NOTES
[1] Bellarmin. de Rom. Pont. Lib. iv. 25; iv. 24; i. 9.
[2] De Maistre, du Pape. Liv. i. ch. i.
[3] S. Cyprian de Unit. Ecc. 12.
[4] "Development," &c. p. 22.
[5] Thomassin, Part i. lib. i. ch. 4. De l'ancienne discipline de l'Eglise.
[6] St. Cypr. de Unit. 4. Oxford Tr.
[7] Quoted by Thomassin, ut sup.
[8] Ibid.
[9] S. Aug. Tom. v. 706, B.
[10] S. Chrys. Tom. ii. 594, B.
[11] St. Jerome, tom. ii. 279, Vallarsi.
[12] Development, p. 279.
[13] The words in italics are left out by Mr. N.
[14] Thomassin, Part i. liv. i. ch. iii.
[15] Of a passage in this letter, De Maistre says (Du Pape, liv. i. ch. 6): "Resuming the order of the most marked testimonies which present themselves to me on the general question, I find, first, St. Cyprian declare, in the middle of the third century, that heresies and schisms only existed in the Church because all eyes were not turned towards the Priest of God, towards the Pontiff who judges in the Church in the place of Jesus Christ." A pretty strong testimony, indeed, and one which would go far to convince me of the fact. Pity it is, that when one refers to the original, one finds that St. Cyprian is actually speaking of himself, and of the consequences of any where setting up in a see a schismatical Bishop against the true one. After this, who will trust De Maistre's facts without testing them? The truth is, he had taken the quotation at second hand, and never looked to see to whom it was applied. It suited the Pope so admirably that it must have been meant for him. But I recommend no one to change their faith upon the authority of quotations which they do not test.
[16] Epist. 67. De Marciano Arelatensi.
[17] S. Cyp. Ep. 29.
[18] Ep. 73.
[19] Ep. 74.
[20] De Unit. Ecc. Oxf. Tr.
[21] Op. St. Cypr. p. 329. ed. Baluz.
[22] Tom. ix. p. 110.
[23] S. Cyp. Ep. 75.
[24] Liv. VII. sec. 32.
[25] Tom. ix. 97. G.
[26] Tom. ii. 96. F.
[27] Tom. ii. 299. C.
[28] Fleury, liv. vii. 23.
[29] Ep. 68. S. Cypriani.
[30] Liv. i. ch. 2, sect. 5.
[31] Liv. i. ch. 3, sect. 8.
[32] Fleury, Liv. xii. xxix. Conc. Sard. Can. 3, 4, 7.
[33] Thomassin, Part I. liv. i. ch. 40. sect. 2.
[34] Idem, ut supra.
[35] St. Aug. Tom. V. 1097. B.
[36] Tom. IV. 1215. E.
[37] Tom. V. 240. F.
[38] Tom. V. 1194. E.
[39] Tom. V. 1195. E.
[40] Tom. III. Part ii. 800. G.
[41] He allows that Peter may be called the rock. Tom. i. 32, E.
[42] Fleury 23, 30. Oxf. Tr.
[43] St. Aug. Tom. II. 618. B.
[44] St. Aug. Tom. ii. 635. F.
[45] Tom. ii. 639. B.
[46] Quoted by Fleury, 23, 32. Oxford Tr.
[47] Fleury, Liv. 24, 35. Oxf. Tr. See the original: Codex Eccl. Afric. 138.
[48] Chillingworth, quoted by Mr. Newman, "Developement," p. 4.
[49] Tom. ix. 372. F.
[50] Tom. ix. 340. A.
[51] Tom. v. 1199. D. 1202. F.
[52] Def. Cleri. Gall. Pars ii. lib. xii. ch. 5.
[53] Def. Cleri. Gall. Pars ii. lib. xii. ch. 7.
[54] Ibid. lib. xiii. ch. 19.
[55] St. Chrys. Tom. ix. 757. A.
[56] Lacordaire, Sur le Saint Siège.
[57] St. Aug. Tom. x. 412. B. quoted in Fleury, Oxf. Tr. 3. 93.
[58] Def. Clerc. Gall. Pars ii. lib. xii. c. 10.
[59] Fleury, 25-47. Oxf. Trans.
[60] Ut sup. ch. 14.
[61] Du Pape, Liv. i. ch. 2.
[62] Id. Liv. i. ch. 4.
