Physiker, iii. 298.

[630]. Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 307.

[631]. Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, v. 106.

[632]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, 1843, lix. 350.

[633]. Elements of Juridical Medicine, 68.

[634]. Historia Cicutæ, p. 282.

[635]. Essay on Mineral Poisons, 1795, p. 30.

[636]. These facts are important, because they will enable the medical jurist in some circumstances to decide a question which may be started as to the possibility of arsenic having been the cause of death when it is very rapid. I have dwelt on them more particularly than may appear necessary, because some loose statements on the subject were made in a controversy on the occasion of a trial of some note, that of Hannah Russell and Daniel Leny, at Lewes Summer Assizes 1826, for the murder of the husband of the former. Arsenic was decidedly detected in the stomach, and it was proved that the deceased did not live above three hours after the only meal at which the prisoners could have administered the poison. Now during the controversy which arose after the execution of one of the prisoners, it was alleged by one of the parties, among other reasons for believing arsenic not to have been the cause of death, that this poison never proves fatal so soon as in three hours,—that Sir Astley Cooper and Mr. Stanley of London had never known a case prove fatal in less than seven hours—and that Dr. Male’s case mentioned above is the shortest on record. The instances quoted above overthrow this whole line of statement. It was mentioned by Mr. Evans, the chief crown witness, but I know not on what authority, that, on the trial of Samuel Smith for poisoning, held at Warwick Summer Assizes 1826, the deceased was proved to have expired in two hours after taking a quarter of an ounce of arsenic. I have examined with some care the documents in the Lewes case, which were obligingly communicated to me by Mr. Evans; and I have been quite unable to discover any reason for questioning the reality of poisoning, or for the ferment which it seems the subsequent controversy excited. The case seems to have been satisfactorily made out by Mr. Evans in the first instance; and no sound medical jurist would for a moment suffer a shadow of doubt to be thrown over his mind by the criticisms of Mr. Evans’s antagonist.

[637]. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 271.

[638]. London Medical Repository, ii. 270.

[639]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxii. 305.

[640]. Ibidem, v. 389.

[641]. Philos. Transactions, 1812, p. 212.

[642]. Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, v. 410.

[643]. Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxii. 483.

[644]. This statement might be excellently illustrated by the particulars of an English trial in 1842, where the prisoner escaped, though arsenic was found in the stomach of the deceased, because the judge, resting on the medical evidence, urged that arsenic caused so much pain in the stomach as generally to make the person shriek with agony, while in this case there was no uneasiness except pain in the head. As the case, however, was by no means creditable to the parties concerned in it, I shall rest satisfied with the present allusion.

[645]. Vol. iii. quoted in Kopp’s Jahrbuch, vii. 401.

[646]. Materialien für die Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 95.

[647]. Edin. Med. Chir. Transactions, ii. 298.

[648]. Lond. Med. Phys. Journal, xxxiv.

[649]. Revue Médicale, 1822, vii. 105.

[650]. Archives Gén. de Médecine, vii. 14.

[651]. London Medical Gazette, xv. 828.

[652]. Orfila, Toxicologie Gén. i. 397.

[653]. Lancet, xvi. 612.

[654]. Epist. Anat. lix. 3.

[655]. Journal de Médecine, lxx. 89.

[656]. Annali Universali di Medicina, 1836, ii. 43.

[657]. Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, xlii. 402.

[658]. Journal Hebdomadaire, 1832, viii. 476.

[659]. London Med. Chir. Transactions, ii. 134.

[660]. See also a full abstract in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xiii. 507.

[661]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xv. 553.

[662]. Traitement des Asphyxiés, 135.

[663]. Ratio Medendi, iii. 113.

[664]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xviii. 167.

[665]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xvii. 336.

[666]. Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, iv. 221.

[667]. Mem. of London Medical Society, ii. 224.

[668]. Nova Acta Naturæ Curiosorum, iii. 532.

[669]. Hahnemann über die Arsenic-Vergiftung, 59.

[670]. Curationes Medicinales. Cent. ii. Obs. 33.

[671]. Cicutæ Aquaticæ Historia et Noxæ, 280.

[672]. Ueber die Arsenic-Vergiftung, 61.

[673]. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 266.

[674]. Diet. des Sciences Méd. ii. 307.

[675]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xv. 415.

[676]. Cadet de Gassicourt. Article Arsenic in Dict. des Sc. Méd.

[677]. London Medical Gazette, 1839–40, p. 266.

[678]. Hoffman, Medicina Rationalis Systematica, i. 198.

[679]. Magazin für die gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, ii. 473.

[680]. Ueber die Arsenic-Vergiftung, 63.

[681]. Gmelin’s Geschichte der Mineralischen Gifte. Gmelin attempts to show from symptoms, that the Popes Pius Third and Clement Fourteenth died of arsenic secretly and gradually given, p. 107.

[682]. Curat. Medic. C. ii. Obs. 33.

[683]. De Cicuta, p. 289.

[684]. Quoted by Hahnemann, über die Arsenic-Vergiftung, p. 41.

[685]. Cours de Médecine Légale, p. 121.

[686]. London Medical Gazette, 1842–43, i. 351; from Gazette Médicale, 1842, Nov. 5.

[687]. Elémens de Médecine Opératoire.

[688]. Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. xi. 461.

[689]. Journ. de Chimie Médicale, 1836, 482.

[690]. On Phagedæna Gangrænosa, or Med. Phys. Journal, xl. 238.

[691]. De Arsenici usu in Medicina, p. 158.

[692]. Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 43.

[693]. Paris and Fonblanque, ii. 222.

[694]. Médecine, Légale, iv. 226.

[695]. Ansiaulx, Clinique Chirurgicale, and Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 188.

[696]. Acta Hafniensia, iii. 178.

[697]. Hippocrates Chymicus, c. 24. p. 213.

[698]. Casus Medicinales, lib. vii. cas. 11.

[699]. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 299.

[700]. Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, lxxii. v. 134.

[701]. London Medical Gazette, 1837–38, i. 585.

[702]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxix. 271.

[703]. Dublin Journal of the Medical Sciences, xx. 422.

[704]. Eph. Curios. Naturæ, Dec. iii. An. 9 and 10, Obs. 220.

[705]. Sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsénic, p. 112.

[706]. Mem. of London Medical Society, ii. 397.

[707]. Recueil Périod. de la Soc. de Med. vi. 22.

[708]. Acta Germanica, ii. 33.

[709]. Knape und Hecker’s Kritische Annalen der Staatsarzneikunde, i. 143–159.

[710]. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 241.

[711]. Einige auserlesene Medizinisch-gerichtliche abhandlungen von Schmitt, Bachmann, &c. p. 40.

[712]. State Trials, xviii.

[713]. Ephem. Academ. Cæsareo-Leopoldinæ, 1715. Obs. cxxvi.

[714]. Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1834, 755.

[715]. Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1841, vi. 278.

[716]. Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 53, and v. 107.

[717]. Diss. Inaug. Tubingæ, 1808, de Effectibus Arsenici in varios organismos, p. 39.

[718]. Diss. Inaug. Edin. 1813, de Venen. Mineralibus, pp. 5, 6, 12.

[719]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xviii. 171.

[720]. London Medical Gazette, xiv. 62.

[721]. Praktisches Handbuch, iii. 232 and 304.

[722]. Dissert. Exp. 36.

[723]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvii. 453.

[724]. Nordisches Archiv, i. 334.

[725]. Jaeger, p. 40.

[726]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvii. 453.

[727]. Schlegel, Collect. Opusc. &c. 423.

[728]. Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 58.

[729]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxiii. 66.

[730]. Metzger’s System der gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, von Remer, 1820, p. 257.

[731]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxix. 25.

[732]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvii. 453.

[733]. Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1837, ii. 29, and 1841, vi. 266.

[734]. Gmelin’s Geschichte der Mineralischen Gifte, 124, Foderé, Médecine-Légale, iv. 127. Sallin, Journal Gén. de Médecine, iv.

[735]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxix. 25.

[736]. Journal Complémentaire, i. 106.

[737]. Trial of Medad Mackay at Allegany, 1821. The prisoner was found not guilty. But the presence of arsenic in the stomach was proved by several tests.

[738]. Philosophical Transactions, cii. 216.

[739]. Archives Gén. de Médecine, 1. 107.

[740]. Harles de Arsenico, 153, and Renault sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsénic.

[741]. Morbid Anatomy, p. 128.

[742]. Metzger in Schlegel’s Opuscula, iv. 23. Pyl’s Aufs. und Beob. i. 60. Platner, Quæstiones Medicinæ Forenses, 206.

[743]. Medicina Forensis, Cent. v. Cas. 45, quoted by Wibmer.

[744]. Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, iv. 221.

[745]. Bernt, Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, iv. 221.

[746]. Metzger’s Materialien für die Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 95.

[747]. ii. 284.

[748]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvii. 457.

[749]. Ibid, xxxiii. 66.

[750]. Sproegel’s Dissert. Exp. xxxi.

[751]. Pfaff and Scheele’s Nordisches Archiv. i. 345.

[752]. Archives Gén. de Med. vii. 1.

[753]. Ibidem, vii. 285.

[754]. Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxiv. 144.

[755]. Archives Gén. de Méd. ii. 58.

[756]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xviii. 171.

[757]. Elements of Juridical Medicine, 76.

[758]. Morbid Anatomy, p. 128.

[759]. Case of Mr. Blandy, State Trials, xviii.

[760]. Bachmann’s Essay (see p. 259).

[761]. Houlton in London Med. Gazette, xiv. 712.

[762]. Diss. Inaug. Edin. 1813, pp. 11 and 12.

[763]. Diss. in Haller’s Disp. de Morbis, vi. Exp. xxxvi.

[764]. London Med. Gazette, x. 115.

[765]. Gazette Médicale de Paris, 1839, No. 20.

[766]. Neues Magazin, I. iii. 508.

[767]. Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, i. 32.

[768]. Annales d’Hyg. Publique, xi. 461.

[769]. London Med. Gazette, xiv. 62.

[770]. Archives Gén. i. 147.

[771]. Nouvelle Bibliothèque Médicale, 1829, i. 395.

[772]. Jaeger, de Effectibus Arsenici, p. 40.

[773]. Bachmann’s Essay, p. 41, or above, p. 259.

[774]. Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 50.

[775]. Wibmer. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 281, 283.

[776]. Phil. Trans. cii. 214.

[777]. De Arsenici usu in Medicina, 1811, p. 154.

[778]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1839, p. 127.

[779]. Practisches Handbuch, iii. 229.

[780]. De Venenis Mineralibus. Diss. Inaug. Edinburgi, 1813.

[781]. Historia Circutæ, 288.

[782]. Augustin’s Repertorium. Neue Entdeckungen betreffend die Kennzeichen der Arsenic-vergiftung, I. i. 30.

[783]. Geschichte der Mineralischen Gifte.

[784]. Essay on Mineral Poisons, 36.

[785]. Quæst. Medicinæ Forenses, 206.

[786]. Jaeger, de Effectibus Arsenici, p. 47.

[787]. Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xx. 485.

[788]. Bulletins de l’Acad. Roy. de Méd. v. 137.

[789]. Geiger’s Magazin für Pharmacie, xxxii. 301, from Seeman’s Dissert. Inaug. Berolini, 1824.

[790]. For an excellent analysis of the case of Ursinus and the experiments of Klanck, see Augustin—Neue Entdeckungen betreffend die Kennzeichen der Arsenic-vergiftung und Berichtigung älterer Angaben über diesen Gegenstand,—in Augustin’s Repertorium, I. i. 36.

[791]. Bachmann, Einige auserlesene gerichtlich-medizinische abhandlungen, von Schmidt, Bachmann, und Küttlinger. Nürnberg, 1813.

[792]. Hufeland’s Journal, xix. iv. 11, and xxii. i. 166.

[793]. Archives Gén. de Med. xxi. 615, or Revue Médicale, 1830, i. 165.

[794]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1837, xviii. 466; and Journal de Pharmacie, 1837, 386.

[795]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvii. 457.

[796]. De veneficio caute dijudicando, in Schlegel’s Opuscula, iv. 23.

[797]. Edin. Med. Chir. Trans. ii. 284.

[798]. Dr. Symonds’s Account of the Examination, &c., Trans. of Provincial Med. and Surg. Association, iii. 432.

[799]. Lancet, 1843–44, ii. 801.

[800]. Dissertatio de vera Chemiæ Organicæ notione, additis experimentis de vi Arsenici in corpore organico mortuo. 1822. Quoted fully by Wibmer, die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 312.

[801]. Elémens de Chymie, ii. 343.

[802]. See this work, First Ed. 1829, p. 258.

[803]. Kopp’s Jahrbuch, ii. 226.

[804]. Bernt’s Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, iv. 219.

[805]. Ueber eine Vergiftung durch weissen Arsenic—Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, v. 61.

[806]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xviii. 172.

[807]. De usu Arsenici, 164.

[808]. Journal de Pharmacie, 1837, p. 386.

[809]. Revue Médicale, 1828, ii. 470.

[810]. Knape und Hecker’s Kritische Jahrbücher, ii. 76.

[811]. Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, xxxix. 176.

[812]. Toxicologie Générale, ii.

[813]. Sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsenic, pp. 33, 35.

[814]. London Med. and Phys. Journal, xlvi. 466, 545. Mr. Edwards, Ibidem, xlix. 117. Mr. Buchanan, London Med. Repository, xix. 288.

[815]. Journal Gén. de Médecine, 1813 and 1815, p. 363.

[816]. Toxicologie Gén. i. 429.

[817]. Das Eisenoxydhydrat, ein Gegengift der Arsenigen saüre, Göttingen, 1834.

[818]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xiv. 134.

[819]. Probationary Essay, Edin. Roy. Coll. of Surgeons, 1839.

[820]. London Medical Gazette, xv. 220.

[821]. Lancet, 1834–35 p. 232.

[822]. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, liv. 106.

[823]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxvi. 126.

[824]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, p. 240.

[825]. Mr. Kerr in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxvi. 97.

[826]. London Med. Repository, ix. 456.

[827]. Med. and Phys. Journal, xxix.

[828]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1839, p. 189.

[829]. Bulletins de l’Acad. Roy. de Méd. iii. 1124.

[830]. Ibidem, 1840, vi. 135.

[831]. Bulletins de l’Académie Roy. de Médecine, 1840, vi. 136.

[832]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, p. 711.

[833]. Ibidem, 1843, p. 265.

[834]. Ibidem, 1841, p. 258.

[835]. Kopp’s Jahrbuch der Staatsarzneikunde, iv. 354.

[836]. Devergie. Annales d’Hyg. Publ. xi. 418.

[837]. Toxicologie Gén. i. 241.

[838]. Medical Jurisprudence, ii. 208.

[839]. Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. xi. 411.

[840]. Philosophical Transaction, 1831, cxxi. 155, 160.

[841]. Annales de Chimie, xliv. 176, and Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. i. 243.

[842]. Taddei, Recherches sur un nouvel Antidote contre le sublimé corrosif.

[843]. Berthollet, sur la Causticité des sels Métalliques. Mém. de l’Acad. 1780.

[844]. Toxic. Gén. i. 245.

[845]. Recherches, &c. p. 60.

[846]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1837, p. 161.

[847]. Poggendorff’s Annalen der Physik und Chemie, xxviii, 135.

[848]. Annalen der Pharmacie, xxiv. 36.

[849]. Annales de Chimie, xliv. 176.

[850]. Toxicologie Générale, i. 301.

[851]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxviii. 424.

[852]. Dr. Bigsby in London Medical Gazette, vii. 329.

[853]. Philosophical Transactions, cii. 222.

[854]. Tentamen Inaugurale de Venenis Mineralibus, Edinb. 1813, p. 36.

[855]. Orfila, Toxicologie Gén. i. 257.

[856]. Journal de Physiologie, i. 165 and 242.

[857]. Toxicologie, i. 261.

[858]. Journal de Physiologie, i. 165.

[859]. Autenrieth und Zeller über das Daseyn von Quecksilber in der Blutmasse der Thiere. Reil’s Archiv für die Physiologie, viii. 216.

[860]. Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1823, ii. 417.

[861]. Diss. Inaug. Tubingæ, 1808, sistens experimenta quædam circa effectus hydrargyr in animalia viva, pp. 25, 31, also Reil’s Archiv, ut supra.

[862]. Tract. de Morb. Gall. in Opera Omnia, pp. 728, 729.

[863]. Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1810, ii. 252.

[864]. Corvisart’s Journ. de Méd. xxvii. 244.

[865]. Dec. I. Ann. i. Obs. 8.

[866]. Journ. der Prakt. Heilkunde, li. 5, p. 117.

