INDEX

(For names of persons see subjects connected with them.)

A.
Abacus (for arithmetic), [60].
Actors, [127], [154].
Administration, imperial, [119 ff.]
Aesop, fables of, [73].
Afrikaans in South African schools, [255].
Age for beginning school, (pagan), [106];
(Christian), [181].
Agrimensores, [89].
Agroecius, text-book of, [64].
Alexandria, Christian schools at, [176].
doctors of, [89].
Alimenta, [138].
Ambrose, hymns of, [237], [238].
Analogists, [62].
Annonae, [113].
Anomalists, [62].
Antecessores, [85].
ἀντιθέσεις (rhetorical), [78].
Antioch, school-life at, [52].
Sophists of, [72].
school-exercises at, [72 ff.]
Antiquities, [64], [65].
ἄπαξ εὶρημένα and provincialisms, preserved by Marcellus, [88].
Appointment of teachers, [113], [149].
Aquitaine, connexion with Greece of, [220].
distinction of, [46 ff.]
first to be Romanized, [27].
morals of, [199].
peacefulness of, [39].
Archaism, prevalent in our period, [254].
effect on education, [255].
Archiatri, [88].
Architecture at Trèves and Autun, [102], [234].
Christian, [234].
Arena, [154].
Arithmetic, in Christian schools, [186].
in pagan schools, [59].
Art, in Catacombs, [235].
natural to Gauls, [231].
how modified in Gaul, [31], [232].
Martin and Cassiodorus on, [234], [235].
naturalistic in choice of subject, [31].
possible school of, at Martres, [233].
paintings, [236].
produced by foreigners, [233].
references in Ausonius, [231], [232].
remains of in Gaul, [30].
tendency to artificiality of, [232], [233].
vases, ivories, &c., [235], [236].
Artificiality, [160], [251-4].
Astronomy, needed for poetry, [41], [67], [68].
Authority, educational, of Quintilian, [57 ff.], [183], [184].
Autun (Augustodunum, Flavia Aeduorum), [28], [37], [38 ff.], [102 ff.], [136].
eclipsed by Trèves, [48].
soon Romanized, [38].
B.
Bagaudae, [37], [246], [249] and [n.]
Barbarians, imperial attitude towards, [25], [26], [32].
imperial policy towards, [31].
invasions of, [142], [143], [243 ff.]
Bards among the Celts, [12].
Bede on finger-computation, [59].
Bible as text-book, [189], [229].
influence on history, [218].
Bishops, growth of power of, [153].
Book-copying, (pagan), [58];
(Christian), [186].
Bordeaux, educational importance of, [46 ff.]
fortunes of, [47].
Greek teachers of, [222].
intellectual capital of Gaul, [46].
Breves (reports on work of students), [107].
Buildings, Roman, in Gaul, [30].
at Autun, [102], [234].
C.
Capella, Martianus, seven acts of, [60].
in Christian schools, [188].
Cassiodorus, conception of art of, [235].
Catacombs, art in, [235].
Catechumen schools, [176], [178].
Cathedra, [103].
Celtic, survival of, [10 ff.], [161].
plant-names in, [88].
Celts, boorishness of, [49 ff.]
character of, [12 ff.], [199].
worship Mercury, [11], [12].
oratorical gift of, [12].
priests of, [13].
exclusive educational system of, [13], [14].
Censure, ψόγος (rhetoric), [77].
Centralization, effect of, on education, [144], [145].
Charities, [155].
Chreia (rhetoric), [73].
kinds of, [74].
Chronography, [210], [217].
Church, adornment of, [232], [234], [235].
contains aristocrats and intellectuals of the time, [156], [157].
art in, described by Paulinus of Nola, [236].
enthusiasm for education of, [40], [42], [54], [177 ff.], [197].
government of, [175].
does not create new education, [162].
gains individuality, [155].
influence of, [153], [256].
music in, [237].
political significance of, [152 ff.]
reaction in, against paganism, [195].
does not transform Roman Empire, [157].
sincerity of, [257], [258].
