FOOTNOTES
[1] W. Warde Fowler, Religious Experience, chap. XV.
[2] Athenaeus xii. 68.
[3] Patria, iii. 260; iv. 970; i. 41. See the introduction of Merrill’s excellent edition of Lucretius, pp. 13-14.
[4] Marx was of course in error in stating that the name Carus implied humble ancestry. See “The Name T. Lucretius Carus,” in Studies in Honor of Hermann Collitz (1930); p. 63.
[5] See Class. Phil. XIV, 286.
[6] Dr. Osler’s Presidential Address to the Classical Association (England), 1918-19.
[7] Lucr. v. 17.
[8] Lucr. ii. 1168; v. 800, on the decay of agriculture. Most of the magnificent early tombs excavated during the last century were found already rifled; some of these had evidently been found by the Romans and must have yielded wares as rich as those of the Regolini-Galassi tomb.
[9] v. 332 ff. (tr. Munro).
[10] Seneca, Epist. Mor., 64. 7; 104. 16; Quaest. Nat. 1 pref., vii. 25-31.
[11] Philodemus, περὶ σημείων, ed. Gomperz, 1865, with additional readings from the papyrus by Philippson in Rhein, Mus. (1909). See Weltring, Das σημεῖον in der Aristotelischen, Stoischen und Epikureischen Philosophie (Bonn, 1910). Philodemus anticipated some of the difficulties that later troubled Mill, noticing that in some inductive problems a single observation provided valid conclusions, whereas in others very many were required (Gomperz, 19, 13); he knew that many fallacies were due to the use of insufficient instances (Gomp. 30, 2; 35, 15), that it was well not only to observe nature but to conduct systematic research and to employ the observations of others (Philippson, loc. cit., 13), that the observer must choose essential similarities in using the mode of “agreement” and must exclude conclusions as soon as a refuting instance appeared (Gomp. 13, 1; 17, 30; 20, 32), and he emphasized the need of employing the principle of difference (Gomp. 18, 15; Phil. p. 28). This treatise which probably draws lavishly on Zeno, has not yet been fully restored, and being a defense against Stoic attack it is not to be considered a formal and complete exposition of inductive logic. But in germ it contains most of the essential observations of J. S. Mill.
[12] Trans. W. E. Leonard.
[13] iii. 290 ff.
[14] ii. 23; iii. 57; v. 1105.