Transcribed from the 1875 J. Wakeham edition by David Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org
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THE ANNUAL REPORT
ON
THE HEALTH
OF THE
Parish of St. Mary Abbotts,
KENSINGTON,
DURING THE YEAR
1874.
BY
T. ORME DUDFIELD, M.D.,
MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH.
KENSINGTON:
J. Wakeham, Printer, 4, Bedford Terrace, Church Street.
1875.
CONTENTS.
PAGE | ||
Prefatory Remarks | [5]–13 | |
Mortality, higher rate of, in 1874, accountedfor | ||
Death Rate, Metropolitan and Local | ||
Kensington “RegistrationDistrict”—what it comprises | ||
„ | Parish of, division into Wards | |
„ | Town and Brompton “Sub-registrationDistricts,” contrast in the vital statistics of | |
Sexes, relative rate of mortality in the | ||
Sub-districts, character of the prevalentfatal diseases in the | ||
Kensington Town, greater fatality of Zymotic,Tubercular and Lung diseases in | ||
Deaths, (whole Parish) numbers of, fromclasses and orders of diseases | ||
Death Rate and Mean Temperature, monthlyrecord of | ||
Scarlet Fever, outbreaks of, supposed todepend on Contamination of Milk | ||
Dysentery and Diarrhœa, supposed to bedue to the use of the Milk of diseased Cows | ||
Dairies, undesirable Multiplication of | ||
Population | ||
Males and Females, ages of, living at theCensus, 1871 | ||
„ | great disproportion in the relative numbers of | |
Parish, area of, density of Population, numberof inhabited houses, &c. | ||
„ | growth of Population: increase in Rateable Value ofProperty | |
Marriages and Marriage-rate | ||
Births and Birth-rate | ||
Deaths and Death-rates of sexes and inSub-districts | ||
Death Rates at all Ages, the true method ofcalculating | ||
„ | Special causes of | |
Zymotic Diseases, deaths from | ||
Measles, Epidemic of | ||
Scarlet Fever | ||
Puerperal Mortality | ||
Public Institutions, Deaths in | ||
Inquests, facts in relation to, requiringexplanation | ||
Death, Certificates of the cause of, abuseof | ||
Vaccination | ||
Meteorology | ||
Sanitary Work | ||
Boiling offal for pigs’ food, nuisancesfrom | ||
Swine, convictions for keeping, on prohibitedpremises | ||
Diseased Animal, conviction for allowingcarcase of, in a Licensed Slaughter House | ||
Diseased Animal in slaughter house, no offenceunder certain circumstances | ||
Blood, Conviction for allowing offensiveaccumulation of, in a Licensed Slaughter House | ||
Diseased Meat, seizure of | ||
Iron Foundry, nuisance at an | ||
Slaughter Houses | ||
Cow Sheds | ||
Bakehouses | ||
Dust Removal | ||
Water Storage, domestic | ||
Mortuary | ||
Disinfecting Chamber | ||
Baths and Wash-houses | ||
Sewer Ventilation | ||
Water Supply | ||
Gas | ||
Mortality, weekly returns of, services of theSub-district Registrars, in connection with the | ||
Conclusion | ||
Tables, Statistical(Appendix) | ||
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH,
Being for the year 1874.
To the Vestry of the Parish of St. Mary Abbott’s, Kensington.
