INDEX
Abolition Societies, petition for prohibition of African slave trade to Louisiana, [250].
Adams, John, refers question of Presidential titles to Congress, [123];
his position in the matter, [123], [124], [125];
has popular sympathy in X Y Z affair, [231];
not a leader of a party, [231];
his quarrel with party leaders, [240];
effects of his foreign policy, [242].
Adams, John Quincy, erroneous statement regarding date of Madison's death, [1]-[3];
attempt to expel from Congress, [185];
on good luck of Jefferson, [244], [253];
supports Jefferson's embargo policy, [245].
Alien and Sedition Acts, passed in 1798, [231];
their justification, [231], [232];
influence election of 1800, [240].
Ames, Fisher, opposes impost on molasses, [127];
on proposal to tax imported slaves, [130];
his doubts of any future development of West, [140];
on banks, [162];
on over-devotion to Constitution, [173] n.;
on Madison's partisanship, [192].
Annapolis Convention, events leading up to, [52]-[59];
proposed by Maryland, [55], [59];
meets with delegates from five States, [59];
calls a convention of all the States to revise Constitution, [59], [60];
its meeting due to Madison, [61].
Armstrong, John, on impotence of embargo, [269];
instructed to demand compensation for French spoliation, [284].
Bainbridge, Captain William, in war with Tripoli, [252].
Bank, United States, debated in Congress, [162];
arguments for and against, [162], [163];
favored by House, [163];
discussion concerning, in cabinet, [163];
bill creating, signed by Washington, [163];
Madison's hostility to, [177], [178];
act creating, signed by Madison as President, [319].
Barbary States, war with, during Jefferson's administration, [252].
Barlow, Joel, letters of Madison to, as minister to France, [292], [293], [294];
instructed by Madison to insist on explanations, [305];
urges Bassano for a definite statement as to decrees, [306].
Barron, Commodore Samuel, in war with Tripoli, [252];
in the Chesapeake-Leopard affair, [265].
Bassano, Duke de, shows [ante-dated] revocation of Berlin and Milan decrees to Barlow, [305]-[307];
his reasons, [307].
Bayonne decree, [270].
Berlin decree, issued, [266];
negotiations concerning, [266]-[307].
See France.
Bonaparte, Napoleon, effect of his career on United States, [242];
sells Louisiana to United States, [249];
promulgates Berlin decree, [266];
the Milan decree, [268];
the Bayonne decree, [270];
causes conditional revocation of decrees, [282];
his policy and its success, [283];
issues Rambouillet decree, [284];
refuses compensation, [284];
his doctrine of blockade, [286], [288];
willingness of Madison to help, [288];
succeeds in forcing United States to declare war on England, [288], [289];
revokes decrees, [304].
Bradford, William, Jr., letter of Madison to, [11], [13], [26].
Breckenridge, John, offers Kentucky Resolutions of 1799, [239].
Brown, John, on advantages of slave trade for North, [130] n.
Burr, Aaron, interview of Jefferson and Madison with, [175].
Butler, Pierce, moves fugitive slave clause in Constitutional Convention, [107].
Calhoun, John C., leads war party in Congress, [292];
reports from Committee on Foreign Relations in favor of war, [295];
denounces Henry affair, [298].
Canada, its conquest looked forward to by war party, [293], [294], [310];
reluctance of New England to invade, [310].
Canning, George, sends instructions to Erskine, [273];
his directions not obeyed, [274];
repudiates Erskine's acts and recalls him, [275];
bitter comments of Madison upon, [276];
not really responsible for failure of negotiations, [276], [277].
Capital, discussion of its site, [139]-[143];
settlement of question concerning, by Jefferson's and Hamilton's bargain, [143], [151], [152].
Carrying trade acquired by United States during Napoleonic wars, [254]-[256].
Champagny, announces conditional revocation of Berlin and Milan decrees, [282].
Chesapeake and Leopard affair, [264]-[266], [274].
Clay, Henry, leads war party in Congress, [292], [294];
expects easy conquest of Canada, [294].
Clinton, De Witt, interview of Jefferson and Madison with, [175];
desires presidential nomination as candidate of war party, [296].
Clinton, George, candidate for presidential nomination, [272].
Cockburn, Admiral George, burns capital at Washington, [316], [317].
Confederation, Articles of, their uselessness according to Hamilton, [36];
require taxation in proportion to land, [37];
proposal to amend by substituting population, [38];
unable to create commercial union, [51], [52];
military inefficiency of, shown by Shays's rebellion, [73];
proposal of Jay to disregard, in making Spanish treaty, [79], [80];
desire of one party in Constitutional Convention to retain, [85], [86].
Congress, Continental, impotence of, in 1780, [20];
financial powerlessness of, [21], [22], [29];
draws bills on France without waiting for its reply to demand for loan, [28];
in danger from army, [29];
membership of, [30];
instructs Jay to insist on Mississippi navigation, [31];
reverses instructions, [32];
again changes to original position, [33];
proposes impost scheme to States, [33];
proposes five per cent. scheme, [33];
appoints committee to conciliate Rhode Island, [34];
proposes amendment to Articles of Confederation, [37];
adopts compromise concerning rate of taxing slaves, [41];
alarmed at Shays's rebellion, [73];
raises troops against, under pretext of attacking Indians, [73];
discusses proposal to abandon Mississippi navigation in return for commercial treaty with Spain, [78];
authorizes Jay to make treaty, [79];
later retracts consent to abandon navigation, [80];
prohibits slavery in Northwest Ordinance, [91], [92];
provides for inauguration of government under federal Constitution, [116], [122].
Congress of the United States, its slowness to assemble, [122], [123];
debates question of presidential titles, [123]-[126];
disagreement in, between Senate and House, [124];
debates impost and tonnage duties, [126]-[136];
debate in, over proposal to tax imported slaves, [128]-[133];
arguments in, against the tax, [130], [131];
regrets proposal, [132];
imposes moderate duties, [133];
adopts policy of free trade in slaves, [133] and n.;
lays differential tonnage duties, [134]-[136];
leadership of Madison in, [136], [137];
passing bills organizing government, [137];
debates question of removals from office, [137], [138];
proposes amendments to Constitution, [139];
debates location of capital, [139]-[142];
position of parties in, [140];
votes for Pennsylvania, [141];
its action reversed by Madison, [141], [142];
finally decides on Potomac as site, [142], [143];
asks Hamilton to report on public credit, [144];
votes to pay foreign debt, [144];
debate in, as to payment of domestic debt, [144]-[150];
arguments in, against and for payment of domestic creditors, [145]-[147];
rejects compromise proposed by Madison, [148];
rejects proposal to assume state debt, [150], [151];
later led by Hamilton's and Jefferson's bargain to consent, [151], [152];
petitioned by Quakers to oppose slavery, [152], [153];
debate in, over its powers and on slavery, [153]-[161];
ends debate without action, [161];
later debate in, on similar petition, [161];
its power over slavery defined by Madison and Gerry, [159], [160];
prohibits slave trade in foreign vessels, [161];
debates proposed National Bank, [162];
votes in its favor, [163];
establishes newspaper postage, [172];
arranges presidential succession in emergency, [176], [177];
aims to exclude Jefferson, [177];
proposal in to refer various matters to Hamilton, [180], [181];
refuses to let Hamilton appear before it, [181];
passes resolutions of inquiry concerning Hamilton's conduct, [189];
rejects resolutions of censure, [191];
attempts to block Jay treaty, [216], [217];
review of Madison's leadership of, [222], [223];
adopts Alien and Sedition Acts, [231];
prohibits introduction of slaves into Louisiana except by actual settlers, [250];
called by Jefferson to consider British aggressions, [267];
adopts embargo, [268];
repeals it, [271];
unable to adopt a policy, [280];
suspends non-importation act with threat to renew unless England and France revoke decrees, [280];
renews non-intercourse with England, [288];
determines on war with England, [293], [294];
passes embargo, [295];
declares war, [295], [296];
denounces John Henry letters as cause for war, [298];
adopts bank and tariff for protection, [319].
Connecticut, fails to appoint delegates to Annapolis Convention, [59];
its Revolutionary debt, [151].
