Gouverneur Morris

by Theodore Roosevelt

FOOTNOTES:

[1] The habit of constantly importing indentured Irish servants, as well as German laborers, under contract, prevailed throughout the colonies; and the number of men thus imported was quite sufficient to form a considerable element in the population, and to add a new, although perhaps not very valuable, strain to our already mixed blood. In taking up at random the file of the New York Gazette for 1766, we find among the advertisements many offering rewards for runaway servants; such as "three pounds for the runaway servant Conner O'Rourke," "ten pounds for the runaway Irish servant, Philip Maginnis," "five pounds apiece for certain runaway German miners—Bruderlein, Baum, Ostmann, etc.—imported under contract;" all this mixed in with advertisements of rewards of about the same money value for "the mulatto man named Tom," or the "negroes Nero and Pompey." Still, in speaking of the revolutionary armies, the word "Irish" must almost always be understood as meaning Presbyterian Irish; the Catholic Irish had but little hand in the war, and that little was limited to furnishing soldiers to some of the British regiments. The Presbyterian Irish, however, in the revolutionary armies, played a part as manful and valiant as, and even more important than, that taken by the Catholic Irish soldiers who served so bravely during the great contest between the North and South. The few free Catholic Irish already in America in 1776 were for the most part heartily loyal; but they were not numerous enough to be of the least consequence.

[2] The italics are mine.

[3] As, for instance, in a letter to David R. Ogden, April 5, 1813.

[4] People sometimes forget that Burr was as willing to try sedition in the East as in the West.

[INDEX.]

