INDEX.
Acta Apostolorum, Gr., Lat. (Laud. Codex), Oxford 1715; [321]
Acta Sanctorum Hiberniæ, Louvain, 1645; [75]
Adams (Geo.), successor to Moxon, [192]
Advertisement of Caxton, [49], [87]
Ælfredi Res Gestæ, Lond. 1574; [73], [95], [96], [98], [144], [176]
Ælfric’s Paschal Homily, Lond. 1567; [73], [95]: Lond. 1623; [73]
Æneas Silvius, Louvain, 1483; [43]
Æsop’s Fables, Milan, 1480; [57]: Louvain, 1513; [59]
Aldus Manutius, Specimen, [49], [169]; ‘Silver type’, [106]; Greek, [58]; Hebrew, [62]; Initials, [80]; Italic, [50]; Ornaments, [82]; Roman, [41]
Alexandrian Greek, matrices, Grover, [198], [204], [321]; James, [228], [303], [321]; Fry, [303], [304], [311], [321]; Jackson, [321], [322]
Alfieri, Works of, Kehl, 1786–1809; [286]
Alphabet Irlandais, Paris, 1804; [76], [191]
Alphabetarium Runic-Swed., Stockholm, 1611; [72]
Alphabetum, Heb., Gr., Paris 1507; [62]: Paris 1516; [63]
Amerbach, Roman type of, [43]
America, first letter-founders in, [350]
Ames (Jos.) on Caxton’s types, [84], [242]; on Caslon’s, [242]; inaccuracy of, [349]
Amharic, same as Ethiopic, [69], [177]; Castell’s, [177]; Oxford, [177]; Fry, [309], [311]
Amman (Jost), Book of Trades, [104]
ANDERTON (GEO.) founder, [246], [350]; specimen of, [350]
ANDREWS (ROB.) [157], [166], [194]–[197]; succeeds Moxon, [194]; punches cut by, [74], [157], [196]; summary of foundry, [195]; foundry sold, [197]
——— Matrices: Anglo-Norman, [196]; Arabic, [195]; Blacks, [194], [196], [312]; Ethiopic, [194], [193]; Greek, [195], [197]; Hebrew, [194], [195]; Irish, [194], [196]; Music, [77], [196]; Roman and Italic, [195], [197]; Samaritan, [70], [195]; Saxon, [74], [157], [196]; Secretary, [196]; Signs, etc., [196]; Syriac, [195], [241]
ANDREWS (SYL.) son of above, [149], [195], [209]; supplies Baskett, [210]; foundry sold, [211]; epitaph, [211]
ANDREWS (SYL.) Matrices: Hebrew, [209]; Roman and Italic, [209], [210]
‘ANONYMOUS FOUNDRY,’ [206]
——— Matrices: Anglo-Norman, [207]; Arabic, [207]; Black, [207]; Ethiopic, [207]; Gothic, [207]; Greek, [207]; Roman, [207]
Anglo-Norman Matrices: Andrews, [196]; ‘Anon,’, [207]; James, [223], [228]
Anglo-Saxon; see Saxon
Anthologia, Gr., Florence 1494; [57]
Antimony, discovered, [20]; use of in type metal, [20], [117]; prices of, [118]
Antiqua, German name for Roman, [42]; Italian ditto, [42]
Antiques linguæ Brit, rudimenta, Lond. 1621; [64]
Applegarth (A.) type-casting machine of, [121]
Apprentice-founders, regulation of, [130], [133]; in France, [129]
Aquinas (St. Th.) Summa, 1462; [54]
Arabic, first types of, [65]; printed in Black or Hebrew, [65]; early in Italy, [65], [66]; Paris, [65]; Leyden, [65], [141], [144]; Upsala, [66]
——— in England, first types, [66]; printed in Italic, [66]; written by hand, [66]; De Worde’s, [66], [91]; Bedwell’s, [66], [145]; none at Oxford, 1639, [66]: Flesher’s, [66]
——— Matrices: Oxford, [66], [147], [148], [155], [161]; Polyglot, [66], [173], [174], [177], [198]; Andrews, [195]; Grover, [198], [235]; ‘Anon,’ [207]; James, [67], [223], [228], [303]; Caslon, [67], [235], [240], [247], [254]; Fry, [67], [303], [309], [311]; Caslon III, [326]
——— Punches: James, [229]
Arabian Trudgman, Lond. 1615; [66]
Arba Turim, Pheibia, 1475; [62]
Arber (E.) on early English printers, [125]
Archaionomia, Lond. 1568; [95]
Areopagitica of Milton, [130]
Aristotle, Venice, 1495; [58]
Armenian, first types, [68]; at Rome, [68]; Paris, [68]; Amsterdam, [68]; Marseilles, [68]; Constantinople, [68]
——— Matrices: Oxford, [62], [148], [153], [161]; Caslon, [69], [239], [240], [247], [254]; Caslon III, [326]
Aspinwall (T.) type-casting machine of, [122]
Astle (T.) on early type ‘bills,’ [28]; on Day’s Saxon, [96]
Atanasia, Spanish type body, [37]
Athias (Jos.) Dutch founder, [114], [215]; Hebrew type of, [64], [215], [238], [264]
Attempts to convert the Native Irish, Lond., n.d., [190]
Augustin, a type body, [32], [37]
Augustini, De Civitate Dei, Rome, 1474; [37]: Basle, 1506; [37]
AUSTIN (RICHD.) letter founder, [359]; cuts punches for Stephenson, [353], [359]; Wilson, [360]; and Miller, [355], [360]; starts a foundry, [360]; specimen and advertisement, [360]; anecdote of, [360]; his successors, [360]
——— Matrices, Roman and Italic, [360]
Baber (H. H.) facs. of Alexandrian Codex, [322]
Badius Ascensius, French printer, [20]; device, [106]; Greek, [58]; Hebrew, [63]; Roman, [43]
Bagford (Jno.) notes on printing, [84], [139], [140], [144], [146], [165]; on Oxford Specimen, [154]; on Oxford Printing House, [156]
Bagster (S.), Polyglot Bible of, [65], [308], [311], [341]; Hebrew, cut for, [65], [341]; Syriac, [308], [311], [342]
BAINE (JNO.) partner with Wilson, [239], [260]; begins a foundry in London, [349]; in Edinburgh, [349]; specimens, [263], [349], [350]
Barclay (R.) patent punches of, [119]
Barker (Chr.) report on printers, 1582: [126]
Barker (F.) printer of ‘Wicked’ Bible, [142], [143]
Barnes (Jos.) Oxford printer, [140]
BARTON—letter founder, [364]
Base-Secretary, peculiar type, [55], [56], [289]
BASKERVILLE (JNO.) [268]–[87]; early training, [268]; first types cut by, [268], [269], [275]; letters to Dodsley, [270]–[2]; Virgil, 1757, [271], [272], [273]; specimens, [271], [276], [277], [287]; preface to Milton, [275]; tribute to Caslon, [243], [275]; employed by Oxford Press, [160], [273], [274]; dazzling impressions of, [275], [279]; relics of, at Oxford, [160], [162], [274]; privilege from Cambridge, [276], [278]; type bodies, [276]; punch-cutters for, [269], [277], [353]; letter to H. Walpole, [278]; prejudice against, [278], [279], [280], [284]; folio Bible, 1763, [279]; tries to sell business, [278], [281], [284]; correspondence with Franklin, [280], [281]; various tributes to, [263], [272], [277], [280], [284]; retires from printing, [281], resumes [281]; death, [281]; personal notices of, [282]; epitaph and burial, [282], [283]; portrait, [283]; his influence on English typography, [284], [299], [305], [310], [332], [333]; destination of his types, [287], [286]
——— Matrices: Roman, [47], [48], [263], [270], [271], [275], [276], [277], [279], [280], [284]; Greek, [61], [160], [273], [274]; Initials, [81], [270]
Bakerville (Mrs.) notice of, [282], [283]; her advertisements, [283]; book printed by, [238]
Baskett (Jno.) printer at Oxford, [210]; his ‘Vinegar’ Bible, 1717–16, [210]; inventory of his types, [210]; ‘silver initials’ of, [107], [211]
Batarde, a class of type, [36], [53], [55]
Bay (Jno.) early American founder, [350]
Beaumarchais, purchases Baskerville’s foundry, [284]; typographical establishment at Kehl, [285]; editions of Voltaire, [285], [286]
Beauties of the Poets, Lond. 1788; [306]
Bebel, Hebrew type of, [63]
Bede’s Works, Camb. 1644; [74]
Bedell (Bp.) A B C. or Catechism, Dublin, 1631, [188]; Irish Old Testament, Lond. 1685; [188]
Bedwell (Wm.) buys Arabic abroad, [66], [145]
BELL and STEPHENSON, letter founders, [353]
Bellows’ French Dictionary, Edinburgh, 1873; [356]
Bengalee matrices, Jackson, [317], [318]; Wilkins, [318]
Bensley (T.) printer, employs Figgins, [336]
Bernard (A.) on sculpto-fusi types, [8]; sand-cast type, [10], [12]; ‘getté en molle,’ [13]; on early founts, [27]
Berte (A. F.) type-casting machine of, [119], [120]
Berthelet (T.) types of, [94]; Boke named the Governour, [94]
BESLEY (ROBT.) partner of Thorowgood, [296]
BESSEMER (ANT.) letter founder, [254], [265], [358]; starts at Charlton, [358]; joined, by J. J. Catherwood, [358]; removes to London, [359]; minute types cut by, [358], [359]; foundry sold, [359]; specimens, [358], [359]
——— Matrices:—Roman and Italic, [359]
Bessemer (H.) son of above, type casting machine of, [265], [359]
Bettenham (Jas.) printer, [234]; assists Caslon, [234]
Bewick (T.) wood-engraver, [306], [330], [331]
Bible (Polyglot), Complutum, 1514–17; [59], [63], [169], [170]; Antwerp, 1569–72; [51], [59], [64], [169], [170]; Heidelberg, 1586; [170]; Hamburg, 1596; [170]; Nuremburg, 1599; [170]: Paris, 1645; [66], [67], [70], [169], [170], [171]; London, 1657; [47], [66], [68], [69], [70], [98], [136]; account of, [168]–[176]; London, 1817–28, &c., [65], [68], [308], [341]
——— (Hebrew) Soncino, 1488; [62]; Basle, 1534: [63]; Hamburg, 1587 and 1603; [63], [247]; Amsterdam, 1639; [64]; Amsterdam, 1667; [64], [215]; Amsterdam, 1705; [64]
——— (Greek) Alexandrian Codex, Lond. 1816–21; [322]
——— (Latin) Mentz n.d., [26], [27], [53]
——— (English) Lond. 1539 (Grafton’s) [124]; Edinburgh 1576 (Bassendyne) [46]; Lond. 1631 (Barker) [142], [198]; Lond. 1653 (Field) [47]; Oxford, 1717–16 (Baskett) [210]; Cambridge 1763 (Baskerville) [279]; Lond. 1774–6 (Moore) [301]; Bristol, 1774 (Pine) [301]; Lond. 1776 (Pasham) [324]; Lond. 1777 (Fry) [302]; Lond. 1800 (Macklin) [323], [336]
——— (Armenian) Amsterdam, 1666; [68]
——— (Irish) Lond. 1685; [75], [190]; Lond. 1690; [190]
——— (Russian) Prague, 1517–19; [71]
——— (Sclavonic) Ostrog, 1581; [71]: Moscow, 1663; [71]
——— (Syriac) Lond. 1829; [68]
Bible-height at Oxford, [155]
Bible-printing, complaints of, [232]
Bibliander, on wooden types, [4]
Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana, Rome, 1591; [65], [67], [68]
‘Bill’ of early founders, [28]
Bill (Jno.) Hebrew type of, [64]
Binneman (H.) types of, [96]
BLACK, a founder, [364]
Black letter, early use of in England, [54], [97]; Caxton’s, [53], [87], [88], [89], [312], [343]; De Worde’s, [53], [89], [90], [91], [197], [199], [225], [239]; Faques’, [93]; fashions in, [54]; semi-gothic, [55], [94]; mixed with Roman, [45], [80]
——— Matrices:—Oxford, [148], [161]; Polyglot, [173], [177]; Andrews, [196], [312]; Grover, [197], [199], [225]; Head, [206], [241]; Mitchell, [206], [241]; ‘Anon.’, [207]; James, [54], [214], [217], [223], [228], [303]; Caslon, [54], [239], [240], [248], [254]; Wilson, [264]; Fry, [303], [310], [311], [334]; Thorne, [295]; Caslon III, [326]; Figgins, [340], [343]
Blades (Wm.) on early schools of typography, [9]; on page by page printing, [26]; Life of Caxton, [83]; on early letter-founding, [102]
BLAKE, GARNETT & CO., purchase Caslon IV’s foundry, [327]; specimen, [328]; Orientals, [328]
Blind type: Haüy’s, [78]; Lucas, [79]; Frere, [79]; Moon, [79]; Braille, [79]; Carton, [79]; Alston, [78], [79], [309]; Fry, [78], [79], [308], [309]
Block books, not typographical, [2]; latest printed, [2]
Block-printing, see Stereotype
Bodies, see Type-bodies
Bodman on wooden types, [4]
Bodoni (G. B.) notice of, [251], [252]; specimens, [50], [252]; influence on English typography, [251], [331]; Manuale Tipografico, [72], [252]; Etruscan letter of, [72]; Greek, [61], [252], [332]; Roman, [48], [251]; Russian, [72]
Boëthius de Consolatione, Oxon. 1698; [151]
Boke named the Governour, Lond. 1531; [94]
Bolts (W.) Bengalee type cut for, [317], [318], [319]
Bomberg, Hebrew type of, [62]
Bourgeoise, a class of type, [32]
Bourgeois, an English type-body, [33], [39]
Bourgeois (J. de) Rouen printer, [103]
BOWER (G. W.) Sheffield founder, [357]; specimen, [357]; partners of, [357]; attempt to regulate type bodies, [35], [357]; foundry sold, [357]
Bowyer (Wm.) printer, account of, [234]; Saxon type used by, [74], [157], [289]; fire of his office, [157], [197], [205], [234]; his aid to Caslon, [234], [236], [238], [316]
Bowyer (Wm. II) his aid to Jackson, [315], [316], [323]
Boydell (Jno.) founder of the Shakespeare press, [330]
Boyle (R.) Irish type cut for, [189]
Bradshaw (Henry) on the type of the Mentz Psalter, [11]; on the first Oxford types, [138]
Branston, engraver and maker of cast ornaments, [360]; his stereoplates for music, [360]