[867]. Mem. of Lond. Med. Soc. v. 112.

[868]. Seltene Beobachtungen zur Anat. Physiol. und Pathol. Berlin, 1824, ii. 36. Quoted by Marx, die Lehre von den Giften, I. ii. 163.

[869]. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, iii. 86.

[870]. Zeller, in Reil’s Archiv. viii. 233.

[871]. Nouvelle Bibliothèque Médicale, 1828, iv. 17 and 18.

[872]. See the last Edition of this work, p. 366.

[873]. See my Dispensatory, 1842, p. 507.

[874]. Reil’s Archiv., viii. 228.

[875]. Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, lx. 115.

[876]. Toxicologie 3te Auflage, 539.

[877]. Ibidem, 433.

[878]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, p. 428.

[879]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxvi. 249.

[880]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1843, p. 137.

[881]. Hodgson’s Trial, Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxii. 439, also a case by Mr. Blacklock, Ibid. xxxvi. 92.

[882]. Case by Ollivier in Archives Gén. de Méd. ix. 100; also one by Mr. Valentine, Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xiv. 471.

[883]. Case by Fontenelle, Arch. Gén. de Méd. v. 345; also Hodgson’s Trial.

[884]. Hodgson’s Trial; also Orfila, Tox. Gén. i. 263: and Mr. Valentine’s 5th case, the only survivor.

[885]. Hodgson’s Trial; also Mr. Buchanan’s case in Lond. Med. Repos. xix. 374.

[886]. Mr. Valentine’s Cases, Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xiv. 470.

[887]. Mr. Anderson’s case in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xiv. 474.

[888]. Essay on Mineral Poisons, p. 52.

[889]. Dumonceau in Journ. de Med. lxix. 36; Orfila, Tox. Gén. i. 264; and Blacklock’s case.

[890]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xiv. 468.

[891]. Ibid. xliv. 26.

[892]. xli. 204.

[893]. London Medical Gazette, viii. 616.

[894]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxvi. 92.

[895]. Archives Gén. de Méd. ix. 99.

[896]. Orfila, Tox. Gén. i. 265.

[897]. Mr. Valentine’s cases.

[898]. Ollivier’s case, and Fontenelle’s.

[899]. Case by Devergie in Arch. Gén. de Méd. ix. 463.

[900]. Houlston, in London Med. Journal, vi. 271.

[901]. Arch. Gén. de Méd. ix. 463.

[902]. Toxicol. Gén. i. 263.

[903]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, p. 294.

[904]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xiv. 468.

[905]. Mr. Valentine’s 4th case.

[906]. London Medical Gazette, viii. 616.

[907]. London Medical Gazette, vii. 329.

[908]. Ibidem, 1842–43, i. 556.

[909]. Mr. Valentine’s case 1st.

[910]. Case in Med. and Phys. Journal, xli.

[911]. Case by Dr. Anderson in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, vii. 437.

[912]. Beddoes’ Contributions to Physical and Medical Knowledge, 1799, p. 231.

[913]. London Medical Gazette, 1842–43, i. 941.

[914]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 114.

[915]. Ibidem, xiv. 474.

[916]. Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 162.

[917]. Lond. Med. and Phys. Journal, xli.

[918]. Toxic. Générale, i. 282, from Degneri Historia Med. de Dysent. Bilios. Contag. 250.

[919]. Lond. Med. and Phys. Journal, xli. 204.

[920]. Reports of Medical Cases, ii. 337.

[921]. Lancet, 1838–39, i. 215.

[922]. M. Colson in Arch. Gén. de Méd. xii. 84.

[923]. Dr. Ramsbotham in Lond. Med. Gazette, i. 775.

[924]. Dr. Crampton, Trans. Dublin College of Physicians, iv. 91.

[925]. See page 335.

[926]. Rust’s Magazin, xxv. 578.

[927]. Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, ix, ii. 201.

[928]. Lond. Med. and Phys. Journal, xxvi. 452.

[929]. Ibid. xxvii. 275.

[930]. Trans. Lond. Coll. Phys. i. 34.

[931]. Revue Medicale, 1828, iv. 76.

[932]. Ibidem, 1829, i. 467, from Osservatore Medico di Napoli, Febb. 1829.

[933]. Dr. Tott, in Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxxv. 50.

[934]. Journ. de Chem. Med. ix. 197.

[935]. London Medical Gazette, 1837–38, ii. 578.

[936]. De Ptyalismo Febrili. Diss. Inaug. Lipsiæ, in Halleri Disput. de Morb. Histor. i. 469.

[937]. See Evidence of Mr. Bromfield on the Trial of Miss Butterfield for the murder of Mr. Scawen, p. 40.

[938]. London Medical Gazette, 1839–40, ii. 875.

[939]. Lancet, 1843–44, i. 60.

[940]. London Medical Gazette, 1841–42, i. 338.

[941]. Swédiaur on Venereal Diseases, ii. 251.

[942]. Colson in Arch. Gén. de Méd. xii. 99.

[943]. Flora Suecica.

[944]. On the Venereal Disease, ii. 143.

[945]. Colson in Arch. Gén. de Méd. xii. 99.

[946]. The exact time is not mentioned.

[947]. Trial by Gurney and Blanchard, pp. 39, 47.

[948]. Principles of Forensic Medicine, 2d Ed. 118.

[949]. Trans. of the Prov. Med. and Surg. Association, ii. 262.

[950]. Mead’s Medical Works, p. 202.

[951]. Male’s Juridical Medicine, 89.

[952]. Archives Gén. de Méd. xl. 254.

[953]. Ibid. xii. 100.

[954]. Trans. Dublin Coll. Physicians, iii. 236.

[955]. Appendix to his Traité de la Colique Metallique, p. 275.

[956]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, viii. 376, and ix. 180.

[957]. Reports of Medical Cases, ii. 495.

[958]. Fernelius, de Lues Ven. Curat. c. vii.

[959]. London Med. and Phys. Journal, lxvii. 394.

[960]. Arch. Gén. de Méd. xiv. 109.

[961]. Mém. de l’Acad. des Sciences, 1719, p. 474.

[962]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, viii. 195.

[963]. London Medical Repository, xvi. 458.

[964]. Mémoires de l’Acad. de Chirurgie, iv. 154.

[965]. Wibmer. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, iii. 46.

[966]. Diss. Inaug. de Effectibus Liquidorum in vias aëriferas applicatorum, p. 35.

[967]. Hufeland’s Journal, xlii.

[968]. Mr. Hill in Edin. Med. Ess. iv. 38.

[969]. Corvisart’s Journal, xxv. 209.

[970]. London Journal of Science, x 354.

[971]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, vi. 513, and London Medical and Physical Journal, xxvi. 29.

[972]. Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1831, 519.

[973]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, vii. 437.

[974]. Ibidem, xliv. 26.

[975]. Medizinisch-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1833, v. 330.

[976]. Repertorium für die öffentl. und gerichtl. Arzneiwissenschaft, i. 223.

[977]. Annalen der Gesetz-gebung, iii. 55.

[978]. Journ. de Physiologie, i.

[979]. Annals of Philos. xiv. 241, 321.

[980]. See my Dispensatory, 1842, p. 500.

[981]. Acta Naturæ Curiosorum, Dec. ii. Ann. vi. Obs. 231.

[982]. Journal de Médecine, l. 3.

[983]. Dr. Sigmond in Lancet, 1837–38, i. 228, from Turner’s Treatise on Diseases of the Skin.

[984]. Ibidem, p. 227.

[985]. I. 240.

[986]. Opera Omnia, p. 729.

[987]. Arch. Gén. de Médecine, xix. 330.

[988]. Sur l’usage et les Abus des Caustiques. Paris, 1817. Quoted by Wibmer Smith found two drachms kill a dog when swallowed, and half a drachm proved fatal in two dogs when applied to a wound.

[989]. Lancet, 1836–37, i. 401.

[990]. London Medical Gazette, xiii. 117.

[991]. Cours de Médecine-Légale.

[992]. Handbuch der Toxicologie, 1838, p. 250.

[993]. Wibmer. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, iii. 66.

[994]. Ibidem, iii. 647.

[995]. Arch. Gén. ix. 102.

[996]. Thibert, Anatomie Pathologique, extracted in the American Journal. of Med. Science, April, 1842, p. 490.

[997]. De Medicamentis insecuris et infidis, in Oper. Omn. vi. 314.

[998]. Miscellanea Curiosa, 1692. Dec. ii. Ann. x. p. 34.

[999]. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, iii. 72.

[1000]. Johnson on Tropical Climates, pp. 45, 151, 267.—Annesley on the Diseases of India.—Musgrave on Mercury, in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journ. xxviii. 42.

[1001]. Dr. Fletcher. American Journal of Med. and Phys. Sciences, vii. 561.

[1002]. Miscellanea Curiosa, l. c.

[1003]. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, iii. 72.

[1004]. London Medical Gazette, 1837–38, ii. 610.

[1005]. M. Mialhe in Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Juin, 1842.

[1006]. Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, p. 178.

[1007]. For the documents in this trial I am indebted to my late colleague Dr. Duncan, Junior, who was concerned in it.

[1008]. Toxicol. Gén. i. 310.

[1009]. Recherches sur un Nouvel Antidote contre le sublimé corrosif, p. 34.

[1010]. Toxicol. Gén. p. 311.

[1011]. Taddei, Recherches, &c. p. 92.

[1012]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxii. 438.

[1013]. As in Devergie’s Case (Arch. Gén. ix 468), in which they were as big as peas.

[1014]. Ibidem.

[1015]. Devergie in Arch. Gén. ix 468.

[1016]. Sir B. Brodie in Philos. Trans. 1812.

[1017]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journ., xiv. 472, 473.

[1018]. London Medical Gazette, viii. 618.

[1019]. Recherches sur un Nouvel Antidote, &c. p. 61.

[1020]. Archives Gén. de Méd. ix. 470.

[1021]. Journal de Chim. Médicale, viii. 268.

[1022]. Orfila, Traité de Médecine Légale, iii. 134.

[1023]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 115.

[1024]. The reader may apply this statement to the trial of Mr. Angus, p. 118.

[1025]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, vii. 151.

[1026]. Augustin’s Repertorium, B. i. H. ii. 11.

[1027]. xli. 207.

[1028]. Journal de Médecine, l. iii. 15, or Recueil Périodique de la Soc. de Méd. vii. 343.

[1029]. Revue Medicale, 1830, ii.

[1030]. Toxicologie Gén. i. 313.

[1031]. Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, xxxviii. 77.

[1032]. Dissert. Inaug. p. 36.

[1033]. See my Dispensatory, p. 518. Dr. Wright’s Thesis on certain points connected with the action of mercury and its salts has not yet been published.

[1034]. London Med. Repository, xix. 408.

[1035]. Trans. of Dublin Coll. of Phys. iii. 310.

[1036]. Journal de Chim. Méd. Mars, 1825.

[1037]. Recherches sur un Nouvel Antidote, &c. p. 26.

[1038]. Giornale di Fisica, 1826, vi. 170, and Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie ii. 229.

[1039]. London Medico-Chirurgical Review, v. 612.

[1040]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, iv. 51.

[1041]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxviii. 427.

[1042]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1843, p. 10.

[1043]. Dr. Hort. American Journal of Med. Science, vi. 540.

[1044]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxix. 218.

[1045]. Lond. Med. Repos. N. S. vi. 368.

[1046]. Lond. Med. Gazette, 1836–37, ii. 144.

[1047]. Burnett on Criminal Law, 547.

[1048]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, p. 771.

[1049]. Dégrange, London Medical Gazette, 1842–43, i. 495.

[1050]. Falconer on the Poison of Copper, p. 23.

[1051]. Expériences sur l’Empoisonnement par l’oxyde de Cuivre. Diss. Inaug. Paris, 1802. Quoted in Orfila’s Toxicol. i. 502.

[1052]. Sur l’usage prétendu dangereux de la vaisselle de cuivre dans nos cuisines. Histoire de l’Acad. Roy. des Sciences de Berlin, 1756, p. 12.

[1053]. Toxicol. Gén. 1843, i. 612.

[1054]. Beck’s Medical Jurisprudence, 460.

[1055]. Falconer, &c. pp. 48, 98, 110.

[1056]. Sur l’usage, &c. p. 12.

[1057]. Falconer, &c. p. 63.

[1058]. Histoire de l’Acad. de Berlin, 1756, p. 16.

[1059]. Falconer, &c. p. 79.

[1060]. Annales de Chimie, lvii. 79, 81.

[1061]. Practisches Handb. für Physiker, iii. 312, Case 49.

[1062]. Fabricii Hildani Opera omnia. Genevæ, 1682. De Dysenteria, p. 669.

[1063]. Orfila, Toxicol. Générale, i. 507.

[1064]. Trans. London College of Physicians, iii. 80.

[1065]. On the Poison of Copper, 86.

[1066]. On the Poison of Copper, 88; also Paris and Fonblanque’s Medical Jurisprudence, ii. 289.

[1067]. Annales de Chimie, lvii. 80.

[1068]. On the Poison of Copper, p. 18.

[1069]. Annales, &c. p. 80.

[1070]. Medical Observations and Inquiries, ii. 11.

[1071]. On the Poison of Copper, 106.

[1072]. Proust, Annales de Chimie, lvii. 83.

[1073]. Geschichte der Mineralischen Gifte, p. 77.

[1074]. Lond. Med. Journal, ii. 411, from Journ. de Méd.

[1075]. Archives Gén. de Méd. xix. 471.

[1076]. Annales d’Hygiène Publ. et de Méd. Légale, iii. 342.

[1077]. Archives Gén. de Méd. xxi. 145.

[1078]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxxiii. 236.

[1079]. Pignant in Journ. de Chim. Méd. viii. 339.

[1080]. Toxicologie Gén. 1826, i. 510.

[1081]. Schweigger’s Journal der Chemie, xvi. 340, 436.

[1082]. Journal de Pharmacie, xvi. 505.

[1083]. Bulletins de la Société Roy. de Méd. 1838–39, p. 113.

[1084]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, p. 475.

[1085]. Ibid. viii. 442, 573.

[1086]. L’Experience, Avril 27, 1843.

[1087]. Journal de Chimie Méd. ix. 147.

[1088]. Ibidem, 1840, p. 28.

[1089]. Toxicologie Gén. 1843, i. 637.

[1090]. Orfila. Toxic. Gén. i. 511.

[1091]. ibid. Toxic. i. 513.

[1092]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxvi. 352.

[1093]. Toxicol. Générale, i. 515.

[1094]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal. lvi. 110.

[1095]. Utrum per viventium adhuc anim. membr. et arter. pariet. mat. ponderab. permeare queant, 13.

[1096]. Ueber die Wirkung des Kupfers auf den thierischen Organismus, in Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxxii. 337, 1829.

[1097]. Ibidem, lxxii. 56.

[1098]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, p. 475.

[1099]. Observations sur les effets des vapeurs méphitiques, 437.

[1100]. Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. i. 500.

[1101]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1840, xxiv. 100.

[1102]. Arch. Gén. de Médecine, xix. 329.

[1103]. Ut supra, 103, 106.

[1104]. Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, xviii. 54.

[1105]. Ut supra, 108, 110, 113.

[1106]. Ut supra, xviii. 56.

[1107]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, p. 309.

[1108]. Toxicol. Gén. i. 519.

[1109]. Aufsätze und Beobacht. aus der gericht. Arneiwiss. viii. 85.

[1110]. Practisches Handbuch für Physiker, iii. 308.

[1111]. Journ. de Chimie Médicale, v. 413.

[1112]. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, ii. 253.

[1113]. Trans. London Coll. Phys. iii. 88.

[1114]. Quoted by Dr. Thomson in Lancet, 1836–37, ii. 640.

[1115]. Traité des Maladies des Artizans, p. 78.

[1116]. Traité de la Colique Métallique, p. 103.

[1117]. London Medical Gazette, 1838–39, i. 195, 697.

[1118]. Gangrene could not have taken place in thirteen hours. The appearance must have been black extravasation, which has often been mistaken for gangrene. See page 267.

[1119]. Portal sur les effets des vapeurs méphitiques, 436, 439.

[1120]. Orfila, Tox. Gén. i. 530.

[1121]. Dict. des Sciences Médicales, vii. 564.

[1122]. Orfila, Tox. Gén. i. 534.

[1123]. Orfila, Tox. Gén. i. 535.

[1124]. Ibidem, i. 539.

[1125]. Ibidem, i. 540.

[1126]. Ibidem, i. 541.

[1127]. Journal de Pharmacie, xviii. 570.