Constitution of the United States, part of Madison in framing, [84], [85];
condemned by state-rights men as monarchical, [88], [89];
the slavery compromises in, [91]-[109];
strong and weak points in, [108], [109];
dissatisfaction of Madison with, [110];
his later efforts to secure adoption of, [110]-[112];
advocated by "The Federalist," [111], [112];
struggle in Virginia over its ratification, [112]-[116];
silent on removals from office, [137];
thought by Madison to justify impeachment for wanton removals, [138];
amendments to, proposed by Congress, [139];
said to be disregarded by petitioners against slavery, [153];
its relation to abolition defined by Madison, [156], [159];
and by Gerry, [159], [160];
Madison's strict construction of, surprises Federalists, [173], [174], [175];
held by Jefferson to prohibit Washington's neutrality proclamation, [196];
question of treaty power under, [216], [217];
the doctrine of nullification discussed, [234]-[240];
violated by Louisiana purchase, [247], [248].
Constitutional Convention, called by Annapolis Convention, [60];
difficulties in gaining attendance of States, [79];
its success endangered by feeling in South over proposed abandonment of Mississippi navigation, [81]-[83];
part played by Madison in, the "Virginia" plan, [84];
division of parties in, [85];
attitude of States'-rights party, [86]-[88];
their secession from, [90];
difficulties in, between large and small States, [90];
divisions in, between free and slave States, [91];
question of representation in, [94];
argument of Northern men against counting slaves in representation, [95], [96];
character of the compromise demanded in, [96], [97];
position of Southern delegates in, [101], [103];
debate in, over slave trade, [101]-[105];
adopts compromise permitting slave trade and granting Congress power over commerce, [106];
adopts fugitive slave clause, [107];
estimate of results of its labors, [107], [108].
Convention of Virginia. See Legislature.
Convention of Virginia for ratifying United States Constitution, campaign in elections for, [112];
part played by Madison in, [113]-[115];
votes to ratify Constitution, [115];
adjourns, [116].
Conway, Nelly, mother of Madison, [3];
statement of Rives as to her name, [3];
statements of Madison concerning, [3], [4].
Craddock, Lieutenant, [7].
Craig, Sir James, governor of Canada, sends Henry to investigate New England Federalists, [299], [300].
Curtis, George Ticknor, calls slavery compromise on representation an "unimportant anomaly," [94].
Dearborn, Henry, attempt of Foster to arrange armistice with, [308].
Debt, public, debate over it in Continental Congress, [28];
in first Congress, [144]-[152];
policy of Hamilton concerning, [149], [150].
Decatur, Stephen, in war with Tripoli, [252].
Delaware, connection with Potomac navigation, [55];
sends delegates to Annapolis Convention, [59];
only Federalist State outside New England, [243].
Democratic party, formed in first Congress, [165];
its career, [165], [166];
opinion of Hamilton on its organization by Jefferson and Madison, [166]-[168];
reasons of Madison for joining, [178]-[184];
plans to ruin Hamilton, [189];
its attack defeated in Congress, [189]-[191];
attitude toward France, [193], [194];
criticises the neutrality proclamation, [198];
welcomes Genet, [200];
suffers from his extravagance, [202];
imitates French manners, [207];
causes for its success, [210];
its reasons for disliking England, [214];
attacks Alien and Sedition Laws, [233];
carries election of 1800, [241];
does not demand removal of Federalists from offices, [251];
attempts of Federalists to discredit its foreign policy, [263], [264];
elects Madison president, [272];
determines on war with England, [291], [292], [293];
renominates Madison, [296];
its policy during war, [310]-[318];
rejoices at peace, [318];
supports national bank and protective tariff, [319].
Dexter, Samuel, on social equality in New England, [207], [208].
Diplomatic history, neutrality debated between Hamilton and Jefferson, [195];
neutrality proclamation issued, [196];
question as to validity of treaty engagements of 1778, [199], [200];
mission of Genet to United States, [199]-[202];
summary of Washington's foreign policy, [210], [211];
Jay treaty, [211];
its merits, defects, and reasons for acceptance, [211]-[218];
mission of Monroe to France, [218]-[220];
foreign relations under Jefferson's administration, [242], [243];
controversy over neutral commerce and impressments, [256]-[259];
Monroe-Pinkney treaty with England, [261]-[263];
Erskine's attempt to reconcile England and America, [272]-[277];
mission of Jackson to Washington, [278];
the offer of Congress to France and England, [281];
Napoleon's conditional revocation, [282]-[284];
England's refusal, [286];
further demands of Madison upon England, [287];
threatening language of Madison to France, [291]-[294;]
circumstances preceding war with England, [304]-[308];
treaty of Ghent, [318].
Directory. See France.
Disunion, expected in 1783, if five per cent. scheme fails, [35], [36];
danger of, on account of slave taxation question, [39];
feared by Madison in 1787, [74], [75];
would probably have been preferred by South to abandonment of Mississippi navigation, [81];
threatened by South in slavery debates in Constitutional Convention, [99], [100], [102], [103], [109];
freely threatened during Washington's administration, [187];
denounced by Madison late in life, [237];
threatened by New England, [301], [302];
Madison's last words a warning against, [324].
Douai, Merlin de, President of French National Convention, receives Monroe, [218].
Draper, Lyman C., letters of Madison to, on his ancestry, [3], [4] n., [6].
Ellsworth, Oliver, in Continental Congress, [30];
his education, [31];
disclaims interest of North for or against slave trade, [102];
makes cynical reply to Mason's condemnation of slavery, [102], [103].
Emancipation, movement for, in Northern States, [91];
petition of Benjamin Franklin in favor of, [152], [153];
of Warner Mifflin for, [161].
Embargo, recommended by Jefferson, passed by Congress, [268];
fails to affect England or France, [269];
its results in United States, [269];
leads to Bayonne decree, [270];
repealed, [271];
its failure explained by Madison, [278], [279];
renewed on eve of war with England, [295].
Emott, James, on doctrine of blockade, [286].
England, commercial retaliation against, proposed under the confederation, [47];
Virginian trade with, [47], [48];
rejoices at prospect of trouble over Mississippi navigation, [78];
its constitution imitated in Federal Convention, [89], [90];
discriminated against in tonnage duties of first Congress, [134], [135];
prejudice of Madison against, [135];
war with France, [197];
Federalists declared by opposition to be partisans of, [194], [197], [198], [200], [203]-[205];
its policy encourages dislike in America, [209];
makes Jay treaty, [211];
necessity of avoiding war with, [211], [214];
causes for Democratic dislike of, [214];
its overbearing attitude, [214], [215];
real attitude of Federalists toward, [215];
temporary stoppage of friction with, [242], [243];
loses carrying trade to America, [254], [255];
obliged to adopt measures against neutrals in order to defeat France, [256], [257];
inability of America to resist its depredations, [257], [258], [259];
impresses seamen from American vessels, [258];
non-importation measures adopted against, [260];
refuses to abandon impressment, [262];
makes treaty with Monroe, [262];
refuses to reopen negotiations, [263];
its part in Chesapeake controversy, [266];
issues order in council, [268];
not affected by embargo, [269];
attempted reconciliation with, made through Erskine, [272]-[275];
attempt of Congress to induce her to revoke orders, [280], [281];
view of Madison as to her policy, [282];
refuses to recognize France's alleged revocation of decrees, [286];
refuses to abandon blockade, [286];
growth of party desirous of war with, [292], [294];
war declared with, [295], [296];
position of Madison concerning war with, [296]-[303];
said to have plotted with New England, [298], [301];
points out to United States that France has not revoked decrees, [305];
promises to repeal order in council as soon as France revokes, [306];
does so, [307];
fails to prevent war on impressment issue, [308];
its successes in war, [316], [317];
makes peace of Ghent, [318].
Erskine, David M., confers with Madison before his inauguration, [272];
exceeds his instructions and promises a withdrawal of orders in council, [273];
does not insist on other concessions, [274];
proposes settlement of Chesapeake matter, [274];
fails to resent remarks of Smith, [274];
his arrangement repudiated and himself recalled, [275];
comments of Madison on his behavior, [276];
replaced by Jackson, [277].
