FOOTNOTES:

[272] A Dutch officer is accused of having purloined it.

[273] From the circumstance of this installation having taken place at Semárang, two wóringen trees are allowed to distinguish the alun alun of the regent.

[274] Contract with M. de Wilde.

[275] The native writers relate a strange proceeding of the Dutch commandant in this war.

"As soon as the Dutch commander arrived at Pasúruan he assembled the people, and offered a reward of one thousand dollars to any one who would bring him the body of the deceased chief Sarapáti. The body was accordingly brought in a perfect state of preservation, on which the commandant ordered it to be placed upright in a chair, as if still living. He then approached it, took it by the hand, and made his obeisance to it as to a living person: all the officers and men followed the example. After this they burnt the body, and having mixed the ashes with gunpowder, fired a salute with it in honour of the victory."

[276] A village in the vicinity of Batavia.

[277] Meaning, "ability was now inclined to move or shake mankind."

[278] During the reign of this prince, on the 9th of September 1738, a contract was entered into between the Dutch and the sultan of Bantam, of which the following were the chief articles.

1st. The Dutch having deemed it necessary to send a detachment to Lampung Túlang Báwang, in order to save that province from total ruin, the sultan promised to cause a fort, or páger, to be erected at his expense, on the spot which should be deemed most eligible for that purpose, either on the Palembang river, or any where else.

2d. That the sultan should keep this fort in constant repair at his own expense.

3d. That the sultan should repay to the Dutch the expense of maintaining a small establishment, consisting of a resident, a commandant, one sergeant, two corporals, twenty-four privates, one drummer, and three artillery men.

4th. That the ground on which the fort was to be built, should be ceded to the Dutch, with an extent of one hundred roods in every direction. This ground to revert back to the sultan, in the event of the Dutch establishment breaking up, in the same manner as had taken place in regard to Lampung Samángka.

6th. With a view to hold out due encouragement to the industry of the Lampung people, it was agreed that, previously to exporting their pepper to Bantam, they should state the quantity to the Company's resident, who should furnish them with a certificate, enabling them to obtain early payment, pursuant to the existing contracts.

7th. The Company's servants at Bantam and Lampung Túlang Báwang, were authorized to confiscate any quantity of pepper which was exported from the latter place, unprovided with a certificate from the resident.

LINE OF THE MAHOMEDAN SOVEREIGNS OF JAVA,
Who have ruled subsequently to the Destruction of the Hindu Government of Majapáhit down to the Javan Year 1742, corresponding with the Christian Year 1815.

SEAT OF GOVERNMENT.
Began to Reign.
A.J. A.D.
At Demák, from A.J. 1400 to 1503.
14031477 Ráden Pátah Adipáti Jimbun.
1455 1519Pangérang Sábrang Lor.
1457 1533Súltan Bintára, or Trang'gána, often called Sultan Demák.
At Pájang, from 1503 to 1540.
1503 1577Jáka Tíngkir, Sultan Pajang.
1532 1606Adipáti Demák.
At Matárem, from 1540 to 1600.
15401614Panambáhan Senapáti.
15501624 Súltan Séda Krápiah.
15621636Ráden Ránsang, also called Súltan Agung, or Súltan Kérta.
15851659Mangkúrat, commonly called Séda Tegál-árum.
At Kérta Súra, from 1603 to 1675.
16031677Susúnan Mangkúrat the second.
16271701Susúnan Mangkúrat Mas.
16301704Pangéran Púgar, usually called Susúnan Pakubúana the first.
16431717Susúnan Prabu Amangkúrat.
16721746Susúnan Séda Langkúnan, also called Susúnan Pakubúana the second.
Susúnan Pakubúana the second removed the seat of government to Sura Kerta in 1675.
At Sura Kérta, in 1675.
Susúnan Pakubúana second (continued.)
16751742Susúnan Pakubúana third, in whose reign the empire was divided into the two kingdoms of Súra Kérta and Yúgya Kérta.
At Súra Kérta.At Yúgya Kérta.
A.J.A.D.A.J.A.D.
Susúnan Pakúbuan third (continued.)16121756Sultan Amangkubúana first.
​—​—​—​— Sultan Amangkubúana second.
17141788Susúnan Pakubúana the fourth and present Susúnan.​—​—​—​— Sultan Amangkubúana third.
17411815Sultan Amangkubúana fourth, and present sultan.
Sovereignsof Demák4
of Pajang2
of Matárem4
of Kérta Súra4
of Súra Kérta4