[1128]. London Medico-Chirurgical Review, v. 611.

[1129]. Taylor’s Medical Jurisprudence, 1844, p. 206.

[1130]. Orfila, Toxicol. Générale, i. 466.

[1131]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxviii. 71.

[1132]. Ibid, xxviii. 71.

[1133]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840.

[1134]. Memoire sur l’Emétique, or Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. i. 469.

[1135]. De Effectibus liquidorum, &c. p. 32.

[1136]. Diss. Inaug. de Venenis Mineral. Edin. 1813. P. 23.

[1137]. Diction. de Méd. et de Chir. Pratiques, Art. Antimoine, iii. 69.

[1138]. Journal de Chim. Médicale, 1840, p. 291, and Orfila, Toxicologie Générale, 1843, i. 475.

[1139]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxix. 427.

[1140]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxviii. 107, from Comptes Rendus de l’Institut.

[1141]. Orfila, Toxicol, i. 74.

[1142]. Ibid. i. 478.

[1143]. Bulletins des Sciences Médicales, xvii. 243.

[1144]. Taylor’s Medical Jurisprudence, 205, from Casper’s Wochenschrift.

[1145]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxii. 227.

[1146]. Laennec, Auscultation Médiate, i. 493.

[1147]. On the Nature and Treatment of Cholera, p. 24.

[1148]. Mr. Greenwood, Lancet, 1835–36, ii. 142.

[1149]. Renauld in Journ. Univ. des Sciences Médicales, xvii. 120.

[1150]. Mem. of Lond. Med. Soc. ii. 386.

[1151]. Ibidem, v. 81.

[1152]. Corvisart’s Journ. de Med. xxvi. 221.

[1153]. Mem. of Lond. Med. Soc. iv. 79.

[1154]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, iv.

[1155]. Lond. Med. Repos, xvi. 357.

[1156]. London Medical Gazette, xii. 496.

[1157]. Lohmerer in Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, p. 629.

[1158]. Orfila, Toxicol. Générale, i. 480.

[1159]. De Medicamentis Venenorum vim habentibus. Opera Omnia, T. 1. p. ii. 213.

[1160]. Diss. Inaug. de Effectibus liquidorum, &c. p. 32.

[1161]. Archives Générales de Médecine, xlvii. 364.

[1162]. Orfila, Toxicol. Générale, i. 475.

[1163]. Bulletins des Sciences Médicales, vi. 259.

[1164]. Bulletins de l’Acad. Roy. de Médecine, 1840, vi. 140.

[1165]. Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 1844, p. 209.

[1166]. Toxicologie Générale, i. 555.

[1167]. Orfila, Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, p. 346.

[1168]. Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1823, ii. 415.

[1169]. Toxicol. Gén. 1843, ii. 10.

[1170]. Recherches Chimiques sur l’Etain, Paris, 1781.

[1171]. See Wibmer, die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, v. 168.

[1172]. Toxicologie Gén. 1843, ii. 5.

[1173]. Medical Times, Oct. 9, 1841.

[1174]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, lvi. 119.

[1175]. Toxicol. Gén. i. 581.

[1176]. De Effect. Liquid. ad vias aëriferas applic. Tübingæ, 1816, p. 33.

[1177]. London Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, vii. 2. Journal der Practischen Heilkunde, Juli, 1824.

[1178]. Wibmer. Die Wirkung, &c. i. 212, from Rust und Casper’s Kritische Repertorium, xix. 454.

[1179]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, p. 351.

[1180]. Ibid. 1843, p. 348.

[1181]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxix. 430.

[1182]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1839, p. 434.

[1183]. Orfila, Toxicol. Générale, i. 593.

[1184]. Magendie, Formulaire pour les nouveaux Médicamens.

[1185]. Toxicol. 241.

[1186]. Medicina Rationalis Syst. ii. c. 8. Sect. 12.

[1187]. Toxicol. Gén. i. 501.

[1188]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, p. 344.

[1189]. Bulletins des Sciences Méd. xx. 188. From the Heidelberg Klinische Annalen, also Wibmer, Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 416.

[1190]. Versuche über die Wirkungen des Baryts, Strontians, Chrom, &c. auf den thierischen Organismus. 1824.

[1191]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxix. 387.

[1192]. London Medical Gazette, 1843–44, ii.

[1193]. Ed. Med. and Surg. Journ. xxvi. 133.

[1194]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, p, 353.

[1195]. Toxicologie Gén. i. 569.

[1196]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, lvi. 110.

[1197]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, p. 353.

[1198]. Médecine Légale, iv. 165.

[1199]. Guy’s Hospital Reports, vi. 17.

[1200]. Orfila, Tox. i. 573.

[1201]. Journal Gén. de Médecine, lvi. 22.

[1202]. Materialien für die Staatsarzneikunde, i. 122.

[1203]. Horn’s Archiv, 1824, ii. 259.

[1204]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxvii. 317, and xxxiii. 104.

[1205]. Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, xxiii. 164.

[1206]. Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxi. 563.

[1207]. Annales de Chimie, lxxxvi. 59.

[1208]. Orfila’s Toxicologie, i. 567, from the Procès-verbal of the public meeting of the Society of Liége in 1813.

[1209]. See Dr. Babington’s Paper in Guy’s Hospital Reports, vi. 16.

[1210]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1839, p. 389, from Casper’s Wochenschrift.

[1211]. Aufsätze und Beob. ii. 12.

[1212]. Versuche über die Wirkung des Baryts, &c.

[1213]. Toxicologie Gén. 1843, ii. 44.

[1214]. Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxi. 247.

[1215]. I shall take an early opportunity, with the permission of Messrs Dewar, of publishing some of the details of these two cases, which are most interesting in various respects.

[1216]. Versuche über die Wirkung des Baryts, &c. Heidelberg, 1824.

[1217]. Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1830, ii.

[1218]. British Annals of Medicine, i. 41.

[1219]. Ibidem, 132.

[1220]. Schubarth, Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, lii. 101.

[1221]. See a paper by myself in Edinburgh Royal Society Trans., 1842, xv. 276, 274.

[1222]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxxviii. 125.

[1223]. Mem. de l’Acad. des Sc. 1787, 281, sur les vins lithargyriés.

[1224]. Vitruv. de Architectura, L. viii. c. 7, Quot modis ducantur aquæ. Editio Dun. Barbari, 1567, pp. 262, 265.

[1225]. De Medic. secundum locos, lvii.

[1226]. Researches into the Properties of Spring Waters, 1803, p. 193.

[1227]. Annales de Chim. lxxi. 197, l’an 1809.

[1228]. Experiments in Scudamore’s analysis of Tunbridge Water, 1816.

[1229]. A Treatise on Poisons, &c. First Edition, 1829.

[1230]. Philosophical Magazine. Third Series, v. 81, 1834.

[1231]. Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1838, iii. 60.

[1232]. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1842, xv. 265.

[1233]. Toxicologie Gén. 1843, i. 657.

[1234]. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, xv. 265.

[1235]. The statement here given of these phenomena is somewhat different from what is contained in the last edition of this work. The present account is derived from ulterior experiments, partly published in my paper in the Edinburgh Transactions. The discrepancies formerly prevailing between my own researches and those of Captain Yorke are now completely reconciled.

[1236]. Journal de Chim. Méd. ix 714.

[1237]. Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. iv. 55. 1830.

[1238]. Journal de Chim. Médicale, ix. 716. This adulteration has likewise since then attracted attention in London. See British Annals of Medicine, 1837, i. 15.

[1239]. Annales de Chimie, lxxi. 197.

[1240]. In distilled water containing a 12,000th of anhydrous arseniate of soda three lead rods weighing 71·235 grains became in thirty-three days 71·240; in a solution of a 15,000th the lead, though slightly whitened, retained its weight exactly, weighing at the end, as at the beginning, of the experiment 62·622 grains. In distilled water containing a 35,000th of anhydrous phosphate of soda, three lead rods, which weighed together 73·949 grains, became in thirty-two days 73·946; and in a comparative experiment with a solution containing a 27,000th they gained 0·015.

[1241]. Sometimes, however, a minute trace of white powder is attached to the bottom of the glass wherever the lead touches it. This is carbonate of lead at first, and afterwards a mixture like that described in the text.

[1242]. Mr. Morson in Pharmaceutic Journal, ii. 355.

[1243]. On Spring Waters, p. 23.

[1244]. Tronchin de Col. Pict. 66.—1757.

[1245]. De la Colique Métallique, 99, from Wanstroostwyk de l’Electricité Médicale, p. 224.

[1246]. Appendix to Dr. Scudamore’s Analysis of the Mineral Water of Tunbridge, p. 51.

[1247]. Some effect may perhaps be also owing to a difference between the proportion of saline matter contained in the water of the Crawley spring, which has been introduced into the city since Dr. Thomson resided here, and the proportion in the water with which the city was at that time supplied, I am not aware, however, of the difference between them, or that any material difference does exist.

[1248]. Trans. of London College of Physicians, ii. 400.

[1249]. Hints on a mode of procuring Soft Water at Tunbridge—Journal of Science, xiv. 352.

[1250]. Scudamore’s Pamphlet—Appendix—passim.

[1251]. Ibidem, p. 47.

[1252]. Edinburgh Royal Society Transactions, xv. 265.

[1253]. On Spring Waters, p. 14.

[1254]. Ibidem, 116.

[1255]. De la Colique Métallique, p. 98.

[1256]. Dr. Duncan’s Medical Commentaries, xix. 313.

[1257]. Comment. ad Boerhaave. § 1060, T. iii. 347. Edit. Lugd. Batav. 1753.

[1258]. Scudamore on the Analysis of Tunbridge Water, Appendix, 51, 53.

[1259]. Rozier. Observations sur la Physique, xiii. 145.

[1260]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1842, xxvii. 111.

[1261]. Ann. de Chim. lvii. 82.

[1262]. Zoonomia, ii. 130.

[1263]. Trans. of London College of Physicians, iii. 227.

[1264]. On the Diseases of the Army in Jamaica, p. 269.

[1265]. Philosophical Magazine, liv. 229.

[1266]. Trans. of London College of Physicians, i. 216.

[1267]. On the Cause of the Endemical Colic of Devonshire. Transactions of the London Coll. of Phys., i. ii. and iii.

[1268]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1842, xxvii. 104.

[1269]. Elements of Medical Jurisprudence, ii. 319.

[1270]. Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, 1827, xiii. 151.

[1271]. Mérat de la Colique Métallique.

[1272]. Diss. Inaug. sur la Collique de Madrid. Analyzed in Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, xxxiv. 208.

[1273]. Hohnbaum, &c. p. 157.

[1274]. Geschichte der Mineralischen Gifte, 194.

[1275]. Note in an Essay by his Son,—Ueber Vergiftung durch Käse. Horn’s Archiv. 1828, i. 83.

[1276]. Gmelin’s Geschichte der Mineralischen Gifte, 216.

[1277]. Cockelius, Acta, &c. Dec. i. An. iv. Obs. 30. Brunnerus, Ibidem, Obs. 92. Vicarius, Ibidem, Obs. 100. Riselius, Ibidem, Dec. i. An. v. Obs. 251.

[1278]. Paris and Fonblanque’s Med. Jurisprudence, ii. 347.

[1279]. De la Colique Métallique, 212.

[1280]. Toxicologie Gén. i. 616.

[1281]. Dr. Macculloch on the Art of Wine-making, in Edin. Horticultural Mem. i. 134.

[1282]. Sur les Vins lithargyriés Mém. de l’Académie, 1787, p. 280.

[1283]. Journal Gén. de Médecine, xliv. 321.

[1284]. Edin. Medical and Surgical Journal, viii. 213.

[1285]. Dehaen, Ratio Medendi, P. x. c. viii. § 1.

[1286]. Repertory of Arts, First Series, viii. 262.

[1287]. Trans. of Lond. Med. Society, i., or Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, viii. 211.

[1288]. The precipitate formed by the acetate of lead with albumen is dissolved by nitric acid. From that formed with milk the acid removes the oxide of lead entirely, leaving the casein.

[1289]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, 339.

[1290]. Toxicologie Générale, i. 630.

[1291]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, lvii. 117.

[1292]. Journal de Physiologie, i. 284.

[1293]. Diss. Inaug. p. 27.

[1294]. De Effectibus liquidorum in vias aëriferas, &c. p. 43.

[1295]. De effectu plumbi in organismo animali sano, &c. auctore Carol. Wibmer. Monachii, 1829, p. 29.

[1296]. Treatise on Poisons, Edition 1836, p. 509.

[1297]. Bulletin de l’Académie Roy. de Méd. 1840, vi. 283, and Toxicologie Gén. 1843, i. 668, 684.

[1298]. Journal de Chim. Med. 1842, 344.

[1299]. Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1841, vi. 175.

[1300]. Archives Gén. de Médecine, liv. 106.

[1301]. London Med. Chir. Trans., 1842, xxv. 115.

[1302]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xx. 463, xxiv. 180.

[1303]. Ibidem, xxi. 164.

[1304]. L’Experience, Avril 27, 1843.

[1305]. Toxicologie Gén. 1843, i. 670.

[1306]. Arch. Gén. de Médecine, xix. 328.

[1307]. Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine.

[1308]. Krüger in Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xi. 535.

[1309]. Lancet, 1838, i. 786.

[1310]. Toxicologie Gén. i. 690.

[1311]. Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 189.

[1312]. Experimental Inquiry on Iodine, p. 140.

[1313]. London Medical Gazette, v. 538.

[1314]. Lond. Med. Repos. N. S. vi. 368.

[1315]. Comment. 1060, T. iii. p 347. Editio Dan Barbari.

[1316]. Trans. Coll. Phys. London, iii. 426.

[1317]. Journal Universel, xx. 351.

[1318]. Bulletin de la Soc. Roy. de Méd. 1840, vi. 283.

[1319]. Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, p. 186.

[1320]. London Medical Repository, 1824, N. S. iii. 37.

[1321]. Edinburgh, Phys. and Lit. Essays, i.

[1322]. Traité des Maladies de Plomb. 1843.

[1323]. London Medical Gazette, 1839–40, 1, 687.

[1324]. Mérat de la Colique Métallique, 51.

[1325]. Ibid., p. 55.

[1326]. Tronchin de Colica Pictonum. Genevæ, 1757.

[1327]. Archives Gén. de Médecine, liv. 111.

[1328]. Louis, Recherches Pathologiques

[1329]. London Medical Gazette, 1837–38, ii. 158.

[1330]. British Annals of Medicine, i. 145.

[1331]. London Med.-Chir. Transactions, xxii. 82.

[1332]. Lancet, 1838–39, i. 65.

[1333]. Reports of Medical Cases, p. 394.

[1334]. Lambe on Spring Waters, p. 71.

[1335]. Hufeland’s Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, Mars, 1839.

[1336]. Archives Gén. de Médecine, liv. 106.

[1337]. Transactions of London Coll. of Phys. i. 236, 301, 304.

[1338]. Annali Universali di Medicina, 1837, iv. 426.

[1339]. Lancet, Dec. 31, 1842.

[1340]. Trans. of Lond. Coll. Phys. i. 311.

[1341]. Ibid. iii. 435.

[1342]. Archives Gén. de Médecine, 1838, i. 353.

[1343]. Ibid., liv. 106.

[1344]. London Medical Gazette, April, 1843.

[1345]. On the Poison of Lead, p. 22.

[1346]. De la Colique Métallique.

[1347]. De Colica Pictonum, p. 56.

[1348]. Ibid. p. 65.

[1349]. De la Colique Métallique, p. 23.

[1350]. Journal de Chim. Médicale, 1840, 328.

[1351]. Ibid. passim.

[1352]. Calcineur,—a calciner of gypsum, I believe.

[1353]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xix. 23, xxv. 543, xxviii. 226.

[1354]. Journal Universel, xx. 353.

[1355]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxi. 149.

[1356]. Corvisart’s Journ. de Médecine.

[1357]. British Annals of Medicine, i. 205.

[1358]. De la Colique Métallique, p 213.

[1359]. Trans. of Lond. Med. Society, 1810, or Edin. Med. and Surg. Jour. viii. 211.

[1360]. Tronchin de Colica Pict. p. 117.

[1361]. De effectibus liquidorum ad vias aërif. applic. p. 43.

[1362]. British Annals of Medicine, i. 205.

[1363]. Trans. of Lond. Coll. of Physicians, i. 469.

[1364]. Trans. of Lond. Coll. Phys. i. 317.

[1365]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxviii. 234.

[1366]. London Med. Chir. Transactions, 1839, xxii. 87.

[1367]. Traité des Maladies de Plomb, 1839, and Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1842, xxviii. 232.