Church schools, rise of, [175 ff.]
scattered and indefinite, [181].
not exclusively moral, [188].
methods of, [193 ff.]
Citizenship, [128], [148], [218].
Civil power, growth of, [119].
Class distinction in society, [124 ff.]
Jullian’s statement concerning, [125 ff.]
Mommsen’s, [128].
effect on education, [131].
Class-rooms, [102], [182].
Collegia, [127 ff.]
Coloni, [129].
Comparison, σίγκρισις (rhetoric), [77].
Confirmation, κατασκευή (rhetoric) 76.
Conplatonicorum collegium, [80].
Controversia de loco (surveying), [89].
Controversiae, [69].
Contubernium, [111], [112].
Convictus, [111].
Corporati, [127 ff.]
Cosmographia, of Aethicus Hister, [66].
Courses, length of, [106].
Courts, ecclesiastical, [152].
Criticism, literary, [62].
Curiales, [121], [126], [131].
D.
Description, ἔκφρασις (rhetoric), [78].
Dictionaries, [65].
Dictiones Ethicae, [69].
of Ennodius, [69], [163 n.]
Discipline, (pagan), [53], [93 ff.];
(Christian), [241].
Quintilian on, [96].
Disticha Catonis, [188].
Doctors, exempt from military service, [88].
State-paid, [88].
teachers of their profession, [88], [89].
chiefly provincials, [89].
wealthy, [89].
Donatus = grammar of Donatus, [63].
Dress, academic, [107].
Druids, philosophy of, [12], [82].
Caesar’s account of, [13].
learning of, derived from Britain, [13].
use of writing among, [13].
Cicero on science of, [13].
exclusive nature of learning of, [13], [14].
political influence of, [14].
imperial policy towards, [15].
persistence of, [15], [16].
female, [15], [16].
E.
Education, abroad, of Gallic students, [240 ff.]
affected by art, [234], [237].
authorities on, Quintilian supreme, [57 ff.], [183], [184].
effect of centralization on, [144].
effect of class distinction on, [124 ff.]
Christian, in Gaul, [175 ff.]
control of, [93].
decline of, [243].
earlier Roman, [33 ff.]
elasticity in, advocated by Christians, [168].
elementary, (pagan), [58];
support given by Emperors to, [138], [139];
(Christian), [175].
epitome of, (pagan), [53].
extent of, (pagan), [34 ff.], [41 ff.], [131 ff.];
(Christian), [175], [178], [181], [190].
female, [205].
practised by Gallic Celts, [11 ff.]
general scope of, (pagan), [55], [56], [57].
given by grammaticus, [60 ff.]
higher, (pagan), [68 ff.];
(Christian), [191].
history in, [205].
ideals in, [249 ff.];
of Isocrates and Cicero in, [158], [159];
of Panegyrici Latini in, [160].
imperial protection of, [36], [84], [85], [113], [135 ff.]
invaders’ influence on, [37], [47], [243 ff.]
Julian’s encouragement of, [2], [40], [113], [137].
language question in, [223 ff.]
upheld by Massilia, [7 ff.]
place of memory in ancient, [90].
monopolized by emperors, [113], [144], [145].
moral, [198].
organization of, (pagan), [102];
(Christian), [182 ff.]
practice of, (pagan), [52 ff.];
(Christian), [180 ff.];
in Rhetores Graeci, [172 ff.]
private, [55], [103], [145], [182].
prosperity of, in Gaul, [39 ff.]
public, growth of, [135].
remuneration of, [112 ff.]
given by rhetor, [68 ff.]
based on rhetoric, [71 ff.], [157 ff.], [249].
affected by roads, [29], [30], [248].
stages of, [53], [55], [56], [103 ff.]
Ἐγκύκλιος παιδεία, [71].
Ἑλληνισμός (purity of style), [73].
Elocution, [61], [250], [251].
Ἠθοποιία, characterization (rhetoric), [77].
Eversores, [242].
Examinations, [107].
Exposition (enarratio), [61].
F.
Fables, in schools at Antioch, [72 ff.], [187].
forced interpretation of, [73].