Breaking off, process in founding, [111], [115], [116], [117], [131]
‘Breaks’ of early types, [22]
Breitkopf (J. G.) Leipzig founder, [296]; German type of, [296]; Map type, [296]; Music, [78], [296]; Russian, [71], [72], [296]
Brèves (Sav. de) Arabic cut for, [66]; Syriac, [67]
Breviary (Icelandic), Hoolum, 1531; [73]
Brevier, a type body, [32]; English, [32], [33], [39], [129]; German, [38]
Brilliant, an English type body, [356]
British Theatre, Lond. 1791–2; [52]
Brotherly Meeting of Printers, [165], [166], [171], [178], [193], [194], [197], [205]
BROWN, letter-founder, [358]
Browne (J.) Hebrew used by, [64]
Bruce (D.) type-casting machine of, [122]
Buchanan (Cl.) Syriac cut for, [342]
Buck (T.) Cambridge printer, [141]
Buel (Abel) early American founder, [350]
Bullock’s Oratio, Camb. 1521; [141]
Bulmer (W.) fine printer, [330], [331], [333]; employs Birmingham cutters, [284], [331]; prints for Roxburghe club, [312], [334]
Burghers (M.) Oxford University engraver, [151], [210]
Bus (J.) Dutch founder, [114], [215]
Cædmon’s Paraphrase of Genesis, Amsterdam, 1655; [74]
Calasio Concordantiæ, Lond. 1747; [346]
Cambridge University, early printing at, [139], [141]; offer to buy the Paris Greek, [61], [141]; Greek types at, [60], [141]; borrow type from Oxford, [61], [141]; Saxon types of, [74]; privilege to Ged for stereotype, [219]; to Baskerville, [276], [278]; Orientals, cut by Fry for, [308]
Cambro-brytannicæ . . lingua Institutiones, Lond. 1592; [64]
Canon, a type body, [32], [36]; Tory’s definition of, [32]
Carmen Tograi, Oxon. 1661; [66], [68]
Cartlitch (Miss), married Caslon II, [248]
CASLON (WM.) the First, [233]–246; gunsmith’s apprentice, [233]; first attempts at typography, [233]–6; first foundry, [234]; early patrons, [234]; Palmer’s conduct to, [235], [238]; early difficulties, [237]; offers for Grover’s foundry, [237]; reputation of, [237]; first specimen, [240], [290]; view of his foundry, [108], [116], [243], [288], [316]; specimens, [241], [242], [280]; various tributes to, [158], [241], [242], [243], [275]; wager with Ged, [219], [238]; rival to James, [219], [222], [238]; buys half Mitchell’s foundry, [206], [221], [241]; made a Justice, [243]; his workmen, [243], [288], [290], [315], [316], [350], [351]; family, [245], [246]; retires, [244]; anecdote of private life, [245]; dies, [246]; influence on English typography, [47], [249], [284], [301], [303], [305]
——— Matrices: Armenian, [69], [239], [240], [247], [254]; Arabic, [67], [235], [240], [247], [254], [311]; Black, [54], [239], [240], [241], [248], [254]; Coptic, [70], [236], [237], [240], [234]; Ethiopic, [69], [240], [254]; Etruscan, [72], [239], [240], [247],[254]; Flowers, [222], [240], [241], [248]; Gothic, [73], [239], [240], [248], [254]; Greek, [240], [241], [247], [254]; Hebrew, [65], [236], [240], [247], [254]; Initials, [81]; Music, [254]; Roman and Italic, [47], [48], [52], [159], [197], [236], [240], [247], [254], [284]; Samaritan, [70], [240], [241], [247], [254]; Saxon, [74], [240], [248], [254]; Syriac, [68], [240], [241], [247], [254]
CASLON (WM.) the Second, son of above, enters business, [241]; specimens, [246]; Mores’ prejudice against, [244], [247]; anecdote of, [316]; dies, [248]; wife and family of, [248]
——— Matrices: Black, [248]; Greek, [247]; Hebrew, [247]; Music, [248]; ‘Proscription-type,’ [248]; Saxon, [74], [248]; Syriac, [246]
CASLON (MRS. W.) wife of above, formerly Miss Cartlitch, [248]; manages for her husband, [248]; succeeds to the business in 1792, [250]; member of trade Association, [250]; death, [251]; tributes to, [251]; decline in value of foundry under, [251]
CASLON (WM.) the Third, son of W. Caslon II, succeeds to the business, [248]; specimens, [248], [249], [250]; founder to His Majesty, [249]; altercation with Frys, [249], [303], [304]; large sand cast type of, [250]; cast ornaments, [254], [326]; leaves Chiswell Street, [250]; relations with Jackson, [317], [325]
——— Matrices (Chiswell Street): Script, [249]
——— Buys Jackson’s foundry, [325]; uses Chiswell Street Orientals and Cast Ornaments, [325], [326]; specimens, [325], [326]; retirement and character, [326], [327]
——— Matrices (Salisbury Square): Arabic, [326]; Armenian, [326]; Black, [326]; Greek, [326]; Hebrew, [326]; Samaritan, [326]; Saxon, [326]; Syriac, [326]
CASLON (HENRY) the First, son of W. Caslon II, [248]; joint heir to foundry, [248]; wife of, [250]; death, [250]
CASLON (Mrs. HENRY) wife of above, formerly Miss Rowe, [200], [250]; joint proprietor of foundry, [251], [252]; sole proprietor, [251]; regenerates foundry, [251]; cuts new founts, [251]; her partner, [252]; marries Mr. Strong, [252]; illness and death, [252]; specimen, [252]
——— Matrices: Roman and Italic, [251], [252], [253]
CASLON (HENRY) the Second, son of above, [250]; infant proprietor of foundry, [251]; sole proprietor, [253]; partners of, [253], [254]; additions to foundry, [253], [254], [334]; state of foundry in 1825, [234]; revives the Old Style, [255]; death, [255]
——— Matrices: German, [254]; Greek, [254]; Persian, [254]; Diamond Roman, [358]; Sanscrit, [254]
CASLON (HY. WM.) son and partner of above, [235]; unites Glasgow and Caslon foundries, [253], [263]; offers foundry for sale, [255]; dies, the last of his name, [255]
CASLON (WM.) the Fourth, son and partner of Wm. Caslon III, [326]; succeeds to Salisbury Square Foundry, [327]; improved types, [120], [327]; ‘Sanspareil’ matrices, [327]; sells foundry to Blake, [327]; character, [328]
Caslon (Saml.) mould-maker, brother to Wm. Caslon I. [246], [350]
Caslon (Thos.) bookseller, son of Wm. Caslon I, [246]
Caslon Foundry, type bodies in 1841, [34]; changes in the value of, [251], [255]; relics preserved at, [245]
Cast Ornaments, introduced by W. Caslon III, [250], [326]; Fry’s, [306]; Vizitelly, Branston’s, [360], [361]
Castell (E.) his Heptaglot Lexicon, [176], [177]
Casting, primitive methods of, [9]; early irregularity of, [18], [25]; in sand, [9], [10], [12]; in clay, [11], [12]; Moxon’s account of, [111]; improvements in, [119]–22
Castle of Otranto, Parma, 1791; [251]
Catechism and Articles in Irish, Dublin, 1571; [75], [187]
Catechism in Irish, Lond. 1680?; [189]
Catena on Job, Lond. 1637; [98], [144], [176], [198], [201], [228]
CATHERWOOD (NATL.) partner of Mrs. H. Caslon, [252]
CATHERWOOD (J. J.) brother to above, [253]; partner of Hy. Caslon II, [253]; leaves Chiswell Street, [254]; notice of, by Johnson, [254]; starts a foundry, [254], [358]; joins A. Bessemer, [358]; retires, [359]
Catholicon, Mentz, 1460; [16]
Caxton (Wm.) first English printer, [84]; early training, [84], [85]; probable methods of type founding, [85], [86], [343]; type cast by, [84], [85], [102]; mould of, [88]; types of, [86]–9; Black, [53], [87], [88]; Secretary, [55], [86], [87], [88]; Initials, [79]; type ornaments, [82]; first books of, [86]; his advertisement, [49], [87]; printed page by page, [26]; translation of Ovid’s Metamorphoses, by, [312]; employs a foreign printer, [91]; facsimiles of his types, [343], [344]
Celtis, his reference to cut types, [7]
Certificate, letter founders’, form of, [135]
‘Chalcographia,’ derivation of, [15]
Champfleury, Paris, 1529; [32], [183]
Chapel (a founders’), account of, [112], [166], [186]
Chapman, prints with Baskerville’s types, [283]
Charles II and the London Polyglot, [176]; on the Alexandrian Codex facsimile, [203]
Chevillier (A.) on the London Polyglot, [172]
Chinese type cast in plaster moulds, [15]
Christian Doctrine, Dublin 1652; [75], [188]
Christianæ Pietatis prima Institutio, Lond. 1578; [98]
Chronological account of Irish writers, Dublin 1820; [190]
Chrysostomi Homiliæ, Lond. 1543; [60], [95]: Opera, Oxon. 1586; [60], [140]; Translations from, Oxon. 1602; [64]: Opera, Eton 1610–12; [60], [140]
Church (W.) Type casting machine of, [121]
Cicero’s suggestion of mobile types, [3]
Cicero, a type body, [32], [38]
Cicero de Officiis, Mentz 1465; [38], [57]; Rome 1469; [38]
——— de Oratore, Rome 1465; [40]
Civilité, Lettre de, a French cursive, [56]; Plantin’s, [56]
Clarendon Printing House, Oxford, [156]
Clarke (S.) Oxford architypographus, [146]
Classical ‘height-to-paper’ at Oxford, [155], [274]
Claudin (A.) old Lyonnaise types of, [20]; on early type markets, [103]
Clayton (Robt.) patent matrices, [16], [121]
Clemens Romanus ad Corinthios, Oxon. 1633; [143], [201]
Codex Alexandrinus, history of, [200]; attempts to facsimile, [200]–5, [321]
Codex Bezæ, facsimile of, Camb. 1793; [322]
Collection of Hymns, Bristol 1769; [299]
Colonel, a Dutch and German type body, [39]
Commentary on the Pentateuch, Reggio 1475; [62]
Common Prayer, Lond. 1550; [77]: Cambridge 1760–2; [279]
——— (Irish) Dublin 1608; [75], [187]; Lond. 1712; [190]
Complutensian Polyglot, types of, [59], [63], [169]
Copland (R.) printer, types of, [94]
Coptic types of the Propaganda, [69]; Voskens, [70]; Fournier, [70]
——— Matrices: Oxford, [70], [147], [148], [153], [155], [161]; Grover, ‘new-hand,’ [198], [200]; Caslon, [70], [236], [237], [240], [247], [254]
Cornish (J. D.) his specimen of Caslon’s types, [246]
Corpus, a German type body, [39]
Coster legend disposed of by Van der Linde, [2]
COTTRELL (THOS.) [221], [288]–92; apprentice to Caslon, [243], [288], [290], [316]; starts a foundry, [288], [316]; his tribute to Caslon, [244], [290]; specimens, [290], [291], [292]; repairs the Elstob Saxon, [158], [289]; Fournier’s notice of, [290]; private in the Guards, [290], [316]; Nichols’ notice of, [291]; his foundry, [292]
——— Matrices: Domesday, [74], [291], [292], [294], [320]; Engrossing, [56], [289], [290], [291], [292], [295]; Flowers, [290], [291], [292]; “Proscription,” [291], [292], [317]; Roman and Italic, [48], [289], [290], [291], [292]; Russian, [72], [291]
Court Hand, early English, [55], [289]
——— Matrices: Grover, [199], [204]; James, [228], [303]; Fry, [303]
Cromwell (Oliver), his aid to the London Polyglot, [172], [175]
Cupi, a Dutch punch cutter, [114], [215], [216]
Cursiv, a German name for Italic, [51]
‘Cut matrices,’ a misnomer, [8]
Cyclopædia, E. Chambers, Lond. 1728; [38]: Lond. 1738; [241]: Lond. 1784–6; [250], [203]
Danish type at Oxford, [73], [151]
Dawks (I.) Script type of, [173]
Day (Jno.) printer, account of, [95]–101; a letter-founder, [96]; his Star Chamber case v. Ward, [124]. His types: Greek, [98]; Hebrew, [64], [98]; Italic, [51], [96], [97], [98], [144]; Music, [77], [98]; Roman, [47], [96], [97], [98], [144]; Saxon, [73], [96]
De Antiquitate Britannicæ Ecclesiæ, Lond. 1572; [97]
De Arte Supputandi, Lond. 1522; [92]
De Divinâ Proportione, Venice, 1509; [183]
De Emendatâ Structurâ, Lond. 1524; [60], [93]
De Linguæ Arabicæ Utilitate, Oxon, 1639; [66]
De Linguâ Etruriæ, Oxon. 1735; [239]
De Siglis Arabum, Lond. 1648; [66]
De Vinne (Theo.) on early type moulds, [9], [17]
De Visibili Romanarchiâ, Lond. 1573; [97]
De Worde. See Worde (W. de)
Demetrius of Crete, Greek types of, [57], [58]
Demetrius Phalereus: Glasgow, 1743; [261]
Descendiaen, a Dutch type body, [38]
Deva Nagari matrices: Jackson, [319]; Wilkins, [318]
Diamond, an English type body, [40]; a Dutch body, [40], [304]; matrices in Grover’s foundry, [197], [199]; founts cut in by Wilson, [264]; Fry, [304]; Bessemer, [358], [359]
Diary of Lady Willoughby, Lond. 1844; [255]
Dibdin (T. F.) on Black letter fashions, [54]; on Caxton’s types, [84]; Bibliographical Works of, [333]
Dictes and Sayings of the Philosophers, Westminster, 1477; [86]
Didot (A. F.) improved Script type, [56], [120], [308], [312].