[1368]. Trans. of London Coll. of Phys., ii. 83.

[1369]. Transactions Médicales, 1832, or, Annales d’Hygiène, 1841, xxv. 463, and xxvi. 543.

[1370]. Annales d’Hygiène, xxv. 466.

[1371]. Clark, in Edin. Med. Comment, xi. 102. Berger, in Horn’s Archiv für Mediz. Erfahrung, xi. 344. London Med. and Phys. Journ. xxvi. 46.

[1372]. Ratio Medendi, P. I. c. ix. de Variis.

[1373]. Trans. of London Coll. of Phys. ii. 457.

[1374]. Ed. Phys. and Lit. Ess. i. 521.

[1375]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxv. 466.

[1376]. Archives Gén de Médecine, xli. 136.

[1377]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xv. 22.

[1378]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xv. 36.

[1379]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xix. 14.

[1380]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique. 1842, xxviii. 217.

[1381]. Philosophical Transactions, 1812, p. 218.

[1382]. Toxicologie Gén. i. 208.

[1383]. Versuche über die Wirkungen, &c.

[1384]. Diss. Inaug. de effectibus liquidorum ad vias aërif. applic. p. 30.

[1385]. Nicholson’s Journal, First Series, i. 529.

[1386]. Ed. Med. and Surg. Journ., lvi. 114.

[1387]. Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. i. 213.

[1388]. Observations sur la Strontiane. Ann. de Chimie, xxi. 119.

[1389]. Diss. Inaug. de venenis Mineralibus, p. 31.

[1390]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1842, xxix. 425.

[1391]. Ibidem, xxviii. 216.

[1392]. Journal of Science, iv. 382.

[1393]. Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, 1835, xxx. 1.

[1394]. Medical Commentaries, xix. 267.

[1395]. London Medical Gazette, 1833–34, ii. 487.

[1396]. Parkes’s Chemical Essays, ii. 219.

[1397]. Essay on Poisons, p. 143.

[1398]. Toxicologie Gén. i. 216.

[1399]. Observations sur la Strontiane, Annales de Chimie, xxi. 119.

[1400]. Versuche über die Wirkungen, &c.

[1401]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Jour. lvi. 113.

[1402]. Toxicol. Gén. i. passim.

[1403]. Supplement to Dr. Duncan’s Dispensatory, p. 53.

[1404]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, vi. 175.

[1405]. Ibidem, xxxvii. 203.

[1406]. Toxicologie Gén. i. 710.

[1407]. Edin Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 341.

[1408]. Phil. Trans. 1760, li. 662.

[1409]. Journal of Science, iii. 51.

[1410]. Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 79.

[1411]. Edin. Med. and Surg Journal, xlix. 488.

[1412]. Toxicol. Gén. i. 712.

[1413]. Toxicol. Gén. i. 713.

[1414]. Archives Gén. de Méd. viii. 615.

[1415]. Journal de Chim. Méd. viii. 671.

[1416]. Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. 714.

[1417]. Botanical Arrangement, ii. 501. Stokes’s Edition.

[1418]. See on this subject Deyeux in Ann. de Chim. lxxiii. 106. Boutron-Charlard et Henri, in Journal de Pharmacie, x. 466. Bussy et Lecanu, ibid. xii. 481.

[1419]. Tractatus de Venenis in Opp. I. i. 308, quoted by Marx, die Lehre von den Giften, i. 128.

[1420]. Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 224.

[1421]. Toxicol. Gén. i. 706.

[1422]. Ibidem, i. 715.

[1423]. Mr. Bennet in London Medical Gazette, ix. 7.

[1424]. Med. Facts and Observations, vii. 293.

[1425]. Journal de Pharmacie, xxii. 118.

[1426]. Journ. de Chim. Méd. i. 343.

[1427]. Ibidem, i. 483.

[1428]. Flora Médicale des Antilles, iii. 14.

[1429]. Flore Médicale des Antilles, iii. 27.

[1430]. Landsberg. Therapeutische und Toxikologische Würdigung der Grana Tiglii. Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1831, 565.

[1431]. Journal de Chim. Médicale, 1839, 509.

[1432]. Journal de Pharmacie, iv. 289.

[1433]. Toxicol. Gén. i. 679.

[1434]. Nouv. Bibliothèque Medicale, Mai, 1827, p. 221.

[1435]. Neues Magazin. i. 3, p. 557.

[1436]. Toxicol. Gén. i. 680.

[1437]. Journal de Pharmacie, x. 416.

[1438]. Toxicol. Gén. i. 691.

[1439]. Observat. Medicinales, iv. c. 27, p. 218.

[1440]. Toxicol. Gén. i. 695.

[1441]. London Courier, Sept. 9, 1823.

[1442]. Toxicol. Gén. i. 695.

[1443]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique et de Méd. Lég. viii. 333.

[1444]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxv. 339.

[1445]. Journal of the Royal Institution, i. 532.

[1446]. Toxicol. Gén. i. 754.

[1447]. Toxicologie Gén. i. 754.

[1448]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1836, 273.

[1449]. Histoire des Plantes Vénéneuses de la France, p. 178.

[1450]. Ibidem, 180.

[1451]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxviii. 346.

[1452]. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 17.

[1453]. Historia Stirpium Helvet.

[1454]. Rust’s Magazin für die Gesammte Heilkunde, xx. 451.

[1455]. Ann. de Chim. et de Phys xii. 358.

[1456]. Schweigger’s Journal der Chimie, xxv. 369.

[1457]. Toxicol. Gén. i. 739.

[1458]. Ibidem, 741.

[1459]. Journal de Chim. Méd. v. 567.

[1460]. Toxicol. Gén. i. 703.

[1461]. Lancet, 1837–38, i. 44.

[1462]. Hist. des Plantes Venen. de la Suisse, p. 140.

[1463]. Flora Suecica, No. 338.

[1464]. Withering’s Arrangement, i. 403, Stokes’s Edition.

[1465]. Descourtils. Flora Médicale des Antilles, iii. 57.

[1466]. Buchner’s Repertorium, lxviii. 80.

[1467]. Toxicologie Gén. ii.

[1468]. Horn’s Archiv für Mediz. Erfahrung, 1824, i. 65.

[1469]. Die Wirkung der Arzneim. und Gifte, ii. 388.

[1470]. Acta Curios. Nat. Dec. I. Ann. viii. p. 139.

[1471]. Trial of Webb. Lond. Med. Gaz. xiv. 612. Inquest on Rebecca Cross. Ibidem, 759. Case by Drs. Labatt and Stokes. Dublin Journ. of Med. and Chem. Science, iv. 237.

[1472]. Analysis by Mr. West in the first of these cases.

[1473]. Annali Universali di Medicina, 1839, iii. 41.

[1474]. Toxicol. Gén. i. 744.

[1475]. Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxxvii.

[1476]. Dissertation Inaugurale, quoted in Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. i. 683.

[1477]. Tox. Gén. i. 758. The drug must have been much adulterated, as it very generally is; for half a scruple is an active purgative to man.

[1478]. Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. i. 724.

[1479]. Méd. Légale, iv. 430.

[1480]. Ibid. iv. 431.

[1481]. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, iii. 191.

[1482]. Annales de Chimie, lxxvi.

[1483]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxviii. 347.

[1484]. Revue Medicale, 1828, ii. 475.

[1485]. Toxicol. Gén. ii. 4.

[1486]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 344.

[1487]. Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. ii. 28.

[1488]. Annales de la Med. Physiologique, Octobre, 1829—extracted in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxiv. 214.

[1489]. London Medical Gazette, 1841–42, i. 63.

[1490]. Hufeland’s Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, lii. 2, 112.

[1491]. See an interesting case in Memorie della Soc. Med. di Genova, ii. 1, p. 29.

[1492]. Graaf’s Cases, and Rouquayrol’s.

[1493]. Lib. xxi. des Venins.

[1494]. See the case in Memorie della Soc. Med. di Genova, ii. 1, p. 29.

[1495]. Toxicol. Gén. ii. 23.

[1496]. Hufeland’s Journal, lii. 2, 114.

[1497]. Mem. dell’ Acad. de Torino, 1802–3.

[1498]. Toxicol. Gén. ii. 30.

[1499]. Medizinische-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1834, iv. 298, from American Journal of Medical Science.

[1500]. Taylor’s Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 228.

[1501]. Medical Jurisprudence, 574, from New York Med. and Phys. Journal.

[1502]. Mem. della Soc. Med. di Genova, ii. 1, 29.

[1503]. Report of the Coroner’s Inquest in Standard Newspaper, Jan. 1841.

[1504]. Archiv. für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1834, i. 61–64.

[1505]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxviii. 383.

[1506]. Revue Médicale, 1828, ii. 475.

[1507]. Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xviii. 109.

[1508]. Journal Complémentaire, xviii. 184.

[1509]. Cuvier, Règne Animal, v. 63.

[1510]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, iv. 393.

[1511]. Memoirs of the London Medical Society, v. 94.

[1512]. Edin. Philos. Journal., i. 194.

[1513]. Lond. Med. Repository, iii. 445.

[1514]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxix. 86.

[1515]. Toxicol. Gén. ii. 37.

[1516]. Médecine Légale, iv. 85.

[1517]. 1er Mars, 1812; 1er Octobre, 1812; 21 Mars, 1813; Avril, 1813.

[1518]. De Mytilorum quorundam veneno,—Acta Physico-Medica Acad.—Cæsareo-Leopoldino-Carol. &c. 1744. Appendix, p. 124.

[1519]. De Mytilorum, &c. p. 115.

[1520]. Edin Med. and Surg. Journal, xxix. 88.

[1521]. Voyage of Discovery, ii. 285.

[1522]. Orfila, Toxic. Gén. ii. 44.

[1523]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xvii. 360.

[1524]. De Mytilorum, &c. p. 117, 121, 124.

[1525]. Toxicol. Gén. ii. 45.

[1526]. De Mytilorum, &c. p 134.

[1527]. Journal de Pharmacie, v. 25, from Essai Medical sur les huitres.

[1528]. London Med. Repository, xiii. 58.

[1529]. Trans. London Coll. of Phys. v. 109.

[1530]. Journal de Pharmacie, v. 509.

[1531]. For a severe case, not fatal, occurring in Kent, see London Medical Gazette, xii. 464.

[1532]. Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xx. 155.

[1533]. Bulletins des Sciences Medicales, x. 92.

[1534]. Ibidem, xx. 195.

[1535]. Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, 1829, ii. iv. 120.

[1536]. Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxxii. 361.

[1537]. Robineau-Devoidy in Archives Gén. de Méd. xxi. 626.

[1538]. Giornale di Fisica. ix. 458, and Meckel’s Archiv für Anat. und Physiol. iii. 639.

[1539]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xviii.; Phil. Trans. 1810.

[1540]. Wibmer, Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 200.

[1541]. Journal de Médecine, 1765.

[1542]. Gazette de Santé, 1776.

[1543]. Archives Gén. de Médecine, xi. 30.

[1544]. Trans. of Med. and Phys. Soc. of Calcutta, iv. 442.

[1545]. Histoire d’une Maladie très-singulière, &c. in Hist. de l’Académie des Sciences, 1766, i. 97.

[1546]. London Med. and Phys. Journal, lvii. 342.

[1547]. Dr. Duncan’s Cases of Diffuse Inflammation of the cellular texture—in Edin. Med. Chirurg. Trans. i. 455, 470, 1824. Also,

[1548]. Mr. Travers on Constitutional Irritation, 1826.

[1549]. Rust’s Magazin, xxiv. 490. Also Annali Univ. di Med. 1811, iii. 449.

[1550]. Ibidem, xxv. 108.

[1551]. Kopp’s Jahrbuch, v. 67, and vi. 95.

[1552]. Rust’s Magazin, xxv. 105.

[1553]. Revue Médicale, 1827, ii. 488.

[1554]. Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, liv. iii. 62.

[1555]. Magazin der Ausländischen Literatur, iii. 460, v. 168.

[1556]. I have taken the liberty of applying this term to an establishment unique perhaps in the history of the world. The Voirie et Chantier d’Ecarrissage of Montfaucon, which has existed close to the walls of Paris for several centuries, is an enclosure of many acres, where the contents of the necessaries of the city are collected in enormous pits, and where horses, dogs, and cats are flayed to the amount of forty or fifty thousand annually. The fat is melted for blowpipe lamps; the bones are in a great measure burnt on the premises for fuel; the intestines are made into coarse gut for machinery; the flesh, blood, and garbage are heaped to putrefy for manure; and in summer a bed of compost is spread to breed maggots for feeding poultry. There is no drain. Description cannot convey an idea of the stench. The committee of the Board of Health, appointed to make inquiries into the best mode of abating the nuisance, in vain attempted to penetrate into the place. Yet the workmen and their families are stout, healthy, and long lived.

[1557]. Des Chantiers d’Ecarrissage. Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. viii. 139. Sur l’enfouissement des Animaux morts de maladies contagieuses. Ibid. ix. 109.

[1558]. Journal de Physiologie, ii. 1, and iii. 81.

[1559]. Journal des Progrès des Sciences Médicales, 1827, vi. 181.

[1560]. Journal de Physiologie, iii. 85.

[1561]. De divers accidens graves occasionnés par les miasmes d’animaux en putréfaction. Mém. de la Soc. de Med. i. 97.—London Med. Chirurg. Review, vi. 202.

[1562]. Annales d’Hyg. Publique et de Med. Légale, vii. 216.

[1563]. Ibidem, viii. and ix. ut supra.

[1564]. Dr. Duncan, Edin. Med. Chirurg. Trans. i. 502 and 520.

[1565]. Neue Beobachtungen über die Vergiftungen durch dens genuss geraücherten Würste. Tübingen, 1820.—Das Fettgift, oder die Fettsaüre, und ihre Wirkungen auf den thierischen Organismus. Tübingen, 1822.

[1566]. De Veneni Botulini viribus et natura. Diss. Inaug. Berolini, 1828.

[1567]. De Veneno in Botulis. Commentatio in certamine lit. a gratioso Med. Ord. Berol. Præmio ornata, 1828. Analyzed by Dr. Arrowsmith in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxiii. 28.

[1568]. Horn’s Archiv, 1828, i. 558.

[1569]. Röser, in London Med. Gazette, 1842–43, i. 271.

[1570]. Weiss, die neuste Vergift. durch Verdorbene Würste, &c. mit Vorrede und Anhang begleitet, von Dr. J. Kerner. Carlsruhe, 1821.

[1571]. Horn’s Archiv, 1828, i. 596.

[1572]. Toxicologie, Zweite Auff. 1829, p. 136.

[1573]. Das Wurst-fett-gift. oder neue Untersuchung, &c. Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1829, i. 30 and 75.

[1574]. Hufeland’s Journal, lvii. 2, 106.

[1575]. Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxi. 247.

[1576]. Die Chemische Ausmittelung des Käsegifts. Horn’s Archiv, 1827, i. 203.

[1577]. Ueber die Vergiftung durch Käse. Horn’s Archiv, 1828, i. 65.

[1578]. Ann. de Chimie et de Physique, xxxvi. 159.

[1579]. Archives Gén. xv. 460.

[1580]. Rust’s Magazin, xxvii. 193.

[1581]. Horn’s Archiv. 1828, i. 76.

[1582]. Rust’s Magazin, xvi. 111.

[1583]. London Medical and Physical Journal, xlvi. 68.

[1584]. Orfila, Médecine-Légale, ii. 322.

[1585]. Archives Gén. de Méd.

[1586]. Journ. de Chim. Méd. viii. 726.

[1587]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxi. 234.

[1588]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xx. 413.

[1589]. Journal de Chimie Med. 1842, 872.

[1590]. Journal of the Institution, ii. 414, from Hufeland Journal.

[1591]. Bulletins des Sciences Méd. xx. 197.

[1592]. London Med. Gazette, xiv. 656.

[1593]. London Med. Repository, Third Series, iii. 372.

[1594]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xlvi. 293.

[1595]. London Medical and Physical Journal, xxxv. 100.

[1596]. Observations on Surgery. 276.

[1597]. London Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, xii. 52.

[1598]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxi. 188.

[1599]. Sur les Blessures par armes de guerre, i. 82. Also, Lond. Med. Gaz. 1838–39, ii 799.

[1600]. London Med. Gazette, 1836–37, ii. 275.

[1601]. Ueber den Selbstmord, p. 168, from Schmucker’s Vermischte Chirurgische Schriften.

[1602]. Diss. Inaug., Paris, 1810. Analyzed in Sedillot’s Journal de Méd. xxxix. 331.