The present Susúnan is consequently the eighteenth in succession from the first Mahomedan sovereign, and not perhaps less than the fortieth from the first Hindu prince. The average reign during the Mahomedan government is nineteen years. Taking the same average for the period of the Hindu government, its origin would be four hundred and eighteen years anterior to the destruction of Majapáhit, A. J. 1400, and may be referred to the close of the tenth century of the Javan era, or the middle of the eleventh century of the Christian era.

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS,
Which have occurred in Java (from the Traditions and Records of the Javans.)

1Arrival of Aji Sáka in Java.
10The date of (or probable establishment at) Núsa Bárong.
​—Núsa Tambíni.
​—Bawéan.
33The mountain Múria.
39The great mountain of Tegat.
50The mountain Brómo.
​—The mountain Semíru.
70The mountain Súmbing.
​—The mountain Hála Húla.
94The mountain Láwu.
118The mountain Bénkok.
131On the southern mountains.
152The mountain Wílis.
175The mountain Pendam.
193The mountain Prawáta.
​—The mountain Arjúna.
195The mountain Ingel.
211Building of Chándi Máling.
297The introduction of maize or Indian corn into Java.
308The date of (or probable establishment at) The mountain Merápi.
343The date of (or probable establishment at) The mountain Anyer.
551Building of Singa-sári.
752Death of Niái Súka Wáti.
808Burning of the temples at Gúnung Wédi.
924Construction of buildings in the western mountains.
It is related, that in former times the islands of Sumatra, Java, Báli and Sumbáwa, were united, and afterwards separated into nine different parts; and it is also said, that when three thousand rainy seasons have passed away, they will be reunited.
1018 or 1188 Building of the Chándi Séwú, or thousand temples, at Brambánan.
1055Date of Telága Páser in Banyumas.
1067Randu Kuning in ditto.
1114Separation of the lands of Palémbang and Java.
1124In the island of Báli.
1164Appearance of Pulo Mengaré (near Surabáya) above the sea.
1204Separation of the lands of Báli and Balambángan in Java.
1217Date of (or probable establishment at) Pagunúngun.
1218Building of the temples at Káli Bening near Brambánan.
1260Separation of the lands of Giling Trawángan and Báli.
1273The fall of stones from a mountain.
1280Separation of the island of Séla Párang (also called Lumbok or Sasak) from Sumbáwa.
1300Establishment of the court of Pajajúran.
​—​—Erection of a stone temple at Salatíga.
1308Construction of the tank at Peng'ging near Ambaráwa.
1352Date of Telága Mengémbel.
1360Building of the temples at Bóro Bódo in Kedú.
1400Destruction of Majapáhit.
1403Establishment of the court at Demák.
1419Establishment of Gegélang.
1421Establishment of Surabáya.
1423The fall of Bányu píndah.
1427The burning of Pálok by women.
1432Era of Kaníten.
1433Era of the Prince of Páti.
1439Destruction of Pánjer by fire.
1440Death of Kayubrálit.
1441Kajóran surrounded.
1443Death of the three princes.
1448Conquest of Kedírí by Susúnan Ingalága.
1449​—​— of Túban.
1450​—​— of Wirosári.
1451​—​— of Gegeláng.
1452​—​— of Mendáng kúngan.
1454The site of Surabáya changed.
1455Conquest of Pasúruan.
1462​—​— of Panarúkan.
1464Defeat of the sons of the chiefs of Lamúng'an, Blítar, and Wirasába.
1465Conquest of Panangúngan.
1466​—​— of Pamenáng.
1467​—​— of Sing'ga.
1468​—​— of Balambáng'an and Banyuwángi.
1469Conquest and burning of Sing'ara, a dependency of Balambáng'an.
1470Conquest of Jápan.
1471Arrival of the prince of Gíri, in the district of Kedíri.
1494Foundation of the gardens of Pungkúran at the foot of the mountains.