Adams, John, [52];
appointed commissioner, [119];
repudiates command of Congress, [120];
share in most important treaty, [124];
absent from National Convention, [133];
nominated for the Presidency, [328];
signs judiciary bill, [331];
appoints new judges, [332].
Adams, Samuel, [77], [79], [128].
Allen, Ethan, [46].
America, successful, [117], [118], [131], [132], [144].
American army, suffering of, [76], [77];
commissioners, [119], [120], [121], [123], [124];
Constitutional Convention, delegates in, [133];
contrasted with States General of France, [134], [135], [136];
independence, [122], [123];
leaders compared with European, [82], [83];
navy, [196], [291];
triumph, [123], [124].
Americans, in Revolutionary War, [5];
of 1776, compared with those of Civil War, [49], [50].
Ames, Fisher, [327].
Assembly, [33], [36], [37], [44].
Bank of North America, [103].
Bastile, the, [211], [225], [226].
Battle of Bennington, [69];
Brandywine, [75];
Princeton, [48];
Trenton, [48], [49];
Guilford Court House, [113].
Battles on soil of New York, [3], [4].
British allies, [49], [50], [68], [119];
war-ships, [43], [47].
Brunswick, Duke of, [284], [285].
Burgoyne, [49], [68], [72], [74], [78];
breach of faith with, [125].
Burke, Edmund, [39].
Burr, Aaron, [329], [330], [360];
and Jefferson Davis, [361].
Butler, [147], [157].
Calhoun, famous toast of, [354].
Canada, [45], [89], [90].
Carolinas, the, [8], [11], [30], [45], [50].
Carroll, [40].
Church of Rome, [65].
Churches, [9], [13], [16], [17], [18], [19].
Civil War, people in the, [49], [50].
Clermont-Tonnerre, Count de, [179], [203].
Clinton, George, [10];
chosen governor, [68], [327];
as a politician, [97], [128].
Clintons, the, [10], [20], [68].
Colonial contests, [3];
legislature, [20], [21], [33].
Colonies, [11].
Confederation, condition of, after the war, [126].
Congress. See [Continental];
see [Provincial].
Connecticut, [45], [46].
Constitution, its character, [136], [141], [142];
opposition to its adoption, [165], [167].
Continental Congress, the, [36];
dishonorable acts, [73], [78], [79], [80];
its condition at end of 1779, [99];
establishes four departments, [103];
instructions to commissioners, [119], [120].
Convention, New York, [59], [65];
national, [133]-[139].
Cornwallis, [114], [116].
Council of appointment, [64], [155];
of revisions, [64], [155];
of safety, [67], [68], [71].
Cruger, [14], [45].
Currency, condition of, [105];
table proposed, [107].
Dalrymple, General, [125].
Danton, [270], [287], [296].
Davis, Jefferson, [361].
D'Artois, Count (Charles X.), [217], [306].
Deane, Silas, [93].
Decimal system, [104], [107].
Declaration, of Independence, [47], [53];
of Rights, [178].
De Lanceys, [16], [21], [45].
D'Estaing, Count, [264].
De Flahaut, Madame, [204]-[207].
Democracy, [145].
Democrats, [137], [138].
Departments, [103].
De Staël, [203];
Madame, [179], [199];
vanity of, [200], [201];
want of delicacy, [202], [203];
her estimate of the Abbé Sieyès, [247];
grief for Lafayette, [317].
Disunion movements, [358], [359], [360].
Dollar, the Spanish, [106], [107].
Dumouriez, [269]-[272].
Dutch, descendants of, [9];
language, [13];
republicans, [17];
battle with English, [115];
in war with Spain, [132].
Ellsworth, Oliver, [160].
England, treatment of her American subjects, [4], [5];
grounds of complaint, [5];
courage, [116];
insolence, [323].
English, stock, people of, [5], [126];
language, [12], [13];
historians, [117];
hostile feeling, [228], [229];
society, [230], [231];
climate, [342].
Episcopalians, [13], [16], [18], [21], [60].
Esterhazy, [311], [312].
Extremists, [20].
Federalism, [138], [322], [323].
Federalist party, leaders of, [92], [137], [138].
Federalists, [141], [156], [321], [323], [331], [334], [335].
Foreign or non-English elements, [11], [12], [13], [34].
Foreigners, movement against, [157].
Fox, [123], [233], [236].
France, treaty with, [88];
would have Americans dependent allies, [121], [122], [123];
contrasted with America, [184];
destitute of statesmen, [241].
Franklin appointed commissioner, [119], [120], [124];
delegate to National Convention, [133];
advocate of weak central government, [137].
French, motives, [89], [90];
struggles with England, [115];
navy, [116];
admirals, [117];
government, [121];
character, [186]-[189];
noblesse and common people, [212];
Revolution, [170]-[175], [244], [258]-[263].
Gates, [71], [72], [73], [74].
Generals, of Revolution, [52], [116];