[1603]. Saggi scient. e litter. dell’ Acad. di Padova, T. iii. P. ii. p. 1, quoted in Marx, die Lehre von den Giften, I. ii. 196.

[1604]. Meyan, Causes Célèbres. Edit. 2, 1808. T. ii. 324, quoted by Marx, die Lehre von den Giften, I. ii. 298.

[1605]. Ann. d’Hyg. Pub. et de Méd. Lég. iii. 365.

[1606]. Midland Medical and Surgical Reporter, i. 47, 1828.

[1607]. Instruction sur le Traitement des Asphyxiés, &c. p. 118.

[1608]. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxii. 233.

[1609]. Arch. Gén. de Méd. xiii. 372.

[1610]. London Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, xii. 1.

[1611]. Philosophical Transactions, xlix. 477, 483.

[1612]. Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxi. 549.

[1613]. Annales de Hygiène Publique, 1842, xxvii. 397.

[1614]. London Med. Gazette, 1837–38, i. 177.

[1615]. London Courier, Oct. 1, 1828.

[1616]. London Med. Gazette, 1839–40, i. 559.

[1617]. Journal de Chim. Méd. vi. 265.

[1618]. Ibidem, vi. 458.

[1619]. Archives Gén. de Méd. xxi. 616, or Journ. de Chim. Méd. v. 621, and vi. 63.

[1620]. Journal de Pharmacie, xvi. 322, or Journ. de Chim. Méd. vi. 263.

[1621]. Annales d’Hyg. Publique et de Méd. Légale, viii. 25.

[1622]. Journal de Chim. Med. iv. 275.

[1623]. Annales d’Hyg. Publique et de Med. Légale, i. 235.

[1624]. Dictionnaire de Méd. et Chirurg. Pratiques, v. 124.

[1625]. Recherches sur l’Apoplexie, p. 70.

[1626]. Beiträge zur Gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, iii. 40.

[1627]. London Medical and Physical Journal, xlvii. 181.

[1628]. Recherches sur l’Apoplexie, 212.

[1629]. Ibidem, p. 214.

[1630]. Instances of congestive apoplexy thus arising were then quoted. I may here add a very apposite instance of hemorrhagic apoplexy, occurring in similar circumstances. Dr. Jennings, an American physician, mentions the case of a female fifty years of age, who, after a full meal, tumbled down in a fit of insensibility and immediately expired, and in whom after death there was found enormous distension of the stomach with food, an extensive effusion of blood into the central parts of the brain, and ossification of the cerebral arteries. (London Med. Gazette, xvi. 735.)

[1631]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xx. 170.

[1632]. Rochoux, Recherches sur l’Apoplexie, 66.

[1633]. Recherches sur le Ramollissement du Cerveau, p. 150.

[1634]. Pathological and Practical Researches on Diseases of the Brain, p. 210.

[1635]. Recherches Pathologiques, 460, 466, and 472.

[1636]. Archives Gén. de Méd. xxiii. 260.

[1637]. Journal de Médecine, xiii. 315.

[1638]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxii. 262.

[1639]. London Med. Gazette, xi. 777.

[1640]. Recherches sur le Ramollissement du Cerveau, p. 133 and 135.

[1641]. Pathological Researches, 214.

[1642]. Beiträge zur gerichtl. Arzneik. ii. 61, iii. 42, iv. 42.

[1643]. Reports of Medical Cases, ii. 240, 242, 244.

[1644]. Pathological Researches, 216.

[1645]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1841, xxvi. 399.

[1646]. Article Epilepsie in Dictionnaire de Médecine, viii. 209.

[1647]. Diction. de Med. xii. 512.

[1648]. Georget, in loco cit. 212.

[1649]. The body in this case was not examined.

[1650]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, x. 40.

[1651]. Esquirol, Dict. des Sciences Méd. xii. 528.

[1652]. Corvisart’s Journ. de Méd. xiii. 315, and xl. 81; also Prost, la Médecine éclairée par l’ouverture des cadavres, ii. 382, 389, 394.

[1653]. Nouveau Journal de Médecine, ii. 269.

[1654]. Journal Hebdomadaire et Universel, iv. 366.

[1655]. Portal, Observations sur la nature et le traitement de l’Epilepsie, p. 65 and 67.

[1656]. Memorie della Soc. Méd. di Genova, i. 89.

[1657]. Portal, passim.

[1658]. On Diseases of the Brain and Spine, Cases 18, 19, 20.

[1659]. On Chronic Inflammation of the Brain, Ed. Med. and Surg. Journal, xiv.

[1660]. Reports of Medical Cases, ii. 14, 15.

[1661]. Lancet, 1838–39, ii. 236.

[1662]. On Diseases of the Brain and Spine, Cases 16 and 17.

[1663]. Recherches sur le Ramollissement de Cerveau, 1819, 1823.

[1664]. Recherches Anat. Pathol. sur l’Encephale. 1820.

[1665]. See also Dr. Abercrombie on Diseases of the Brain and Spinal Cord, p. 71.

[1666]. Opera varia, Venetiis, 1739.—De Mortibus Subitaneis, p. 12.

[1667]. London Medical Repository, N. S. ii. 318.

[1668]. Recherches Anatomico-Pathologiques, 313.

[1669]. Laennec, Revue Médicale, 1828, iv. Dance, Répertoire Gén. d’Anatomie Pathologique, vi. 197.

[1670]. On the Diseases of the Brain and Spinal Cord, Case 132.

[1671]. Ibidem, Case 131. Ollivier, Traité de la moelle épinière, Obs. 42.

[1672]. Abercrombie, Case 138.

[1673]. London Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, i. 157.

[1674]. Recherches sur l’Apoplexie, p. 159.

[1675]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xx. 173.

[1676]. Archives Gén. de Med. 1838, i. 40.

[1677]. Archives Gén. xiv. 406.

[1678]. London Medical Gazette, viii. 47.

[1679]. Lancet, July 31, 1841.

[1680]. Elements of Materia Medica, 1842, p. 1738.

[1681]. London Medical Gazette, xviii. 930.

[1682]. Serullas Journ. de Chim. Méd. vi.

[1683]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxv. 331.

[1684]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, 2te Reihe, xxxii. 104.

[1685]. Procès de Castaing, p. 113.

[1686]. Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. xxv. 102.

[1687]. Toxicol. Gén. ii. 60.

[1688]. Orfila, Tox. Gén. 1813, ii. 254.

[1689]. Reports of Medical Cases, ii. 203.

[1690]. Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxxi. 174.—Professor Orfila, in the last edition of his Toxicologie Gén. [1843, ii. 253], has attacked in no very measured terms this opinion of Professor Buchner and myself. But, although he professes to give a literal translation of the passage above, he has translated it so incorrectly as wholly to misrepresent our opinion. The close of the paragraph, “chemical analysis must often fail to detect opium where there could be no doubt of its having been administered in large quantity,” is rendered into French by the Parisian Professor in these words,—“l’analyse chimique, propre à constater l’existence de l’opium, est souvent inutile, même dans le cas ou il existe une grande quantité de cette substance,”—which is a very different proposition. Orfila clearly overrates the utility of the process for detecting opium, both in this criticism and in his whole observations on the subject, by losing sight of the tendency of absorption to remove the poison beyond reach.

[1691]. Bombay Med. Phys. Transactions, i. 322.

[1692]. Die Verdauung nach Versuchen, &c.

[1693]. Journal of Science, N. S. vi. 56.

[1694]. Dr. Pereira states that he is obliged to differ from me upon this important subject for he “has several times obtained from the stomach of subjects in the dissecting-room a liquor which reddened the salts of iron” (Elements of Materia Medica, p. 1741). This fact, however, does not exactly touch the question. The reddening must be occasioned, not in the crude fluid, but with a substance obtained by the process of analysis for detecting meconic acid in complex organic mixtures,—otherwise the proposition in the text stands good.

[1695]. Experiments on Opium. Appendix to Treatise on Febrile Diseases, vi. 697.

[1696]. Edin. Lit. and Phys. Essays, iii. 309.

[1697]. Monro, Ibidem, 331, and Philip, ut supra, p. 680.

[1698]. Toxicol. Gén. ii. 77.

[1699]. Monro, Edin. Phys. and Lit. Essays, ii. 335, 324.—Charret, Revue Médicale, 1827, i. 515.

[1700]. On the Operation of Poisonous Agents on the Living Body, passim.

[1701]. Revue Médicale, 1827, i. 514.

[1702]. Archives Gén. vii. 558.

[1703]. Arch. Gén. i. 150.

[1704]. Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. 1824, xxv, 102.

[1705]. Journ. de Chim. Méd. 1841, 488.

[1706]. Narrative of a Visit to the Court of Sinde, p. 231.

[1707]. Rust’s Magazin, iii. 24.

[1708]. Archives Gén. vii. 550.

[1709]. Journal Universel, xix. 340.

[1710]. American Medical Recorder, xiii. 418, from Gemeinsame Deutsche Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe, 1826, i. 1.

[1711]. Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, xvi. 22.

[1712]. Lond. Med. and Phys. Journal, xlix. 119.

[1713]. De Usu Opii, iv. 149.

[1714]. Journal Universel, xix. 340.

[1715]. London Med. and Phys. Journal, xxxi. 468.

[1716]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, vii. 305.

[1717]. Reports of Medical Cases, ii. 205, 206.

[1718]. Journal de Médecine, xvi. 21.

[1719]. Arch. Gén. vii. 552.

[1720]. London Med. Chir. Trans. i. 77.

[1721]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journ. xiv. 603.

[1722]. Journ. Universel, xix. 340.

[1723]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, vii.

[1724]. Journ. Universel, xix. 340.

[1725]. Melier in Archives Gén. de Méd. xiv. 406.

[1726]. Corvisart’s Journ. de Méd. xvi. 21.

[1727]. Lancet, 1836–37, i. 271.

[1728]. Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 93.

[1729]. Ollivier’s case in Arch. Gén. vii. 550.

[1730]. Corv. Journ. de Méd. xxxiv. 274.

[1731]. Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 94, 100.

[1732]. Archives Gén. de Méd. li. 495.

[1733]. These effects must not be confounded with those which poppy-juice has been known to cause when spoiled. A whole family of Jews were attacked with violent vomiting and purging, in consequence of partaking of a decoction of poppy-heads, which had been kept four days in a hot stove, and had consequently undergone decomposition. The usual narcotism was not produced at all. (Rust’s Magazin, xxii. 484.)

[1734]. Mém. de l’Acad. des Sciences, xxxviii. 1735.

[1735]. Toxicol Gén. from Bibliothèque Médicale, Août, 1806.

[1736]. Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, iv. 3.

[1737]. Nouveaux Elémens de Thérapeutique, ii. 60.

[1738]. London Med. and Phys. Journal, xxviii. 81. This patient took at 4 A.M. two ounces of wine of opium, became drowsy at 6, was capable of being roused at 9, vomited by emetics a liquid coloured with laudanum, and was kept awake for the rest of the day. But at 7 P.M. having previously had a cough and brown sputa from vinegar entering his windpipe, he became gradually more and more insensible, till at last he was quite comatose; and in this state he continued till his death on the evening of the third day. On dissection nothing was found in the brain or stomach attributable to opium.

[1739]. London Med. and Phys. Journal, xxxi. 468.

[1740]. Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 85.

[1741]. Mémoires de l’Institut—Sc. Physiques, ii. 107.

[1742]. Practisches Handbuch für Physiker, iii. 329.

[1743]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, liv. 151.

[1744]. Paris and Fonblanque’s Medical Jurisprudence, ii. 388.

[1745]. Lancet, 1837–38, i. 304.

[1746]. Pyl’s Repert. für die gerichtl. Arzneiwissenschaft, iii. 145.

[1747]. See, for example, Parent-Duchatelet and D’Arcet on the health and longevity of Tobacco-manufacturers and Woodfloaters, in Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. l. 169, and iii. 245.

[1748]. Voyages en Perse, iii. 93.

[1749]. Narrative of a Visit to the Court of Sinde, p. 230.

[1750]. Two Years in China, 1843, p. 243.

[1751]. Narrative, &c. p. 231.

[1752]. Edin. Medical and Surgical Journal, xxxvii. 123.

[1753]. Journal de Chimie Méd. iii. 24.

[1754]. Toxicologie Gén. ii. 81, 82.

[1755]. Journal de Chim. Méd. vii. 250.

[1756]. Ibidem, 1842, 583.

[1757]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, Avril, 1827, and Edin. Med. Journ. xxix. 450.

[1758]. Ibidem, vii. 114.

[1759]. Bulletins de la Société Philomatique, 1818, p. 54:—Journal de Chimie Médicale, Avril, 1827.

[1760]. Annali Universali di Med. xxxi. 169, xxxiv. 100.

[1761]. Journal de Chim. Méd. v. 410.

[1762]. Mém. de la Soc. Roy. de Médecine, i. 142.

[1763]. Journal de Chim. Méd. vii. 135.

[1764]. Revue Médicale, 1829, iii. 424.

[1765]. Procés Complet d’Edme-Samuel Castaing, p. 31.

[1766]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, lvi. 296.

[1767]. Toxicol. Gén. ii. 70.

[1768]. Traité de Médecine Légale, iii. 353.

[1769]. Ibidem, iii. 356.

[1770]. Toxicol. Générale, ii. 70.

[1771]. Meckel’s Archiv für Anat. und Physiol. xiv. 19.

[1772]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxxvi. 204.

[1773]. Journal de Chim. Méd. ix. 223.

[1774]. Bachner’s Toxicologie, p. 203.

[1775]. Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, xiv. 456.

[1776]. Toxicologie Générale, ii. 86.

[1777]. Krit, Annalen der Staatsarzn. I. iii. 501.

[1778]. Reports of Medical Cases, ii. 203.

[1779]. Lond. Med. and Phys. Journal, Feb. 1816.

[1780]. Magazin für die Gesammte Heilkunde, xvii. 121.

[1781]. Kritische Jahrbücher, ii. 100. When inflammation is found, it is not improbably owing to irritants given to produce vomiting, but failing to act. This was apparently the cause in a case described by Mr. Stanley, Trans. London Coll. of Phys. vi. 414.

[1782]. Journ. de Méd. xxxiv. 267.

[1783]. The reference to this case has been lost.

[1784]. Augustin’s Repertorium, i. 2, 12.

[1785]. Medical Jurisprudence, ii. 394.

[1786]. Kritische Jahrbücher, ii. 100.

[1787]. Praktisches Handbuch für Physiker, iii. 331.

[1788]. Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, xxxiv. 263.

[1789]. Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, iii. 24.

[1790]. Oral evidence at the Trial, also London Journal of Science, N. S. vi. 56.

[1791]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, liv. 151.

[1792]. Revue Médicale, 1828, ii. 473, 475.

[1793]. Sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsénic, 93.

[1794]. Beck’s Medical Jurisprudence, 435.

[1795]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxiii. 416.

[1796]. American Journal of the Med. Sciences, vii. 555.

[1797]. London Med. Repository, xviii. 26.

[1798]. London Med. and Phys. Journal, xlviii. 225.

[1799]. Reports of Medical Cases, ii. 203.

[1800]. Diss. Inaug. de Venenis in genere. Argentorati, 1767, quoted by Marx, die Lehre von den Giften, I. ii. 237.

[1801]. London Med. Gazette, 1839–40, i. 878.

[1802]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 247.

[1803]. Ibidem, xvii. 226.

[1804]. London Medical Gazette, xiv. 655.

[1805]. Lond. Med. Gaz., 1840–41, i. 390.

[1806]. London Med. Obs. and Inq., vi. 331.

[1807]. North American Med. and Surg. Journal, July 1826.

[1808]. London Med. and Chir. Transactions, xx. 86.

[1809]. Toxicol. Gén. ii. 110.

[1810]. Le Globe, vii. 525. Août, 1829.

[1811]. London Medical Gazette, 1840–41, i. 318.

[1812]. Annalen der Pharmacie, 1833, vii. 270.

[1813]. Edinburgh Medical and Surg. Journal, xxxix. 381.

[1814]. Orfila, Médecine-Légale, iii. 374.

[1815]. Orfila, Toxicologie Gén. ii. 137.

[1816]. Pharmaceutic Journal, 1843–44, 578.

[1817]. Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. ii. 137.

[1818]. Archives Gén. de Méd. i. 297.

[1819]. Corvisart’s Journal de Méd. xxvi. 353.

[1820]. On the Poisonous Vegetables of Great Britain, p. 3.

[1821]. Foderé, Médecine-Légale, iv. 25.

[1822]. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, iii. 154.

[1823]. Acta Curiosorum Naturæ. Also Wibmer, Die Wirkung, &c. 146–154.