Didot (F.) on Polytype printing, [13], [220]
Didot (F. A.) typographical points of, [35]; Roman type of, [48]
Didot (H.) Semi-Nonpareil cut by, [40]; Diamond, [359]; Patent type-casting machine, [121], [361]
Dilworth’s Spelling Book, Lond. n.d. [306]
Dives et Pauper, Lond. 1493; [91]
Diurnale Gr. Arab. Fano, 1514; [65]
Doctrinale, ‘getté en molle,’ [13]
Domesday matrices:—Cottrell, [74], [291], [292], [294], [320]; Jackson, [74], [291], [320], [321], [340]; Figgins, [339], [340], [343]
Domesday Book, Lond. 1783; [74], [320], [321], [340]
Domesday Book Illustrated, Lond. 1788; [321]
Donlevey’s Irish Catechism, Paris, 1742; [75]
Double Pica, an English type body, [33], [36]
Dressing, an operation in founding, [111], [115], [116]
Drury (J. I.) letter cutter to Mrs. H. Caslon, [251]
Ductor in Linguas, Lond. 1617; [64], [73], [171]
DUMMERS, a letter founder, [345]; Samaritan type cut for Caslon, [70], [241], [345]
Dürer (A.) on the shape of letters, [32], [183]
Dutch Founders, notices of, [113], [213]–217; type of, in England, [46], [51], [61], [80], [114], [210], [233]; in Scotland, [257], [238]; cessation of trade with, [237], [249]
Duverger (E.) on early type moulds, [23]
East (T.) Music type of, [77]
East India Company, types cut for, [318], [319], [339]
Elementa Linguæ Persicæ, Lond. 1649; [66]
Elstob (Eliz.) Saxon works of, [74], [157]; account of her, [157], [158]: her Saxon Grammar, [157], [158]
Elzevirs, types of: Greek, [264]; Hebrew, [64]; Orientals, [66], [141]; Roman, [44], [263]
Emerald, an English type body, [34]
English, an English type body, [32], [33], [37]; a name for Black Letter, [37], [53]
English Two-line, an English type body, [36]
English-Saxon Homily on St. Gregory’s Day, Lond. 1709; [74], [156]
Engrossing matrices; Cottrell, [56], [289], [290], [291], [292], [295]
Enschedés, Dutch letter founders, [215]; leaden matrices in their foundry, [15]; specimens of their old Italic, [52]; Gothic, [53]; Flamand, [54]; Civilité, [56]; Initials, [80]
Enschedé (J.) on wooden types, [6]
Erasmus at Cambridge, [141]
Erpenius, Oriental matrices and types of, [65], [69], [144]
Essai sur l’Education des Aveugles, Paris, 1786; [78]
Essay on the Original, Use and Excellency of Printing, Lond. 1752; [242]
Essay towards a Real Character, Lond. 1668; [191]
Essay on Melody of Speech, Lond. 1775; [323]
Estienne (H.) Greek types of, [58]; flowers, [82]
Estienne (P.) his compliment to Norton, [140]
Estienne (R.) type of, Greek (Royal), [58], [262]; Hebrew, [63]; Initials, [80]
Ethiopic, early founts at Rome, [69], [174]; Leyden, [69]; Frankfort, [69]; Amsterdam, [69]
——— Matrices: Oxford, [69], [151], [154], [155], [161]; Polyglot, [69], [173], [174], [177], [195]; Andrews, [198]; ‘Anon.’, [69], [207]; James, [228], [303]; Caslon, [69], [240], [247], [254]; Fry, [303], [309], [311]
——— Punches: James, [229]
Eton, Greek printing at, [60], [140]
Etruscan type at Rome, [72], Parma, [72]
——— Matrices: Caslon, [72], [239], [240], [247]
Eusebii Præparatio, Venice, 1470; [41]
Eusebius, Paris, 1544; [59]
Everingham (R.) printer in Irish, [189], [190]; works printed by his widow, [190]
Exposicio Simboli, Oxon. ‘1468’; [137], [138]
Exposition on St. John, Wesel? 1557; [45]
Facsimile types, the earliest, [200], [204]
Faques (W.) printer, trained at Rouen, [93], [103]; types of, [93]; used by De Worde, [94]
Fann Street Foundry, [294], [295], [313]
Farley (Abr.) Domesday type cut for, [320]
Fell (Jno.) his services to Oxford Press, [146], [150]; gift of matrices, &c., [148]; report on Oxford printing, [149]; his printing house, [150]; Moxon’s compliment to, [150], [183]
Fenner (W.) partner of Ged, [218], [219]
FENWICK (Jos.) founder, account of, [351]
——— Matrices:—Scriptorial, [351]
Fergusson’s proposal for regulating type bodies, [35], [357]
Fidelis Servi Responsio, Lond. 1573; [97]
FIFIELD (Alex.) founder, nominated, [130], [165]; account of, [166]
Fifteen O’s, Westminster, 1490; [82], [85]
FIGGINS (VINCENT) the First, apprentice and foreman to Jackson, [324], [335], [338]; fails to succeed to that foundry, [325], [335]; Nichols’ aid to, [335], [336]; his first foundry, [336], [341]; facsimile Romans cut by, [336], [337]; employed by Oxford Press, [338]; cuts type for the Record Commission, [339], [340]; for Bagster, [341]; various tributes to, [340], [342], [343].
——— Matrices:—Black, [340], [343]; Domesday, [339], [340], [343]; German Text, [340], [342], [343]; Greek, [338], [343]; Hebrew, [65], [341], [342], [343]; Irish, [76], [342], [343]; Persian, [339], [343]; Roman and Italic, [48], [336], [337], [340]; Saxon, [74], [343]; Syriac, [68], [342], [343]; Télegú, [339], [343]
FIGGINS (VINCENT) the Second, son of above, enters business, [343]; his anecdote of a punch-cutter, [338]; his facsimile of Caxton’s type, [87], [343]; body-standards in his foundry in 1841, [34]
FIGGINS (JAMES) the First, son of V. Figgins I, [343]
FIGGINS (JAMES) the Second, son of above, [343]
Filosofia, an Italian type body, [38]
Finance (Lettre de) a Script letter, [56]
Fischer (G.) on wooden types, [4]
Flamand, a Dutch Black-letter, [54]
Flemish school of typography, [102]
Flesher (Jas.) printer, [171], [178]; Arabic type of, [66]; Polyglot specimen of, [171]
Flesher (Miles) printer, Arabic type of, [66]
Flowers, early type-, [82]; H. Estienne’s, [82]; Day’s, [98]
——— Matrices:—Oxford, [148]; Grover, [199]; James, [222], [303]; Caslon, [222], [240]; Cottrell, [290], [291], [292]; Thorne, [293], [295]; Fry, [303], [307]
Forme, (Lettre de) Black-letter, [36], [53], [87], [88]
FOUGT (H.) Founder of music type, [78], [350]; Specimen, [350]
——— Matrices:—Music, [350]
Foulis (R. and A.) Scotch printers, [261]; to Glasgow University, [261]; employ Wilson, [261]; their Glasgow Homer, [261], [262]; beautiful impressions of, [261]; the poet Gray’s tribute to, [263]
Foulis (Andrew), son of above Robert, [261]; his patent for stereotype, [230], [261]
Founts of early printers, size of, [26], [27]
Fournier, (P. S.), on wooden types, [5]; typographical points of, [35]; notes on English founders, [242], [290]; account of founding in France, [117]; his types; Coptic, [70]; Etruscan, [72]; Irish, [75], [191]; Music, [78]; Roman, [48]; Russian, [72]
FOX (BENJ.) partner in Fann Street Foundry, [296]
Fractur, a German Black-letter, [54]
France, first Gothic type in, [53]; Letter Founding in, [114], [116]; control of founders in, [129]; typographical superiority of, [124]
Francesco da Bologna, cut Aldine punches, [51]
Frankfort, Letter founding at, in 1568, [105], [106]
Franklin (Benj.), a journeyman in London, [218], [233], [235]; experiments in casting, [15]; letters to Baskerville, [280], [281]; starts foundry in America, [350]
Frères de la Vie Commune, Roman type of, [41], [42]
Froben (J.) his supposed acquaintance with Pynson, [91]; his types; Greek, [59]; Hebrew, [63]; Initials, [80]; Roman, [43]
Froschouer (Chr.) Roman type of, [43];
Froschouer (Jno.) Music type of, [76]
FRY (JOSEPH) begins a foundry in Bristol, [298]; imitates Baskerville’s Romans, [284], [299], [305], [310]; first specimens, [299]; removes to London, [299]; Bibles printed by, [301], [302]; his partners, [299], [300], [302]; adopts Caslon models, [284], [301], [305], [310]; purchases at James’ sale, [230], [302], [303]; quarrel with Caslon III, [249], [304]; retirement and death, [304], [305]
——— Matrices: Roman, [48], [284], [299], [300], [301], [310]
FRY (EDMUND) son and partner of above, [302]; philological talents, [302]; specimens, [305], [306], [307], [308], [313]; removes foundry to Type Street, [305]; his types used by Millar Ritchie, [306]; his Pantographia, [306], [307]; his partners, [306], [307], [308]; new Romans of, [307], [310]; dislike to ornamented type, [307] [310]; letter founder to the King, [307]; cuts Orientals for Cambridge, [308]; contents of foundry, [309]; retires, [310]; his Address to the Public, [310]; sells foundry to Thorowgood, [296], [313]
FRY (EDMUND) Matrices: Alexandrian Greek, [303], [304], [309], [311]; Amharic, [309], [311]; Arabic, [303], [309], [311]; Black, [303], [310], [311]; Blind, [78], [79], [308], [309]; Cast Ornaments, [306]; Ethiopic, [303], [309], [311]; Flowers, [303], [307]; German, [309], [312]; Greek, [303], [309], [311]; Guzerattee, [309], [311]; Hebrew, [303], [304], [309], [311]; Irish, [76], [303], [306], [309], [312]; Malabaric, [309], [311]; Music, [78], [310]; Roman, [303], [305], [306], [307], [310]; Russian, [72], [309], [312]; Samaritan, [70], [303], [309], [311]; Saxon, [74], [309], [312]; Script, [308], [312]; Syriac, [68], [303], [308], [310], [311], [342]
FRY (HENRY) brother and partner of above, [302]; becomes a printer, [306]
FRY (WINDOVER) son and partner of Edmund Fry, [308]
Fust and Schoeffer, music types of, [76]; Initials, [79], [80]
‘Fusus,’ use of word in colophons, [8]
Fyner (C.), Hebrew type of, [62]
Gaillarde, a French type-body, [39]
Galenus de Temperamentis, Camb. 1521; [141]
Gallicantus, Lond. 1498; [92]
Gallie (Jno.) manager to Wilson, [266]; partner with Dr. Marr, [266]
Game and Play of the Chesse (facs.), Lond. 1855; [87], [343]
Garamond (Cl.) mould of, [23]; Roman cut by, [44]; Greek, [58]
Garmond, a foreign type body, [39]
Ged (Wm.) inventor of Stereotype, [218], [219], [258]; misfortunes and failure of, [219], [238]; Biographical Memoirs of, [219]
Gem, an English type body, [356]
Gering, first Paris printer, Greek type of, [58]; Roman, [43]
German matrices: Caslon, [254]; Thorne, [295]; Thorowgood, [296]; Fry, [309], [312]
German-Text matrices: Figgins, [340], [342], [343]
Geschreven Schrift, a German Script, [56]
‘Getté en molle’, signification of, [13], [14]
Glasgow University; fine printing at, [261]
Glosa, a class of type, [32]
Glosilla, a Spanish type body, [32], [39]
Goes (H.) York printer, used De Worde’s types, [89]
Golden Legend, Westminster, n. d.; [88]
Goldsmith and Parnell, Lond. 1795; [331]