Fathers, Church, interest in education of, [178 ff.]
fondness for Rhetoric, [162 ff.]
reaction of, against rhetoric, [166 ff.] (rusticitas).
attitude to art, [234], [235], [237].
harsh methods of, [194].
manual labour of, [195].
enthusiasm of, [40], [41], [177 ff.]
aim at simplicity, [166].
nature of work of, [197].
attitude to women, [206 ff.]
Fees, [115].
Finger-computation, [59], [186].
Flaccus, M. Verrius (see [Dictionaries]).
Flavia Aeduorum (Autun), [28 ff.]
Flavius Caper (see [Text-books]).
Floralia at Toulouse, [108].
Florus (see [Gauls, character of]).
Formula, magic, for medicine, [88].
G.
Gallic Latin, [21].
Games, [97 ff.]
in home of Gallic aristocrat, [54].
gladiatorial, [154], [155].
Gaul, imperial status of, [42], [240].
prosperity of schools of, [39 ff.]
Romanization of, [26 ff.]
students of, abroad, [240 ff.];
how treated at Rome, [241], [242].
Gauls, capacity for art, [231].
supposed boorishness of, [49 ff.], [221].
character of, [11], [12], [199].
capacity for eloquence, [11], [12], [141], [160].
lively spirit of, [231].
cultivate the panegyric, [141].
Geography, supposed weakness of Romans in, [66].
writers on, [66].
in Ausonius, [67].
function of, [66], [67], [215].
Germans, forbidden to intermarry, [21].
influence of, on Gaul, [20 ff.]
influence of, on Latin, [20], [21].
influence of, on Romans, [19], [20].
Gladiators, action concerning, [154], [155].
Gnomê, γνώμη (rhetoric), [74].
Goths, attitude of aristocrats towards, [25], [26].
code of laws of, [24], [200].
entertainments of, [23], [237].
intellect of, [23].
moral influence of, [199].
not unpopular in Roman Gaul, [54].
Grammar (modern sense), [64].
Grammatikê, first treatise on, by Dionysius Thrax, [61].
how regarded by Ennodius, [163].
function of, [61].
compared with Rhetoric, [68].
criticized as non-ethical, [202].
regarded as incentive to virtue, [203], [204].
general scope of, [56].
Greek, neglected by Ausonius, [222].
in Church, [9], [44], [222], [223].
decline of, [221 ff.]
in Gaul (second century), [35].
influences gymnastics, [101].
inscriptions in, [221].
influence of Massilia in favour of, [4 ff.], [161], [220].
identified with paganism, [220].
Quintilian on, [229].
found difficult by schoolboys, [55], [222], [223], [224].
why found difficult, [225 ff.]
Guilds, [127 ff.]
Gymnastics, regarded with disfavour by Romans, [99].
due to Greek influence, [101].
Quintilian on place of, [100].
H.
Head masters, [116], [182], [184].
Heiresses, married by Bordeaux teachers, [133].
History, [57], [209 ff.]
Constitutional, [65].
ancient conception of, [211 ff.]
Christian influence on, [217].
directed by imperial policy, [66], [210], [215], [216].
logical and psychological value of, [219].
moral value of, [219].
ruled by rhetoric, [214], [215].
treated as side issue, [210], [211].
haphazard study of, [213].
Holidays, increase of Christian, [109].
attitude of Church to pagan, [110].
Floralia at Toulouse, [108].
easily produced, [110], [111].
less splendid in provinces than at Rome, [108].
Home, literary atmosphere of, [54].
education, [103], [145], [182].
Hours, school, [107].
Hymns, antiphonal, [238].
influence of Augustine, [237].
contribution of Gaul, [239].
importance of, for modern metres, [239].
origin of, [237], [238].
used in schools, [237], [238].
I.
Ideals, Pagan and Christian, [249 ff.]
of Isocrates and Cicero, [158], [159].
of Panegyrici Latini, [160].
Imperial interest in schools, [36], [84], [85], [113], [135 ff.], [146].
Inscriptions, [4], [15], [45], [46], [99], [161], [182], [203], [221], [242].