1473Destruction by fire of Dahá, and the disappearance of the prince called Prawáta, at that place.
1474The elevation of another prince.
1475War of Surowári.
​—​—Kiai Wírasóma proceeds to Jípang.
1476The falling down of Banyu píndah.
1478Conquest of the district of Blóra.
​—​—​—​— of Baléga in Madúra.
1499Disappearance of the Adipáti of Kedíri and his princess, after embracing the Mahomedan religion.
1500Conquest of Katujan, Wírasába, and Pranarága.
1502Swords and javelins first made use of.
1503The establishment of the court at Pájang.
1506Occurrence of a great earthquake.
1509First destruction of Pájang.
1510Destruction of Demák, when the chiefs and people betook themselves to their vessels, and put to sea.
1512Dahá conquered by Senapáti.
1513The people of Jipáng carried into captivity after the battle of Kalidádung; actions in Pasúruan and Pranarága.
1515Construction of Kótah Batu Púteh (or White-walled Castle) at Matárem.
1517Battles of Jatasári, &c. fought by Senapáti.
1521Death of Panambáhan Senapáti, at Jenar (Matárem).
​—​—The palace at Kérta being burnt, the seat of government is removed to Púra.
​—​—The Panambáhan of Chéribon comes to Matárem.
1522The Adipáti of Pugar, son of the Senapáti, removed to Demák, where he ascended the throne. After remaining there a year, there happened an eclipse of the sun.
1525Sultan Krápeak surrounds and attacks Demák.
​—​—While the war was carrying on at Grésik, Sultan Krápeak died at Matárem.
1526Battle of Kaliránan.
1532Death of Adipáti Mérta Láya.
1536The people of Matárem attack Málang, under Sultan Kérta.
1540The election of Panambáhan Senapáti at Matárem as Sultan.
1541The age of Sínga Pádu.
1545The Madurese war.
1547A great sickness at Matárem, and the erection of the throne of Matárem.
1552The war of Páti, and the erection of the Matárem tower.
1553The first Batavian war.
1555The measuring of time, and the second Batavian war.
1560The people of the eastern districts assembled at Matárem to perform required services.
1561Conquest of Balambángan, and submission of Ráden Kámbar.
1562The Sultan removes to Tumbáyat, and a great granary of corn is destroyed by fire at Gáding.
1564The Chéribon war, and the first appearance of the Prin'gí people (Europeans) at the court of Matarem.
1565The anger of the prince towards the minister of Palémbang, and the appearance of the Bánjar (Masin) people at the court of Matárem.
1566The second great sickness appears at Matárem, and the construction of the large gun, called Kiaí Gúntur Agni. An artificial lake made at Pléret.
1568Death of Sultan Kérta, and succession of his son.
1569The march of the Matárem people to Báli and Balambángan, and the submission of those people.
1571The construction of the mosque, and the marriage of the Sultan with the princess Kránon. The Kálang move to the east of the Sólo river.
1572The establishment of the court at Pléret, and the Susúnan's desire for maidens. The chiefs of all ranks, the soldiers, the natives of the coast, and the inhabitants of the country, were each ordered to marry two wives.
1573The appearance of the Chéribon minister with a present of an elephant; also that of the minister of Jámbi (on Sumatra), bringing accounts of the death of the Sultan. The first embassy from the Hollanders arrived at Matárem, bringing a present of four pieces of artillery.
1574The second embassy from the Hollanders, with various presents.
1575Great inundation at Matárem, and the appearance of a comet.
1576The subjection of the Sukadána people (on Borneo).
1577The subjection of the Siam people, and a present from the Company (the Dutch) of a horse of large size.
1579The marriage of the Pangéran Adipáti with the daughter of Mángun Jáya.