GORING (THOS.) letter-founder, [193]; nominated [133], [193]; notice of, [166]
Gothic letter, origin of, [53]; Petrarch’s aversion to, [53]; Prevost’s eulogy of, [53]
Gothic language; types of at Amsterdam, [73]
——— Matrices: Oxford, [73], [150], [151], [155], [161]; ‘Anon.’, [207]; James, [73], [225], [228]; Caslon, [73], [239], [240], [248], [254]
Gough (Jno.) his anecdotes of Jackson, [321], [323]; of Ilive, [348]
Gourmont (G. de) Greek type of, [58]; Hebrew, [62], [63]
Graff (Baltus de), partner of Cottrell, [288]
Grafton (Rd.) Bible printed by, [124]; Music type of, [77]; Dibdin’s tribute to, [101]
Grammar of the Bengal Language, Hoogly, 1778; [318]
Grammar of the Sanskrita Language, Lond. 1808; [319]
Granjon (N.) French, letter-cutter, Greek types of, [59]; Music, [77]; “Civilité”, [56]
Gray’s Poems, Glasgow, 1768; [263]: Parma, 1793; [251]
Great Charter, Oxford, 1759: [159]
Great Primer, an English type body, [33], [37], [86]
Greek: earliest, Schoeffer’s, [57]; early founts, Italy, [57], [58]; France, [58], [59], [60], [61]; Netherlands, [59], [61]; Spain, [59]; Germany, [60]; Switzerland, [59]; Lascaris “litteræ majusculæ,” [57]; French “Characteres Regii,” [59], [60], [61], [141], [262]
——— In England: De Worde’s, [60], [91]; Siberch’s, [60], [141]; Pynson’s, [60], [93]; Day’s, [98]; Wolfe’s, [60], [95]; Mierdman’s, [60]; Oxford, [60], [140], [141]; Eton, [60], [140], [145]; Royal founts, [60], [142], [144], [167], [201], [202]; borrowed by Cambridge from Oxford, [60], [141]; Dutch founts in England, [61]; Cambridge offers for Paris Greek, [61], [141]; large number of ligatures, [61]; minute sizes, [61], [62], [254]; fashions in, [61], [274]; Porson’s improvement in, [62], [342]
——— Matrices: Oxford, [61], [148], [160], [161], [273], [274]; Polyglot, [173], [174]; Andrews, [61], [195], [197]; Grover, [61], [198], [200]; Head, [206]; Mitchell, [206], [241]; “Anon.”, [207]: James, [195], [197], [213], [214], [217], [221], [223], [228], [303]; Caslon, [240], [241], [247], [254]; Wilson, [61], [261], [262], [263], [264], [265]; Baskerville, [61], [160], [273], [274]; Thorowgood, [296]; Fry, [303], [307], [309], [311]; Jackson, [61], [311], [317], [321], [322]; Caslon III, [326]; Martin, [61], [332]; Figgins, [338], [343]; Ilive, [347]
——— Punches: James, [229]
Greek, Alexandrian; see Alexandrian Greek
Grierson (G.) Irish printer, his patent, [260]; establishes letter-founding, [261]
Grierson (Boulter), son of above, his petition, [260]
GRISMAND (JOHN) Star Chamber founder, [130], [165]; notices of, [165], [166]
Gromors, Arabic types of, [65]
Gros Bâtarde, a French Secretary type, [55]; Colard Mansion’s, [55], [86], [87]
Gros Romain, a French type body, [37]
GROVER (JAS.) letter-founder, [166], [197]
GROVER (THOS.) son of above, letter-founder, [157], [166], [197]–205; Royal founts in his foundry, [197], [203]; Caslon offers for foundry, [205], [237]; disposal of it, [205]
——— Matrices: Alexandrian Greek, [198]–205; Arabic, [198]; Blacks, [197], [109], [225]; Cursives, [199]; Greek, [198]; Hebrew, [198]; Music, [77], [199]; Roman and Italic, [197], [198], [199]; Samaritan, [70], [198]; Saxon, [199]; Scriptorials, [199]; Signs, [199]; Syriac, [198], [241]
Gutenberg’s types, migrations of, [28]
Guzerattee matrices: Fry, [309], [311]
Hahn (Ul.) Roman type of, [41]; his Cicero, [38]; his St. Augustine, [37]
Halhed (N. B.) his Bengal Grammar, [318]; his account of C. Wilkins, [318]
Hanbey (Mr.) son-in-law of Caslon I, [246]
Hancock (C.) buys Hughes’ Music matrices, [363]
Handy (J.) a punch-cutter employed by Baskerville, [269], [353]
Hansard (T. C.) on type fashions, [48]; notices of founders from his Typographia, [251], [253], [254], [258], [264], [296], [309], [310], [312], [326], [328], [332], [336], [342], [343], [352], [355], [361], [364]
Hare (Bp.) transactions with Caslon, [238]
Harris (Messrs.) use Baskerville’s types, [286]
Hautin, Music type of, [77]
Haüy, Blind type of, [78]
Hawkins (Sir J.) his anecdote of Caslon, [245]
Hazard, Bath printer, notice of, [307]
HEAD (GODFREY) letter founder, [133], [166], [205]
——— Matrices: Black, [206]; Greek, [206]
HEAPHY, letter founder, [364]
Hebrew type, first use of, [62]; early founts in Italy, [62]; France, [62], [63]; Spain, [63]; Germany, [63]; Netherlands, [63], [64], [65]
——— in England: De Worde’s, [64], [91]; Day’s, [64], [98]; at Oxford, [64]; London, [64]
——— Matrices: Oxford, [64], [147], [148], [154], [160], [161]; Polyglot, [64], [171], [173], [174], [177], [194]; Andrews, [195]; Grover, [198]; James, [64], [65], [223], [227], [303]; Caslon, [65], [236], [238], [240], [246], [247], [254]; Wilson, [264], [265]; Fry, [303], [304], [309], [311]; Jackson, [317]; Caslon III, [326]; Figgins, [65], [341], [342], [343]; Thorowgood, [296]; Jalleson, [346]
Hebrew Dictionary, Louvain, 1520? [63]
Hebrew Grammar, Paris, 1508; [63]; Leipsic, 1520, [63]; Paris, 1520; [63]: Louvain, 1528; [63]
Height-to-paper of sand-cast types, [10]; of old Lyons types, [21]; of old Cologne types, [25]; varieties of at Oxford, [155]
Heilman, Gros Bâtarde type of, [55]
Henfrey (J.) type-casting machine of, [121]
Herbert (W.) his account of Caxton’s types, [84]; on early use of Roman and Italic, [91], [97]
Herodotus, Oxford, 1590; [60], [140]
Hibernian type, see Irish
Hickes’ Thesaurus, Oxon. 1703–5; [72], [73], [74], [150], [156]
——— Saxon Grammar, Oxon. 1711; [74]
History of England (Hume’s) Lond. 1806; [323], [336]
Hogarth and Baskerville’s types, [47]
Homeri Opera, Florence, 1488; [58]: Glasgow, 1756–58; [62], [261], [262]: Parma, 1808; [251]: Lond. 1831; [62], [254]
——— Batrachomyomachia, Venice, 1486; [58]: Paris, 1507; [58]
Hooght (Van der) Hebrew types of, [64]
Horæ (Greek), Louvain, 1516; [59]
Horatii Opera, Sedan, 1627; [46]: Glasgow, 1744; [261]: Birmingham, 1762; [277]
Horman (W.) his indenture with Pynson, [92]
Hostingue, a Rouen printer, [103]
HUGHES (HUGH) partner with Thorne, [294], [363]; starts a foundry, [363]; specimen, [363]; his music type, [363]
——— Matrices: music, [78], [363]
Hunte (Thos.) early Oxford printer, [137], [138]
Hutter, curious Hebrew type of, [63], [247]; his Polyglot Bible, [170]
Iberno-Celtic Society’s Transactions, Dublin, 1820; [190]
Iceland, early printing in, [73]
Icelandic matrices at Oxford, [73], [151], [155]
ILIVE (JACOB) letter founder, [346]–9; his eccentricities, [347], [348]; forged Book of Jasher, [348]; heads schism in Stationers’ Company, [348]; his foundry bought by James, [221], [347]
——— Matrices: Greek, [221], [347]; Roman, [347]
IMISSON, letter founder, [352]
Imprimerie Royale, Paris, establishment of, [58]; Greek type of, [58], [59], [60], [61]; Roman, [44], [48]
Initials of Mentz Psalter, [79]; early cutters of, [79], [80]; Caxton’s, [79]; Day’s, [98]; ‘Two-line letters,’ [80]; Pictorial, [80]; Dutch, [80]; Bible, [80]; Armorial, [80]; pierced, [81]; Oxford copperplate, [80], [159]; fashions in, [81]; Baskett’s ‘Silver initials,’ [107], [211]
Introductio ad Lectionem Ling. Oriental. London, 1655; [172]
Ireland, letter foundry in, [260], [265]; printing patent for, [260]; Scotch and English type supplied to, [260], [265]. Vernacular printing in, [75], [76], [186], [187], [188]
Irish type in Dublin, [75], [186], [187]; Antwerp, [75]; Louvain, [75], [188], [191]; Rome, [75], [191]; Paris, [75], [76], [191]; revival of Irish printing, [76], [191]
——— Matrices: Moxon, [75], [76], [155], [186], [189], [190], [194], [306]; Andrews, [194], [196]; James, [229], [303]; Fry, [229], [303], [306], [309], [312]; Figgins, [342], [343]
——— Punches: James, [229]
Iron, an ingredient in type metal, [21], [112]
Irregular type bodies, origin of, [33]
Isla (Lord) patron of Wilson, [258]
Italic, first cut by Aldus, [50]; early foreign founts, [51]; Van Dijk’s, [52]; various uses for, [52]
——— In England, fashions in, [52]; De Worde’s, [52], [91]; Day, [52], [96], [97], [98], [144], [176]; Vautrollier, [51], [98]; James, [214], [217]; Caslon, [52]; Baskerville, [275]
——— See also s.v. Roman and Italic
Italy, first Roman type in, [40]; first Gothic type in, [53]
JACKSON (JOS.) apprentice to Caslon I, [243], [288], [315]; first punch cut by, [315]; dismissed, [243], [288], [316]; partner with Cottrell, [288], [291], [316]; goes to sea, [289], [316]; starts a foundry, [291], [316]; first specimens, [316], [317]; Bowyer’s aid to [317], [323]; removes to Salisbury Square, [317]; makes a hollow square, [317]; his foundry, [317]; employed by Nichols, [320], [321]; Bensley, [323]; Oxford Press, [338]; fire of foundry, [324]; elegy on, [324]; death and tributes to, [324], [325]; portraits of, [288], [316], [325]
——— Matrices: Alexandrian Greek, [321]; Bengalee, [317]; Black, [317]; Codex-Bezæ Greek, [322]; Deva Nagari, [319]; Domesday, [74], [320], [321], [340]; Greek, [61], [311], [317], [323]; Hebrew, [317]; Music symbols, [323]; Persian, [317]; ‘Proscription’ letter, [317]; Roman, [48], [317], [323]; Script, [56], [317]
JALLESON, letter founder, [346]; his system of type bodies, [346]; Hebrew type, [346]
JAMES (THOS.) letter founder, [157], [212]–220; his family, [212]; apprentice to R. Andrews, [196], [212]; his letters from Holland, [113], [213]–17; his foundry, [217]; buys Greek of Grover, [195], [197]; rivalry with Caslon, [218], [220]; transactions with Ged, [218], [219]; second visit to Holland, [219]; decline of his business, [220]; buys Andrews’ foundry, [197], [211], [220]; death, [220]; advertisement by his widow, [220]
JAMES (THOS.) Matrices: Black, [214], [217]; Greek, [213], [214], [217]: Roman and Italic, [46], [213], [214], [217]
JAMES (JNO.) son and successor of above, [220]; buys half Mitchell’s foundry, [206], [221]; Ilive’s, [221], [347]; Grover’s, [205], [221]; his projected specimen, [222], [224]; dies, [222]; last of the Old English Founders, [221], [230]
