CONTENTS
| PART I. BIOLOGY | |
| CHAPTER I | |
| The Argument from Design | |
| PAGE | |
Paley and the Watch | [1] |
The Analogy Inapplicable | [4] |
Paley’s Conception of Design | [8] |
The Evolutionary Conception | [11] |
Conquest of Nature by the Evolution Theory | [16] |
The Philosophic Basis of Nature-study | [17] |
| CHAPTER II | |
| The Wheel of Life | |
Continuity of Animal, Vegetable, and Mineral Life | [21] |
Characters of Organic Life | [23] |
Living Matter: Its Functions | [24] |
Its Substance | [27] |
Its Structure | [28] |
| CHAPTER III | |
| De Minimis | |
Growth and Development | [32] |
Development a Cell-problem | [33] |
The Mechanical Conception of Life | [34] |
The Cell and its Structure | [34] |
| Cell-division and Heredity | [40] |
Reproductive Cells and Body-cells | [45] |
The Origin of Conjugation | [46] |
The Mechanism of Conjugation | [51] |
Significance of Elementary Vital Processes | [59] |
Adaptability, a Fundamental Character of Life | [63] |
| CHAPTER IV | |
| The Mechanical Theory of Evolution: the Darwin-Lamarck Explanation | |
The Fixity of Species, how Maintained | [66] |
The Mutability of Species | [67] |
Lamarck’s Explanation of the Origin of Species | [68] |
Natural Selection of Innate Variations | [72] |
Difficulties of Lamarckism | [77] |
Need of a deeper Explanation | [89] |
| CHAPTER V | |
| The Mechanical Theory of Evolution: theDarwin-Weismann Explanation | |
Lamarck, or ‘Metaphysics’? | [91] |
Weismann’s Escape | [93] |
The Struggle among the Determinants | [95] |
Chance-Variations and Co-adaptation | [97] |
Other Difficulties of the Chance-Variation Theory | [99] |
Natural Selection | [103] |
Impossible before Competition Existed | [104] |
Co-operation and Competition | [104] |
Protective Mimicry, Inexplicable by Chance-Variations and Natural Selection | [106] |
Innate Capacities of Life | [109] |
Outline of Preceding Arguments | [111] |
| CHAPTER VI | |
| The Directive Theory of Evolution | |
Nature’s Power of Response | [115] |
Reinke’s Theory of Dominants | [120] |
Cases of their Action in Evolution | [123] |
Law and Directivity | [128] |
Intelligence and Directivity | [130] |
The Analogy of Social Evolution | [131] |
The Analogy of Language | [133] |
Synthetic Movement of the Cosmic Reason | [137] |
Objections from Imperfect Adaptations and Regressive FormsStated | [143] |
Mechanical and Psychic Agencies, how Distinguished | [146] |
Science versus ‘Mysticism’ | [150] |
Reply to Objection from Imperfect Adaptations, etc. | [152] |
Man, the Growing-point of Earthly Life | [154] |
Immanence or Transcendence of the Cosmic Reason? | [155] |
Man’s Relations to the Whole | [157] |
| PART II. ETHICS | |
| CHAPTER VII | |
| Law, Free Will, Personality | |
Free Will and Determinism | [161] |
The Determinist Position | [163] |
The Free Will Position | [164] |
Conditions necessary for Free Will | [168] |
Has the Will an Ethical Bias? | [169] |
Limitations of Free Will | [172] |
Evolution of the Will | [174] |
Free Will and Monism | [176] |
Free Will and Brain-structure | [177] |
Relations of Mind and Matter | [186] |
Immortality | [189] |
| CHAPTER VIII | |
| The Ethical Criterion | |
The Visible and the Invisible Worlds | [194] |
Dualism and Monism | [195] |
Monism and the Moral Law | [198] |
The Hedonistic Basis of Morals | [200] |
The Natural Basis of Morals | [203] |
| CHAPTER IX | |
| The Ethical Sanction | |
The Individual and the Whole | [208] |
A Scale of Motives | [210] |
Conscience and its Commands, how respectively Derived | [211] |
Results of Duty and of Self-indulgence Compared | [212] |
The False and the True Asceticism | [214] |
Ethics for Life: Implications of this Doctrine | [220] |
Is Life Dependent on Matter? | [222] |
The Cosmic Life gives Immortality to the Individual | [225] |
And Demands his Allegiance | [226] |
Ethics Originates in the Visible Order, but does not end there | [228] |
Hence, Ethics is for Death as well as Life | [229] |
The Martyrdoms of Socrates and of Christ | [230] |
Outline of the Conclusions arrived at | [233] |
| PART III. ART | |
| CHAPTER X | |
| Art and Life | |
Tolstoy’s Account of the Nature of Art | [236] |
Of the Standard of Art | [241] |
Of the Purpose of Art | [241] |
Criticism of his Conclusions | [245] |
| Art, Man’s expression of Life | [246] |
Art and Beauty | [251] |
Order and Change as Principles of Life and Art | [253] |
Classification of the Arts | [254] |
| Examples of the Presentative Arts—(a) Architecture | [256] |
| (b) Ornament | [259] |
| (c) Music | [261] |
| The Representative Arts—(a The Plastic Arts | [265] |
| (b) Dancing | [270] |
The Evocative Art: Literature | [271] |
The Union of Music and Poetry | [272] |
Conclusion | [273] |
| APPENDIX A | |
| Sum ergo Cogito | [275] |
| APPENDIX B | |
Co-operation and Competition | [279] |
| APPENDIX C | |
Is Life worth Living? | [282] |
| APPENDIX D | |
St. Francis the Poet | [285] |
| APPENDIX E | |
Isabella and Claudio | [288] |
| Index | [295] |