in Civil War, [52].
Genet, [292].
George III., [8], [228], [231].
Georgia, [8], [11], [50], [160].
Gerard, [89], [90], [122].
German auxiliaries, [119].
Germany, [144], [145], [165].
Gibraltar, [115], [116], [122].
Government, [130], [131], [144], [145].
Governor, name obnoxious, [62], [63].
Gower, Lord, [276].
Great Britain and American subjects, [4], [6];
odds against, [115];
hostility to American trade, [128].
Greene, [45], [52], [86], [113], [115], [116], [117].
Hamilton, Alexander, [10], [52], [92], [102], [104], [111];
delegate to National Convention, [133];
advocate of strong government, [137], [138];
in favor of domestic manufactures, [156];
proposes basis of representation, [158];
assisted in writing the "Federalist," [166];
procures ratification of the Constitution, [167];
passing coolness with Morris, [320];
his haughtiness, [326];
defeat by Democrats, [329].
Hancock, John, [79].
Hartford Convention, [357].
Henry, Patrick, [128], [324].
Herkomer, [10].
Holland, [116].
Huguenots, [9], [10], [65].
Impressment of American sailors, [233], [234].
Independence, [55], [56], [88].
India, [115], [116].
Indian warfare, [3], [4], [8], [74].
Infidels, [289].
Irish, in New England, [12];
of 1776, [21];
in Revolutionary armies, [34];
in Civil War, [35].
Jackson, General, [349], [350].
Jay, John, admitted to the bar, [23];
in Continental Congress, [41], [42];
resolution indorsing Declaration of Independence, [58];
plan for state constitution, [62], [63];
article on toleration, [65];
would abolish slavery, [66], [67];
on committee to organize state government, [67];
defends Schuyler's cause, [72];
reinforcements for Gates, [73];
chief justice, [75];
wishes well to Old England, [92];
of Puritanic morality, [110];
friendship with Morris, [111];
minister to Spain, [111];
views on education of children, [111];
affection for America, [112];
commissioner, [119];
repudiates command of Congress, [120];
true policy summed up, [123];
his the chief part in treaty, [124];
secretary for foreign affairs, [133];
helps Hamilton on the "Federalist," [166];
a strong Federalist, [301], [326];
appointed to negotiate treaty in England, [301], [302], [327];
governor, [327], [328], [329];
visits to and from Morris, [340], [341].
Jefferson, [52], [104], [107], [108], [129], [131], [133];
important truth taught by him, [138];
American minister to France, [176], [177];
treatment of Morris, [292];
incompetence when President, [334], [335], [348].
Johnsons, the, [17], [38], [45].
Judiciary bill, [331]-[334].
King, Rufus, [252], [353].
King's College, [3], [18].
Lafayette, [85], [86], [117], [176], [177], [178], [180], [181], [184], [187];
his character, [221], [222], [273];
ideas impracticable, [240], [241];
proclaimed and imprisoned, [273], [274];
released, [317].
Lafayette, Madame de, [181], [274], [275].
Lake Champlain, [4], [68].
Lake George, [3].
Leaders, [52];
loyalist, [16], [45];
revolutionary, [16], [49].
Lecky, [117], [118].
Leeds, Duke of, [231], [233], [237].
Lincoln, [52], [133], [138].
Lineage, [10], [34].
Livingston, Robert, [10], [59];
on committee to organize state government, [67];
chancellor, [75];
secretary of foreign affairs, [103].
Livingstons, the, [21], [326].
Louis XVI., [216], [250], [254], [255], [256], [286].
Louis XVII., [307].
Louis Philippe, [317], [318].
Louisiana, [336], [337], [339].
Loyalists, [16], [29], [45], [119], [167].
Luzerne, [236].
Madison, [129];
delegate to National Convention, [133];
during formation of Constitution, [139], [140], [145], [150], [153], [162];
compliment to Morris, [165];
assists Hamilton in writing the "Federalist," [166];
as President, [348].
Manorial families, [14], [15], [19].
Marie Antoinette, [225], [288].
Marmontel, [247].
Marshall, [325].
Mason, George, [160].
Merchants, [15], [19], [21].
Militia, [69], [70], [72], [113], [114].
Mirabeau, [136], [174], [200], [222], [223].
Mississippi, [90], [91], [95], [112], [113], [148].
Money, [24], [37], [128].
Monroe, [293];
recalled and rebuked, [300];
a foolish minister, [301], [302].
Montmorin, Count de, [218], [249].
Moreau, General, [341], [342].
Morris, Gouverneur, birth, [1];
descent, [2];
boyhood, [3];
college career, [20], [22];
takes part in public affairs, [23], [24];
desire for foreign travel, [25];
narrow means, [26];
in society, [27];
little faith in extreme democracy, [30], [31];
dislike for mobs, [31], [32];
plans for reunion with Great Britain, [32], [33];