Gentlemen,
I propose in this, the Nineteenth Annual Report of the Medical Officer of Health, to follow the plan adopted in my previous reports: that is to say, the vital statistics will be made up to the end of the registration year (January 2nd, 1875), for the sake of comparison with the Registrar-General’s figures for the entire Metropolis: the Tables, showing the sanitary work carried out by your very competent staff of inspectors, will be made up to the end of the Vestry year (March 25th, 1875); while, with respect to other matters calling for notice, I shall bring the report down to the latest possible period, no useful purpose being served by delay; it being, moreover, in every way the better plan to refer to subjects while they are tolerably fresh in recollection, and before they have lost their interest. I shall, as usual, preface my report with some general remarks, which, I trust, will be found worthy of perusal. And I may here mention that the first Six Tables in the Appendix are given in the form settled last year by the Society of Medical Officers of Health, with a view to ensure uniformity in statistical returns. The subject was brought under the notice of the Society by myself, and a great deal of thought and labour devoted to it, in order to make the tables generally acceptable. I now pass on to observe that the public health in this Parish, as gauged by the gross mortality, was not so good during the year 1874 as in the previous year, the deaths registered (2,696) showing an increase of 260. The increase in the rate of mortality, however, was not large in proportion, for as the population increased by 5,000, 91 deaths have to be deducted on that account, while 32 deaths are accounted for by an increase in the number of deaths of non-parishioners registered at the Brompton Hospital for Consumption and the Diseases of the Chest. The real excess of mortality, therefore, was 137, and of these deaths 98 belong to the group of zymotic diseases, and were due to a severe and prolonged epidemic of measles, leaving 39 deaths to be spread over the remainder of Table 3 (Appendix); but as a matter of fact the higher rate of mortality from chest diseases, which will be referred to hereafter, more than accounts for this number. If we assume that the deaths of Kensington parishioners outside the parish were as numerous as the deaths of non-parishioners at the Brompton Hospital, which is situated within the parish, the rate of mortality during the year would be 19.5 per 1,000 persons living—a rate that compares not unfavourably with the rate for the entire metropolis, which was 22.5 per 1000. If, however, in the absence of definite information respecting deaths of parishioners taking place out of the parish, we restrict our view to the deaths of parishioners registered within the parish—deducting 125 deaths at the hospital and 36 at St. Joseph’s House—the rate of mortality was only 18.3 per 1,000. The subjoined table shows the rate in the several great divisions of the metropolis, as given by the Registrar-General in his annual summary, and in Kensington:—
DEATH RATE, 1874.
| per 1,000 | |
| Kensington | 19.5 |
| All London | 22.5 |
| West Districts | 20.9 |
| North | 21.8 |
| Central | 25.6 |
| East | 25.4 |
| South | 21.5 |
For registration purposes, Kensington [6a] is divided into two sub-districts of very unequal size and population, and which, as we shall see, are not less remarkable in other respects. The Kensington Town sub-district embraces everything north of the Kensington main road, and a good deal south of it. The Brompton sub-district completes the map of the parish, which, I may say, is exceedingly awkward in shape, being very long from north to south and very narrow from east to west, and therefore present considerable difficulties in the task of sanitary administrations. The Town sub-district comprises two wards, respectively named the Ward of St. Mary Abbott’s, Kensington, and the Ward of St. John, Notting Hill, and St. James, Norland. [6b] The latter ward contains the largest proportion of poor inhabitants. The greater number of poor comprised in this sub-district, as a whole, helps to explain the marked difference in the vital statistics of north and south, to which, I wish, in the present report, to give some prominence. The birth-rate of the parish in 1874 was 31.7 per 1,000 persons living, that of all London being 35.7, and of All England (1872) 35.8. But the birth-rate in the Town district was 33.6, and in Brompton only 24.8 per 1,000. The death-rate of the whole parish being taken at 19.5 per 1,000 (and the necessary redistribution of deaths in hospital and workhouse, in proportion to population, being made), it appears that the annual rate of mortality in the Town sub-district was 20.4 per 1,000 and in Brompton only 16.6. The above facts may be made more clear by a comparative statement. If the births and deaths in Brompton had been as numerous in proportion to population as they were in the Town sub-district, 1,122 children would have been born and 681 persons would have died; whereas, in fact, only 815 children were born, and the deaths, after correction, were only 548. Or, to put it the other way, if the births and deaths in the Town sub-district had been on the Brompton scale only 2,567 instead of 3,536 children would have been born, and only 1,726 persons, in place of 2,147, would have died. These remarkable discrepancies, quoad the birth-rate, may be in part explained by the somewhat larger proportion of females per 1,000 of the population in the Town sub-district compared with Brompton. The total estimated population in July was 138,000, viz., males 56,240, and females 81,760. In every 1,000 living, females were approximatively as 593 to males 407. In the Town sub-district there were, at the census in 1871, 587 females to 413 males; in Brompton the females were 608 and the males 392 per 1,000 persons living. We must assume, therefore, that there are fewer marriages in Brompton, and that those marriages are less fruitful than in the more densely-populated and poorer northern section of the parish. [7]
Less difficulty is experienced in accounting for the lower rate of mortality in Brompton, it being well known that the death-rate of females is considerably less than that of the male sex. Taking the whole parish, it appears that the rate of mortality was 23.9 in the male, and only 16.5 per 1,000 in the female sex. The magnitude of this difference may be illustrated by the statement that if the mortality in the entire population had been at the female rate, the deaths would have numbered only 2,208 instead of 2,696, while they would have been no fewer than 3,298 at the rate that prevailed amongst males.