[1824]. Toxicologia, p. 87.

[1825]. Neues Magazin, ii. 3, p. 100.

[1826]. Foderé, Médecine-Légale, iv. 23. For another instance of the effects of the seeds, not however fatal, see Acta Helvetica, v. 333.

[1827]. Edin. Phys. and Lit. Essays, ii. 268.

[1828]. Medoro in Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, lv. 265.

[1829]. Toxicol. Gén. ii. 184.

[1830]. Dr. Schlegel, in Hufeland’s Journal, liv. ii. 29.

[1831]. Histoire des Solanum. 1813.

[1832]. Annales d’Hyg. Publique et de Méd. Légale, viii. 334.

[1833]. Toxicol. Gén. ii. 190.

[1834]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, 142.

[1835]. Dunal, &c.

[1836]. M. Des-Alleurs in Journ. de Chim. Méd. ii. 30.

[1837]. Bulletins de la Soc. Méd. d’Emul.—Mars, 1821.

[1838]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1837, 130.

[1839]. Journal de Pharmacie, xx. 96.

[1840]. Revue Médicale, xvii. 265.

[1841]. Schubarth in Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, li. i. 125.

[1842]. Fechner’s Repertorium der Organischen Chemie, ii. 70, 75.

[1843]. Codex Medicamentarius, 389.

[1844]. Archives Gén. de Médecine, xx. 386.

[1845]. Archives Gén de Méd. xx. 386.

[1846]. Chevallier, Annales d’Hygiène Publique, &c. ix. 337.

[1847]. Archives Gén. de Méd. xx. 387.

[1848]. Journ. de Chim. Méd. ii. 561.

[1849]. Médecine-Légale, iii. 385.

[1850]. Journal de Pharmacie, 1837, p. 27.

[1851]. Ann. de Chim. et de Phys., xxvii. 200.

[1852]. Hufeland’s Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, lii. i. 92.

[1853]. Journal de Chim. Méd. vi. 723.

[1854]. Ibidem, 1843, 94.

[1855]. Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. vi. 347.

[1856]. Lancet, 1836–37, ii. 324.

[1857]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 339.

[1858]. Annales de Chimie, xcii. 59.

[1859]. Diss. Inaug. de Venenatis Acidi Borussici in Animalia effectibus. Tubingæ, 1805.

[1860]. Recherches et Considérations sur l’Acide Hydrocyanique. Paris, 1819.

[1861]. Journal Complémentaire, xxviii. 33.

[1862]. Bemerkungen über die Wirkungen der Blausaure. Hufeland’s Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, lii. 88.

[1863]. Bemerkungen, &c. 85.

[1864]. Recherches, &c. p. 136.

[1865]. Bemerkungen, &c. 81.

[1866]. Ibid. 82.

[1867]. Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. vi.

[1868]. Recherches, &c. 146.

[1869]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 339.

[1870]. Bemerkungen, &c. 83.

[1871]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 39.

[1872]. Krimer detected the acid in the blood of the heart of an animal killed in 36 seconds by a few drops put on the tongue. Journ. Complémentaire, xxviii. 37.

[1873]. Lassaigne, Journ. de Chim. Med. ii.

[1874]. Versuche ueber das Nervensystem, 271, quoted by Marx, die Lehre von den giften, I. ii. 154.

[1875]. Ueber das Amerikanische Pfeilgift. Meckel’s Archiv. für Anat. und Physiol. iv. 203.

[1876]. Recherches, &c. 221.

[1877]. Journal de Physiol. iii. 230.

[1878]. Annales d’Hyg. Publique et de Méd. Légale, xi. 240.

[1879]. Journal de Chim. Médicale, 1843, 94.

[1880]. Horn’s Archiv. 1824, i. 75.

[1881]. Edin. Journal of Science, ii. 215.

[1882]. Recherches, &c. 221.

[1883]. Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1827, i. 73.

[1884]. Coullon, 221.

[1885]. Revue Médicale, xvii. 271.

[1886]. Nicholson’s Journal, xxxi. 191.

[1887]. Ueber die giftige Wirkungen der unächten Angustura.— Hufeland’s Journal, xl. iii. 68.

[1888]. Archives Gén. de Méd. iii. 269.

[1889]. Hufeland’s Journal, lii. i. 93.

[1890]. Wibmer. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, iii. 138, from Harless, Jahrbuch der Medizin, ix. 1.

[1891]. Meckel’s Archiv für Anat. und Physiol. vii. 543, 545.

[1892]. Wibmer. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel, &c. iii. 136.

[1893]. Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1830, ii. 858.

[1894]. Recherches, &c. 127.

[1895]. London Med. and Phys. Journal, xlvi. 359 and 363.

[1896]. Journal der Praktischen, Heilkunde, xl. i. 85.

[1897]. Archiv für Mediz. Erfahrung, 1813, 510.

[1898]. Ann. de Chimie, xcii. 63.

[1899]. Revue Médicale, 1825, i. 265.

[1900]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 51.

[1901]. Such as Sobernheim in his Handbuch der Toxicologie, 1838, 455.

[1902]. Medinisch-chirurgische Zeitung, 1829. i. 377.

[1903]. Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Med. Lég. ii. 497.

[1904]. Trial of Freeman for the murder of Judith Buswell at Leicester, April 2, 1829.

[1905]. Professor Amos of the London University, in criticizing in his Lectures what I have said of this case in the first edition of the present work, has accused me of misstating the evidence, and grounds the charge on a Report by a professional Reporter, where no notice is taken of the phial having been wrapped up in paper, or of the bed-clothes having been pulled up to the chin, or of the arms being crossed over the trunk [Lond. Med. Gazette, viii. 577]. I have nevertheless thought it right to retain my original statement of the evidence, as it was derived from what I still consider the best authority,—the medical witness, who mentions the special fact on which he founded the most important, indeed the only important professional opinion in the case, and to which therefore his attention must have been more pointedly turned than that of any Law-Reporter. The Report alluded to by Professor Amos was afterwards published in the Medical Gazette, viii. 759.

[1906]. Medizinisch-chirurgische Zeitung, 1829, i. 396.

[1907]. Buchner’s Repertorium für Pharmacie, xxi. 313.

[1908]. Edinburgh Medical and Surg. Journal, lix. 72.

[1909]. Orfila, Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. i. 507.

[1910]. Dublin Medical Journal, viii. 308.

[1911]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xlviii. 44.

[1912]. Coullon, Recherches, &c. p. 200.

[1913]. Journ. de Chim. Médicale, vii. 426.

[1914]. Handbuch der Toxikologie, 1838, 443.

[1915]. Annales d’Hyg. Publique, &c. xi. 240.

[1916]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1843, 95, 98.

[1917]. See Note at p. 365.

[1918]. Beiträge zur Geschichte der Blausaure, 1809.

[1919]. Journal Complémentaire, xvii. 366.

[1920]. Recherches, &c.

[1921]. Magazin für die ges. Heilkunde, xiv. 104.

[1922]. Magazin für die ges. Heilkunde, xxiii. 375.

[1923]. Bemerkungen, &c. Hufeland’s Journal, lii. i. 76.

[1924]. Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. iv. 422.

[1925]. Rust’s Magazin, xx. 577.

[1926]. Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 251.

[1927]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 52.

[1928]. Archiv für Anatomie und Physiologie, iii. 485, vi. 37.

[1929]. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, li. 53.

[1930]. Lancet, 1838–39, i. 880, and ii. 14.

[1931]. Ut supra, p. 52.

[1932]. Journal Complémentaire, xvii. 366.

[1933]. London Med. and Phys. Journal, lvii. 151.

[1934]. Coullon, Recherches sur l’Acide Hydrocyanique, 225, et passim.

[1935]. Edin. Philosoph. Journal, vii. 124 and Edin. Journal of Science, ii. 214.

[1936]. Archives Gén. de Méd. xi. 30.

[1937]. Toxicologie Gén. ii. 167.

[1938]. Archiv für Anatomie und Physiologie, 1828, p. 208.

[1939]. Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. i. 511.

[1940]. Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xii. 144.

[1941]. Dr. Geoghegan, in Lancet, 1835–36, i. 174.

[1942]. Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xii. 141.

[1943]. Ibidem, xii. 144.

[1944]. London Med. and Surg. Journal, iii. 58.

[1945]. Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. 525.

[1946]. Archiv für Anatomie und Physiologie, 1828, p. 208.

[1947]. Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. i. 518.

[1948]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxv. 403.

[1949]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xlviii. 44.

[1950]. Prize Thesis “On the Presence of Air in the Organs of Circulation.” Edinburgh, 1837.

[1951]. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, li. 57.

[1952]. Formulaire pour les Nouveaux Médicamens.

[1953]. Lancet, 1844, October 5.

[1954]. Journal de Pharmacie, vii. 465.

[1955]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xvi. 100.

[1956]. Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxxii. 494.

[1957]. Annales de Chim. et de Phys. xliv. 352.

[1958]. Murray, Apparatus Medicaminum, iii. 257.

[1959]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xii. 135.

[1960]. Fechner’s Repertorium der Organischen Chemie, ii. 65.

[1961]. Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxxii. 500.

[1962]. Wepferi, Cicutæ aquaticæ Historia et Noxæ, 244; and Coullon, Recherches sur l’Acide Hydrocyanique, 55.

[1963]. Toxicol. Gén. ii. 179.

[1964]. Philosophical Transactions, 1811, p. 184.

[1965]. Journal de Pharmacie, ii. 204.

[1966]. Dr. Alison’s Manuscript Lectures.

[1967]. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 166.

[1968]. Recherches, &c. 60.

[1969]. Apparatus Medicaminum, iii. 257.

[1970]. London Med. and Phys. Journal, lvii. 150.

[1971]. Philosophical Transactions, 1811, p. 183.

[1972]. Journal Complémentaire, &c. xvii. 366.

[1973]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, 92.

[1974]. Medical Jurisprudence, ii. 402.

[1975]. Journal de Pharmacie, viii. 304.

[1976]. Buchner’s Repertorium, xii. 130.

[1977]. Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilk. xxxii. 497.

[1978]. Bericht über einige Versuche über die Wirkung des Oleum Essentiale Laurocerasi.—Hufeland’s Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, liv. iii. 27.

[1979]. Bemerkungen, &c. Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, li. i. 125.

[1980]. Fechner’s Repertorium der Org. Chemie, ii. 65.

[1981]. Médecine Légale, iv. 27.

[1982]. Apparatus Medicaminum, iii. 216.

[1983]. Recherches, &c. p. 95.

[1984]. Philosophical Transactions, 1739, No. 452.

[1985]. Wibmer, die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, ii. 90.

[1986]. Considerations on the criminal proceedings of this country, on the danger of convictions on circumstantial evidence, and on the case of Mr. Donnellan. By a Barrister of the Inner Temple, 1781.—Phillips’s Treatise on the Law of Evidence, Appendix, p. 30.—Male’s Juridical Medicine, p. 86.—These authorities all consider the guilt of the prisoner doubtful.

[1987]. Trial, &c. taken in short hand by Gurney.

[1988]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxviii. 416.

[1989]. Geiseler in Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxix. 291.

[1990]. Recherches, &c. p. 74.

[1991]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1837, 99.

[1992]. Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxv. 220.

[1993]. Bremer, Bemerkungen und Erfahrungen über die Wirksamkeit des Trauben-Kirschbaums.—Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1812, i. 41.

[1994]. Buchner’s, Repertorium, xii. 130.

[1995]. Rust’s Magazin, xxxii. 500.

[1996]. Bemerkungen, &c. Horn’s Archiv, 1812, i. 71.

[1997]. Journal de Pharmacie, iii. 275.

[1998]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxvii. 238.

[1999]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxix. 293.

[2000]. Annales de Chim. et de Phys. xxxv. 72.

[2001]. Toxikologie, 373.

[2002]. Ueber den Selbstmord, p. 176.

[2003]. Quæstionum Medico-legalium, T. iii. 63. Consilium 44.

[2004]. London Courier, Jan. 16, 1823.

[2005]. Buchner’s Toxikologie, 331.

[2006]. Nysten, Recherches Chimico-Physiologiques, p. 11.

[2007]. On the Presence of Air in the Organs of Circulation. Prize Thesis at Edinburgh, 1837.

[2008]. Nysten, Recherches Chimico-Physiologiques, passim.

[2009]. Ibidem, p. 81.

[2010]. Rech. Chemico-Physiologiques, p. 114.

[2011]. Diss. Inaug. utrum, per viventium adhuc animalium membranas materiæ ponderabiles permeare queant. Tubingæ, p. 10.

[2012]. Nysten, Recherches, &c. p. 137.

[2013]. Philosophical Transactions, cxiii. 508.

[2014]. Nysten, Recherches, &c. p. 140.

[2015]. Corvisart’s Journal de Méd. xxiv. 249.

[2016]. Allen and Peys, also Wetterstedt. See Dr. Apjohn’s article on Toxicology in Cycl. of Pract. Med. iv. 238.

[2017]. London Quarterly Journal of Science, vi. N. S.

[2018]. Corvisart’s Journal de Méd. xxiv. 246.

[2019]. Researches, Chemical and Philosophical, concerning nitrous oxide gas, p. 475.

[2020]. Desgranges in Corvisart’s Journal de Méd. viii. 487.

[2021]. Bulletins de la Soc. Méd. d’Emulation, Oct. 1823.

[2022]. Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, xvii. 383.

[2023]. Wibmer. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, ii. 109, from Archiv des Apothekers-Vereins, xviii. 101.

[2024]. Hallé, Recherches sur la nature du Méphitisme des fosses d’aisance, p. 107.

[2025]. Edin. Med and Surg. Journal, xxviii. 361.

[2026]. London Medical Gazette, x. 314.

[2027]. Ibidem, 352.

[2028]. Dictionnaire des Sciences Médicales, ii. 391.

[2029]. Sedillot’s Journal de Médecine, xv. 28, 34.

[2030]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1829, ii. 83, 143.

[2031]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxviii. 361.

[2032]. Recherches sur la nature du Méphitisme des fosses d’aisance, 1785.

[2033]. Recherches, &c. p. 55.

[2034]. Recherches, &c. pp. 57, 99, 144; and Nouv. Journ. de Méd. i. 237.

[2035]. Nouv. Journal, &c.

[2036]. Ibidem.

[2037]. Sedillot’s Journ. de Méd. xv. 25.

[2038]. Recherches, &c. p. 57.

[2039]. Hallé, Recherches, &c. p. 50.

[2040]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1840, xxiii. 131.

[2041]. Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 1844, p. 559.

[2042]. Hallé, Recherches, &c. pp. 46, 58.

[2043]. London Medical Gazette, pp. 375, 410, 448.

[2044]. Researches on Nitrous Oxide Gas, p. 467.

[2045]. Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. iii. 457.

[2046]. Mr. Pridgin’s Teale in Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1839, iv. 106.

[2047]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1842, xxvii. 232.

[2048]. M. Collard de Martigny in Arch. Gén. de Méd. xiv. 209.

[2049]. Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, 1831, iv. 119.

[2050]. Collard de Martigny, 204.

[2051]. Dr. Bird in Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1839, iv. 81.

[2052]. Nouv. Biblioth. Méd. 1827, iii. 91.

[2053]. Archives Gén. de Med. v. 132.

[2054]. Foderé, Méd. Légale, iv. 37.

[2055]. Archives, &c. p. 211.

[2056]. Recherches on Nitrous Oxide, p. 472.

[2057]. Nouv. Journal de Méd. ii. 196.

[2058]. Archives Gén. de Médecine, xiv. 205.

[2059]. Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 1844, 555.

[2060]. Histoire de la Soc. Roy. de Med. i. 353.

[2061]. Nouv. Biblioth. Méd. 1827, iii. 91.

[2062]. Collard de Martigny, Arch. Gén. de Méd. xiv. 205.

[2063]. Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. ii. 475. Note.

[2064]. Lancet, 1838–39, i. 260.

[2065]. Lond. Med. Gazette, 1838–39, i. 427.

[2066]. Dr. G. Bird in Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1839, iv. 84.

[2067]. London Med. Chir. Transactions, i. 83.

[2068]. Nouv. Journ. de Méd.

[2069]. Nouv. Biblioth. Med. 1827, iii. 91.

[2070]. Archives Gén. de Méd. xiv. 210.

[2071]. Fallot, in Journal Complémentaire, Mai, 1829.

[2072]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1840, xxiii. 176.

[2073]. Ibidem, xvi. 30.

[2074]. Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 1844, p. 557.

[2075]. Annales, ut supra, 186.

[2076]. Toxicologie Gén. 1826, ii. 474.

[2077]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxix. 53.