——— Matrices and Punches: Anglo-Norman, [228]; Arabic, [67], [228], [229], [303]; Black, [91], [228]. [303]; Court Hand, [228], [303]; Ethiopic, [228], [229], [303]; Flowers, [229], [303]; Gothic, [73], [228]; Greek, [220], [228], [229], [303]; Hebrew, [65], [220], [227], [303]; Irish, [229], [303]; Runic, [72], [228]; Samaritan, [70], [227], [229], [303]; Saxon, [220], [228]; [229]; Scriptorial, [228], [303]; Secretary, [228]; Syriac, [228], [229], [241]
James (Dr. T.) first Bodleian Librarian, [212]
James (Elianor) aunt of Thos. James the founder, [212]
James (George) son of above, City Printer, [212]
James (Jno.) architect, brother of Thos. James the founder, [212]; partner with Ged, [218]
James’ Foundry acquired by Mores, [222]; arranged for sale, [223]; catalogue and specimen, [226]–30, [303]; matrices lost,[223], [227], [228]; punches lost, [229]; obsolete founts, [224], [225]; leaden matrices, [16], [228]; moulds, &c., [229], [230]; sale of, [230], [302]
Jannon, Sedan printer, Roman type of, [46], Greek, [61]
Jansson, Hebrew type of, [64], [65]
Jasher, Book of, Lond. 1751; [348]
Jason, Westminster (1477), [86]
Jenson, Greek type of, [58]; Roman, [41]
Jerome’s suggestion of mobile types, [3]
Joly, a Dutch type body, [40]
Journeyman founders, regulation of, [131], [133]
Jungfer, a German type body, [39]
Junius (Fr.) his gift to Oxford, [150], [151]; Dr. Nicholson’s note on, [151]; portrait of, [151]
Junius (Pat.) see Young (Pat.)
Jurisson, see Imisson
Justifying of matrices, [10], [111], [186]; a secret operation, [117]
Justinian, Mentz, 1468; [49]
Kehl, typographical establishment at, [285], [286]; Voltaire’s Works, printed at, [285], [286]; Works by Alfieri at, [286]
Kerning, a process in founding, [22], [111]
‘King’s House,’ Roman types, [197], [199], [203]
Kipling (T.) his facsimile of Codex Bezæ, [322]
Kirkpatrick (W.) Sanscrit type cut for, [319]
KNOWLES (G.) a partner of Ed. Fry, [307]
Koran, Venice, 1518; [65]
Laborde (Leon) on wooden types, [5]
Lackington (Jas.) bookseller, [325]
Lactantius, Subiaco, 1465; [40], [57]
La Lèpre morale, Cologne, 1476; [24]
Lambinet (P.) on early polytype printing, [12]
Lascaris Anthologia (in Greek Capitals), Florence, 1494; [57]: Greek Grammar, Milan, 1476; [57]
Last Judgment, Irish poem on, Dublin, 1571; [187]
Laud (Archbp.) his services to Oxford press, [142]–5, [166]; letter to, from King Charles I, [143]
Le Bé (G.) cuts punches for Plantin, [107]; his Arabic, [64]; Hebrew, [59]; Music, [77]
LEE (JOS.) letter founder, [166], [193]
Lee (Dr. S.) Orientals cut for by Dr. Fry, [308]
L’Estrange (R.) Surveyor of Imprimery, [132]
Le Tailleur, Rouen printer for Pynson, [92]
Letter-cutting by eye, not by rule, [184]
Letter Founders, one named in 1597, [128], [164]; regulations of, in 1622, [129], [164]; in 1637, [130]; in 1662, [132]; in 1674, [133]; in 1693, [134]; called to account, [133], [134], [193], [205]; petition and ‘Cause of Complaint’ of one, in 1637, [167]; To His Majesty, [178], [249], [296], [307], [329], [356]; limited number of, [118], [134]; Association of, [118], [250], [352], [353], [358]
Letter Founding of the first printers, [9], [12], [14], [18]; early secrecy of, [28]; spread of, [28]
——— In France: State control of, [129]; Thiboust’s account of, [114]; views of in Encyclopædia, [116]; Fournier’s account of, [117]
——— In Germany: at Frankfort, in 1568, [105]
——— In Netherlands: Plantin’s Foundry, [106]; James’ account of Dutch founders, [113], [213]–7
——— In England: came after printing, [84]; earliest record of, [93]; early practice of, [103]; curious cut in the Bagford MSS., [105]; divorce from printing, [164]; practised by Day, [96]; early unlicensed, [128]; the London Polyglot a land-mark of, [175]; Moxon’s account of, 1683, [107]–13, [183]–6; at Oxford, in 1695, [113]; custom of lending casters and matrices, [113], [216]; division of trades in, [114], [184]; trade jealousies in, [114], [118]; Universal Magazine, 1750, account in, [108], [116]; secret operations in, [117], [288], [315], [338]; rules of Thorne’s Foundry, 1806, [117], [294]; conservatism of, [118]; competition in, [118]; State-control of, [123]–136; liberty of, [134]; final emancipation of, [135]
Lettres Tourneures, initials, [79]
Lettres de Forme, [36], [53], [87], [88]
Lettou and Machlinia, types of, [89]
Leusden, simplified Greek types of, [61]
Lever-mould, introduced, [120]
Lexicon Heptaglotton, Lond. 1669; [176]
Liber de laudibus Mariæ, Cologne? 1478? [24]
Life of Jewell, Lond. 1573; [64], [98]
Ligatures in old founts, [10], [27], [41], [50], [224]
Liguarum XII AIphabeta, Paris, 1538; [67]
Linde (A. Van der) on the essence of typography, [2]; on ‘getté en molle,’ [13]
Literæ Florentes, initials, [79]
Littleton Tenures (Pynson’s), Lond. 1527; [93]; (Redman’s), Lond. n. d., [94]
LIVERMORE (MARTIN) partner to Henry Caslon II, [254]; retires from Chiswell Street, [255]
Logique d’Okam, 1488, contractions in, [51]
London Printer’s Lamentation, 1660: [127], [130], [165]
Long Primer, an English type-body, [32], [33], [38]
Long ſ, disappearance of, [52]
Louvain, Irish type at, [75], [188], [191]
Lübeck, leaden matrices at, [16]
Lucas (M.) printer of the ‘Wicked’ Bible, [142], [143]
Luce (L.) Roman type of, [40], [48]
Lucerna Fidelium, Rome, 1676; [75]
Luckombe (P.) his History of Printing, Lond. 1770; [246], [291], [301]
Ludolf, Ethiopic type used by, [69]
Ludolph’s Grammatica Russica, Oxon. 1696; [71]
LYNCH, letter founder, [358]
Lyndewode Constitutiones, Oxon. n.d.; [139]
Lyons, early printing at, [20]; fifteenth century types at, [20]; nicks used at, [120]
Lyons (Israel) Hebrew type cut for, [247]
McCuirtin’s Irish Dictionary, Paris, 1732; [75]
McCreery (J.) prints with Martin’s types, [333], his poem on The Press, [277], [333]
Machine for type casting, first, [122], [265]
Machlinia and Lettou, types of, [89]
McPHAIL, letter founder, [351]
Madden (J. P. A.) on 15th Century type, [24]; on the Wiedenbach typographers, [41]
Malabaric matrices:—Fry, [309], [311]
Mansion (Colard) Caxton’s master, [84], [85], [86], [87], Gros Bâtarde type of, [55], [86], [87]
Marcel (J. J.) his Oratio Dominica, [72], [76]; his Alphabet Irlandais, [76], [191]; Russian type of, [72]; Irish, [76]
Marprelate Tracts, types of, [127]
MARR (DR. J.) acquires part of Glasgow Foundry, [266]
Martens (Th.) Greek type of, [59]; Hebrew, [63]
Martin (Robert) agent and manager for Baskerville, [281], [330]; works printed by, [281]
MARTIN (WM.) brother to above, [330]; cuts punches in London, [330]; starts foundry, [330]; employed by Shakespeare Press, [331]–3; tributes to, [331], [332], [333]; supplies McCreery, [333]; foundry sold to Caslon, [254], [334]; Orientals of, [332]
——— Matrices:—Greek, [332]; Roman and Italic, [332], [333]
Mascall (W.) proposal to register founders, [134]
Mathematical signs in type, [98], [148], [191], [196], [199], [217], [342]
Matrices, early forms of, [14]; of lead, [14], [15], [16], [228]; of clay, [15]; of wood, [16], [121]; justification of, [16]; struck inverted, [204]; without sides, [208]; of steel, [312]; ‘Sanspareil,’ [327]
MATTHEWSON, letter founder in Edinburgh, [358]
Maynyal, Paris printer for Caxton, [91]
Mediaan, a Dutch type body, [38]
Meerman on sculpto-fusi types, [7]
Mentelin, Roman type of, [42]
Mentz, Sack of, [28]; school of typography of, [9]
Meres (Jno.) son-in-law of T. Grover, [205]
Metals used in type alloy, [19], [106], [112], [121]; softness of, in early types, [26]; Moxon’s directions for mixing, [112]
Meurs (Dr. Van) on ‘getté en molle,’ [13]
Mierdman, Greek types of, [60]
Miller (Peter) American printer, anecdote of, [17]
MILLER (WM.) manager for Wilson, [264], [355]; starts foundry, [355]; his early founts, [355]; employed by the Times, [356]; specimens, [355], [356]; partner and successors of, [356]
——— Matrices:—Roman and Italic, [355], [356]
MILNE & Co., founders, [266]
Milton (Jno.) Areopagitica, [130]; Works, Birmingham, 1758; [275]; Lond. 1794–7; [331]; Paradise Lost, Lond. 1796; [337], [338]
Minion, an English type body, [33], [39], [210]; a foreign body, [39]
Minsheu’s Ductor in Linguas, Lond. 1617; [64], [73], [171]
Missal, a German type body, [36]
Missal, printed at Lyons, 1485; [76]
MITCHELL (ROBT.) founder, [206]; partition of his foundry, [206], [221], [241]
——— Matrices; Black, [206], [241]; Greek, [206], [241]; Music, [78], [206], [241]; Roman and Italic, [206]; Signs, [206]
Mitchelson, first American founder, [350]
Mittel, a German type body, [37]
Model types for clay or sand moulds, [11]; as punches for lead or clay matrices, [15], [16]
Moderne, Italian name for Black letter, [43]
Molloy’s Lucerna Fidelium, Rome, 1676; [75]: Irish Grammar, Rome, 1677; [75]
Monasticon, Lond. 1655; [74]
MOORE (ISAAC) manager and partner of Fry and Pine, [299]; specimens of, [299]; inventions of, [300]; retires, [302]
Moreau, Script type of, [56]
Mores (Ed. Rowe) account of, [222]; possessor of James’ foundry, [222], [223]; his Dissertation, [222], [223]; account of early printers by, [84], [90], [92], [94]; of Miss Elstob, [157]; his correspondence as to her Saxon matrices, [158], [159]; his account of James’ foundry, [223]; strictures on Oxford specimen, [160]; allusion to Coster, [225]; prejudice against Caslon II; [244], [247]; against Baskerville, [274], [280]; notice of Fry’s specimen, [300]; as a compositor, [347]
Morton (Dr.) Domesday type cut for, [291], [320]
Moses Choronensis, Lond. 1736; [69], [239]
Motteroz (M.) ideal Roman letter of, [48]
Mould, see Type-mould
MOXON (JOS.) letter founder, [180]–192; specimen, [181]; a printer, [182]; his offices, [181], [182]; his Regulæ Trium Ordinum, [182]; his Mechanick Exercises, [107]–112, [183]–186; his standards of type bodies, [33], [34]; employed by Boyle, [189]
——— Matrices: Irish, [75], [76], [186]–191; Roman and Italic, [47], [181]
Musæus, Hero and Leander, Lond. 1797; [332]
Music; De Worde’s, [76],[91]; early printing abroad, [76], [77]; improvements in, [78]; Grafton’s, [77]; Day’s, [77], [98]; Vautrollier’s, [77]; East’s, [77]; ‘new-tyed note’, [77]; at Aberdeen, [77]