delegate to Provincial Congress, [35], [36];
report and speech, [37], [38];
objects to eighth article of report, [41];
at head of patriotic party, [46], [47], [53];
able speech in favor of new governments, [53]-[58];
member of committees, [59];
position in regard to the Tories, [60], [61];
formation of State Constitution, [62]-[67];
at Schuyler's headquarters, [68]-[71];
efforts in behalf of Schuyler, [72];
secures reinforcements for Gates, [73];
letters to Schuyler, [74], [75];
elected to Continental Congress, [76];
visits Valley Forge, [77];
a good financier, [78], [80], [86];
endeavors to secure approval of Washington's plans, [78], [79], [83], [85];
letter to Washington, [84];
friendship with Greene, [86];
report on Lord North's conciliatory bills, [88];
prepares "Observations on the American Revolution," [88];
drafts instructions to Franklin, [89];
reply to French minister, [91];
"Observations on the Finances of America," [91];
his loyalist relatives, [92], [93];
controversy with Thomas Paine, [93], [94];
drafts instructions to our foreign ministers, [94], [95];
dispute of New York with Vermont, [96], [97];
fails of reëlection, [98];
life in Philadelphia, [99];
publishes essays on the finances, [100], [101], [102];
assistant financier, [103];
founder of national coinage, [104], [105], [106], [107];
enjoyment in society, [108], [110];
serious injury, [109];
want of insight into the future, [112], [113];
foresees final success of Greene, [113];
letters to Jay, [118], [120], [127];
advocates a firmer Union, [129], [130];
in Constitutional Convention, [133], [139], [140];
has no regard for States-rights, [142]-[145];
jealousy of the West, [146], [147];
views on the suffrage, [149]-[153];
on the power of the President, [153], [154];
on the judiciary, [155];
on Congress, [156];
speeches on the slavery question, [158], [159];
a warm advocate of the Constitution, [166];
return to New York, [167];
acts in behalf of loyalists, [167];
residence in France, [169];
letters and diary, [170], [175], [176], [183];
hostile to spirit of French Revolution, [170]-[175];
at home in Parisian society, [176];
opinion of Jefferson, [177];
of Lafayette, [178], [181];
views on French politics, [183]-[186];
distrust of French character, [185], [186], [188], [189];
National Assembly, [190], [191];
a true republican and American, [193], [194];
minor services to Washington, [195];
correspondence with Paul Jones, [196];
life in Paris, [197], [198], [199];
opinion of Madame de Staël, [199]-[204];
intimacy with Madame de Flahaut, [204]-[207];
acquaintance with the Duchess of Orleans, [207]-[211], [245], [246];
literary life of the salon, [213]-[215];
judgment of his contemporaries, [216], [219]-[223];
of French people, [224];
advice to a certain painter, [226];
mission to British government, [227], [228];
English not congenial, [229], [230];
impatience at delay, [233];
interview with Pitt, [234];
is blamed for failure of negotiations, [236];
trip through Netherlands and up the Rhine, [237];
speculations of various kinds, [238], [239];
advice to Lafayette, [240]-[243], [260];
letter to Washington, [243]-[245];
fondness for the theatre, [247];
dislike to priesthood, [248], [249];
interest in home affairs, [250];
made minister to France, [252];
is advised by Washington, [252], [253];
plans for escape of the king and queen, [254], [255], [256];
his, a brilliant chapter in American diplomacy, [257], [258];
horror of the mob, [260], [261];
his house a place of refuge, [263], [264];
picture of the French, [265]-[268];
generosity to Lafayette family, [274], [275];
remains in Paris, [276], [277];
spirited conduct when harassed, [278], [279];
payment of American debt, [280], [281];
irritates the executive council, [281], [282];
French privateers, [283];
commentary on passing events, [283]-[291];
is recalled, [292], [293];
as foreign minister to be honored, [264], [294];
accurate forecast of events, [295];
clear views of French Revolution, [298];
journeys in Europe, [302];
no longer an impartial judge, [303];
estimate of Napoleon, [303], [304];
in Switzerland, [304];
in Great Britain, [305];
opinion of royalist refugees, [306], [307];
in Berlin, [308], [315];
in Vienna, [310]-[315];
dealings with Louis Philippe, [317], [318];
return to New York, [320];
elected to Senate, [328];
disapproves of Burr, [330];
opinion of Jefferson, [331];
speech in favor of occupying Louisiana, [337], [338];
fails of reëlection, [339];
leader in project of Erie canal, [339], [340];
life at Morrisania, [340];
marriage, [340];
formality, [341];
compares America and England, [342];
loses his satisfaction with the people and the government, and becomes soured, [345];
advocates northern secession, [347];