The difference between the two districts is not confined merely to gross numbers of deaths. It is seen in the character of the prevalent fatal diseases, and points to a generally better state of health in Brompton, and to a better prospect of life for its inhabitants. This difference depends, no doubt, on the superior status of a large proportion of the population in the latter district, and on their possession of those necessaries and comforts of life to which the prolongation of existence is so largely due. I do not propose to enter at length upon this interesting subject now. I shall content myself for the present with putting on record the facts at which I have arrived, leaving them for the most part, to speak for themselves. The subjoined table shows the number of deaths from certain diseases in the two sub-districts, and the number that would have occurred in the Town sub-district had the mortality been on the same scale as in Brompton, due regard being had to population:—
| Name of Disease | Actual No. of Deaths in the Town Sub-District. | Deaths in the Brompton Sub-District. | Calculated No. of Deaths in Town on the Brompton scale | Excess or Deficiency in Town compared with Brompton. |
| The Seven principal Zymotic Diseases | 332 | 66 | 176 | + 156 |
| Measles | 115 | 6 | 20 | + 95 |
| Diphtheria | 24 | 2 | 6 | + 18 |
| Scarlet Fever | 28 | 4 | 12 | + 16 |
| Typhus Fever | 9 | 0 | 0 | + 9 |
| Enteric Fever | 19 | 9 | 28 | - 9 |
| Simple Continued Fever | 11 | 4 | 13 | - 2 |
| Hooping Cough | 36 | 9 | 28 | + 8 |
| Diarrhœa | 90 | 22 | 69 | + 21 |
| Puerperal Fever | 18 | 6 | 19 | - 1 |
| Croup | 25 | 1 | 3 | + 22 |
| Erysipelas | 14 | 8 | 25 | - 11 |
| Cancer | 51 | 16 | 50 | + 1 |
| Tuberculous Diseases (phthisis, scrofula, &c.) | 268 | 59 | 186 | + 82 |
| Brain Disease, (Apoplexy and paralysis) | 127 | 46 | 144 | - 17 |
| Convulsions | 50 | 9 | 28 | + 22 |
| Heart Disease | 102 | 33 | 103 | - 1 |
| Lung Diseases | 461 | 93 | 292 | + 169 |
| Enteritis and Peritonitis | 34 | 5 | 16 | + 18 |
| Liver Disease | 30 | 7 | 22 | + 8 |
| Bright’s Disease | 14 | 8 | 25 | - 11 |
| Atrophy of children | 143 | 20 | 63 | + 80 |
| Premature birth | 35 | 11 | 34 | + 1 |
| Childbirth | 11 | 3 | 9 | + 2 |
| Teething | 26 | 9 | 28 | - 2 |
| Old age | 79 | 15 | 47 | + 32 |
The greater fatality of the zymotic diseases generally, and of measles in particular, in the Town sub-district, cannot fail to be noticed; as well as the high mortality from tuberculous and lung diseases, atrophy of children, croup, &c. It is obvious, in fact, that the diseases which depend on a lowered condition of vitality, or on hereditary taint, are more prevalent in the Town sub-district than in Brompton. So are the diseases that may be correctly described as of a more or less preventable character, such, for example, as the lung diseases which are so fatal at the extremes of life, when the influences of neglect and poverty, on the one hand, and of care and comfort on the other, are so strong for evil or for good in the exposure of young and old to, or their preservation from, the predisposing causes of disease. The diseases which mark the later periods of life are, as might be expected, prominently noticeable in the Brompton mortality, such, for instance, as the brain diseases, apoplexy and paralysis, and heart disease. Cancer was equally fatal in both districts. Croup, on the other hand, was most fatal in the “Town,” and Bright’s disease, by comparison, in Brompton. I say nothing on the relative numbers of deaths attributed to “old age,” as the employment of that term generally implies failure of diagnosis rather than death without disease.