[63] Hammond's Translation.
[64] Tillemont, tom. xv. p. 72.
[65] Tillemont, tom. xv. p. 81.
[66] Tillemont, tom. xv. p. 83.
[67] Tillemont, tom. xv. p. 89.
[68] St. Leo. Ep. 40.
[69] St. Leo. Ep. 10. Edit. Ball.
[70] Ib. Ep. 65.
[71] Ep. 10.
[72] St. Leo. Ep. 14, cap. i. xi.
[73] S. Leon. Ep 6, cap. 2.
[74] St. Jerome, Ep. 146. Vallarsi.
[75] Theodoret, Ep. in Epist. S. Leonis, 52.
[76] Mansi, 6, 817, quoted by Gieseler, tom. i. part ii. p. 192.
[77] Isidorus, Hisp. Etymol. 7, 12, quoted by Gieseler, ut sup. p. 406.
[78] Gieseler, tom. i. part ii. pp. 191, 192.
[79] Gieseler, tom. i. part ii. p. 205.
[80] Theodoret. Hist. Eccl. lib. v. ch. 9.
[81] Observe this Council so called by the Greeks before it was received by the West.
[82] It must be remembered that Diocese, in the language of this time, means the several provinces comprehended in a Patriarchate. It was the civil term.
[83] S. Bas. M. Ep. 239.
[84] Gieseler, tom. i. part ii. p. 202.
[85] Sozomen, Hist. iii. ch. 8.
[86] Ibid. Hist. iii. ch. 10.
[87] Socrates, Hist. ii. ch. 17.
[88] Bossuet, Sermon sur l'Unité de l'Eglise.
[89] Bossuet, Def. Cleri Gall. Pars ii. lib. xii. ch, 15, 16, 17.
[90] S. Leon. Ep. 120.
[91] Ib. c. 4.
[92] S. Leon. Ep. 102.
[93] Ch. 18, ibid.
[94] Fleury, Liv. xxviii. 29. Oxf. Tr.
[95] Theod. lib. v. ch. 28, quoted by Tillemont.
[96] Tillemont, tom. xv. p. 711.
[97] The sittings are variously counted.
[98] Fleury, liv. xxviii. xxx. Oxf. Tr.
[99] Tillemont, tom. xv. p. 707.
[100] S. Leon. Ep. 104, cap. 3.
[101] S. Leon. Ep. 105.
[102] Ep. 106, cap. 4.
[103] Ep. 105, cap. 2.
[104] Ep. 106, cap. 2-5.
[105] Ep. 107.
[106] Ep. 105, cap. 3.
[107] Tillemont, tom. xv. p. 731.
[108] S. Leon. Ep. 107.
[109] S. Greg. Ep. lib. iii. 10.
[110] On Development, p. 307.
[111] Fleury, liv. xxxii. 54.
[112] Gieseler, vol. i. part. ii. p. 192.
[113] Nov. i. 1-7, quoted by Gieseler.
[114] Fleury, liv. xxxiii. 4, 5, 6.
[115] Nov. vi. Epilogus.
[116] Nov. cxxiii. c. 3.
[117] Ad Valerianum, Mansi, ix. 732.
[118] Contra litt. Petiliani, ii. 51, all quoted by Gieseler.
[119] Bossuet, Def. Cleri Gall. pars ii. lib. xii. cap. 19.
[120] Fleury, liv. xxxiii. 52.
[121] Bossuet, ut sup.
[122] Du Pape, liv. i. ch. 3.
[123] Fleury, Liv. xxxiii. 52.
[124] Sozomen, lib. iii. ch. 11.
[125] Tom. i. part ii. 410.
[126] Def. Cleri Gall. pars ii. lib. xii. cap. 29.
[127] Id. cap. 31.
[128] Du Pape, liv. iii. ch. 7.
[129] S. Greg. Ep. lib. ii. 52.
[130] Lib. ix. 59, Gieseler.
[131] Lib. xi. 37, Gieseler.
[132] Gieseler, tom. i. part ii. 401.
[133] Liv. xxxiv. 60.
[134] Liv. xxxv. 19.
[135] Ep. S. Greg. lib. v. 43.
[136] Lib. ix. 68.
[137] Lib. v. 19.
[138] Lib. vii. 33.
[139] Lib. v. Ep. 20.
[140] Lib. vii. 27.