Essex Junto, said by Madison to have been proved through Henry letters to plan secession, [298], [301].
"Federalist," Madison's share in, [111], [112].
Federalist party, Madison at first a member of, [164];
its career, [165];
survival of its principles, [166];
secession of Madison from, [172], [173];
views Madison with suspicion, [174]-[176];
in Congress, arranges presidential succession in emergency so as to exclude Jefferson, [176], [177];
accuses Madison of changing opinions in hopes of place, [180], [181];
its deference to Hamilton, [180];
accused of desiring monarchy by Jefferson and Madison, [186];
and of favoring England, [194], [197], [198], [200], [203]-[205];
profits by reaction against Genet, [202], [203];
accused of deluding Washington, [204], [206];
the only impartial American party, [215];
commits blunders after X Y Z affair, [231];
passes Alien and Sedition Acts, [231];
its attitude toward foreign immigrants, [231], [232];
loses popularity, [233];
quarrels in, [240];
defeated in election of 1800, [240], [241];
loses ground everywhere, [243];
rejoices at peace of Ghent, [318];
disappears from politics, [319].
Ferrar, Will, [7].
Finances of the Revolution, their breakdown in 1780 described by Madison, [20];
reforms suggested by Madison of state paper money, [21];
proposal to collect supplies and pay in certificates, [22];
drawing of bills on France without waiting for acceptance of loan, [28];
public debt in 1783, [28];
deficit in revenue, [29];
the impost scheme defeated by Rhode Island, [33];
the five per cent. scheme proposed, [33];
debate concerning, [34]-[37];
fails, [38];
paper-money craze in States, [67].
Floyd, Catherine, engaged to Madison, [42];
breaks the engagement, [43], [44].
Floyd, General William, wishes his daughter to marry Madison, [42].
Foster, Augustus J., British minister, tries to prevent outbreak of hostilities on learning of revocation of orders in council, [307], [308].
France, trade with, preferred by Madison to English trade, [136];
enthusiasm of Jefferson and Madison for, [192];
cautious attitude of Hamilton in payments to, angers Democrats, [193], [194];
declares war against England, [195];
desire of Democrats to help, [197];
relations with, according to treaty of 1778, discussed, [199];
defended by Democrats in Genet case, [203];
gratitude to, traditional, [209];
mission of Monroe to, [218]-[220];
commits outrages on American merchant vessels, [219];
indignant at Jay treaty, [220];
takes Democratic view of American administration, [220];
relations with, during Adams's administration, [230];
X Y Z affair, [230];
improved relations of Jefferson's administration with, [242];
enforces Berlin decree against American vessels, [266], [267];
these aggressions not resented by Jefferson, [267];
attempt of Congress to induce it to revoke decrees, [280], [281];
expectations of Madison as to its policy, [282];
makes a conditional reply to the conditional offer of Congress, [282]-[284];
insists that England also withdraw, or that United States "cause rights to be respected," [283];
refuses compensation for Rambouillet decree, [284];
succeeds in inducing Madison to accept revocation, [285];
continues to seize American ships, [285], [286];
partiality of Madison's policy toward, [287], [288];
success of French policy, [288], [289];
vigorous language of Madison toward, [291], [292], [293];
war with, threatened, [294];
does not really revoke decrees until war is about to break out between United States and England, [304]-[305];
displays ante-dated revocation, [307].
Franklin, Benjamin, signs memorial for abolition of slavery, [152];
denounced by Southerners in Congress, [153].
French Revolution, applauded by Democrats, [193];
desires of Democrats to assist, [194];
attitude of Federalists toward, [193], [195];
its phraseology and mannerisms imitated in America, [207].
Freneau, Philip, Madison's responsibility for his establishment in State Department, [168];
Madison's purposes in recommending him to Jefferson, [169], [170];
his paper and its character, [170], [171];
his relations to Jefferson and Madison, [171];
care of Madison for, [172].
Gallatin, Albert, opposes Alien and Sedition Acts, [233];
career as secretary of treasury, [252];
condemned by opposition for failure of Erskine's negotiations, [275];
warns Madison of invasion of Chesapeake, [317].
Genet, Edmond Charles, his recognition opposed by Hamilton, [199];
upheld successfully by Jefferson, [200];
anxiety of Madison as to his reception, [200];
alienates Jefferson by his excesses, [201];
accuses Jefferson of duplicity, [201], [202];
at first promises good behavior, [202];
his recall, [207], [209];
effect of his presence on parties in United States, [207];
fears of Jefferson that his recall may cause an insurrection, [209].
Georgia, willing for sake of alliance with Spain to abandon Mississippi navigation, [32];
fails to appoint delegates to Annapolis convention, [52];
attitude toward slavery in Constitutional Convention, [109].
Gerry, Elbridge, anticipated by Henry in device of gerrymandering, [120];
in first Congress opposes taxation of molasses, [127];
favors tax on imported slaves, [132];
asserts power of Congress to interfere with slavery and slave trade, [159], [160].
Gerrymandering, used by Henry in Virginia to defeat Madison's election to Congress, [120], [121].
Giddings, Joshua R., attempt to expel from Congress, [185].
Giles, W. B., offers resolutions demanding investigation of Hamilton's conduct, [189];
offers resolutions of censure, [191].
Goodhue, Benjamin, opposes impost on molasses, [127].
Gorham, Nathaniel, seconds Pinckney's motion for extension of period of slave trade, [106].
[Guardoqui], ——, negotiates with Jay about Mississippi navigation, [79].
Hamilton, Alexander, in Continental Congress, [30];
equal to Madison in political information, [31];
opposes limitation of five per cent. scheme to twenty-five years, [34], [35];
does not wish to postpone crisis of confederation, [36];
supports Madison's slavery compromise concerning taxation, [41];
writes address of Annapolis Convention, [59];
on name "Federalist," [86];
in Constitutional Convention proposes representation according to free population, [94];
his share in "The Federalist," [111];
carries New York for Constitution, [115];
his bargain concerning location of capital, [143], [151];
his report on public credit, [145];
suspected of purpose to throw government of country into hands of wealthy, [149];
recommends a bank, [162];
his argument persuades Washington, [163];
becomes convinced of Madison's opposition, [166];
still believes him honest, [166];
begins to suspect sincerity of his motives, [166], [167];
accuses him of tampering with President's message, [167];
and of aiding Freneau, [168];
avows intention to treat Madison as an enemy, [181];
begins newspaper controversy, [185];
attacks Jefferson bitterly, [186];
consulted by Washington as to declining a second term, [186];
denies accusation of being a monarchist, [186];
violently attacked by Jefferson to Washington, [187];
his reply, [188];
his conduct attacked in Congress by Giles and Madison, [189], [190];
replies successfully, [190];
failure of resolution of censure against, [191];
personal hatred of Madison and Jefferson for, [192];
condemned also because of his attitude toward France, [193];
slow to pay French debt, [193];
defends neutrality in "Pacificus" papers, [198];
argues against alliance with France, [199];
and against receiving a minister from French Republic, [199];
stoned for defending Jay treaty, [212].
Hamilton, John C., asserts Madison's authorship of Giles's resolutions, [189], [190].
Hartford Convention, its purpose, [311];
alarm felt toward, [312];
brought to nothing by peace of Ghent, [311].
Henry, John, his revelations bought by Madison, [297];
said to prove a plot for reannexing New England to Great Britain, [298];
said to be a just cause for war, [298];
his career as emissary of governor of Canada in Massachusetts, [299];
compromises nobody, [300], [301].
Henry, Patrick, opposes ratification of Constitution, [112];
considers state sovereignty attacked by Constitution, [114];
continues to oppose Constitution in Virginia Assembly, [118];
leads Assembly to call for a new convention, [118];
nominates and elects two anti-federalist senators, [119];
gerrymanders Madison's congressional district, [120];
fails to prevent his election, [120], [121].
Hildreth, Richard, on Madison's acquaintance with Kentucky Resolutions, [234], [235];
on Madison's career, [323].
Humphreys, Colonel David, letter of Madison to, on secession of New England, [302].
Impressment, its exercise by England, [258], [259];
discussion over, in Monroe treaty, [262];
abandoned in treaty, [262];
used as pretext for war of 1812, [308];
yet not mentioned in treaty of peace, [308].
Independence of colonies, urged by Virginia, [15], [16].
Jackson, Francis J., replaces Erskine as British minister to United States, [278];
accuses Madison of bad faith, [278];
his recall demanded, [278].
Jay, John, instructed as minister to Spain, regarding Mississippi navigation, [31]-[33];
tries to induce Congress to abandon Mississippi navigation in order to make treaty with Spain, [79];
wishes to evade Articles of Confederation, [80];
his project opposed by Madison, [81], [82];
his share in "The Federalist," [87], [111];
his treaty with England, [211];
its character and justification, [211];
condemned in cities, [212];
his negotiations opposed by Monroe, [220].
Jay treaty, [211]-[218].
See Diplomatic History.
Jefferson, Thomas, letter of Madison to, on condition of country, [19], [20];
consoles Madison on his disappointment in love, [44];
at Madison's suggestion, confers with Maryland delegates on Potomac navigation, [53];
his act for establishing religious freedom passed by legislature, [65];
comments on its passage, [65] n.;
wishes Madison to join him in Europe, [68];
corresponds with Madison on steamboats, [69], [70];
informed by Madison of prehistoric relics, [71];
on Shays's rebellion, [75];
on bargain in Constitutional Convention between New England and slave States, [106];
letters of Madison to, on Constitution, [110], [116];
and on Virginia politics, [119], [120];
letter of Madison to, on debate over President's title, [124];
letter of Madison to, on foreign commerce, [136];
his views on removals from office, [138];
relation to bargain for location of capital, [143], [152];
opposes a national bank, [163];
influences Madison to abandon Federalist party, [164], [174];
his character and motives as viewed by Hamilton, [166], [167], [168];
connection with Freneau, [168]-[171], [175];
suggestion of Madison to, with regard to circulating Freneau's paper, [172];
his tour in Eastern States misrepresented by Federalists, [175];
hatred of Federalists for, [176];
action of Federalists in Congress to prevent his accession as president pro tempore, [176], [177];
attacked by Hamilton in press, [186];
condemns Hamilton in letter to Washington, [187], [188];
his personal hatred of Hamilton, [192];
dislikes him for attitude toward French Revolution, [193];
sympathizes with Jacobins, [193], [194];
objects to declaration of neutrality, [195], [196];
secures modification of proclamation, [196];
wishes to aid France as far as possible, [197];
urges Madison to reply to Hamilton, [198];
secures recognition of Genet, [200];
letters of Madison to, on Genet's reception, [200];
condemns Genet's excesses, [201], [202];
fears reaction in favor of administration, [202], [203];
letters of Madison to, on Washington, [204];
describes Washington's anger at Freneau, [205];
not sincere in considering him a dupe, [206];
fears recall of Genet may cause revolution, [209];
letter of Madison to, on Jay treaty in House of Representatives, [217];
his honest love for farming, [226], [227];
correspondence of Madison with, concerning farming, [228];
requested by Madison to furnish material for house, [228], [229];
writes Kentucky Resolutions, [234];
author of nullification, [234];
avoids public responsibility for resolutions, [235];
his probable reasons for writing them, [235], [236];
denied on erroneous grounds by Madison to have used term "nullification," [239], [240];
offers Madison secretaryship of state, [241];
his inauguration, [242];
in his inaugural speech urges harmony, [243];
success of his first term, [244];
popular support of, called infatuation by Federalists, [244];
his absolute control as a leader, [245];
his secretive methods, [245];
boldness in assuming responsibility for Louisiana purchase and other matters, [246];
overshadows and directs Madison, [246];
does not foresee consequences of Louisiana annexation in stimulating slavery, [246], [247];
his purposes to insure peace, [247], [249];
abused by opponents, [247];
admits unconstitutionality of Louisiana treaty, [248];
comments on criticisms of Federalists, [248];
his fortune in seizing opportunity, [249];
sends expedition of Lewis and Clarke, [249];
gains credit for Gallatin's financial policy, [252];
other successes of his first term, [252];
becomes involved in [foreign controversy], [254];
his naval policy, [257], [258];
supported by Madison in policy of commercial pressure, [260];
sends Pinkney to make a treaty with England, [261];
instructs to insist on abandonment of impressment, [262];
dissatisfied with treaty, [263];
after Leopard affair, orders British ships of war out of American waters, [265];
reluctant to go to war with France, [267];
calls special session of Congress to consider England's aggressions, [267];
recommends an embargo, [268];
receives news of order in council and Milan decree, [268];
loses control of party with failure of embargo, [270], [271];
dictates choice of successor, [272];
letter of Madison to, on Erskine affair, [276];
on preparations for war, [293].
Jennings, Paul, describes Madison's flight from British, [317] n.;
describes Madison's kindness to slaves, [321];
and his temperance, [321];
his estimate of Madison's character, [323].
Jones, Joseph, desires to be appointed delegate to Congress, [22].
Jordan, Cicely, suit of Pooley against, [7].
Kentucky Resolutions, their preparation by Jefferson, [234], [235].
King, Rufus, remark of Giles to, on Madison's authorship of resolutions against Hamilton, [190].
Knox, General Henry, on Genet's course, [201].
Lee, Richard Henry, opposes Constitution, [112];
favors a high-sounding presidential title, [124].
Legislature, of Virginia, instructs delegates to Congress to urge independence of colonies, [15], [16];
debates Bill of Rights, [16];
adopts religious liberty, [17], [18];
elects Madison member of Council, [19];
and delegate to Continental Congress, [19];
neglects to pay his salary, [23]-[25];
its vacillating course regarding Mississippi navigation, [31]-[33];
revokes assent to impost law, [34];
but assents to five per cent. scheme, [34];
its power to make or mar central government, [46];
agrees to proposed amendment to Articles of Confederation, [46];
promises to pay requisitions and old debts, [46], [47];
agrees to temporary control by Congress of trade, [47];
led by Madison to establish ports of entry to regulate foreign trade, [49], [50];
later modifies the law, [51];
appoints commissioners to discuss Potomac question with Maryland, [54];
considers petitions to improve trade, [55];
defeats attempt of Madison to instruct delegates to give Congress power over financial and commercial questions, [56];
induced by influence of Maryland to appoint commissioners to Annapolis Convention, [57], [58];
elects delegates to Federal Convention, [60];
disregards treaty provisions with England, [61], [62];
passes act to incorporate Episcopal Church, [63];
debates question of compulsory support of religion, [63], [64];
passes act for establishing religious freedom, [65];
resists paper-money craze, [67];
instructs delegates to oppose abandonment of Mississippi navigation, [83];
led by Henry to call for a second Constitutional Convention, [118];
elects two anti-Federalist senators, [119];
gerrymanders Madison's congressional district, [120], [121];
Madison's visit to, in 1798, [230], [235];
adopts resolutions against Alien and Sedition Laws, [235];
part played by Madison in, 1799, [236].
Leopard and Chesapeake affair, [264]-[266], [274].
Lewis and Clarke, their expedition sent by Jefferson, [249], [250].
Library of Congress, proposed by Madison, [31].
Lincoln, Benjamin, captured at Charleston, [19];
defeats Shays's Rebellion, [73].
Little Belt affair, [290].
Livermore, Samuel, his ingenious argument as to taxing importation of slaves, [131].
Liverpool, Lord, connection with John Henry letters, [300].
Livingston, Robert R., interview of Jefferson and Madison with, [175].
Louisiana, purchase of, essentially Jefferson's policy, [246];
unwarranted by Constitution, [247], [248];
justified by general welfare, [248];
a result of fortunate circumstances, [248], [249];
its consequences not foreseen by Jefferson, [249], [250];
encourages slave trade, [250], [251].
Madison, Mary, wife of Captain Isaac Madison, [7], [8].
Madison ancestry, statement of Madison concerning, [4] n.
Madison, Captain Isaac, supposed by Rives to be ancestor of James Madison, [7];
his career in Virginia, [7], [8];
proof that he was not James's ancestor, [8], [9];
dies leaving a wife and daughter, [8], [9].
Madison, James, father of President Madison, [3], [4];
his estates and wealth, [5];
educates his children, [10];
his death, [242].
Madison, James, dates of birth and death, [1];
said by J. Q. Adams to have died on anniversary of ratification of Constitution by Virginia, [1]-[2];
error in the coincidence, [2], [3];
his mother's family and name, [3], [4];
his ancestry, [4]-[9];
his own statements concerning family, [4] n., [5], [6], [9];
sent to school, [10];
gratitude toward schoolmaster, [10];
prepares for and enters Princeton, [10];
conflicting statements concerning his studies, [11];
depressed by ill-health, [11];
takes deep interest in theology, [11], [12];
becomes opponent of religious intolerance, [12], [13];
speaks disparagingly of politics, [13], [14].
Revolutionary Leader.
Erroneously said to have joined a militia company, [15];
member of county committee of safety, [15];
delegate to Virginia Convention, [15];
on committee to frame Constitution, [16];
advocates recognition of right to religious freedom instead of toleration, [16], [17];
elected to Assembly, [17];
refuses to solicit or buy votes and loses reëlection, [18];
chosen member of governor's council, [19].
In Continental Congress.
Elected delegate to Congress, [19];
describes to Jefferson the desperate situation in 1780, [20];
considers lack of revenue the true cause, [20];
proposes fruitlessly that Congress request States to cease issuing paper money, [21];
proposes enforced collection of supplies, [22];
his industry, [23];
appeals to Virginia for pecuniary aid, [23], [24];
helped by Solomon, a broker, [24];
eventually paid, [24], [25];
takes slight interest in military affairs, [25];
his lack of enthusiasm, [26], [27];
on finance committee, [28];
disgusted at method of drawing foreign bills, [28];
his share in proposing remedies, [30];
his knowledge of constitutional law, [30];
urges formation of a Library of Congress, [31];
instructs Jay to insist upon Mississippi navigation, [31];
opposes rescinding these instructions, [32];
condemns rejection by Rhode Island of impost scheme, [33], [34];
refuses to change his position to accommodate Virginia, [34];
his reasons for favoring scheme, [35];
less impatient than Hamilton, [35], [36];
writes address urging acceptance of five per cent. scheme, [36];
proposes a compromise on basis of taxation as concerns slaves, [41];
love affair with Miss Floyd, [42];
jilted by her, [43];
consoled by Jefferson, [44].
Member of Virginia Legislature.
Chosen to Virginia Assembly, [45];
hopes to strengthen Union, [46];
supports measures to give Congress greater power, [47];
introduces a bill to establish ports of entry in Virginia, [49];
wishes to regulate commerce, [50];
his purpose defeated, [50], [51];
his purpose to stimulate Virginian trade, [52];
his views on navigation of Potomac, [52];
suggests to Jefferson a conference with Maryland, [53], [54];
secures appointment of commissioners by Virginia, [54];
advocates, vainly, granting Congress power to regulate trade, [56];
prepares resolution to appoint commissioners to meet representatives of other States, [57];
fails to carry measure, [57];
after report of Maryland's proposal, secures passage of resolution, [58];
chosen to Federal Convention, [60];
chairman of committee to codify Virginia statutes, [61];
tries, vainly, to secure payment of British debts, [62];
votes for incorporation of Episcopal Church, [63];
opposes bill to tax for support of church, [64];
circulates a "Memorial and Remonstrance," [64];
his arguments, [65], [66];
praised by Jefferson, [65] n.;
leads opposition to issue of paper money, [67];
assents to bill authorizing use of tobacco certificates, [67];
continues to study politics and science, [68], [69];
on Rumsey's steamship, [69], [70];
on discoveries of fossils and human relics, [70]-[72].
In Congress.
Describes collapse of Confederacy in 1787, [74];
suspects plans for a monarchy, [74];
discouraged at outlook for Constitutional Convention, [76];
opposes Jay's plan to abandon Mississippi navigation, [81];
fears it will ruin Constitutional Convention, [82], [83];
said to have "bargained" on this point with Kentucky delegates in Virginia legislature, [82];
fears Mississippi question will prevent Virginia from appointing delegates to convention, [82].
Member of Federal Convention.
"The Father of the Constitution," [84];
his report of proceedings of convention, [84];
his relation to formation of Constitution, [84], [85];
on use of term "Federal," [86] n.;
unconscious of his own use of British precedents, [90];
views on slavery, [91];
recognizes difficulties in convention to lie between North and South, [92], [99];
wishes slaves to count in basis of representation, [94], [95];
opposed to foreign slave trade, [104];
disapproves its permission in Constitution, [105];
on finality of slavery compromises, [107];
his view of their necessity to preserve Union, [108], [109].
Advocate of Constitution in Virginia.
Doubtful as to success of plan, [110];
later determines to urge it, [110], [111];
disapproves proposal for a second convention, [111];
his share in "The Federalist," [111]-[112];
returns to Virginia as candidate for convention, [112];
not an orator, [113];
his reasoning ability, [113];
doubtful of success, [114];
bears chief burden of debate, [115];
after ratification returns to Congress, [116];
described by Brissot de Warville, [117]-[118];
defeated for senator in Virginia Assembly through Henry's influence, [119];
wishes election to House of Representatives, [119];
his election in spite of "gerrymander" arranged by Henry, [120], [121].
In Congress.
Describes controversy over title of President, [124];
introduces revenue plan in Congress, [126];
willing to admit incidental protection, [126];
advocates taxation on imported slaves, [131], [132];
proposes discriminating tonnage duties, [134];
especially against Great Britain, [135];
calls advocates of English trade "Anglicists," [135], [136];
acts as leader of House in organizing government, [136], [137];
on power of President to remove from office, [138];
considers wanton removal sufficient cause for impeachment, [138];
proposes twelve declaratory amendments to Constitution, [139];
labors to prevent establishment of national capital in Pennsylvania, [141], [142];
opposes assumption of state debts, [143];
considers the Southern location of capital a compensation, [143];
reports in favor of petition to settle public debt, [144];
proposes discrimination in favor of original holders of domestic debt, [147], [148];
his proposal impracticable, [149];
unjustly assumes superiority for Virginia over Massachusetts during Revolution, [150];
his views on Hamilton's and Jefferson's bargain, [152];
stigmatizes debates on Franklin's anti-slavery petitions as "indecent," [152];
advises moderation on part of slaveholders, [154];
suggests investigation of American participation in slave trade to foreign countries, [155], [156];
wishes a decisive declaration as to limits of Congressional power, [156];
dreads effect of agitation, [157];
finally resents extravagance of pro-slavery advocates, [159];
courage of his position, [162];
opposes Hamilton's plan of a bank as unconstitutional, [162];
at Washington's request, writes out his objections, [163];
his change from Federalist to Democrat, [164];
influenced by Jefferson, [164];
comments of Hamilton on his attitude, [166];
accused of low motives for his opposition, [166], [167];
and of tampering with Washington's address to Congress, [167], [168];
accused by Hamilton of complicity with Freneau, [168];
defends his patronage of Freneau to Randolph, [169];
admits his approval of Freneau's paper, [169], [170];
hopes it will act as an antidote to monarchical schemes, [170];
denies any connection with its contents, [171];
advises Freneau not to send his paper by mail, [172];
his "apostasy" as viewed by Federalists, [172]-[175];
his Northern tour with Jefferson regarded by Federalists with suspicion, [175], [176];
advocates succession of secretary of state in case of death of President and Vice-President, [176];
condemns stock-jobbing in connection with bank, [177];
dreads its influence over country, [178], [179];
accused by Federalists of joining the winning side, [180];
seems to be governed by animosity toward Hamilton, [180], [181];
bitterness of Hamilton toward, [181];
discussion of causes for Madison's changed position, [181]-[183];
verdict of history adverse, [183], [184];
consulted by Washington on propriety of declining a reëlection, [186];
asserted to be author of Giles's resolutions of censure on Hamilton, [189], [190];
supports them in debate, [192];
comments of Ames upon, [192];
sympathizes with French Revolution, [193];
condemns Hamilton's slowness in paying French debt, [193];
slow in committing himself with regard to neutrality, [198];
takes his cue from party denunciation of Washington, [198];
urged by Jefferson to reply to Hamilton's "Pacificus" papers, [198];
writes a series under name "Helvidius," [198], [199];
hopes Genet will be warmly welcomed, [200];
condemns Genet's folly, [202];
reports to Jefferson increased strength of "Anglican party" in Virginia, [202], [203];
regrets Washington's position, [204];
hardly sincere in considering him a dupe of Hamilton, [206];
deplores Jay treaty, [216];
introduces resolution calling for Jay's instructions and other papers, [216];
condemns Washington's refusal, [217];
bitterly disappointed at support of treaty in the House, [217];
his correspondence with Monroe relative to the treaty, [221], [222];
review of his part in Congress, [222], [223];
marries Mrs. Dolly Payne Todd, [223].
In Retirement.
His continued interest in politics, [225];
historical value of his writings, [225], [226];
their stiff literary style, [226];
his mild interest in farming compared with Jefferson's, [226]-[228];
builds house at Montpellier, [228]-[230];
his care in furnishing it, [229], [230].
In Virginia Assembly, the Virginia Resolutions.
Elected to legislature, [230]-[236];
possibly connected with Jefferson's Kentucky Resolutions, [234], [235];
determines to induce Virginia legislature to protest against Alien and Sedition Acts, [235];
later, in 1830-1836, explains his conduct, [236]-[238];
denies any connection between the Virginia Resolutions and later doctrine of nullification, [237];
denounces secession, [237], [238];
tries to exculpate Jefferson, [239], [240].
Secretary of State.
His reasons for accepting Jefferson's offer of Department of State, [241];
detained from attendance at inauguration by death of father, [242];
rejoices in decline of Federalist party, [243];
overshadowed in his office by Jefferson, [246];
writes paper on British treatment of neutral trade, [257];
indignant at English depredations, [258];
favors non-importation, [260];
condemns Monroe's treaty of 1806, [263];
complains of British indifference to proclamation ordering them out of American waters, [266].
President.
Named for succession by Jefferson, [272];
received a diminished electoral vote, [272];
confers with Erskine, [272], [273];
on his assurances issues proclamation repealing non-intercourse, [274];
his sudden popularity, [275];
forced by Canning's action to resume embargo, [275];
bitterly condemned by mercantile classes, [275], [276];
comments on situation, [276];
his mortification, [277];
issues proclamation recalling vessels, [277];
acts as his own foreign secretary, [278];
insulted by Jackson, demands his recall, [278];
later admits failure of embargo, [278];
unable to command harmony in his party, [279];
wishes non-intercourse with both England and France, [280];
authorized to enforce it against either country, [280];
his dismay at prospect, [282];
expects little result from non-intercourse, [282];
accepts statement of Napoleon as to revocation of Milan and Berlin decrees, [283];
orders Armstrong to insist on compensation for Rambouillet decree, [284];
submits to refusal of Napoleon, [284];
issues proclamation revoking non-intercourse with France, [285];
bitterly attacked by Federalists, [285], [286];
instructs ministers to insist on England's revocation of blockade of a portion of French coast, [287];
willing to help Napoleon, [288];
comments on Little Belt affair, [290];
still wishes to keep peace, [291];
repeats to Congress his complaints against Napoleon as well as England, [291];
protests to France against its trickery, [292];
despises Clay and the war party, [293];
continues to threaten France, [293], [294];
recommends a sixty-day embargo, [295];
follows it by recommending a declaration of war, [295];
his reasons for opposing war, [296];
his rivals for presidential nomination, [296];
asserted to have bought renomination by yielding to war party, [297];
buys letters of John Henry, [297];
submits them to Congress as a cause for war, [298];
later never refers to them, [298];
his probable motives in then believing them, [301];
does not really expect secession of New England, [302], [303];
uses the Henry letters in order to hurry on war, [303];
this act the test of his character and career, [303], [304];
placed in a dilemma by Napoleon's duplicity with regard to Berlin and Milan decrees, [305];
and still more so by action of France in revoking decrees in 1812, [305]-[307];
and by English revocation of Orders in Council, [307], [308];
determines to continue war on impressment issue alone, [308];
yet does not insist on even that in peace negotiations, [308];
hopes the war will be popular, [309];
despises naval success, [310];
his error in neglecting navy and failing to involve New England in war, [310], [311];
bitterness toward New England's opposition to war, [311];
alarmed at Hartford Convention, [311], [312];
discussion of his error in consenting to war, [312], [313];
his qualities not suited for executive office, [313], [314];
in spite of popular reputation shows weakness, [314];
shows incompetency in conduct of war, [315], [316];
devoted to idea of conquering Canada, [316];
expelled from Washington by British, [317];
rejoices at peace of Ghent, [319];
undisturbed during remainder of term, [319];
assents to a national bank, [319];
and to a tariff, [319].
In Retirement.
Continues interested in politics and history of country, [319], [320];
writes much upon slavery, [320], [321];
his kindness as a master, [321];
temperate habits, [321], [322];
one of the democratic school, [322];
relations with Robert Owen, [322];
with Fanny Wright, [322];
interest in education, [322];
in education of women, [323];
contradictory estimates of, [323];
his "Advice to My Country," [324].
Characteristics.
General estimate, [313]-[316], [323]-[324];
unfriendly views, [166]-[168], [323];
executive ability, lack of, [313], [314];
farming, interest in, [227], [228];
imagination, lack of, [226];
independence, [175], [184], [246];
kindliness, [321], [323];
liberality, [322];
literary ability, [226];
mildness, [13], [14];
military weakness, [25], [309], [310], [313];
modesty, [5];
natural science, interest in, [68]-[72];
oratory, [113];
personal appearance, [117];
political ability, [61], [222], [225];
reasoning power, [113], [115], [117], [238];
religious views, [11], [12];
self-seeking, [182]-[184], [297], [312], [314];
sincerity, [169], [172], [313];
seriousness, [11], [18], [26], [27], [43], [226], [227];
studiousness, [11], [23], [30], [45], [67], [68];
subjection to Jefferson, [104], [193] ff., [246];
temperance, [321], [322];
women, attitude toward, [322], [323].
Political Opinions.
Annapolis Convention, [57], [58];
assumption of state debt, [150], [151];
bank, [162], [163], [177], [319];
bill of rights, [139];
compromises in the Constitution, [107]-[109], [156];
Constitution, [84], [110]-[112], [139], [173], [237]-[239], [320];
domestic debt, payment of, [147];
embargo, [278];
England, [134], [135], [197], [276], [287], [295], [296], [308];
Federalists, [170], [178], [186], [193], [200], [243];
finances of Confederation, [21], [22];
financial methods of Hamilton, [189];
five per cent. scheme, [33]-[37];
foreign policy, [196], [204], [274]-[275], [280], [281];
France, "Continental" system of, [283]-[285], [287], [288], [291]-[294], [304];
French Revolution, [193], [200], [203];
Hartford Convention, [312];
impressment, [308];
instruction, doctrine of, [32]-[34];
Jay treaty, [216];
John Henry letters, [298], [301], [303];
Mississippi navigation, [31]-[33], [80]-[83];
navy, [310];
neutrality proclamation, [198];
New England, [302], [311];
non-importation, [260];
nullification, [236]-[238], [239], [240];
paper money, [67], [118];
petition, right of, [154];
Potomac navigation, [52]-[54];
protection, [126], [134], [319];
removals from office, [138];
religious freedom, [12], [13], [16], [17], [62]-[66];
secession, [237], [324];
site of capital, [141]-[143];
slave trade, [132], [155], [159];
slavery, [108], [109], [320];
slave ratio in representation, [94], [99], [104], [105];
slave ratio in taxation, [41];
slavery, power of Congress over, [156], [159];
state sovereignty, [237];
taxation, [126], [131];
titles, presidential, [124];
trade in Virginia, [49]-[51];
treaty power, [217];
union, necessity of, [46], [48], [62], [74], [81]-[83];
Virginia Resolutions, [235] ff.;
war of 1812, [312], [313], [314], [316].
Madison, John, patentee in 1635, supposed ancestor of James Madison, [6].
Magraw, ——, saves portrait of Washington from British, [318].
Maryland, navigates Potomac concurrently with Virginia, [52], [53];
appoints commissioners to discuss Potomac matter with Virginia, [54];
suggests inviting all the States to send delegates, [55];
fails to send delegates to Annapolis Convention, [59].
Martin, Luther, opposes any centralization as monarchical, [75];
condemns action of Federal Convention as beyond its authorization, [88], [89];
on nature of Constitution, [89];
dreads too great influence of English precedents, [89].
Martin, Rev. Thomas, prepares Madison for college, [10].
Mason, George, denounces slavery in Constitutional Convention, [102];
describes bargain between New England and slave States, [106];
opposes ratification of Constitution, [112].
Massachusetts, appoints delegates to Annapolis Convention who do not attend, [59];
behind Virginia in establishing complete religious freedom, [66];
suppresses Shays's Rebellion, [73];
its sacrifices in Revolution greater than those of Southern States, [150], [151];
contributes more recruits in 1814 than any other State, [311].
Mifflin, Warner, manumits slaves, [161];
petitions Congress for general emancipation, [161];
motion to expunge his petition from journal, [161].
Milan decree, [268].
Mississippi navigation, desire of Congress for, [31];
negotiations of Jay with Spain concerning, [32], [33];
temporary willingness of Southern States to abandon, [32];
renewed demand for, [33];
attitude of Southern States toward, [76], [77];
willingness of Northern States to relinquish, [77];
its abandonment for twenty-five years proposed by Jay, [78], [79], [80];
rejected by Congress, [80];
possible consequences of its abandonment to South, [81];
agitation of question prejudices chances of Federal Convention, [82].
Monroe, James, defeated for Congress by Madison, [121];
letter of Madison to, on location of capital, [142];
his reception as American minister by French National Convention, [218];
protests against French aggressions on American commerce, [219];
does not consider France as hostile as England, [219];
wishes to baffle Jay's negotiations, [220];
encourages France to threaten United States, [220];
rebuked and recalled, [221];
his only excuse that he was deceived by friends in America, [221];
correspondence of Madison with, [221];
sells Madison furniture, [229];
his treaty suppressed by Jefferson, [246];
on British complaints of American commercial trickery, [259];
instructed to insist on abandonment of impressment in proposed British treaty, [262];
disobeys instructions, [262];
his reasons, [263];
makes subsequent vain attempts to reopen negotiations, [263];
letter of Madison to, on British outrages, [266];
urged by Jefferson not to antagonize Madison for presidency, [272];
desires presidential nomination as war candidate, [296];
testifies that Henry compromises nobody, [300].
Morris, Gouverneur, condemns unreasonableness of Southern demand for slave representation, [98], [99];
makes a sharp attack on slavery in general, [100];
moves reference of slave trade and trade regulation to a committee, [105];
on popular support of Jefferson, [244].
"National Gazette," story of its establishment by Freneau, [168], [172].
New England, opposition in, to molasses tax, [127];
tour of Madison and Jefferson in, [175];
stronghold of Federalism, [243];
opposes embargo, [279];
opposes war with England, [296];
mission of John Henry to, [298]-[301];
suspected by Henry of plan to secede, [299];
reluctant to attack Canada, [310];
yet contributes majority of soldiers, [311];
hatred of Madison for, [311];
calls Hartford Convention, [311];
does not really desire alliance with England, [300];
talks disunion, [301];
insincerity of Madison in accusing it of plan to secede, [302], [303];
folly of Madison in not involving it, by naval activity, in war, [310].
New Hampshire, appoints delegates to Annapolis Convention, who do not attend, [59];
precedes Virginia in ratifying Federal Constitution, [115].
New Jersey, sends delegates to Annapolis Convention, [59];
its instructions to delegates, [50], [60].
New York, refuses consent, in spite of Hamilton's efforts, to five per cent. scheme, [36], [37];
sends delegates to Annapolis Convention, [59];
influenced by Virginia's ratification of Constitution, [115];
tour of Madison and Jefferson in, [175], [176].
New York Chamber of Commerce, on Jay treaty, [213].
Nicholas, George, offers Jefferson's resolutions in Kentucky legislature, [234], [235], [239].
Nicholas, William C., consults with Jefferson concerning Kentucky Resolutions, [234], [235];
letter of Madison to, on New England, [311].
Non-importation Act adopted against England, [260];
arguments of Jefferson and Madison in behalf of, [260], [261];
suspended during Monroe's negotiations, [261];
substituted for embargo, [271];
repealed against England, [274];
renewed, [277].
North Carolina, appoints delegates to Annapolis Convention who do not attend, [59];
influenced by Virginia's ratification of Federal Constitution, [115];
comments of Madison and de Warville on its refusal to ratify Constitution, [117], [118];
its representatives prevent choice of a Northern site for capital, [141], [142];
its debt after Revolution, [151].
Nuce, Captain, [7].
Nullification, term used in Kentucky Resolutions, [234];
denied in 1830 by Madison, [236];
his views on, [236]-[239];
responsibility of Jefferson for, [239], [240].
Orders in Council, issued, [267], [268];
negotiations concerning, [268]-[308].
See England.
Otis, Harrison Gray, his journey to Washington as representative of Hartford Convention, [312];
ridiculed, after treaty of peace, by Democrats, [312].
Owen, Robert, Madison's opinion of his schemes, [322].
Paper-money, its ruinous effects during Revolution, [20];
proposals of Madison to restrict its issue, [21], [22];
craze for, in States, [67].
Parker, Jonathan, proposes a tax on importation of slaves, [128], [129];
his opinion of slave trade, [129].
Party feeling, its bitterness in John Adams's, Jefferson's, and Madison's administrations, [208], [209];
decays during Jefferson's first term, [251].
Patterson, William, argues in Federal Convention against slave representation, [95].
Peel, Robert, connection with John Henry affair, [300].
Pendleton, Edmund, letter of Madison to, on Yorktown, [25];
letter of Madison to, on necessity of ratifying Constitution, [111].
Pennsylvania, refuses consent to five per cent. scheme, [37];
its connection with Potomac Company, [55];
sends delegates to Annapolis Convention, [59];
proposal to have national capital in, [141], [142];
its debt after the war, [151].
Pinckney, Charles C., alarmed at Morris's intention to oppose slave representation in Constitution, [98];
satisfied with results of compromises, [103], [104];
moves extension of time for slave trade, [106];
on its adoption, ceases to oppose granting Congress power to regulate trade, [106];
on fugitive slave clause, [107];
on inability of South Carolina to remain outside Union, [109];
on popular support of Jefferson, [144].
Pinkney, William, sent by Jefferson to negotiate a treaty with England, [261];
his instructions, [262];
explains why he ignored them, [263];
subsequent action, [263];
letter of Madison to, on situation in 1810, [281];
asks in regard to British order in council concerning blockades, [288].
Pooley, Greville, suit against Cicely Jordan, [7], [8].
Potomac Company, its purposes and influences, [54], [55].
Potomac, navigation of, [52]-[58].
Powell, Captain, [7].
Preble, Commodore Edward, in war with Barbary pirates, [252].
Prehistoric remains, opinions of Madison concerning, [70]-[72].
Princeton College, studies of Madison in, [10]-[12].
Prohibition, Madison's views upon, [321], [322].
Protection, advocated by Madison in first Congress, [126], [134], [135];
by Democratic party in 1816, [319].
Quakers, petition Congress against slave trade, [152];
and against slavery, [152], [153], [161];
bitterly condemned by slaveholders, [153], [154], [157], [158].
Quincy, Josiah, describes effects of embargo, [269], [270];
points out falsity of alleged revocation of Milan and Berlin decrees, [285], [287];
asserts that Madison favored war to obtain presidential nomination, [297].
Rambouillet decree, [283], [284].
Randolph, Edmund, letters of Madison to, complaining of lack of pay, as delegate to Congress, [23], [24];
and on collapse of confederacy, [74];
opposes Constitution, [112];
opposes a national bank, [163].