loses his loyalty to the nation, [352]-[359];
closing acts of his career unworthy of him, [352]-[355];
after the peace, [361];
gives sound and patriotic counsel, [362], [363];
death, [363];
character and services, [363], [364].
Morris, Robert, [102], [103], [133].
Morris, Staats Long, [15], [61], [167].
Morrisania, [1], [167], [340].
Morrises, the, [2].
Narbonne, Chevalier de, [202], [203].
National Union, [126], [140].
Nationalists, [141].
Necker, [199], [200], [218], [219], [220].
New England, [11], [161], [324];
Puritans, [5];
militia, [69];
members of Continental Congress, [71], [79], [80].
New Rochelle, [3].
New York city, [1];
society in, [26];
exposed positions, [43];
entered by Continental forces, [46];
left by peaceable citizens, [48];
held by British, [116].
New York colony, [1], [3];
battles in, [3], [4];
claim of liberty as a right, [6];
loyalty, [7], [8];
many nationalities, [9], [10];
churches, [9];
ethnic type, [11];
rivalries, [14];
government, [14];
three parties, [19];
in debt, [23];
not in full sympathy with the patriots, [35], [36];
soldiers in royal armies, [44];
famous Tory leaders, [45];
second Provincial Congress, [46];
third Provincial Congress, [47];
Declaration of Independence ratified, and State Constitution organized, [47];
adoption of the national Constitution, [165], [167].
New York State, [48];
party contests, [326].
New Yorkers, [13], [33], [96].
North Carolina, [165].
North, Lord, conciliatory bills of, [87].
Officers, in trade, [81];
foreign, [85];
French, in American Revolution, [264].
Oriskany, fight at, [10], [12], [72].
Orleans, Duchess of, [207], [208], [209], [245], [246].
Orleans, Duke of (Egalité), [207], [216], [275], [288].
Otis, Harrison Gray, [353].
Paine, Thomas, [93], [208], [289].
Paris, [266], [267];
factions in, [269];
changed, [270].
Paul Jones, [196].
Pennsylvania, [28], [157], [166], [324].
Philadelphia, [110].
Pinckney, [145], [326], [328], [329].
Pitt, [233], [234], [237].
Presbyterians, [14], [18], [21].
Prisoners, exchange of, [125].
Provincial Congress, [34], [35], [38], [39], [43], [46], [47], [53], [58].
Proviso regarding toleration, [66].
Prussia, [308], [309].
Quebec, [10];
bill, [41].
Queen's County, [44], [46].
Randolph, [292].
Representation of slave states, [157], [158], [164].
Republican party, [141].
Republicanism, extreme, [20].
Revolution, enemies in, [49], [68];
two sides of, [30];
officers of, [79];
men of, [81], [82];
influence of, compared with that of French, [298], [299].
Revolutionary armies compared with those in Civil War, [50], [51], [81].
Rhode Island, [126], [165], [189].
Riedesel, "America," [308];
General, [316].
Rodney, [116], [117].
Rohan, Cardinal de, [249].
Roman Catholics, [9], [39], [64], [65].
Royalist party, [19], [20].
Rumford, Count, [316].
Russia, [168].
Schuyler, Philip, [10], [68], [69], [71];
replaced by Gates, [71], [72], [73];
his noble behavior, [74].
Scott, General, [349].
Sherman, Roger, [71].
Sieyès, the Abbé, [136], [246].
Six Nations, [3].
Slavery, question of, [66], [67], [157]-[165].
Sons of Liberty, [31], [43].
South Carolina, [80], [145], [160], [325].
Southern States, [115], [147], [148], [158], [161], [162], [163].
Spain, [90], [91], [112], [115], [120], [121], [122], [123], [148].
Spanish-Americans, [131], [132].
St. Clair, General, [69].
St. Patrick's Day, [21].
Stamp Act, [4].
Stark, [69].
States General, [134], [184], [224].
Statesmen, [51], [52], [134].
Suffrage not an inborn or natural right, [149], [150], [157].
Taine, [183].
Talleyrand, [204], [221], [247], [277].
Tarleton, Colonel, [247].
Tessé, Comtesse de, [181], [182].
Toleration, [39], [64], [65], [66].
Tories, [35], [44], [50], [60], [61], [68], [92], [167].
Tory leaders, [45].
Treaty, [124];
obligations of, unfulfilled, [227], [228];
Jay's, [327].
Trio, great American, [133].
Tryon, royal governor, [44].
Valley Forge, [49], [76].
Vergennes, [121], [237].
Vermont, [70], [96], [98].
Virginia, [114], [160], [161], [165];
her statesmen and warriors, [325].
War of 1812, [148], [349], [350].
Warriors, [51], [52], [325].
Washington, [33], [44], [47], [48];
statesman, soldier, patriot, [52];
difficulties, [78], [79];
confidence in Morris, [83];
dislike to foreign officers, [85];
letter to Jay, [118];
delegate in National Convention, [133];
letter to Morris, [189], [190];
views with regard to French Revolution, [191], [192], [252], [292], [293];
a watch for, [195];
statue by Hudon, [196];
kind advice, [252], [253];
recalls Monroe, [300];
reply to letter of Morris, [306];
distrust of Jefferson, and Madison, [321].
West, the, [146], [147], [148].
Whig families, [20], [21].
White Plains, [53].
Wisdom of many worth more than wisdom of one, [136], [137].
Yorktown, [76], [116].