[141] I cannot but consider St. Gregory's words to contain one of the most remarkable prophecies to be found in history; for this assuming the title and exercising the power of universal Pope has actually led not only to the concentration of all executive power in the Roman See, but to the conviction, among its warmest partisans, that the whole existence of the Church depends on the single See of Rome. Take the following from De Maistre: "Christianity rests entirely upon the Sovereign Pontiff."—"Without the Sovereign Pontiff the whole edifice of Christianity is undermined, and only waits, for a complete falling in, the development of certain circumstances which shall be put in their full light."—"What remains incontestable is, that if the Bishops, assembled without the Pope, may call themselves the Church, and claim any other power but that of certifying the person of the Pope in those infinitely rare moments when it might be doubtful, unity exists no longer, and the visible Church disappears."—"The Sovereign Pontiff is the necessary, only, and exclusive foundation of Christianity. To him belong the promises, with him disappears unity, that is, the Church."—"The supremacy of the Pope being the capital dogma without which Christianity cannot subsist, all the Churches, which reject this dogma, the importance of which they conceal from themselves, are agreed even without knowing it: all the rest is but accessory, and thence comes their affinity, of which they know not the cause."—Du Pape, Discours Préliminaire; Liv. i. ch. 13; Liv. iv. ch. 5. Could we have any stronger witness to the antagonism between the Papal and Patriarchal or Episcopal System? Or can any words be spoken more opposed in tone than these to the writings of Fathers and decrees of ancient Councils? Or are they who say such things wise defenders of the Church or promoters of unity?
[142] Lib. viii. 30.
[143] Part i. liv. i. ch. 11.
[144] Mansi, vi. 1006. 1012, quoted by Gieseler.
[145] Lib. v. 18.
[146] Proph. Office, p. 221. Development, p. 10.
[147] Sect. 13. March 28, 681, translated in Landon's Councils.
[148] Bossuet, Def. Cler. Gall. pars ii. lib. xii. cap. 34.
[149] Bellarmin de Pont. Rom. lib. iv. cap. 24, 25.
[150] Bellarmin de Pont. Rom. lib. i. cap. 9.
[151] Def. Cleri. Gall. pars ii. lib. xiii. cap. 11.
[152] Bossuet is very moderate. St. Chrysostom says, (on Acts, Hom. 33,) "James was Bishop in Jerusalem, and so speaks last;" and presently, "There was no pride in the Church, but much good order. And see, after Peter, Paul speaketh, and no one rebukes him: James waits and starts not out of his place, for he was entrusted with the government." What would St. Chrysostom say to Bellarmine's doctrine?
[153] Ep. S. Innoc.; in Op. S. Aug. tom. ii. 618; see above, p. 59.
[154] Ibid, quoted above, p. 60.
[155] St. Leo. Serm. in Anniver. Assumpt. quoted above.
[156] Ep. 10.
[157] Optat. l. ix. contra Parmen.
[158] Greg. Nyss. T. 2. 746.
[159] Cæsar. Arel. Epist. ad Symm.
[160] Quoted above, p. 58.
[161] Cap. xiv. lib. xiii. pars 2.
[162] Bossuet, Def. &c. Pars ii. lib. xiii. cap. 20.
[163] De Rom. Pont. lib. iv. cap. 26.
[164] Developement, p. 28.
[165] Du Pape, liv. ii. ch. 6; and Discourse Préliminaire.
[166] See the account of his death in Bowden's Life.
[167] Dante, Paradiso, xii. 55.
[168] Bellarmine, quoted above.
[169] I owe this observation to a friend who has had great opportunities of judging about the state of the Russian Church.
[170] "Introduction to Die Zukunft Kirche. The work advocates the introduction of Episcopacy into the German Church, but not the Apostolical Episcopacy of the English Church, which M. Bunsen condemns in terms as strong as any which have been used by any opponent of the Bishopric. 'If ever and at any time the Episcopate, in the sense of Anglicanism, should be raised into a distinctive mark of Churchdom among us, not constitutionally and nationally (?) it would, in my opinion, be striking the death-blow to the innermost germ of life in the Church.' He will exert every energy, and shed the last drop of his blood in order to preserve the Church of the German nation against such an Episcopacy,"—English Churchman, April 30, 1846. There are solemn words, which have found an echo in many hearts, "May that measure utterly fail, and come to nought, and be as though it had never been!"