——— Matrices: Oxford, [77], [148], [161]; Walpergen, [77], [148], [153], [208]; Andrews, [77], [196]; Grover, [77], [199]; Mitchell, [78], [206], [241]; Caslon, [77], [241], [248]; Fry, [78], [310], [312]; Fougt, [78], [350]; Branston’s (stereo), [360]; Hughes, [78], [363]; Jackson’s symbols, [323]
Myllar (A.) Scotch printer, types of, [103]
Negus (S.) list of printers by, [346]
Neilson’s Irish Grammar, Dublin, 1808; [76], [191]
New Testament (Greek), Basle, 1516; [59]: Sedan, 1628; [61]: Cambridge, 1632; [60], [141]: Oxford, 1763; [61], [160], [273], [274]: Lond. 1786 (Codex Alex.); [321]
——— (Latin), Lond. 1574; [46], [51]
——— (Arabic), Lond. 1727; [67], [235]
——— (Coptic), Oxon. 1716; [70], [237]
——— (Ethiopic), Rome, 1548; [69]: Lond. 1826 (Gospels); [69]
——— (Irish), Dublin, 1602; [75], [187]; Lond. 1681; [75], [189]
——— (Russian), St. Petersburg, 1819–23; [72]
——— (Saxon), Lond. 1571 (Gospels), [95]
——— (Sclavonic), Ugrovallachia, 1512 (Gospels), [71]: Moscow, 1564 (Acts and Epistles), [71]
——— (Syriac), Paris, 1539; [67]: Vienna, 1555; [67]: Cothon, 1621; [67]: Hamburg, 1663; [67]: Lond. 1816; [68], [342]
——— (Tamulic), Tranquebar, 1714–19; [234]
NICHOLLS (ARTHUR) letter founder, nominated, [130], [165]; petition to Archbishop Laud, [166], [167]; ‘Cause of Complaint,’ [167]
NICHOLLS (NICHOLAS) son of above, letter founder, [166], [177]; his father’s account of, [168]; his petition to the king, [178]; his specimen, [178], [181]; letter founder to the king, [178]
NICHOLS, an Oxford letter founder, [148], [178]
Nichols (Jno.) his Anecdotes of Bowyer, [233]; Domesday, facsimile of, [320], [321]; assists Figgins, [335], [336]
Nicholson (W.) patent for type casting, [119], [327]
Nicks, origin of, [120]; early substitutes for, [22]
Nicol (Geo.) founder of the Shakespeare Press, [330]; employs W. Martin, [330]
Nicol (W.) son of above, succeeds to the Shakespeare Press, [330]
Nomenclator Syriacus, Rome, 1622; [67]
Nonpareil, an English type body, [32], [33], [39], [129]; a foreign body, [39]
Norfolk (Duke of) employs Jackson, [317]
Norton (J.) printer of the Eton Chrysostom, [60], [140]; distinctions conferred on, [140]
Nutt (Richd.) successor to Grover’s foundry, [203]
O’Brien’s Irish Dictionary, Paris, 1768; [75]
Ogilby (Jno.) Roman letter of, [47]
O’Hussey’s Irish Catechism, Antwerp, 1611; [75]: Rome; 1707, [75]
O’Kearney’s Irish Catechism, Dublin; 1571; [75], [187]
Oporinus, Greek type of, [59]
Opusculum Musices, Bologna, 1487; [76]
Oratio Dominica, Lond. 1700; [64], [66], [68], [69], [70], [71], [73], [74], [154], [177], [190]: Lond. 1713; [69], [155], [177], [190]: Amsterdam, 1715; [69], [71], [73], [74], [154], [236]: Paris, 1805; [72], [76]: Parma; 1806, [72]
Oratio in pace nuperrimâ, Lond. 1518; [44], [92]
Oratio trium linguarum, Lond. 1524; [51], [64], [66], [91]
Oriental Collections, Lond. 1797–1800; [339]
Ornamental type, introduced, [307], [310]
Ornaments, see Type ornaments
Orthographia Practica, Saragossa, 1548; [32], [183]
Orwin, Arabic type of, [64]
Ottley (W. Y.) on early clay moulds, [11]
Ouseley (Sir W.) Persian type cut for, [339]
Ovid’s Metamorphoses, Lond. 1819; [312]
Oxford University Press, first printing at [137]–9; types of the early press, [55], [137], [138]; Scolar’s press, [139]; revival of printing, [140]; early Greek founts, [60], [61], [140], [141], [145]; lends Greek type to Cambridge, [141]; Laud’s services to, [142]–5, [166]; charter in 1632, [142]; early Oriental types, [64], [66], [144]: Archi-typographus appointed, [146]; Fell’s services to, [146]–150; loyalty of, [146]; large purchases in 1672, [149]; Junius’ gift to, [150], [151]; fine printing at, [159]
——— Foundry established, [153]; state of, in 1665, [113]; matrices lost at, [151]; removed to Sheldonian Theatre, [153]; first specimen, [153]; types used in the Oratio Dominica, 1700, [154]; heights to paper in, [155]; removed to Clarendon Building, [156]; gift of Elstob Saxon to, [158], [159]; Greek cut for, by Baskerville, [160], [273], [274]; specimens, [160], [162]; types cut for, by Caslon, [160], [161], [246]; by Figgins, [338]; inventory of, in 1794, [161], [162]; relics at, [150], [159], [160], [162], [274]
——— Matrices: Amharic, [177]; Arabic, [66], [147], [148], [155], [161]; Armenian, [69], [148], [153], [161]; Coptic, [70], [147], [148], [149], [153], [155], [161]; Danish, [73], [151]; Ethiopic, [69], [151], [154], [155], [161], [177]; Gothic, [73], [151], [155], [161]; Greek, [148], [160], [161], [273], [274], [338]; Hebrew, [64], [147], [148], [154], [161]; Icelandic, [73], [151], [155]; Initials, [80]; Music, [77], [148], [153], [154], [161], [209]; Roman and Italic, [150], [152], [179]; Runic, [72], [151], [155], [161]; Russian, [71]; Samaritan, [70], [148], [154], [161]; Saxon, [74], [151], [161]; Sclavonic, [71], [148], [153], [155], [161]; Swedish, [73], [151]; Syriac, [68], [147], [148], [155], [161]
Pacioli (L.) on the shape of letters, [183]
Palmer (S.) his note on De Worde, [90]; his printing-house, [217]; History of Printing, [90], [235], [236]; projected account of letter-founding, [114]; discreditable conduct to Caslon, [235], [238]
Pantographia, Lond. 1799; [72], [76], [306], [307], [308]
Paradigmata de IV Linguis, Paris, 1596; [67]
Paragon, an English Type body, [33], [36], [86], [343]; a foreign body, [36]
Parker (Archp. M.) patron of Day, [95]; Saxon cut for, [95]; Roman and Italic for, [96], [97], [98]
Patents relating to letter-founding, [119]–122
Pater (Paulus) on wooden types, [4]
Paterson, the auctioneer, notice of, [230], [311]
Pauli de Middleburgo Epistola, Louvain, 1488; [63]
Pearl an English type body, [33], [40]
Peek (Jno.) type-casting machine of, [120]
Pentateuch (Polyglot) Constantinople, 1546; [170]
——— (Coptic) Lond. 1731; [70], [237]
——— (Irish) Lond. 1819 (Gen. and Exod.), [312]
Perforated wooden types, [4], [5]; sand-cast types, [10]; mould-cast types, [22], [25]
Perle, a French type body, [40]
Persian Matrices: Caslon, [254]; Jackson, [317]; Figgins, [339], [343]
Persian Moonshee, Lond. 1801; [339]
Petit, a French and German type body, [39]
Petit Romain, a French type body, [38]
Petrucci, music type of, [77]
Phalaridis Epistolæ, Oxon. 1485; [137], [138]
Philosophie, a French type body, [32], [38]
Pica, an English type body, [32], [33], [38]
Picas or Pies, of the early Church, [38], [87]
Pickering (W.) minute Greek used by, [62], [254]; book printed for, in Baskerville’s types, [286]
PINE (WM.) Bristol printer and founder; partner with Fry, [298]; his inventions, [300]; Bible printed by, [301]; retires from founding, [302]
Plantin (Chr.) his foundry, [106]; supposed silver type of, [106]; Types: Greek, [59]; Hebrew, [64]; Italic, [51]; Lettre de Civilité, [56]; Roman, [43]; Syriac, [67]
Plinii Secundi Epistolæ, Lond. 1790; [306]
Ploos van Amstel, Dutch founders, [215]
Polychronicon, Westminster, 1495; [76], [91]
Polyglot Bibles, account of, [169]
——— the London, see Bible (Polyglot) Lond. 1657
POLYGLOT FOUNDRY Matrices: Arabic, [66], [173], [177]; Black, [173], [177]; Ethiopic, [69], [173], [174], [177]; Greek, [173], [174]; Hebrew, [64], [173], [177]; Roman and Italic, [173], [176]; Samaritan, [70], [173], [174], [177]; Syriac, [68], [173], [174], [177], [241]
Polytype, supposed early system of, [12]; later attempts at, [122], [220]
Porson’s improvement in Greek letter, [62], [342]
Postel’s Arabic Grammar, Paris 1539–40, [65]; Syriac type used by, [67]
POUCHEE (L. J.) Letter Founder, starts a foundry, [361]; agent for Didot’s ‘polymatype,’ [121], [361]; specimen, [362]; abandons business, [362]; dispersion of his foundry, [362]
Practical Sermons (Irish) Lond. 1711; [190]
Press, The, a Poem; Liverpool, 1803; [277], [333]
Primer, an English type body, [32], [34]; derivation of, [37]
Primers of the Early Church, [37], [38]
Printing, invention of, [1]; degeneration of, in England, [44], [136], [232], [269]; comprehensiveness of the early trade of, [123]; statutes relating to, [124]–136; rise of fine printing, [269], [272]
Printers, their own founders, [88], [102], [103], [123], [125]; number of, in London, [126], [130], [132], [133], [134]
Prodromus Coptus, Rome, 1636; [67], [69], [236]
Propaganda Press, specimens, [66], [67], [69], [70]; Types of:—Arabic, [66]; Coptic, [69]; Ethiopic, [69]; Irish, [75], [191]; Samaritan, [70]; Sclavonic, [71]; Syriac, [67]
‘Proscription’ letter, Matrices:—Caslon, [248]; Cottrell, [291], [292], [317]; Thorne, [292], [293]; Jackson, [317]
Prosodia Rationalis, Lond. 1779; [323]
Psalmanazar (G.) anecdotes of Palmer by, [114], [238]
Psalms (Polyglot) Paris, 1513; [82]: Genoa, 1516; [63], [65], [170]: Cologne, 1518; [69], [170]
——— (Hebrew) Tübingen, 1512, (Septem pœnit.), [63]
——— (Heb. Lat.) Lond. 1736; [238], [239]
——— (Greek) Milan, 1481; [58]: Venice, 1486, [58]: Lond. 1812 (Cod. Alex.) [322]
——— (Latin) Mentz, 1457; [11], [13], [53]: Mentz, 1490; [76]
Psalms (Arabic) Rome, 1614; [66]: Lond. 1725; [67], [235]
——— (Armenian) Rome, 1565; [68]
——— (Ethiopic) Rome, 1513; [69]: Frankfort, 1701; [69]
——— (Saxon) Lond. 1640; [73]
——— (Sclavonic) Cracow, 1491; [71]
——— (Syriac-Lat.) Paris, 1625; [67]
Pump for type-casting machine, [119]
Punches, probable earliest, [14]; of copper, [15], [16]; of wood, [14], [15], [16]; small value put on, [113], [209], [225], [229]; defects of French, [116]; Barclay’s patent, [119]
Punch-cutting, account of, [108], [185]; a distinct trade in Holland, [114]; independent artists in England, [117], [338], [358], [360]; secrecy of [117], [243], [288], [315], [338]
Pynson (R.) servant to Caxton, [91]; correspondence with Rouen printers, [91], [92], [103]; types of, [91], [92], [93]; his Roman, the first in England, [37], [44], [92]; his indenture with Horman, [37], [92]; Greek types cast by, [93]; apology for, [93]
Quatremère, Coptic type used by, [70]
Quintilian’s suggestion of mobile types, [3]