Under the heads of the various diseases, and in Tables 3 and 3a (Appendix), I have specified in detail the causes of death; but in these introductory general remarks it will not be out of place to refer to the mortality in the parish as a whole from some of the principal classes and orders of diseases. Thus the seven principal diseases of the zymotic class (or rather six, for there was no death from small-pox) were accountable for 388 deaths—a mortality equivalent to 2.8 per 1,000 persons living, and to 144 out of every 1,000 deaths. Chest diseases, other than phthisis, killed 554 persons (an increase of 71 over 1873), equivalent to 4 per 1,000 of the population, and to 208 per 1,000 deaths. Tuberculous diseases (including phthisis, scrofula, rickets, and tabes) were the causes of 326 deaths, or 2.3 per 1,000 living, and 121 per 1,000 deaths. Nearly allied to these diseases, if not identical in origin, are the wasting diseases of children, viz., those registered as marasmus, atrophy, debility, want of breast milk, and premature birth. These killed 209 children under five years of age, equal to 1.5 per 1,000 living, and to 77 per 1,000 deaths. The convulsive diseases of infants (hydrocephalus, infantile meningitis, convulsions, and teething) were fatal to 161 infants under five, or 1.1 per 1,000 living, and 59 per 1,000 deaths (vide Table 4, Appendix). Constitutional diseases caused 591 deaths = 4.2 per 1,000 living, and 232 per 1,000 deaths. Local diseases caused 1,143 deaths = 8.3 per 1,000 living, and 434 per 1,000 deaths. Developmental diseases caused 356 deaths = 2.5 per 1,000 living, and 138 per 1,000 deaths. Violent deaths (50) were equal to .3 per 1,000 living and to 18 per 1,000 deaths. The deaths of which the causes were not specified, or were ill-defined, were 22 in number = .1 per 1,000 of the population and 7 per 1,000 deaths.
The subjoined table shows the death-rate in the parish for 13 periods of four weeks corresponding to my monthly reports, the deaths of non-parishioners in the Brompton Hospital being excluded:—
| Date of Report. Four weeks ended | Rate of Mortality per 1,000 living. | Mean temperature of the air. |
| January 31 | 19.8 | 41.6 |
| February 28 | 23.2 | 38.7 |
| March 28 | 22.0 | 43.0 |
| April 25 | 16.8 | 49.5 |
| May 23 | 16.8 | 48.2 |
| June 20 | 14.1 | 58.4 |
| July 18 | 17.5 | 62.8 |
| August 15 | 19.9 | 61.1 |
| September 12 | 14.7 | 59.4 |
| October 10 | 13.7 | 55.3 |
| November 7 | 15.3 | 51.6 |
| December 5 | 21.4 | 39.1 |
| January 2 (1875) | 24.7 | 32.7 |
| Average | 18.4 |
Before concluding these general and prefatory remarks, I think it right to say a few words on the subject of certain outbreaks of disease due, it is not unreasonably believed, to a contaminated condition of that important article of diet, milk. It is true that the facts to which I am about to advert belong rather to the sanitary history of the current year than to 1874; I feel, however, that it would not be right to defer the publication of them, and the subject can be referred to again, if necessary. With reference first, then, to scarlet fever, a remarkable outbreak occurred in the month of June (1875) in South Kensington. Within sixty hours after a dinner party of sixteen in one of the most splendid streets in the metropolis, and in a house which had no sanitary defect and no infected inmates, six of the party were prostrate with scarlet fever. There was a large assemblage at the “at home” after the dinner, and four or five of the guests were stricken either with primary scarlatina or with characteristic sore throat. Some of the servants and others, likewise, were similarly affected. A vigorous enquiry excluded all suspicion of personal contagion as the cause of the outbreak. The one fact clearly proved was that all the sufferers had partaken of cream in some form or other, cream being of course more largely consumed at the dinner than at the “at home.” Many persons, doubtless, who partook of cream escaped, and their immunity may be accounted for in a variety of ways; but it is certain that every one who was attacked had partaken of cream. There were several curious not to say crucial cases, pointing to the cream as the nidus of infection. But how the contagium found its way into the milk-pot, if there, is a question that has hitherto baffled enquiry. The dairy—in town, but not in Kensington—whence the offending fluid was obtained was carefully scrutinised as to the state of health of the cows and of the employés, but no fact was elicited to explain the occurrence. [11]
As bearing on this subject, I may remark that it is not very long ago that a number of cases of sore throat, occurring in families supplied from a certain dairy, were brought under my notice; and I ascertained that illness of a similar character had prevailed in the house of the dairyman.