1580The Rámpok of an elephant.
1581Death of Pangéran Purbáya.
1582The introduction of copper píchis (a small coin).
1584Death of Ráden Tápa Sána.
1585Death of the Chéribon prince in Matárem, and the murder of Mérta Náta.
1586The appearance of a comet.
1587The banishment of the Pangéran Adipáti to Lipúra, to convert himself and do penance.
1588Death of the Rátu.
1592Order of the Susúnan to Aria Purbáya to kill Wíra Mang'gala.
​—​—Explosion of the powder magazine, by which the sentries were killed in a shocking manner.
​—​—The period when Europeans came to Matárem with a present of two horses.
1594The Susúnan's desire for maidens.
​—​—An uncommon eruption from a volcano, throwing out a great quantity of fire with sand and stones.
1595The arrival of the Búgis people at Demóng and the march of the Matárem forces joined with those of Manchanagara and the sea-coast.
1596The return of them, with the separation of Madura, Sumenap, and Grésik from the Matárem obedience. They join the rebel Truna Jaya.
1600They join together and attack Matárem and destroy it, the Susúnan leaving the court with the Rátu and family, after having burnt the same; death of the Susúnan at Tegál Wángi, and election of his son Mangkúrat.
1601Mangkúrat marches over Japára to Kediri, to exterminate the rebel Truna Jáya, with the assistance of the Company.
1602Kedíri taken and Trúna Jáya surrenders.
1603Trúna Jáya killed. The Susúnan goes to Pájang and establishes his court at Kerta Sura. Pangéran Pugar rebels against him, but is defeated and flies to Baglen.
1604Insurrection of the rebel Raju Námrúd at Salingo, and the destruction of the kráton by fire. The subjection of Pangéran Púgar to the Susúnan.
1605The arrival of ambassadors from Johór and Palémbang at Kérta Súra with a present of an elephant.
1606Marriage of the Susúnan with a princess of Gíri.
1607Age of Wána Kasúma.
1608Circumcision of the Pangéran Adipáti, and preparations made for a great chase at Kérta Súra.
1609Death of Captain Tak and other Europeans, and the rebellion of the eastern people, who join Surapátí. Several personal combats on the Paseban to divert the Susúnan.
1612The deplorable state of the court of Kérta Súra.
1613Fire in the mosque at Kérta Súra.
1614Excursion of the Susúnan to Manchíngan.
1610March of the Balambángan people coming from the south across Kedíri, where they assassinate men and women.
1620The Balambángan people march to Pasúruan, but are attacked at Pachatan and repulsed, with a loss of one thousand men.
​—​—The court at Kérta Súra surrounded with a wall of stone.
1621The conquest of Pranarága.
1622Death of Ráden Súkra and the illness of the Susúnan.
1623Kamagetan attacked by the people of Báli.
1624Personal combat between the Javans Téka and Janála, who were both killed.
1625March of the Susúnan to Matárem, and embassy sent by the Susúnan to Mecca, in order to obtain the rank of Haji.
1626Death of Susúnan Mangkúrat.
1628His son succeeds, and Ráden Súria Kasúma usurps the rank and title. The latter is defeated by the people of Kérta Súra and taken prisoner. Pangéran Púgar is arrested, and afterwards released. Being offended he proceeds to Semárang.
1630The people of the western sea-coast conquer Kérta Súra and expel the Susúnan from his dálam, who goes to the east, where he joins Surapáti with a thousand followers.
1630Arrival of the Europeans at Kérta Súra, who upon finding it deserted, appointed Pangéran Púgar as Susúnan.
1631The court of the exiled Susúnan held at Kedíri.