---

[American Statesmen.]

A Series of Biographies of Men famous in the Political History of the United States. Edited by John T. Morse, Jr. Each volume, 16mo, gilt top, $1.25; half morocco, $2.50.

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS. By John T. Morse, Jr.
ALEXANDER HAMILTON. By Henry Cabot Lodge.
JOHN C. CALHOUN. By Dr. H. Von Holst.
ANDREW JACKSON. By W. G. Sumner.
JOHN RANDOLPH. By Henry Adams.
JAMES MONROE. By D. C. Gilman.
THOMAS JEFFERSON. By John T. Morse, Jr.
DANIEL WEBSTER. By Henry Cabot Lodge.
ALBERT GALLATIN. By John Austin Stevens.
JAMES MADISON. By Sydney Howard Gay.
JOHN ADAMS. By John T. Morse, Jr.
JOHN MARSHALL. By Allan B. Magruder.
SAMUEL ADAMS. By James K. Hosmer.
THOMAS H. BENTON. By Theodore Roosevelt.
HENRY CLAY. By Carl Schurz. 2 vols.
PATRICK HENRY. By Moses Coit Tyler.
GOUVERNEUR MORRIS. By Theodore Roosevelt.
MARTIN VAN BUREN. By Edward M. Shepard.
GEORGE WASHINGTON. By Henry Cabot Lodge. 2 vols.
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. By John T. Morse, Jr.
JOHN JAY. By George Pellew.
LEWIS CASS. By Andrew C. McLaughlin.
Others to be announced hereafter.

---

[CRITICAL NOTICES.]

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS. That Mr. Morse's conclusions will in the main be those of posterity we have very little doubt, and he has set an admirable example to his coadjutors in respect of interesting narrative, just proportion, and judicial candor.—New York Evening Post.

HAMILTON. The biography of Mr. Lodge is calm and dignified throughout. He has the virtue—rare indeed among biographers—of impartiality. He has done his work with conscientious care, and the biography of Hamilton is a book which cannot have too many readers. It is more than a biography; it is a study in the science of government.—St. Paul Pioneer-Press.

CALHOUN. Nothing can exceed the skill with which the political career of the great South Carolinian is portrayed in these pages. The work is superior to any other number of the series thus far, and we do not think it can be surpassed by any of those that are to come. The whole discussion in relation to Calhoun's position is eminently philosophical and just.—The Dial (Chicago).

JACKSON. Professor Sumner has ... all in all, made the justest long estimate of Jackson that has had itself put between the covers of a book.—New York Times.