[2078]. Annales, ut supra, p. 191.

[2079]. Annalen der Pharmacie, 1836, xx. 156.

[2080]. Lancet, ut supra.

[2081]. Annales, &c. ut supra, p. 197.

[2082]. Annales, &c. xx. 134.

[2083]. Lancet, ut supra.

[2084]. Annales, ut supra, 197.

[2085]. Ibidem, p. 199.

[2086]. Ibidem, xx. 132.

[2087]. Devergie, ut supra, 200.

[2088]. On the Constitution of Flame—Edin. New Philos. Journal, i. 224, 226.

[2089]. Ammann.—Medicina Critica, Cas. 59, p. 365.

[2090]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxviii. 359.

[2091]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xiii. 353.

[2092]. Ibidem, xxxii. 345.

[2093]. Edin. New Phil. Journal, v. 110.

[2094]. Holwell, Narrative of the deplorable Deaths of the English gentlemen and others who were suffocated in the Black Hole at Fort William.

[2095]. Smith’s Principles of Forensic Medicine, 221.

[2096]. Instruction sur le traitement des Asphyxiés, 25.

[2097]. Reports of Medical Cases, ii. 226, 227.

[2098]. Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1823, i. 93.

[2099]. London Medical Gazette, 1838–39, i. 923.

[2100]. Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 1. and vii. 95.

[2101]. See various cases quoted in detail in Wibmer, die Wirkung der Arzneimittel, &c. ii. 49, 51, 55.

[2102]. Practisches Handbuch für Physiker, iii. 278.

[2103]. Beiträge zur gerichtl. medizin.—Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1823, i. 296.

[2104]. Journal Complémentaire, Mai, 1829.

[2105]. Guy’s Hospital Reports, ut supra.

[2106]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xx. 114.

[2107]. Revue Médicale, 1827, iii. 528.

[2108]. Horn’s Archiv. für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1834, 746.

[2109]. Bird, ut supra, iv. 93.

[2110]. Wibmer, die Wirkung der Arzneimittel, &c. ii. 47, et seq.

[2111]. Nouvelle Bibliothèque Méd. 1829, i. 374.

[2112]. René-Bourgeois, Archives Gén. de Méd. xx. 508.

[2113]. Nysten, Recherches Chimico-Physiologiques, pp. 88, 92, 96.

[2114]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxix. 54.

[2115]. Mr. Witter in London Philosophical Journal, 1814, xliii. 367.

[2116]. Guérard in Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxix. 52.

[2117]. Nysten, Recherches, &c.

[2118]. Davy’s Chemical and Philosophical Researches, passim.

[2119]. Thenard, Traité de Chimie, iii. 675.

[2120]. Researches, &c., p. 462.

[2121]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxviii. 363.

[2122]. Journal Universel des Sc. Méd. ii. 240.

[2123]. Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1830, ii. 859.

[2124]. Toxikologie, 382.

[2125]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxviii. 363.

[2126]. London Quarterly Journal of Science, January, 1830.

[2127]. Buchner’s Toxikologie, 188.

[2128]. Wibmer, Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel, &c. i. 360, 362.

[2129]. Annalen der Pharmacie, i. 68.

[2130]. Ibidem, 1833, or Journal de Pharmacie, xx. 87.

[2131]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, ix. 71 and 77.

[2132]. Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. ii. 261.

[2133]. Annalen der Pharmacie, i. 71.

[2134]. Sedillot’s Journ. Gén. de Méd. Dec. 1813, 364.

[2135]. Lond. Med. Obs. and Inquiries, vi. 223.

[2136]. Journ. Universel, xxii. 239.

[2137]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1837, p. 591.

[2138]. Ibid. 1839, 122.

[2139]. Sedillot’s Journ. de Méd. xxiv. 228.

[2140]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, ix. 380.

[2141]. Journ. de Chim. Méd. ii. 586.

[2142]. Sedillot’s Journal de Médecine, xxiv. 228.

[2143]. London Medical Gazette, 1838–39, i. 681.

[2144]. British Herbal, 329.

[2145]. Journ. Universel, xxii. 239.—Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxix. 452.

[2146]. Plenck’s Toxicologia, 109.

[2147]. Roux’s Journal de Med. xxiv. 310.

[2148]. Toxicologia, 109.

[2149]. Moyens de remédier aux Pois Végét.

[2150]. Journ. de Chim. Méd. iii. 586.

[2151]. Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxi. 550.

[2152]. Toxikologie, p. 220.

[2153]. On Vegetable Poisons, 17.

[2154]. Nouvelle Biblioth. Méd. 1828, iii.

[2155]. On Vegetable Poisons, p. 18.

[2156]. Roux’s Journal de Méd. xxiv. 321.

[2157]. Geschichte der Pflanzengifte, p. 538.

[2158]. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 347–364.

[2159]. Mag. für die gesammte Heilk. xxv. 578.

[2160]. Journal de Chim. Méd. iv. 390.

[2161]. Geschichte der Pflanzengifte, p. 538.

[2162]. Histoire de l’Acad. de Paris, 1703, p. 69.

[2163]. On Vegetable Poisons, p. 21

[2164]. Med. Obs. and Inq. vi. 224.

[2165]. Roux’s Journ. de Méd. xxiv. 317.

[2166]. Geschichte des Pflanzengifte, 527.

[2167]. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel, &c. i. 378.

[2168]. Gmelin, Geschichte der Pflanzengifte, 416. As examples of such crimes he mentions the following. Diebe und Huren um ihr Verbrechen desto ungehinderter zu begehen, wenn sie die Leute damit eingeschläfert haben; Hurenwirthinnen, um in ihren gemietheten Mägdchen alles Gefühl der natürlichen Schaam zu ersticken; alte Hurer um junge Mägdchen zu verführen; Missethäter um ihre Wächter sinnlos zu machen; Ehebrecherinnen, um ihre Männer zu ruhigen Zuschauern ihrer Schandthaten zu machen. For most of these purposes gin and whisky are the instruments of villany in Britain; and of late, as already mentioned, opium has been resorted to.

[2169]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1836, 319.

[2170]. History of the Eastern Archipelago, i. 466.

[2171]. Schweigger’s Journal, xxvi. 98.

[2172]. Annalen der Pharmacie, iii. 135.

[2173]. Journal de Pharmacie, xx. 94.

[2174]. Orfila, Tox. ii. 271.

[2175]. Edin. Medical Commentaries, v. 163.

[2176]. Braun in Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, xxix. 177.

[2177]. Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. ii. 247.

[2178]. Edin. Phys. and Lit. Essays, ii. 272.

[2179]. Corvisart’s Journ. de Méd. xxiii. 157.

[2180]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xv. 154.

[2181]. Gmelin, Gesch. der Pflanzengifte, 421.

[2182]. Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xvii. 564.

[2183]. Gmelin, 420.

[2184]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xv. 154.

[2185]. London Medical Gazette, iv. 320.

[2186]. Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, xxxiii. 129.

[2187]. Journal de Chim. Méd. vi. 722.

[2188]. Hist. Stirp. Helvet. Indig. i. 259.

[2189]. Vauquelin—Annales de Chimie, lxxi. 139.

[2190]. Bulletin des Scien. Méd. xii. 177, from Geiger’s Magazin für Pharmacie, Nov. und Dec. 1828.

[2191]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxix. 382.

[2192]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 340.

[2193]. Ibidem.

[2194]. Philosophical Transactions, ci. 186, 181.

[2195]. Macartney.—Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. ii. 282.

[2196]. Blake, in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, liii. 44.

[2197]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xii. 11.

[2198]. Pflanzengifte, 550.

[2199]. Ephem. Cur. Nat. Dec. ii.—Ann. x. p. 222.

[2200]. On Apoplexy and Lethargy, p. 150.

[2201]. Ephem. Cur. Nat. Dec. ii.—Ann. iv. p. 467.

[2202]. London Medical Gazette, 1839–40, i. 561.

[2203]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1839, 329.

[2204]. Ibidem, 165.

[2205]. Hufeland’s Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, lxxi. iv. 100.

[2206]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, iii. 23.

[2207]. Gazette Med. de Paris, 28 Novembre, 1840, or Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, lv. 558.

[2208]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, ix. 159.

[2209]. Acta Helvetica, 1762, v. 330.

[2210]. Journal de Chim. Médicale, 1839, 328.

[2211]. Ibidem, 327.

[2212]. Julia-Fontenelle, Ibidem, 1836, 652. From Mémoires du Duc de St. Simon.

[2213]. Paris and Fonblanque’s Medical Jurisprudence, ii. 415.

[2214]. Rammazini, de Morb. Opificum, 535.—Fourcroy. Essai sur les Mal. des Artizans, 89.—Patissier, Traité des Mal. des Art. 202.

[2215]. Revue Médicale, 1827, iii. 168.

[2216]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique et de Med. Lég. i. 169. 1829.

[2217]. Gmelin’s Pflanzengifte, S. 598.

[2218]. Philosophical Magazine, N. S. iv. 231.

[2219]. Geiger’s Magazin für Pharmacie, xxxv. 72, 259.

[2220]. Edin. Medical and Surgical Journal, xxxix. 383.

[2221]. Geiger, in Magazin für Pharmacie, xxxv. 284.

[2222]. Edinburgh Roy. Soc. Transactions, xiii. 398, 415.

[2223]. Toxicologie Gén. ii. 303.

[2224]. Pflanzengifte, S. 605.

[2225]. Transactions of the Royal Soc. of Edinburgh, xiii. 383.

[2226]. Transactions, &c. xiii. 393, 315.

[2227]. Corvisart’s Journal de Méd. xxix. 107.

[2228]. Philos. Transactions, xliii. No. 473, p. 18.

[2229]. Toxicol. Gén. ii. 311.

[2230]. Gmelin’s Pflanzengifte, p. 604.

[2231]. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 172.

[2232]. Gmelin’s Pflanzengifte, p. 603.

[2233]. Cicut. Aquaticæ Hist. et Noxæ, 134.

[2234]. Annalen der Pharmacie, xxxi. 258.

[2235]. Archiv für Medizin. Erfahr. 1824, i. 84.

[2236]. Cic. Aquat. &c. 80, and 107.

[2237]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, 877.

[2238]. Article Ciguë, Diction. des Sciences Méd.

[2239]. Journal Complémentaire, xvii. 361.

[2240]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1830.

[2241]. Instead of quoting special facts on the subject of poisoning with Œnanthe, I have thought it better to give in the meantime a short analysis of a long investigation, which I have from time to time made on the subject, and which was read in the Royal Society of Edinburgh last year. This paper will be published ere long; and the references and experiments will then be supplied, which, if introduced here, will lead to disproportionate details.

[2242]. Lond. Philos. Magazine, N. S. ii. 392.

[2243]. Toxicol. Gén. ii. 323.

[2244]. London Med. and Phys. Journal, xiv. 425.

[2245]. Geschichte der Pflanzengifte, 571.

[2246]. Wittke in Magazin für Pharmacie, xxxii. 228.

[2247]. Prize Thesis, on the Physiological and Medicinal Properties of the Aconitum napellus. Edinburgh, 1844.

[2248]. Toxicologie Gén. 1827, ii. 211.

[2249]. Philosophical Transactions, 1811, p. 183.

[2250]. Toxicologie Gén. 1827, ii. 211, and 1843, ii. 361.

[2251]. Elements of Materia Medica, 1842, ii. 1804.

[2252]. Elements of Materia Medica, 1842, ii. 1811.

[2253]. Elements of Materia Medica, 1842, ii. 1806.

[2254]. Thèse Inaugurale, Paris, 1822, quoted by Orfila, Toxic. Gén., 1827, ii. 221.

[2255]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, iii. 344.

[2256]. Elements of Materia Medica, ii. p. 1807.

[2257]. Ibidem, p. 1806.

[2258]. Lancet, 1836–37, ii. 13.

[2259]. Annali Universali di Medicina, 1840, iii. 635.

[2260]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxviii. 199.

[2261]. Journal de Chimie Medicale, 1840, 94.

[2262]. Edinburgh Journal of Natural Science, 1830, 235.

[2263]. Dr. Hunter. Calcutta Med. Phys. Transactions, ii. 410.

[2264]. Northern Journal of Medicine, 1844, i. 120.

[2265]. Journal de Pharmacie, vii. 503.

[2266]. Orfila, Tox. Gén. ii. 225.

[2267]. Schabel, Diss. Inaug. be Effectibus Veratri albi et Hellebori nigri, p. 8, Tubing.

[2268]. Bullet. de la Soc. Méd. d’Em. Avril, 1818.

[2269]. De Sedibus et Causis Morborum, Epist. lix. 15.

[2270]. Wibmer, die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, iii. 10.

[2271]. Buchner’s Toxicologie, 272.

[2272]. Toxicol. Gén. ii. 202.

[2273]. Tentamen Physico-medicum de Remediis Brunsvicensibus, 176.

[2274]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, p. 651.

[2275]. Vogel—Journal de Physique, lxxv. 194.

[2276]. De Effectibus Ver. alb. et Hell. nigri. Tubingæ, 1817.

[2277]. Mag. für die gesammte Heilkunde, xiv. 547.

[2278]. Archiv für Mediz. Erfahrung, 1825.

[2279]. Beiträge zur Gerichtl. Arzneik. iv. 47.

[2280]. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, v. 437.

[2281]. Diss. Inaug. De Veratriæ Ellectibus, Lipsiæ, 1836, quoted by Wibmer, v. 434.

[2282]. Libellus de Colchico, 1763, p. 17.

[2283]. Philosophical Transactions, 1816.

[2284]. Annalen der Pharmacie, vii. 275.

[2285]. Edin. Med. and Surgical Journal, xiv. 262.

[2286]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, viii. 351.

[2287]. Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxi. 131.

[2288]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xvi. 394.

[2289]. Ibid. xii. 397.

[2290]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1839, 589.

[2291]. London Medical Gazette, 1838–39, ii. 763.

[2292]. Beiträge, &c. iv. 246.

[2293]. London Medical Gazette, x. 160.

[2294]. Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxix. 382.

[2295]. Ibidem, 377.

[2296]. Magazin für Pharmacie, xxx. 237.

[2297]. Dr. Duncan’s Dispensatory, 953.

[2298]. Spillan, quoted by Lewins.

[2299]. Edinburgh Medical and Surg. Journal, lvi. 186.

[2300]. Toxicologie Gén. 1827, ii. 257.

[2301]. Toxikologie, 349.

[2302]. Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxix. 384.

[2303]. Bibliothèque Universelle de Génève, xxvi. 102.

[2304]. Duncan’s Supplement to the Dispensatory, p. 49.

[2305]. Elements of Materia Medica, 1842, p. 1208.

[2306]. Dr. Morries, Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxix. 377.

[2307]. Toxicologie Gén. ii. 286.

[2308]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 342.

[2309]. Wibmer, Die Wirkung, &c. ii. 312, from Schroek, de Digit. Purpurea, 1829.

[2310]. London Med. Gazette, 1842–43, i. 270, from Schmidt’s Jahrbücher, Aug. 1842.

[2311]. Dictionary of Mat. Med. and Pharmacy, 1839, 219.

[2312]. Blackall on Dropsy, p. 173.

[2313]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journ. vii. 149.

[2314]. Bidault de Villiers, Journal de Médecine, Novembre, 1817.

[2315]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journ. xxvii. 223, from Morning Chronicle, Oct. 30 and 31, 1826.

[2316]. Journal de Méd. xl. 193.

[2317]. Williams in Medical Gazette, i. 744.

[2318]. Toxicologie Gén. 1843, ii. 442.

[2319]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1838, xx. 180.

[2320]. Recherches Chim. et Physiol. sur l’Ipecacuanha. Journal de Pharmacie, iii. 145.

[2321]. Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxxii. 182.

[2322]. Magendie. Formulaire pour la Préparation, &c. de plusieurs Nouv. Médicamens. 5eme ed. 67.

[2323]. Plantes Usuelles des Braziliens, Livraison, i. 3.

[2324]. Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. x. 142.

[2325]. Journal de Pharmacie, viii. 401.

[2326]. Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. x. 153.

[2327]. Pelletier and Caventou, Ibidem, xxvi. 56.

[2328]. Annales de Chim. et de Phys. xxvi. 44.

[2329]. Archives Gén. de Méd. xii. 463.

[2330]. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, li. 338.

[2331]. Transactions of Provinc. Med. and Surg. Association, ii. 215.

[2332]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1837, 481.

[2333]. Elements of Materia Medica, ii. 1310.

[2334]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie.

[2335]. Archives Gén. de Méd. viii. 22.

[2336]. British Annals de Medecine, i. 106.

[2337]. Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xvii. 119.

