9.
Notice the petroglyphs here, in particular the four mountain sheep and what appears to be a bear paw. These are, of course, far older than the Spanish inscriptions above them.
The Spanish inscription reads:
“Pasamos por aquí el Sargento Mayor y el Capitan Jude de Archuleta y el Ayudante Diego Martin Barba y el Alferez Agustin de Ynojos año de 1636.”
Translated, it reads:
“We passed by here, the Sergeant Major and Captain Juan de Archuleta and Adjutant Diego Martin Barba and Ensign Agustin de Ynojos, the year of 1636.”
The “Sergeant Major” was not an enlisted man, as now—he was the officer in direct command of the troops. The ensign was the standard bearer, corresponding in grade to a second lieutenant.
Barba and Archuleta were accused of aiding a rebellion during one of the numerous civil disturbances that plagued the Spanish in New Mexico. In 1643 they were beheaded.