Intermarriage, between Roman and barbarian, [21] (ff. [248], [249])
between different classes in society, [127].
Invasions, [37], [47], [243 ff.]
affect education through slaughter of children, [248].
J.
Jurisdiction, civil, passes over to Church, [152].
K.
Κατηγορία (rhetoric), [78].
Knowledge, low general standard of, [124 ff.], [175], [181], [190].
widespread among Christians, [40], [42], [43], [54], [177], [178], [179], [196].
made a matter of class by Celts, [13], [14].
affected by imperial protection, advantageously, [135 ff.];
disadvantageously, [144 ff.]
Κοινόβιοι, original idea of monastery, [177].
Κοινὸς τόπος (rhetoric), [76].
L.
Labour, manual, [155], [195].
La Tène Civilization, [14].
Law, Arles a centre of, [83].
connexion with imperial policy, [84].
increased interest in, during fifth century, [82].
Justinian on teaching of, [84], [85].
Civil magistrates drawn from profession of, [85].
Roman, passes into Church, [153].
students of, go to Rome, [83], [84], [241].
few teachers of, [82].
Lawyers, as lecturers (antecessores), of Massilia, [82].
bad reputation of, [86], [87].
Lector, [181], [183].
ordination and qualifications of, [184].
Lérins, education at, [177], [179], [180], [187], [190], [195].
Lesson, method of conducting in pagan schools, [60].
Literature, enthusiasm for, [43], [131], [140].
pagan, banned by Christians, [169 ff.], [206], [260];
reason for exclusive attitude toward, [170], [171];
partially accepted by wiser Christians, [172], [173], [188];
form of, used by Christians, [189].
Litterae formatae, [223].
Litterator (elementary teacher), [105].
Locus communis, κοινὸς τόπος, [76].
Vergilianus, [69].
Ludi Florales, [108].
λύσεις (rhetoric), [78].
M.
Maeniana, meaning of, [38].
school at Autun, [38], [41], [100], [102].
Magic, in medicine, [88].
Manumissions, in Church, [152].
Maps, [66], [67].
imperial use of, [66], [215], [216].
Martyrum, Acta, [9], [185], [210].
Masses, ignorance of, [130], [131], [175], [190].
Massilia, art of, [5].
coins of, [4].
culture of, [6].
Christian place of refuge, [10], [177], [178], [200 note].
doctors of, [87].
educational centre, [6], [7].
lawyers of, [82].
languages of, [8], [9].
part placed by, [9].
friendship with Rome, [5].
teachers of, [8].
contrasted with surrounding tribes, [7].
effect on surrounding tribes, [7], [8].
St. Victor, monastery of, at, [10], [177], [178].
Mathematics, of primary school, [60].
came to Rome from Egypt, [89].
Medicine, studied by Ausonius’s aunt, [41].
influence of Massilia on, [87].
a lucrative profession, [89].
prominence of provincials in, [89].
no separate school of, [87].
superstition in, [88].
Memory, place of, in ancient education, [91], [92].
Mendicancy, law against, [155].
Merces (fees), [115].
Mercury, worshipped in early Gaul, [11 ff.]
Metres, modern, developed by Christian hymns, [239].
Military power, decreases in later Empire, [119].
Minerval (fees), [115].
Mnemonics, [90].
Monasticism, rise of, in Gaul, [177].
widespread educational influence of, [178].
not yet organized by St. Benedict, [166], [181].
Monks, trained in Arts of Capella, [188].
appreciation of their work, [197].
harsh discipline of, [193], [194].
efficiency of, as teachers, [196].
educated chiefly at Lérins and Marseilles in fifth century, [179].
manual labour of, [193], [194].
attitude of, to Rhetoric, [162 ff.]
Music, work of Augustine on, [237].
ecclesiastical, [237].
among the Goths, [23].
mentioned in school exercises, [73].
frivolous nature of, at Rome, [237].
N.
Narration, διήγημα (rhetoric), [73].
Nationalism in Roman Empire, [18], [19], [219].
Neoplatonism, [192].