1633Pangéran Purbáya marches against the exiled Susúnan and conquers him. Surapáti is killed. He marches with the Admiral towards Pasúruan, where he is again victorious. The exiled Susúnan delivers himself up to the Admiral, who sends him to Surabáya, from whence he is sent with his Rátu and minister, Jaeng Rána, to Batavia.
1634Appointment of Jáya Puspíta as Adipáti of Surabáya.
1635Appointment of Tumúng'gung Chákra Jáya as minister, who is sent to Batavia in the following year.
1637Journey of the Susúnan to Matárem.
1641Journey of the Susúnan to Gáding.
1642First expedition of the Commodore to Surabáya. Conquest of Surabáya, in which the Admiral, Van der Lee, is killed. Appointment of Brinkman as Admiral.
1643Death of the Susúnan Pakubuána the first, and the succession of his eldest son.
1644Rebellion of Pangéran Blítar in Matárem, and the expedition of Admiral Brinkman against him, wherein the Admiral gained a complete victory.
1645Flight of Pangéran Blítar to Kamagétan. His death, and the transport of his body to Kérta Súra.
1648Arrest of Pangéran Purbáya Aría, Dípa Nagára, and Surapáti, who were all sent to Batavia, from whence Pangéran Aría was afterwards recalled.
1651Embassy of Tumúny'gung Níti Nágara to Batavia, and the death of Pangéran Purbáya.
1652Journey of the Kiái Adipáti to Semárang, to pay the debt of the Susúnan to the Company.
1653Arrest of Pangéran Aria Mángku Nagára, and his being delivered up to the Company.
1655Death of Pangéran Mángkubúmi, and the arrival of the Commodore at Kérta Súra.
1656The Kiái Adipáti dispatched to Semárang.
1657An eruption from a volcanic mountain which emitted flame for three days.
1658The Kiái Adipáti sent to Semárang, where he is arrested in the Dutch fort. Arrival of the Commodore at Kérta Súra.
1659Raden Adipáti Nata Kasúma sent to Batavia.
1662The Raden Adipáti sent to Batavia, and arrival of the Commodore at Kérta Súra.
1664Journey of the Susúnan to Matárem.
1667Conquest of Kérta Súra.
1668Conquest of Prándu Láwang.
1670Removal of the court of Súra Kérta to Sólo, which place is since called Súra Kérta Diníngrat.
1671Arrival of General Imhoff at Súra Kérta.
1675Death of Súsunan Pakubúana the second, and the time when Pangéran Aria Mangkubmi proclaimed himself Susúnan.
1676Battle of Mangkubumi at Jenar. Conquest of Pakálongan by him.
1682Interview between the Susúnan and Pangéran Mangkubumi. Peace established. The lands divided, and the Pangéran made Sultan of Yúgya Kérta Adiníngrat.
1685Rebellion of Pangéran Aria Mánku Nagára at Súra Kérta. The Susúnan occupies his new palace.
1686Arrival of Pangéran Juru at Súra Kérta, and flight of Pangéran Anom.
1688Dissolution of the marriage of the Susúnan with the Rátu of Madúra, and the death of Rátu Madúra Rétna and Ráden Radméja. The journey of the Rátu of Madúra to Madúra. Ráden Kúlon made Rátu.
1690The Susúnan assists in the erection of the triumphal pillars of the mosque.
1692The dálam is surrounded by a stone wall.

ACCOUNT
OF
THE SEVERAL PRINCIPAL DIVISIONS
OF
JAVA AND MADURA.

In several parts of this work, and in particular when treating of agriculture and revenue, reference has been made to the changes introduced by the British government in the internal management of the country, and to the information of a statistical nature which was collected with regard to its resources.

It may not be uninteresting to the reader to possess, in a compressed form, the result of the surveys and inquiries which were then set on foot, as far as the same were completed at the close of the British administration on Java. The Appendix L. contains a copy of the proclamation and of the general instructions issued by the government; the latter will sufficiently explain the principle on which the tables for the eastern districts were compiled.