The Instinctive Principle.
All modern controls are based on the instinctive principle, i.e. the movements of the control lever coincide in direction with the promptings of natural instinct. Thus, to change the course of a machine flying level into an upward one, the column is pulled towards the pilot, and for descent, the reverse, while to correct a bank, the column is moved in a direction opposed to that of the bank. For steering, a foot-bar is employed, so arranged that for a turn to the left the left foot is pushed forward, and the reverse for a right turn. On one well known machine of former days, the foot-bar actuated the lateral control, which is sufficient indication of the great diversity of opinion then existing.