RANDOLPH. The book has been to me intensely interesting.... It is rich in new facts and side lights, and is worthy of its place in the already brilliant series of monographs on American Statesmen.—Prof. Moses Coit Tyler.

MONROE. In clearness of style, and in all points of literary workmanship, from cover to cover, the volume is well-nigh perfect. There are also a calmness of judgment, a correctness of taste, and an absence of partisanship which are too frequently wanting in biographies, and especially in political biographies.—American Literary Churchman (Baltimore).

JEFFERSON. The book is exceedingly interesting and readable. The attention of the reader is strongly seized at once, and he is carried along in spite of himself, sometimes protesting, sometimes doubting, yet unable to lay the book down.—Chicago Standard.

WEBSTER. It will be read by students of history; it will be invaluable as a work of reference; it will be an authority as regards matters of fact and criticism; it hits the keynote of Webster's durable and ever-growing fame; it is adequate, calm, impartial; it is admirable.—Philadelphia Press.

GALLATIN. It is one of the most carefully prepared of these very valuable volumes, ... abounding in information not so readily accessible as is that pertaining to men more often treated by the biographer.... The whole work covers a ground which the political student cannot afford to neglect.—Boston Correspondent Hartford Courant.

MADISON. The execution of the work deserves the highest praise. It is very readable, in a bright and vigorous style, and is marked by unity and consecutiveness of plan.—The Nation (New York).

JOHN ADAMS. A good piece of literary work.... It covers the ground thoroughly, and gives just the sort of simple and succinct account that is wanted.—Evening Post (New York).

MARSHALL. Well done, with simplicity, clearness, precision, and judgment, and in a spirit of moderation and equity. A valuable addition to the series.—New York Tribune.

SAMUEL ADAMS. Thoroughly appreciative and sympathetic, yet fair and critical.... This biography is a piece of good work—a clear and simple presentation of a noble man and pure patriot; it is written in a spirit of candor and humanity.—Worcester Spy.

BENTON. An interesting addition to our political literature, and will be of great service if it spread an admiration for that austere public morality which was one of the marked characteristics of its chief figure.—The Epoch (New York).

CLAY. We have in this life of Henry Clay a biography of one of the most distinguished of American statesmen, and a political history of the United States for the first half of the nineteenth century. In each of these important and difficult undertakings, Mr. Schurz has been eminently successful. Indeed, it is not too much to say that, for the period covered, we have no other book which equals or begins to equal this life of Henry Clay as an introduction to the study of American politics.—Political Science Quarterly (New York).

HENRY. Professor Tyler has not only made one of the best and most readable of American biographies; he may fairly be said to have reconstructed the life of Patrick Henry, and to have vindicated the memory of that great man from the unappreciative and injurious estimate which has been placed upon it.—New York Evening Post.

MORRIS. Mr. Roosevelt has produced an animated and intensely interesting biographical volume.... Mr. Roosevelt never loses sight of the picturesque background of politics, war-governments, and diplomacy.—Magazine of American History (New York).

VAN BUREN. No more generous, appreciative, or just biography, and no more interesting or philosophical piece of political history has appeared in this valuable series ... than this absorbing book.... To give any adequate idea of the personal interest of the book, or its intimate bearing on nearly the whole course of our political history would be equivalent to quoting the larger part of it.—Brooklyn Eagle.

WASHINGTON. Mr. Lodge has written an admirable biography, and one which cannot but confirm the American people in the prevailing estimate concerning the Father of his Country; but its deepest and most important significance appears to us to consist in its testimony to the exaltation and the uniqueness of a character whose like comes seldom to the world, and only in periods of great stress and crisis.—New York Tribune.

FRANKLIN. He has managed to condense the whole mass of matter gleaned from all sources into his volume without losing in a single sentence the freedom or lightness of his style or giving his book in any part the crowded look of an epitome. He has plenty of time and plenty of room for all he wishes to say, and says it in the very best and most interesting manner.—The Independent (New York).

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