‘Quousque tandem,’ formula for type specimens, [49], [52]
Rabbinical Hebrew, Matrices:—Andrews, [194], [195]; James, [65], [227], [303]; Fry, [303]
Raphelengius, Arabic type of, [66], [145]
Ratdolt, initials of, [79]
Rasselas, Banbury, 1804; [119]
Rastell (W.) types of, [94]
Rastell’s Grete Abridgement, Lond. 1534; [94]
Readings on Jonah, Lond. 1579; [64], [98]
Record Commission, types cut for, [339], [340]
——— Reports, Lond. 1800–19; [339]: Edinburgh, 1811–16; [340]
‘Real Character,’ Moxon’s, cut for Wilkins, [191], [196], [310]
Recuyell of the Histories of Troye, Bruges, 1474; [86]
Redman (R.) Pynson’s quarrel with, [93]; types of, [94]
REED (CHARLES) partner in the Fann Street Foundry, [296]
Registration of founders, [133], [135]
Regulæ Trium Ordinum, Lond. 1676; [182], [185]
Reliques of Irish Poetry, Dublin, 1789; [191]
RICHARD (MR.) partner of Mr. Miller, [356]
RICHARD (J. M.) son of above, [356]; ‘Brilliant’ type of, [356]; ‘Gem’ type of [356]
RICHARD (W. M.) brother of above, [356]
RICHARDS (T.) a letter founder, [351]
Richardson (Rev. J.) Irish works of, [190]
Richardson (W.) Engrossing type cut for, [289], [290]
Ripoli Press, metals used in the foundry of, [19]; matrices bought by, [28]
Ritchie (Millar), fine printer, [306]
Robijn, a Dutch type body, [40], [52]
Roccha (Ang.) on early perforated types, [4]; his Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana, [65], [67], [68]
Rolij (or Rolu), Dutch letter cutter, [114], [215], [216]
Roman letter, origin of, [40]; early founts in Italy, [40], [41]; Germany, [42]; France, [43], [44]; Netherlands, [43], [44], [47]; Switzerland, [44]
Roman letter, in England: introduction of, [44], [91]; Pynson’s, [44]; [92]; De Worde’s, [91]; Redman’s, [94]; Day’s, [47], [96], [97], [98], [144]; Vautrollier’s, [46], [98]; degeneration of, [44], [232]; called ‘White letter,’ [91]; mixed with Black, [45], [97]; followed Dutch models, [46]; first Bible in, [46]; in Scotland, [46]; Roycroft’s, [47], [173], [176]; Ogilby’s, [47]; Field’s, [47]; Moxon’s rules for, [47], [182], [184], [185]; Caslon’s influence on, [47], [249], [284], [301], [303], [305]; narrow faces, [46]; Baskerville’s influence on, [47], [284], [299], [305], [332], [333]; French influence on, [48]; Bodoni’s influence on, [48], [331]; revolutions in, [48], [251], [253], [301], [328], [332], [340]; French obligations to, [48]; heavy faced, [48]; revival of the Old Face, [49]; Rusher’s improved, [119]; Motteroz ideal, [48]
——— and Italic matrices: Oxford, [148], [152]; Polyglot, [173], [176]; Moxon, [181]; Andrews, [195]; Grover, [198], [199]; Mitchell, [206]; ‘Anon,’ [207]; James, [213], [214], [217], [223]; Caslon, [47], [159], [235], [240], [247], [251], [252], [253]; Wilson, [48], [260], [263], [264], [265]; Baskerville, [47], [48], [263], [270], [271], [275], [276], [277], [279], [280], [284]; Cottrell, [48], [289], [290], [291], [292]; Fry, [48], [299], [300], [301], [303], [305], [306], [310]; Jackson, [48], [317], [323]; Figgins, [48], [336], [337], [340]; Thorne, [291], [293], [295]; Thorowgood, [295]; Martin, [332], [333]; Ilive, [347]; Stephenson (S. and C.), [353]; Miller, [355], [356]
Rood (Theo.) Oxford printer, [137], [138]
Rosart, music type of, [78]
Rouen, an early type market, [91], [93], [103]
Rowe (Sir T.) family of, [200]
Rowe (Eliz.) married H. Caslon, [200], [250]
Roxburghe Club, works printed for, [312], [334]
Royal Typography in England, proposal for a, [263]
Roycroft (Thos.) printer of the London Polyglot, [171], [172]; distinction conferred on, [176]; printing house of, [217]; fire of his office, [177]; epitaph, [176]; types used by, [47], [64], [66], [173]–177
Rubbing, a process in founding, [111], [116], [117]
Ruby, an English type body, [34]
Runic, early foreign founts of, [72]
——— Matrices: Oxford, [72], [150], [151], [155], [161]; James, [72], [225], [228]
Running Secretary, a French Cursiv, [56]
Rusher (Ph.) his improved types, [119]; his Rasselas, [119]
Russian type, chief foreign founts, [71], [72]; none in England in 1778; [72]
——— Matrices: Cottrell, [72], [291]; Fry, [72], [309], [312]; Thorowgood, [72], [296]
St. Alban’s, printing at, [89], [139]
St. Augustin, a French type body, [32], [37]
Sallust, Edinburgh, 1739; [219]
Samaritan type, chief founts abroad, [70], [174]
——— Matrices: Oxford, [70], [148], [154], [161]; Polyglot, [70], [173], [174], [177], [198]; Andrews, [70], [195]; Grover, [70], [198]; James, [70], [223], [225], [227], [303]; Caslon, [70], [240], [241], [247], [254]; Caslon III, [326]; Fry, [70], [303], [309], [311]; Dummers, [70], [241], [345]
——— Punches: James, [229] Sand moulds, early use of, [16]
Sanscrit matrices: Caslon, [254]; Jackson, [319]; Wilkins, [318], [319]
‘Sanspareil’ matrices invented, [327]
Savile (Sir H.) his Eton Chrysostom, [60], [140]
Saxon, early types of, in England, [73], [74]; in Amsterdam, [74]
——— Matrices: Day, [73], [95], [96]; Oxford, [74], [150], [151], [158], [161]; Andrews (for Elstob), [74], [156], [157], [158], [196], [289]; Grover, [199]; James, [223], [228]; Caslon, [74], [240], [248]; Caslon III, [326]; Wilson, [74], [264]; Fry, [74], [309], [312]; Figgins, [74], [343]
——— Punches: James, [229]
Schoeffer (P.) advertisement of, [28], [49]; his Lettre de Somme, [54]; Greek, [57]; Initials, [79]
Schoepflin on sculpto-fusi types, [7]
Schola Syriaca, Utrecht, 1672; [70], [174]
Scholar’s Instructor, Camb. 1735; [247]
Sclavonic, various founts abroad, [71]
——— Matrices: Oxford, [71], [148], [153], [155], [161]
——— modern: see Russian
Scolar (J.) early Oxford printer, [139]
Scoloker, Ipswich printer, device of, [106]
Scotland, first types in, [103]; early use of Dutch types in, [46], [257], [258]; condition of printing in, before 1720, [257]; no foundry in 1725, [218], [257], [258]
Script type, origin of, [56], [204]; Dutch, [56]; French and German, [56]; Moreau’s, [56]; Didot’s, [56], [120], [308], [312]; Dawks’, [173]
——— Matrices: Caslon, [249]; Cottrell, [56], [290], [292]; Fry, [308], [312]; Jackson, [56], [317]; Thorne, [293], [294], [295]
Scriptorial matrices: Grover, [199], [204]; James, [228], [303]; Fry, [303]; Fenwick, [351]
‘Sculpto-fusi’ types, theory of, [7], [8]
‘Sculptus,’ use of the word in colophons, [7]
Secretary type, early, at Paris, [55]; Rouen, [55], [92]; Caxton’s, [55], [86], [87], [88]; Berthelet’s, [94], [95]; variations of, [55]; disappearance, [55], [94], [95]
Secretary matrices: Andrews, [196]; Grover, [199]; James, [228]
Sedan, small Roman type at, [40], [46]; small Greek, [61], [254]
Sedan, a French type body, [35]
Seldeni Opera Omnia, Lond. 1726; [236]
Semi-Nonpareil, a French type body, [40]
Set-Court, see Court Hand
Setting-up, an operation in founding, [111], [114], [116], [117]
Shakespeare, Lond. 1792–1802; [330], [331]
Shakespeare Press, established, [331]; works issued by, [331]–3
Sheldonian Theatre, Oxford, [153]
Shewell (Mr.) son-in-law of Caslon I, [246]
Siberch (Jno.) first Cambridge printer, [141]; Greek types of, [60], [141]
Signs cut by Moxon, [191]
Silver, alleged use of for type metal, [40], [106], [140]
SIMMONS, a letter founder, [364]
SINCLAIR (DUNCAN) manager for Wilson, [266]; starts a foundry in Edinburgh, [266]
SINCLAIR (JNO.) son of above; manager for Wilson, [265]; joins his father, [266]
Skeen (W.) on wooden types, [6]; on sculpto-fusi types, [8]; on ‘getté en molle,’ [14]
SKINNER, a letter founder, [345]
Small Pica, an English type-body, [33], [38]
Smart (W.) purchased Baskerville remainders, [281]
Smith (Jno.) his tribute to Caslon, [243]; body-standards given by, [34]
Smith, (Dr. T.) his tribute to Laud, [145]; note by, on the Alexandrian Codex, [201], [203]
Smith (T. W.) manager to H. W. Caslon, [255]
Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, notice of, [234]; their press at Tranquebar, [234]; their Arabic Psalms and Testament, [235]
Somme, Lettre de, [54]
Soncino, Hebrew type at, [62]
Sophologium (Wiedenbach? 1465?) [42]
Sower (Chr.) early American founder, [350]
Spaces, early contrivances for, [21]
Specimens, see Type-specimens
Specklin on wooden types, [4]
Speculum, not printed with wood type, [4], [5], [6]; nor with sculpto-fusi types, [6]; possible sand-cast types of, [10]; curious ‘turn’ in [10]; possible clay-cast types of, [11]; quantity of types and contractions in, [27]
Star Chamber; case of Day v. Ward, [124]; decrees affecting printers and founders, [126], [130], [167]; abolished, [131]
Starr (E.) Type-casting machine of, [122]
Statham’s Abridgments, Rouen, n.d., [92]
Stationers, early brotherhood of, [124]
Stationers’ Company, incorporation of, [124]; powers against printers, [127], [128], [129]; minutes relating to founders, [128], [129], [133], [134], [164], [165], [193]; schism in, [348]
Statutes affecting printers and founders, [124], [130], [131], [132], [133], [134]
STEELE (ISAAC) partner of Edmund Fry, [306], [307]
STEPHENSON (S. and C.) London founders, [353]; first foundry, [353]; specimens, [353], [354]; punch-cutter for, [353], [359]; foundry sold, [354]
——— Matrices:—Roman and Italic, [353]; Ornaments, [353]
STEPHENSON (HENRY) Sheffield founder, [329]
Stereotype, early suggestion of, [13]; first attempts at, [218]; history of Ged’s invention, [218]; re-invention by Tilloch, [220], [261]; perfected by Wilson and Lord Stanhope, [220]; Didot’s method of, [220]
Strong (Mr.) married Mrs. H. Caslon, [252]
Strype’s note on Day, [98]; on early types, [97]
Subiaco, Roman type at, [40]; Greek, [57]
Swedish Matrices:—Oxford, [73], [151]
SWINNEY (MYLES) Birmingham founder, [269], [352]; specimen of, [352], [353]; poetical tribute to, [353]
Swynheim and Pannartz, Roman types of, [40], [41]; Greek, [57]
SYMPSON (BENJ.) the first recorded English letter-founder, [128], [164]
Syriac, chief founts abroad, [67]; printed in Hebrew, [67]; Usher’s attempt to procure types of, [67], [68]