[2338]. Cicutæ Aquat. Hist. Noxæ, p. 295.

[2339]. Magendie, Journal de Physiol. ii. 361.

[2340]. Cicutæ Aquat. Hist. et Noxæ, p. 198.

[2341]. Archives Gén. de Médecine, xlvi. 365.

[2342]. Lond. Med. Repository, xix. 448.

[2343]. Glasgow Medical Journal. August, 1830.

[2344]. British Annals of Medicine, i. 103.

[2345]. Archives Gén. de Méd. viii. 17.

[2346]. Nouv. Journ. de Méd. x. 157.

[2347]. Tacheron, London Med. Repository, xix. 456.

[2348]. Med. Rat. System, ii. 175.

[2349]. Journ. der Practischen Heilkunde, iv. 492.

[2350]. Hillefeld, Exp. quædam circa venena. Gott. 1760. Quoted by Marx, die Lehre von den Giften, i. ii. 26.

[2351]. Rossi, Exp. de nonnullis plantis quæ pro venenatis habentur. Pisis, 1762. See Marx, i. ii. 29.

[2352]. Trans. of the Calcutta Med. and Phys. Soc. i. 138.

[2353]. Arch Gén. de Méd. viii. 18.

[2354]. I have not altered the statement as to this point in the former editions. Yet I strongly suspect that authors, who describe the spasm which precedes death to continue as it were into the rigidity which occurs after death, must have observed inaccurately. For in the numerous experiments I have made and witnessed in animals, flaccidity invariably took place at the time of death, and continued for a moderate interval.

[2355]. Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxv. 80.

[2356]. Le Globe, vii. 525.—Août 19, 1829.

[2357]. Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 169.

[2358]. Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. xxvi. 44.

[2359]. Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. ii. 364.

[2360]. Journal de Chim. Méd. vi. 593.

[2361]. Botanic Garden, ii. 256.

[2362]. See my Dispensatory, p. 395. Orfila adheres to the old error in the last edition of his Toxicology, in 1843.

[2363]. Magendie, Journ. de Physiologie, iii. 267.

[2364]. Toxicol. Gén. ii. 377.

[2365]. Ueber die giftige Wirkungen der unächten Angustura.—Hufeland’s Journal, xl. iii. 68.

[2366]. Journal de Pharmacie, ii. 507.

[2367]. Meckel’s Archiv für Anatomie und Physiologie, i. 1.

[2368]. Ueber das Amerikanische Pfeilgift. Meckel’s Archiv für Anatomie und Physiologie, iv. 65.

[2369]. Reported by Dr. Reid Clanny in Lancet, 1838–39, ii. 285.

[2370]. Toxicol. Gén. ii. 400.

[2371]. Annali Univ. di Med. xxxvi. 102.

[2372]. Diss. Inaug. Tubingæ, 1819, p. 9.

[2373]. Experimental Essays, 128.

[2374]. Orfila, Toxic. Gén. ii. 406.

[2375]. Ibid., 407.

[2376]. London Med. Gazette, xi. 772. From American Journal of Med. Science.

[2377]. Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxv. 88.

[2378]. Toxicol. Gén. ii. 400.

[2379]. Annali, &c. xxxvi. 106.

[2380]. Ann. de Chimie, lxxx. 109.

[2381]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxiv. 55.

[2382]. Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. ii. 411.

[2383]. Cicut. Aquat. Hist. p. 186.

[2384]. Toxicol. Gén. ii. 412, 414.

[2385]. Ibidem, ii. 410.

[2386]. Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxix. 346.

[2387]. Beiträge zur Gerichtl. Arzneikunde, iii. 241.

[2388]. Mulder in Pharmaceutisches Central-Blatt, 1838, p. 511.

[2389]. Orfila Toxicol. Gén. ii. 396.

[2390]. Philos. Trans. 1811.

[2391]. Diss. Inaug. sistens historiam Veneni Upas antiar, &c. Tubingæ, 1815.

[2392]. Diss. Inaug. de Veneno Upas antiar, Tubingæ, 1815, p. 27.

[2393]. Buchner’s Repertorium, xxxi., and Hufeland’s Journal, lxviii. iv. 43.

[2394]. Mém. de l’Acad. des Sciences, 1739, p. 47.

[2395]. Journal de Chim. Méd. iv. 528.

[2396]. London Medical and Physical Journal, April, 1829.

[2397]. Mémoires de la Soc. de Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. de Génève, v. 194.

[2398]. Lancet, 1836–37, i. 394.

[2399]. Ibid.

[2400]. Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxiii. 374.

[2401]. Essays, &c. iii. 257.

[2402]. On the Esculent Fungi of Great Britain. Mem. Wernerian Society, iv. 339.

[2403]. Toxicol. Gén. 417–428.

[2404]. London Med. and Phys. Journal, iii. 41.

[2405]. Ibid. xxxvi. 451.

[2406]. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xlix. 192.

[2407]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1835, 488.

[2408]. Annali Universali di Medicina, 1842, i. 549.

[2409]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1839, 325.

[2410]. Journal de Pharmacie, 1837, 369.

[2411]. Foderé, Médecine Légale, iv. 61, and 58.

[2412]. Ibidem.

[2413]. Haller, Hist. Stirp. Helv. Indig. ii. 328.

[2414]. Bongard, London Medical Gazette, 1838, i. 414.

[2415]. Ibidem.

[2416]. Greville, p. 344, from Langsdorf’s Annalen der Wetterrauischen Gesellschaft.

[2417]. Foderé, Médecine Légale, iv. 59.

[2418]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1839, 322.

[2419]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, ix. 379.

[2420]. Médecine Légale, iv. 55, et passim.

[2421]. Toxicol. Gén. ii. 445.

[2422]. Essai Sur les Propriétés Médicales des Plantes, 320.

[2423]. Mem. Wernerian Soc. iv. 342.

[2424]. Ann. de Chimie, lxxix. 265; lxxx. 272; lxxxvii. 237.

[2425]. Archives Gén. de Méd. xi. 94.

[2426]. Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxvi. 117.

[2427]. Traité des Champignons.—Also Mém. sur les Champignons coëffés. Mem. de la Soc. Roy. de Méd. i. 431.

[2428]. London Med. and Phys. Journal, xxxvi. 451.

[2429]. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xlix. 192.

[2430]. Annali Universali di Medicina, 1842, i. 549.

[2431]. Corvisart’s Journ. de Méd. xxxi. 323, from Vadrot. Diss. Inaug. sur l’empoisonnement par les Champignons.

[2432]. Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. ii. 433.

[2433]. Picco—Mem. de la Soc. Roy. de Méd. 1780–81, p. 355.

[2434]. Geschichte der Pflanzengifte, 639.

[2435]. Aymen, in Hist. de la Soc. Roy. de Méd. i. 344.

[2436]. Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xvi. 115.

[2437]. Persoon, Traité sur les Champignons comestibles, 157.

[2438]. Journal de Pharmacie, Sept. 1836.

[2439]. Edwards in Lancet, 1836–37, ii. 512.

[2440]. Picco—Hist. de la Soc. &c. pp. 357, 359.

[2441]. Hist. de la Soc. &c. p. 357.

[2442]. Ibidem.

[2443]. Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxvi. 117.

[2444]. Quæstiones Medicinæ Forenses, 1824, p. 206.

[2445]. Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xiv. 311.

[2446]. In the Philosophical Transactions for 1762 an account is given of a family of eight people in Suffolk, who had the gangrenous form of the disease induced by spurred rye. They had lived on damaged wheat, but never used rye meal. See Dr. Wollaston’s paper, lii. 523, and Mr. Bone’s Letter, Ibid. 526.

[2447]. The Phalaris canariensis and aquatica, Panicura miliaceum Phleum, pratense, Alopecurus pratensis and geniculatus, Agrostis stolonifera, Aira cristata, Poa fluitans, Festuca duriuscula, Arundo arenaria and cinnoides, Lolium perenne, Elymus arenarius and europæus, Triticum spelta, junceum and repens, Holcus avenaceus and lanatus, Dactylis glomerata, besides those mentioned in the text.—See Robert, Erläuterungen und Beiträge zur Geschichte des Mutterkorns.—Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxv. 8.

[2448]. Mémoire sur la Sologne, in Hist. de la Soc. Roy. de Méd. i. 61.

[2449]. Mem. sur la mal. du Seigle appellée Ergot. Hist. de la Soc. Roy. de Méd. i. 427.

[2450]. Robert’s paper, passim.

[2451]. Hecker’s Jahrbücher der Staatsarzneikunde, i. 240.

[2452]. Robert, in Rust’s Magazin, xxv. 20. Tessier seems to have been of the same way of thinking.

[2453]. Tillet, Dissertation sur la cause qui corrompe les bles—Fontana, Lettre sur l’Ergot. Journ. de Phys. vii. 42.—Réad, Traité sur le Seigle Ergoté. 1771.

[2454]. Annals of Philosophy, N. S. xi. 14.

[2455]. Flore Française, VI.—Robert’s paper, p. 15.

[2456]. Inquisitio in Secale cornutum, &c. Commentatio præmio regio ornata, Gottingæ, 1831. Analyzed in Annalen der Pharmacie, i. 129.

[2457]. Linnæan Transactions, 1840, xviii, 449.

[2458]. Ibidem, 453.

[2459]. Ibidem, 475.

[2460]. Lettre sur l’Ergot. Journal de Physique, vii. 42.

[2461]. Lorinser, Beob. und Vers. über die Wirkung des Mutterkorns, 1824, noticed in Robert’s paper, p. 28.

[2462]. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, lii. 306. Harveian Prize Essay.

[2463]. Linnæan Transactions, xix. 140.

[2464]. Tessier, 421.

[2465]. Ibid. 428.

[2466]. Robert, 28.

[2467]. Bulletins de la Soc. Philomatique, 1817, 58.

[2468]. Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, iii. 65.

[2469]. Rust’s Magazin, xxv. 43, also Keyl, Dissertatio de Secali Cornuto ejusque vi in corpus humanum salubri et noxia.

[2470]. Rust’s Mag. für die gesammte Heilk. xxv. 47.

[2471]. Annalen der Pharmacie, i. 159.

[2472]. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, lii. 302, and liv. 51.

[2473]. Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxv. 168.

[2474]. Annalen der Pharmacie, i. 180.

[2475]. Annali Universali di Medicina, 1839, iv. 12.

[2476]. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, lii. 119, liii. 1.

[2477]. Robert’s paper, p. 223, also Lorinser’s Versuche, &c. of which there is an analysis in Edinb. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvi. 453.

[2478]. Taube—Geschichte der Kriebelkrankheit, quoted in Robert’s paper, p. 209.

[2479]. Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, lxxiii. iv. 3, and lxxiv. v. 71, vi. 3.

[2480]. Descriptio morborum ex usu clavorum secalinorum cum pane, 1717. A full extract is given of this work in Acta Eruditorum, An. 1718. Lipsiæ, p. 309.

[2481]. L’Abbé Tessier, Mém. sur les effets du Seigle Ergoté. Hist. de la Soc. Roy. de Méd. ii. 611.

[2482]. Robert, in Rust’s Magazin, xxv. 205.

[2483]. Ibid. 200.

[2484]. Ibid. 204.

[2485]. Ibid. 231, 232.

[2486]. Stearn’s in New York Med. Rep. 1307.—Bigelow in New England Journal of Med. and Surg. v.—Prescott in Lond. Med. and Phys. Journ. xxxvi.

[2487]. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, liii. 29.

[2488]. Revue Médicale, 1829, iii. 332.

[2489]. Hist. de la Soc. Roy. de Méd. i. 346.

[2490]. Sedillot’s Journ. Gén. de Méd. xiv. 200.

[2491]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, viii. 558.

[2492]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, vii. 122.

[2493]. Guérard in Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxix. 35.

[2494]. Orfila, Toxic. Gén. ii. 466, from Seeger, Diss. Inaug. Tubingæ, 1760.

[2495]. Sur les Effets de l’Ivraie.—Nouv. Journ. de Méd. vi. 379.

[2496]. Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. ii. 466.

[2497]. London Med. and Phys. Journal, xxviii. 182.

[2498]. Buchner’s Toxikologie, 174.

[2499]. Annalen der Pharmacie, xvi. 318.

[2500]. Hist. de la Soc. Roy. de Méd. ii. 297.

[2501]. Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xlviii. 160.

[2502]. Nouvelle Bibliothèque Méd. iii. 439.

[2503]. Journal de Pharmacie, ii. 397.

[2504]. Journ. de Pharm., ii. 397.

[2505]. London Medical and Physical Journal, lxii. 86.

[2506]. Lancet, 1840–41, 552.

[2507]. Hist. des Plantes Ven. de la Suisse, 1776, p. 49.

[2508]. Bulletins de la Société de Pharmacie, 1809, p. 48.

[2509]. Cases and Observations in Medical Jurisprudence.—Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, 1843, lx. 303.

[2510]. Journal de Pharmacie, iv. 340, 554.

[2511]. Philosophical Transactions, ci. 118.

[2512]. Toxicol. Gén. ii. 451.

[2513]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xl. 277.

[2514]. Cooke on Nervous Diseases, i. 219.

[2515]. Lancet, 1839–40, i. 466.

[2516]. Ibid., 1838–39, ii. 233.

[2517]. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, liv. 147.

[2518]. Edin. Medical and Surg. Journal, xl. 278.

[2519]. Edinb. Med. and Surg. Journal, xii. 489, from Bedingfield’s Compendium of Med. Practice.

[2520]. Toxicol. Gén. ii. 454.

[2521]. Die Lehre von den Giften, I. ii. 306.

[2522]. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1839, 129.

[2523]. Corvisart’s Journ. de Méd. xvii. 43.

[2524]. Aufsätze, v. 94.

[2525]. Bright’s Reports of Medical Cases, i. 1.

[2526]. See on this subject, Grötzner, über die Truncksucht unde ihre Folgen.—Rust’s Mag. für die ges. Heilkunde, xx. 522.

[2527]. Edin. Medical and Surg. Journ. xl. 292.

[2528]. Beiträge zur Gerichtl. Arzneik. ii. 59, iii. 38.

[2529]. On Nervous Diseases, i. 219.

[2530]. Beiträge zur Gerichtl. Arzneik. iii. 38.

[2531]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xl. 282, 284, 293.

[2532]. Répertoire Gén. Anat. et de Physiol. Pathologique, i. 51.

[2533]. Magazin für die ges. Heilkunde, xxi. 522.

[2534]. Treatise on Nervous Diseases, i. 222.

[2535]. Edin. Medical and Surgical Journal, xl. 293.

[2536]. Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxv. 126.

[2537]. Prize Inaugural Dissertation, on the presence of alcohol in the brain after poisoning with it. Edinburgh, 1839, passim.

[2538]. Cases and Observations in Medical Jurisprudence.—Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxi. 239.

[2539]. Edin. Medical and Surgical Journal, xl. 295.

[2540]. Smith, London Medical Gazette, ix. 502.

[2541]. Toxicol. Gén. ii. 456.

[2542]. Journal of Science, iv. 158.

[2543]. Midland Med. and Surg. Reporter, i., or Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxv. 452.

[2544]. Fechner’s Repertorium für Organischen Chemie, i. 1078.

[2545]. Toxikologie, 395.w

[2546]. Diction. des Scien. Méd. xxi. 605.

[2547]. Journal Universel. Novembre, 1829.

[2548]. Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, xxx. 425.

[2549]. Horn’s Archiv für Med. Erfahrung, 1824, i. 89, 91.

[2550]. Duncan’s Dispensatory, 12th edition, p. 552.

[2551]. Lancet, 1832–33, ii. 598.

[2552]. Lancet, 1833–34, i. 902.

[2553]. Natural, Chemical, Medicinal, and Physiological Properties of Creasote. Harveian Prize Essay, 1836, p. 66 to 99.

[2554]. Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, xix.

[2555]. Elements of Materia Medica, 1842, i. 419.

[2556]. lii. 291.

[2557]. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxiii. 61.

[2558]. Journal Universel des Sc. Méd. xvii. 120.

[2559]. London Med. and Phys. Journal, xlix. 119.

[2560]. Martin-Solon. Journal Hebdomadaire, viii. 73.

[2561]. Gueneau de Mussy. Archives Gén. de Med. Deuxiême Série, i. 594.

THE END.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

  1. P. [476], changed “exasperated by the use of oil” to “exacerbated by the use of oil”.
  2. P. [513], changed “I may here add a very opposite instance of hemorrhagic apoplexy” to “I may here add a very apposite instance of hemorrhagic apoplexy”.
  3. P. 712, added missing anchor for the last footnote.
  4. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling.
  5. Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed.