A.
Arch.—As a general rule, every description of arch may be successfully modelled by means of the knife-compass; each separate moulding that occurs must consist of separate pieces of paper, the edge of which has been moulded by one or other of the means described, and these layers gummed over one another when finished. To make our meaning clearer, in fig. 1 next page, a section of a cornice is given, as illustrating the method to be adopted for arches. It will here be seen that it is composed of six separate pieces, or, more properly speaking, thicknesses, for each portion will be made of the number of thicknesses required by its depth; No. 1, the fillet, square, No. 2, the cyma recta, first splay, as shown by the dotted line; and then press with the moulding tool to the required shape, and thus proceed with all the other members.
This cornice is not drawn to any scale.
Fig. 1.
No. 1 Fillet. No. 2 Cyma recta. No. 3 Fillet. No. 4 Casetto. No. 5 Facia. No. 6 Continuation of facia. No. 7 Bed mould.
Where deep hollows occur, as in Gothic mouldings, a different method must be adopted, see fig. 2, the moulding for a Gothic window jamb; here the deep hollows are constructed by bending thin paper to the required curve, and gumming it in the right angles, or other angles required. A and B represent the outside walls of the work, and C C C C the various angles required by the mouldings. As will be seen, the other mouldings are formed on the ends of angle-pieces, in the same manner as adopted for the cornice.
Fig. 2.
Architrave.—In forming these, the same method may be adopted as for cornices, cutting the mouldings separately, and laying them one over the other in the order in which they come. Circular architraves are easily and beautifully cut with the knife-compass.
Acanthus.—The method of modelling the leaves of this plant, so much used in ornamentation, will be afterwards described under the general head of ornaments.
Ashlar.—In representing work of two kinds, namely, quoins of dressed work, and filling in of random tooled ashlar:—Draw the quoins in with a H H H pencil, score in the ashlar, and tint as may be desired.
RANDOM ASHLAR.
Astragal.—First cut your paper square, thus—
next bevel the edge thus
and then, with one of the hollow ivory moulding tools run along the edge by pressure, give the intended round.
Acroteria.—May be modelled in exactly the same manner as previously described for chimney shafts (see page [80], ante).