——— Matrices: Oxford, [68], [147], [148], [155], [160], [161]; Polyglot, [68], [173], [174], [177], [198], [241]; Andrews, [195], [241]; Grover, [198], [241]; James, [228], [241]; Caslon, [160], [240], [241], [246], [247], [254]; Fry, [68], [303], [308], [309], [311], [342]; Caslon III, [326]; Figgins [68], [342], [343]; Watts, [68]
——— Punches:—James, [229]
Télegú matrices: Figgins, [339], [343]
Tertia, a German type body, [37]
Teste, a size of type, [32]
Testo, a Spanish type body, [32], [37]
Thiboust (C. L.) his account of French founding, [114], [115]; his Typographiæ Excellentia, [115]
Thomas (Isaiah) his Printing in America, [17]; note on the first American founders, [350]
Thomson (Jas.) his patent for type-casting, [12], [122]
Thomson’s Seasons, Parma, 1794: [251]: Lond. 1799: [336]
THORNE (ROBT.) apprentice and successor to Cottrell, [292]; removes to Barbican, [292]; and to Fann Street, [294]; regulations of his foundry, [117], [294]; specimens, [292], [293], [294]; new fashions of Roman, [293]; sale of his foundry, [295]
——— Matrices: Blacks, [295]; Engrossing, [295]; Flowers, [293], [295]; German, [295]; Ornamented, [295]; ‘Proscription,’ [292], [294]; Roman and Italic, [292], [293], [295]; Script, [293], [294], [295]; Shaded, [293], [295]
THOROWGOOD (WM.) purchases Thorne’s foundry, [295]; specimens, [295], [296]; purchases Dr. Fry’s foundry, [296], [313]; successors, [296]; standards of type bodies in 1841, [34]
——— Matrices: German, [296]; Greek, [296]; Hebrew, [296]; Roman and Italic, [295]; Russian, [72], [296]
Tilloch’s patent for stereotype, [220], [261]
Timmins (S.) Baskerville relics of, [268], [269], [271], [279]
Tonson (J.) buys type in Holland, [216], [217], [233]
Tory (Geof.) on shapes of types, [32], [53], [183]; his Champfleury, [32], [183]; Greek type of, [58]; Initials, [80]; Roman, [44]
Tractatus contra Judæos, Esslingen, 1475 [62]
Trafalgar, an English type body, [34]
Tranquebar, Scriptures printed at, 1714–19; [234]
Treatise of Love, Westminster, 1491 ?; [89]
Treatyse of Fysshynge with an Angle, Lond. 1827; [286]
Trithemius on the Invention of Printing, [7]
Turner’s Herbal, Lond. 1551; [60]
Turner, a dishonest Oxford printer, [145]
Two-line letters, early mention of, [32]; use of, [80], [129]
Twyn’s Tryal and Condemnation, Lond. 1664; [132]
Types, early; first suggestion of mobile, [3]; wooden, [3]; perforated, [4]; Wetter’s specimen of, [5]; Laborde’s specimen, [5]; ‘sculpto-fusi,’ [7]; sand-cast, [10]; clay-cast, [11]; irregularities in, [18]; 15th century types at Lyons, [20]–23; and at Cologne, [24]–26; ligatures and contractions, [22], [27]; quantities of, in founts, [26], [27]; one size only in a book, [126]; markets for, [20], [28], [90], [103]; trade in, [103], [123]; early control over, [126]
Type-bodies, origin of, [31], [32]; names of early, [32]–40; irregular, [33]; standards of [33], [34]; attempts to regulate, [35], [357]; names of foreign, [35]
Type-casting, Moxon’s account of, [111]; machine for, origin of, [122]; patents for, [119]–22; early machines, [265], [356]
Type-ornaments, first at Subiaco, [82]; Aldus’, [82]; Caxton’s, [82]; H. Estienne’s, [82]; used in combination, [82]
Type patented, Rusher’s, [119]; Caslon III, [120], [327]
Type-mould, invention of, [9]; of sand, [10]; clay, [11], plaster, [15]; earliest adjustable, [14]; in four pieces, [17], [120]; peculiarities of early, [23], [105]; Garamond’s, [23]; Dutch, of brass, [113], [216]; ‘drags’ in [26]; Moxon’s description of, [108], [186]; abandonment of hand, [119]; lever introduced, [120], [186]
Type-specimens, English, [49], [50]; Dibdin on, [49]; Bodoni’s, [50], [251]
Type Street Foundry established, [305]
‘Typi tornatissimi,’ initials, [79]
Typographical Antiquities, Lond. 1749; [52], [242]
Typographiæ Excellentia, Carmen, Paris, 1718; [115]
Typography, essence of, [2]; and xylography, [2]; two early schools of, [9]; a mathematical science, [184]
Union-Pearl matrices: Grover, [199], [204]; James, [228], [303]; Fry, [303]
Universal Magazine, 1750: account of letter-founding in, [108], [116], [243], [288], [316]
Unterweissung der Messung, Nuremburg, 1525; [32], [183]
Usher’s attempt to procure Oriental types, [67], [69], [141]
Van Dijk (Chr.) Dutch letter cutter, [114], [215]; Moxon’s praise of, [182], [184]; Roman letter of, [40], [44], [47], [182], [184]; Italic, [52]; Black, [47]
Vatican Press, Oriental types of, [65], [67], [69]
Vautrollier (Th.) Roman type of, [46], [98]; Italic, [51]; Music, [77]
Virgil, Paris, 1648; [56]: Lond. (Ogilby’s) [47]: Florence, 1741; [204]: Birmingham, 1757; [272], [273]
Vitré, French printer, Arabic types of, [66]; Samaritan, [70]; Syriac, [67]
Vizitelly, Branston and Co.’s cast ornaments, [360]
Vocabularia, St. Petersburg, 1786–9; [72]
Vocabulary (Arabic), Granada, 1505; [65]
Vocabulary, Persian, Arabic and English, Lond. 1785; [319]
Voltaire, Œuvres de, Kehl, 1784–9; [286]
Voskens (Dirk) Dutch founder, [114], [215], [216], [290]
——— Matrices of: Coptic, [70]; Runic, [72]; Russian, [71]; Samaritan, [70]; Saxon, [74]; Sclavonic, [71]
Wages in Caslon’s foundry, dispute concerning in, 1757; [243]: in Thorne’s foundry, 1806; [118]
Waldegrave (R.) a disorderly printer, [127]
WALPERGEN (P.) Oxford founder, [149], [207]; book printed by, at Batavia, [207]; his Music type, [77], [148], [153], [162], [208], [209]; inventory of his chattels, [209]; small value of his punches, [209]
Walpole (Horace) Baskerville’s letter to, [278]
Walsingham, Historia Brevis, Lond. 1574; [95], [96]
Walton (Brian) editor of the London Polyglot, [170]; his Proposals and Specimen, [170]; his Introductio ad lectionem, [172]; timeservice of, [175]; rewards to, [176]; note by, on the Alexandrian Codex facsimile, [201]
Wanley (Humphrey) designs Saxon letter for Miss Elstob, [157]
Ward (Roger) a disorderly printer, [125], [127]
Watson (Jas.) Scotch printer, [257]; his History of Printing, [257]; Specimen, [46], [49], [258]; his Dutch Initials, [80], [258]
WATTS (RICHARD) Cambridge University printer, [362]; printer and founder in London, [362]; Oriental types of, [363]; specimen by his successors, [363]
——— Matrices: Syriac, [68]
Watts (Jno.) printer, assists Caslon, [233], [234]; Franklin his apprentice, [233], [235]
Wechels, Frankfort printers, Greek types of, [58], [60], [140]; Hebrew, [63]
Wertheimer (Jno.) Hebrew type cut for, [264]
Weston, see Wetstein
Westfalia (Jno. de) Roman type of, [43]
Wetstein, Dutch founders, [346], [349]; Greek types of, [61]
Wetter’s unhistorical wooden types, [5]
White (Elihu) type-casting machine of, [120]
White (Thos.) printer, uses Baskerville’s types, [286]
‘White letter,’ a name for Roman, [91]
Whittaker (Jno.) Caxtonian restorations by, [344]
Whittingham (C.) printer, revives the Old Style Roman, [255]
Whitintoni Grammatices, Lond. 1519; [60], [91]: De heteroclytis nominibus, Lond. 1523; [91]: Lucubrationes, Lond. 1527; [91]
Wiedenbach, typographical school at, [41], [42]; Roman type at, [42]
Wilkins (Dr. C.) Librarian to East India Company, [318]; typographical achievements of, [318], [319]; Bengal type cut by, [319]; Deva Nagari cut by, [319], [320]; fire at his office, [319]; Sanscrit cut for, [254]
Wilkins (Dr. D.) notice of, [236]; Coptic works of, [236]
Wilkins (Dr. Jno.) Philosophical or Real character of, [191], [196], [310]
WILSON (ALEX.) the First; begins as a doctor’s assistant in London, [258]; patronised by Lord Isla, [258]; starts a foundry, [259]; his partner Baine, [259], [260]; attempts new method of founding, [259]; earliest founts of, [260]; settles at St. Andrew’s, [260]; Irish and foreign business, [260], [264]; removes to Camlachie, [260]; casts types for the Foulis, [261]; the Glasgow Homer Greek type, [262]; retires, [262]; tributes to, [262], [263]; specimens, [263]; foundry removed to Glasgow, [263]
——— Matrices: Black, [264]; Greek, [61], [261], [262], [264], [265]; Hebrew, [261], [265]; Roman and Italic, [48], [260], [263], [264], [265]; Saxon, [74], [264]
WILSON (ANDREW) son of above; assists and succeeds his father, [264]; state of the foundry in 1825; [264]
——— Matrices: Greek, [264]; Roman, [264], [355]
WILSON (ALEX.) the Second, son of above, joins his father, [264]; succeeds to the foundry, [264]; establishes branches at Edinburgh, [264], London, [265], and Two Waters, [265]; type casting machine of, [122], [265]; fails in business, [265]; sells foundry, [265]; joins Mr. Caslon, [255], [265]
WILSON (PATRICK) brother and partner of above, [264]
Wilson Foundry, type standards in 1841; [34]: division and dispersion of, [255], [265]
Woide (Dr.) his facsimile of the Alexandrian Codex, [311], [321]
Wolfe (Jno.) disorderly City printer, [125]
Wolfe (Rey.) types of, [95]; Greek of, [60]
Wolsey (Cardinal) his influence on printing, [139]
Women, employment of, in foundries, [117]
WOOD AND SHARWOODS, founders, successors to Austin, [360]; Cast Ornaments of, [360]
Wooden types, the legend of, [3]–6; Specimens of at Oxford, [6]; used in England, [129]
Worde (Wynkyn de) account of, [89]–91; used Caxton’s types, [87], [89]; and Faques’, [94]; bought type abroad, [103]; employed a Paris printer, [91]; his own letter founder, [89], [90], [103]; types of: Arabic, [66], [91]; Black, [53], [89], [90], [91], [197], [199], [225], [239]; Greek, [60], [91]; Hebrew, [64], [91]; Italic, [51], [91]; Music, [76], [91]; Roman, [91]
WRIGHT (THOS.) Star Chamber Founder, [165], [166]; nominated, [130], [165]
Wyer (R.) types of, [94]
Xenophon’s Anabasis, Glasgow, 1783; [220]
Xylography, a distinct art from Typography, [6]; extinction of, [2]
Ycair on the shapes of letters, [32], [53]; his Orthographia Practica, [32], [53], [183]
York, early printing at, [89], [139]
Young (Patrick) Royal Librarian, [143], [167]; his Catena on Job, [98], [144], [176], [198], [201], [228]; his facsimile from the Alexandrian Codex, [201], [321]
Zainer (Gunther) Roman type of, [42]
Zell (Ulric) his narrative of the invention of printing, 1