Referring to this subject, Professor Parkes, in his “Practical Hygiene,” states that scarlet fever has appeared to get into milk from the cuticle or throat discharges of persons affected with scarlet fever who were employed in the dairy while ill or convalescent. Remarkable cases of this kind have already been reported, and the fact that another zymotic disease—viz., enteric or typhoid fever—has been spread widely through the medium of milk, only serves to increase the importance of the subject in a sanitary point of view. It is well ascertained, however, that enteric fever has been conveyed in the foul water used in diluting milk—a double evil being thus inflicted on unwary purchasers.
At about the same time as the scarlatina outbreak my attention was again directed to milk as a probable source of disease by a leading practitioner, who gave me the particulars of a very interesting series of cases of dysentery, attributed on apparently sufficient grounds to the use of milk from diseased cows; and of a further series of cases of diarrhæa, attributed to some change in the character of milk supposed to depend on the food on which the cows were being fed. The information came too late to admit of an investigation of the subject, but the facts deserve to be put on record for future guidance.
In the first set of cases, seven in number, the symptoms were generally of a severe character. Three of the patients were young children, and the other four adults. The child first attacked, aged 2½ years, died after seventeen days’ illness. The dysenteric symptoms were sharp and constant, and marked on the first evening by a strong convulsion. The little patient sank, worn out by incessant tenesmus and exhausted brain-power. The body temperature was high throughout. This was the only fatal case. The second case was that of the child’s nurse. She was sent home showing signs of fever, and was ill a long time. In the third case the child, aged six years, had dysenteric straining of almost pure blood. There was little constitutional disturbance, and the attack soon yielded to treatment. The fourth case was that of a middle-aged gentleman attacked with diarrhæa, which assumed a dysenteric character, as many as twenty-five motions being passed in a day. The attack, which left marked debility; lasted ten days. The next case was that of an old nurse, who, ridiculing the idea of the milk being the cause of illness, drank all that was left after tea one day, and was rewarded with a violent diarrhæa that lasted a whole week. Another case was that of a child (who, however, was teething, and) who, after partaking of milk from the same source, suffered during six or seven days under a severe dysenteric attack. The seventh case was that of a lady, who after some days of bowel irritation, was prostrated with acute dysentery which was long in yielding and left great debility.
Upon enquiry being made of the dairyman who supplied the affected families with milk, he acknowledged that two, if not three, of his cows were “wrong in their quarters”—i.e., they had diseased udders; but he hoped that the small amount of bad milk they yielded would not be felt with the large quantity of good milk with which it was mixed! In each case the supply of milk from that particular dairy was cut short, and as regards the families interested, a limit was thus set to the endemic. But what mischief, if any, was done in other directions does not appear, and it is too late to enquire.
The other cases referred to were eleven of diarrhæa, which occurred at about the same period of time. The milk supply was derived in part from a dairy and in part from cows kept for private use, the one point in common between the two sheds being that “distillers’ wash” formed part of the food of the cows. There is no history of any illness or disturbance of the secretion of the cows themselves.
I regret that I had not an opportunity of investigating these cases—and especially the first series—at the time of their occurrence, as they might have thrown some light on an obscure but very important, an increasingly important subject—viz., that of disease in animals as a factor of disease in man. Professor Parkes states, inter alia, that milk contaminated with pus from an inflamed udder will give rise to stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) in children and to apthæ (thrush) on the mucus membrane of the lips and gums. But there is no mention of these symptoms in the cases under review. Parkes also refers to the power of milk which contains large quantities of the fungus Oidium lactis, or Pennicillium, to produce dyspeptic symptoms, and even cholera-like attacks. Gastric irritation and febrile gastritis are also enumerated among the effects following the ingestion of impure milk.
But, after all the most important question is, how to prevent the occurrence of such cases? And here the difficulty is apparent of getting such regular skilled inspection of cowsheds (in Town, for it is hopeless, I fear, to attempt any supervision of the extra metropolitan sources of milk-supply!) as would suffice to detect disease in cows or employés, and secure effectual separation of diseased men and animals from the dairy. Probably nothing would have a greater effect in breeding caution in the vendors of milk than legislative enactment imposing severe penalties (not pecuniary only!) for the offence of selling for human food the milk of diseased cows.