Randolph, John, condemns non-intercourse policy, [260].
Religious freedom, opinion of Madison concerning, [12]-[14];
debate on, in Virginia Convention, [16], [17];
affirmed in Virginia Bill of Rights, [18];
Madison's share in securing, [18];
further struggle for, in legislature, [62]-[66];
incorporation of Episcopal Church, [63];
question of compulsory support of religion, [63]-[66];
advanced position of Virginia regarding, [66];
remarks of Jefferson upon, [65] n.
Rhode Island, refuses assent to impost scheme, [33];
comments of Madison upon, [34];
appoints delegates to Annapolis Convention, who do not attend, [59];
influenced by Virginia's ratification of Constitution, [115];
attitude toward slave trade, [130] n.;
carried by Democrats, [243].
Rives, William C., on Madison's mother's name, [3];
on Madison's father, [5], [10];
on his descent from Isaac Madison, [6]-[9];
other quotations from his "Life of Madison," [10], [11], [12], [18], [44], [48];
on Mrs. Madison's name, [224].
Robertson, Donald, teacher of Madison, [10];
his son applies to Madison for office, [10].
Ross, General Robert, invades Chesapeake, [317].
Rumsey, James, with Washington's aid secures monopoly for his steamboat, [69], [70];
opinions of Jefferson upon, [70].
Russell, Jonathan, denies having seen ante-dated revocation of Milan and Berlin decrees, [307].
Rutledge, John, on necessity of slave trade for the South, [101].
Shays's rebellion, [73];
relation of Congress to, [73].
Sherman, Roger, willing to permit slave trade for sake of union, in Constitutional Convention, [103];
criticises proposal to tax imported slaves, [130];
on location of capital, [140].
Slavery, possible consequences upon, if Southern States had remained outside Union, [39]-[41];
economic effect of, upon Virginia, [48], [49], [51];
attitude of public opinion toward, in 1787, [91];
absence of extreme views against, [92], [108];
in 1787, the paramount interest of South, [92], [93];
attacked bitterly in Constitutional Convention, [98], [100], [101], [102];
cynical attitude of Northern men toward, [102];
debate concerning, in first Congress, [152]-[161];
foolish policy of slaveholders in defending, [155], [157], [158];
the argument in favor of, [157], [158].
Slaves, question as to their status in computing taxes under Confederation, [38], [39];
positions of North and South, [38];
necessity of compromise concerning, [39];
compromise adopted, [41];
debate as to their status in Constitutional Convention, [94]-[101];
confusion as to their position, [97], [98];
trade in, debated, [101]-[105];
proposal in first Congress to tax their importation, [128], [129];
debate upon, [130]-[133];
policy of Congress concerning trade in, [133] and note;
Madison's treatment of, [321].
Slave trade. See Slaves.
Smith, John, refers to Isaac Madison, in his "General History," [8].
Smith, Robert, his remarks on England's policy in Chesapeake affair cause difficulty, [274];
his relation to Madison, [278];
insists on compensation for Rambouillet decree, [283], [284].
Solomon, Hayne, his generous conduct toward Madison, [23], [24].
South Carolina, fails to appoint delegates to Annapolis Convention, [59];
its attitude toward slavery, [91], [103], [104];
unable to refuse Constitution in spite of threats, [104], [109];
its sacrifices in war of Rebellion greater than Virginia's, [151];
reopens slave trade, [250].
Southern States, attitude of, toward slavery, [92], [93]-[109];
oppose a tonnage tax, [127], [128];
demand seat of government on Potomac, [140]-[142];
gain by Hamilton's and Jefferson's deal, [152].
Spain, negotiations of Jay with, respecting Mississippi navigation, [31]-[33];
offers commercial treaty in return for abandonment of Mississippi navigation, [78]-[80].
St. Clair, Arthur, his defeat by Indians, [180].
States' rights, theory of, in Federal Convention, [86]-[88].
Steam navigation, invention of Rumsey, [69];
opinions of Washington, Madison, and Jefferson concerning, [70].
Steele, John, moves to expunge anti-slavery petition from journal of Congress, [161].
Suse, John, at British capture of Washington, [318] n.
Titles, presidential, debated in first Congress, [123]-[126];
views of Adams concerning, [123]-[125];
of Madison, Washington, and Lee, [124], [125].
Todd, Dolly Payne, marries Madison, her appearance and character, [223];
her name, [224];
saves silver from British at capture of Washington, [317] and note.
Tyler, John, introduces Madison's resolutions leading to Annapolis Convention into Virginia Assembly, [57], [58].
University of Virginia, Madison's connection with, [322].
Virginia, society in, [5], [48];
religious persecution in, [13];
elections in, [18];
sentiment in favor of Mississippi navigation, [32];
temporarily abandons it under fear of English, [32], [33];
economic conditions in, and trade, [47]-[49];
attempts to improve its trade by establishing ports of entry, [49]-[51];
opposition in, to Madison's ports of entry, [51], [55];
boundary question with Maryland over Potomac, [52], [53];
question of British debts in, [62];
religious freedom in, secured, [63]-[66];
paper-money craze in, [67];
tobacco certificates in, [67];
sentiment in, concerning Mississippi navigation, [82];
struggle over ratification of Constitution in, [112]-[116];
opponents of Constitution in, [112];
attitude toward domestic slave trade, [129];
its services in war of independence compared unfavorably with those of Massachusetts, [150], [151];
and with South Carolina, [151];
growth of Democratic party in, [174];
Federalist reaction in, against Genet, [202], [203].
War of 1812, events leading up to, [280]-[308];
hopes of Madison, concerning, [309];
naval activity urged by Webster, [309];
attitude of administration toward navy, [310];
opposition of New England to, [311], [312];
unwise policy of Madison in, [315], [316];
capture of Washington by Cockburn, [316], [317];
peace of Ghent, [318].
Warville, Brissot de, makes a tour in United States, [116];
describes Madison, [117], [118].
Washington, George, president of Potomac Company, [54];
elected delegate to Constitutional Convention, [60];
letter of Madison to, on paper-money craze in Virginia, [67];
certifies trustworthiness of Rumsey's steamboat, [70];
letters of Madison to, on proposal to abandon Mississippi navigation, [83];
letter of Madison to, on chances of ratification of Constitution, [114];
takes oath of office as President, [122];
question of his title, [123], [124];
said to have favored a pretentious one, [124];
asks opinion of Madison and of cabinet on the bank, [163];
his message to Congress said to have been tampered with by Madison, [167];
consults secretaries as to his refusing a second term, [186];
his reasons for accepting, [187];
his impartiality in cabinet quarrel, [188];
on neutrality between England and France, [195];
issues proclamation, modified to suit Jefferson, [196];
criticised by Democrats, [198];
attacked by Genet, [201];
denies existence of a monarchical party, [203];
opinion of Madison and Jefferson concerning, [204];
considered a dupe, [204], [206];
his anger at Freneau's attacks described by Jefferson, [205];
his influence on Federalist party and national policy, [210];
sends Jay on mission to England, [211];
rejects "provision clause," [212];
said by Democrats to be bought by "British gold," [212];
called upon by House of Representatives for papers in connection with Jay treaty, [217];
refuses request, [216], [217];
his message condemned by Madison, said to be written by Hamilton, [216], [217];
difficulty of Madison's relations with, as leader of opposition, [222], [223];
his habit of asking Madison's advice, [223], [246].
Webster, Daniel, urges naval preparations for war of 1812, [309].
West, its development dreaded by Eastern States, [77];
or considered impossible, [140];
power of Congress to regulate slavery in, stated by Madison, [159];
its expansion desired by Jefferson, [246], [247].
Wilson, James, in Continental Congress, [30];
on necessity of compromise over slavery in Constitutional Convention, [96].
Women, education of, opinion of Madison concerning, [322], [323].
Wright, Fanny, Madison's correspondence with, [322].
Transcriber's note
The following changes have been made to the text:
Page 327: "antedated revocation of Berlin" changed to "[ante-dated] revocation of Berlin".
Page 333: "[Guardoqui]" moved to appropriate place in the index.
Page 335: "foreign controversy, 154" changed to "[foreign controversy, 254]".