Newspapers, professors used instead of, [140].
Notarii, (pagan), [59];
(Christian), [185].
Number of pupils at Bordeaux, [105].
O.
Oblati, [181].
Organization, of pagan schools, [102];
of Christian schools, [182].
Oxford, compared with Bordeaux University, [135].
P.
Paedagogus, [52].
protects child from evil influences, [53].
Paganism, artificiality of, [160], [251-4].
Paganism, attitude of Christians towards, [42 ff.], [169 ff.]
bitterness of, [170 ff.]
neglects elementary education, [175].
neglects education of lower classes, [124 ff.]
persists in holidays, [110].
persists in rhetorical tradition, [162 ff.]
how Christianity supplemented, [175], [191], [195].
Palladia, name for Toulouse, [34].
Panegyric, archaism of, [254].
one of teacher’s duties, [141].
historical value of, [33 note].
imperial use of, [146].
merits of, [251].
servility of, [146 ff.]
Panegyrists, genuinely grateful to Emperor, [142].
hysterically loud in his praise, [146 ff.]
Greek learning of, [221].
Patriotism, inculcated by history, [218].
Pelagianism, [192].
Philology, [62], [189].
Philosophy, of Ausonius, [81].
Christian, [191 ff.]
of Claudianus Mamertus, [192], [193].
of history, [217].
in grammarian’s school, [79], [203].
among litterati of Gaul, [79 ff.]
connected with natural sciences, [80].
neglect of, [81].
Jung’s theory to account for neglect of, [81], [82].
influence of Pythagoras on, [193].
Physicians, State-paid, [88].
Πιθανότης (rhetoric), [73].
Plato, how regarded by Christians, [80], [193].
Platonic club, [80], [112].
Play, [97 ff.]
Poetry, in pagan schools, [56], [57], [68], [69].
in Christian schools, [169], [188], [206].
Poor scholars, support of, [138].
Pottery, [31].
Praefectus Galliarum, Ausonius becomes, [119].
Praise, ἐγκώμιον (rhetoric), [76].
Prescriptions, book of, by Marcellus Empiricus, [88].
Primus magister (litterator), [104], [105].
Progymnasmata, [72 ff.]
Proscholus, [105].
Provinces, exposed to attacks of barbarians, [47], [48], [244].
divisions of society in, [121].
advantages of imperial protection of, [122], [141 ff.]
disadvantages of imperial protection of, [123], [144 ff.], [215].
government of, [18], [24], [29], [31], [119 ff.], [249].
status of, [32], [240].
Salvian on misgovernment of, [249 note].
Q.
Qualifications of teacher, [137] (Julian’s decree); [138] (decree of Valentinian and Valens).
Querolus, fourth-century comedy, [171], [200].
R.
Reader, Church, see [Lector].
Reading, in Christian schools, [183].
in pagan schools, [59].
clearness and intonation aimed at, [61].
Quintilian on, [59], [61 n.], [183].
Refutation, ἀνασκευή (rhetoric), [74].
perverse method of, [75].
Research, attitude towards, [212], [213].
Restrictions, local, due to imperial protection, [127].
Rhetores Graeci, [71].
Rhetoric, advantages of, [249-51].
disadvantages of, [251-6].
natural to Gauls, [11], [12], [16].
persistence of, [157 ff.]
power of, [160].
how regarded by Ennodius, [163].
of Hilary of Arles, [165].
of Hilary of Poitiers, [164], [167].
ideal of Isocrates in, [158], [159].
ideal of Cicero in, [159].
ideal of Panegyrists in, [160].
increasing futility of, [158].
why a failure, [256].
predominant in schools, [162].
prominent in Gaul, [11], [39], [50], [51], [160], [161].
general scope of, in schools, [68].
stages of, in schools, [69].
universality of, [70].
Roads, influence of, on education, [29], [30], [248].
Romanization, [26 ff.]
causes of, in Gaul, [31].
not quite complete, [27], [29].
proved by archaeological remains, [30].
Rusticitas, [166 ff.]
S.