In the case before us, it would appear that the dairyman knew that some of his cows were “wrong in their quarters,” and yet, though their milk could be of small value (for disease diminishes the yield rapidly and greatly), families were exposed to the risk of illness, and in one case the calamity of death was brought on a household, that no portion of the profits of business might be lost. We may charitably and reasonably believe that the dairyman anticipated no such consequences; but what so likely to prevent the recurrence of such a catastrophe as a consciousness of the risk incurred by vending diseased milk?
Before quitting this subject I may express my opinion that dairies are multiplied more than is desirable, and as a consequence (I have adverted to the subject in another part of this report), the sheds are often of a very unsatisfactory character. Large dairies, under careful supervision, managed with a due regard to sanitary requirements in man and animals, and situated in the suburbs or outskirts of the metropolis, would be a boon the value of which is likely to be the more appreciated as facts such as those noted above accumulate.
POPULATION, &c.
The estimated population of Kensington at the middle of the year was 138,000, an increase of 5,000 over 1873. The Town sub-district contained about 105,000, and the Brompton sub-district about 33,000 in round numbers. The males numbered about 56,240, and the females 81,760:—excess of females over males, 25,520. In every 1,000 there were approximatively 407 males and 593 females. The subjoined table shows the number of persons of each sex, arranged in groups of ages, at the Census, 1871:
AGES OF MALES AND FEMALES, 1871.
| All Ages. | Under 5 | 5 to 15 | 15 to 25 | 25 to 35 | 35 to 45 | 45 to 55 | 55 to 65 | 65 to 75 | 75 to 85 | 85 to 94 | 95 and upwds. |
| Males, 48977 | 7065 | 10198 | 8948 | 8317 | 5963 | 4339 | 2464 | 1270 | 378 | 33 | 2 |
| Females 71322 | 7147 | 11527 | 16585 | 14203 | 9080 | 6241 | 3768 | 2000 | 667 | 97 | 7 |
| Total, 120299 | 14212 | 21722 | 25533 | 22520 | 15043 | 10580 | 6232 | 3270 | 1045 | 130 | 9 |
From the above table it appears that there are an almost equal number of the sexes under the age of 5. Between 5 and 15 the excess of females begins, amounting to 1,329—this representing the “school” age, and the preponderance of females being explained, with probability, by the large number of girls’ schools in the parish. In the next three decades (15 to 45) there is a further large increase of females, viz., 7,637, 5,886, and 3,117 = (16,640), a considerable proportion of which doubtless consists of domestic servants. The increase is maintained throughout the table, but on a diminished scale, amounting in the three following decades (45–75) to 3,936, viz., 1,902, 1,304, and 730. Of persons above 75 years of age, 1,184 were enumerated; the excess of females being 358. The preponderance of females at middle life and in old age is probably due to the residence from choice of many independent persons, attracted by the salubrity and by the social and other advantages of Kensington; and to the greater longevity of women.
The superficial area of the parish is 2,190 acres, viz., 1,497 in the Town sub-district, and 639 in Brompton. Some 300 or 400 acres are still uncovered by buildings. The density of the population is about 74 persons to an acre. The total number of houses, including empties and those in course of erection, slightly exceeds 20,000. The inhabited houses at the middle of the year were about 17,667, an increase of 747 over the previous year. There were about 7.8 persons to each house on an average throughout the parish; but at the census, 1871, it appeared that the average in the Brompton Sub-district was only seven.
The subjoined table is of interest, showing as it does the remarkable growth of the parish in wealth and population during the present century:
| The Year. | Population. | Rateable Value. | The Year. |
| 1801 | 8,556 | £75,916 | 1823 |
| 1821 | 14,428 | 93,397 | 1833 |
| 1841 | 26,834 | 142,772 | 1843 |
| 1851 | 44,053 | 257,103 | 1853 |
| 1861 | 70,108 | 375,333 | 1860 |
| 1871 | 120,299 | 590,711 | 1865 |
| 1874 (estmtd.) | 138,000 | 817,326 | 1870 |
| £1,119,442 | (April) 1875 |