Salaries of teachers, amount of, [114].
enactments of Vespasian and Gratian concerning, [113].
gifts of Emperor supplement, [115].
paid at one time by parents, [115].
paid sometimes by individual towns, [114].
paid by State first in Gaul, [112].
unequal, [112].
Schola, meaning of, in fourth century, [103].
Schoolboy, picture of, in Libanius, [52].
Schoolroom, nature of, (pagan), [102];
(Christian), [182].
Schools (see [Education]), grades of, [103 ff.]
private adventure, discouraged, [113].
Sculpture (see [Art]).
Semi-Pelagianism, [192].
Sententia, γνώμη (rhetoric), [74].
Shorthand, (pagan), [59];
(Christian), [185], [186].
Slaves, education of, [128], [129].
new attitude to, [153].
decrease of, reasons for, [154].
Social life of Bordeaux teacher, [132 ff.]
Stage, action of Church against, [154].
unhealthy state of Gallic, [199].
State, relation of, to Church, [151 ff.]
overshadowed by Church, [152], [153].
flouted by Church, [156].
as the champion of the Church, [156].
passes on its law and organization to Church, [153].
pays teaching doctors, [88].
pays teaching lawyers, [85].
pays school-teachers, [112 ff.]
protects education materially and spiritually, [135 ff.]
Stationes (of lecturing lawyers), [85].
Strenae, gifts of Emperor, [115] and [note].
Studies, decline of, [243].
primary, (pagan), [58 ff.];
(Christian), [175 ff.]
secondary, (pagan), [68 ff.];
(Christian), [191].
Subdoctor (proscholus), [105].
συνηγορία (rhetoric), [78].
superstition, in Astronomy, [67], [68].
in Medicine, [88].
T.
Teachers, appointed by Emperor, [136], [139].
to be approved of by Emperors, [113], [137], [138].
at Antioch, [72 ff.]
benefits bestowed by Emperor, [136 ff.]
conviviality of, at Bordeaux, [133 ff.]
encouraged by Julian, [2], [40], [113], [137].
Gratitude of, to Emperor, [142].
Greek, at Rome, [135], [136].
harshness of, (pagan), [53], [93 ff.];
(Christian), [193 ff.]
intellect of, (pagan), [134];
(Christian), [193].
methods of, (pagan), [52 ff.], [90 ff.], [93 ff.];
(Christian), [180 ff.], [193 ff.]
of morals, [203].
number appointed at Bordeaux, [115], [116].
public, gradually recognized at Rome, [136].
remuneration of, [112 ff.]
social status of, [134], [135].
State, forbidden to teach privately, [145].
unhappiness of, [132].
whether they followed pupils from class to class, [116 ff.]
Teaching, private, (pagan), [55], [103], [145];
(Christian), [182].
public (see [Education]).
Text-books, [63], [189], [193].
of Donatus, [63].
of Sinnius Capito, [64 ff.]
epitomes of Varro, [65].
Vergil, in pagan schools, [55], [56], [62], [69] et passim;
in Christian schools, [162], [169], [174], [187], [197].
Theatres, Gallic, Salvian’s condemnation of, [199].
Theodosian Code, [82], [88], [90], [129], [133], [137], [152 n.], [153], [200], [201] et passim.
Thesis (rhetoric), [78].
Trèves, eclipses Autun in importance, [48].
buildings of, [30].
imperial capital, [30], [34], [48].
predominantly military, [48].
U.
Universalism of Christianity, [217].
University, residential, germ of, [111].
V.
Vates (οὐάτεις) among Celts, [12].
Victor St., monastery of, [10], [177], [178].
W.
Women, attitude of Christians towards, [155], [205 ff.]
education of, influenced by Christianity, [205], [207];
at Rome, [206];
objected to by Claudius Victor, [206];
in Sidonius, [207];
small on the whole, [209].
friends of Jerome, [208].
intellect of, praised by Sedulius, [208];
by Ennodius, [209].
Writing, in Christian schools, [184].
in pagan schools, [58].
among Druids, [13].
Quintilian on, [58], [184].

Printed in England at the Oxford University Press