INDEX

aa, [54], [67], [78], [104], [121], [124], [125], [129], [148], [174]
Abbot, [159]
Absaroka Range, [8]
Adak Harbor, [141]
Adams, C. E., [110]
Africa, [181], [182]
Agassiz, Alexander, [20], [25], [55], [65], [72], [164]
Agassiz Museum, [17], [19]
Aghileen Pinnacles, [140]
Agricultural Experiment Station, Kodiak, [138]
Agua cone, [81]
Akutan Island, [154]
Alaska, [30–31], [55], [72–75], [81], [82], [84], [110], [114], [117], [127], [137–145], [154], [169], [172], [173], [183]
— expeditions to, [55], [72–75], [84], [138]
Alaska Commercial Company, [141]
Albatross (ship), [170]
Aleutian arc, [82]
Aleutian eruptions, [169]
Aleutian Geographical Observatory, [142]
Aleutian Islands, [55], [75], [84], [110], [114], [127], [137–145], [154], [172], [173]
— expeditions to, [55], [72–75], [84], [138]
Aleutian trench, [31]
Alfaro, Anastasio, [79]
Algonkian, [28]
Allen, E. H., [12], [112], [115], [129]
Alps, the, [103], [116]
Alyea, Hubert, [5]
Amazon River, [82]
Amchitka Island, [141]
Amerada Company, [112]
American Journal of Science, [113]
American Museum, [56]
American Relief Committee, [63]
amphibian vehicles, [74], [138], [142–143], [168]
Anderson, C. A., [137]
Anderson, J., [111]
Anderson, Tempest, [xii], [65], [71], [76], [84]
Anderson, the cook, [8]
Andes, the, [78], [82], [116], [181]
Andrews, E. C., [112]
Angaha, [147–149]
Antigua, [157]
Appalachian basin, [50], [52]
Appalachian Mountains, [18], [46–49], [51–52], [116]
Archean granites, [8]
Arizona, [25–28]
arrowroot, [160]
Asama Volcano, [78], [107–108]
Asama-Bandai system, [108]
Ascutney Mountain, [7], [40], [53]
Asia, mountain ranges of, [117]
Aso Volcano, [108]
astronomy, [6], [30], [147–150], [172–173], [184–185]
Atka, [72], [75]
Atlantic Ocean, [53], [170]
— deeps of, [53]
Attu, [140–141]
Auckland, [109–110]
Audubon, J. J., [3], [4]
Australia, [132], [163]
— science congress in, [132]

Bad Lands of South Dakota, [23], [24], [37–38]
Baker, Ruth, [155], [168], [169]
Baker Island, [135–136]
Baldwin, R. G., [172]
Ballard, Stanley S., [173]
Ballou, Howard M., [91]
Bandai Volcano, [42–43], [45], [106–108], [110]
Barbados, [61–62], [158], [160]
Barnard, Mr. and Mrs., [159]
Barrios, [81]
Barton, G., [18]
Bartrum, J. A., [110]
Barus, Carl, [54]
bat, giant, [149]
Bay of Plenty, [110]
bear hunts, [72], [139–140], [143]
Beecher, C., [19]
Belcher, ...., [156]
Belize, [79]
Bellingham, Wash., [143–144]
Bergen, [12]
Bergson, H., [xii]
Bering Sea, [74], [140]
Berkshire Hills, [46]
Bermel, Colonel, [156]
Bermuda, [161]
Bernhardt, Sarah, [5]
Berry, Robert, [56]
Bethe, H. A., [185]
Big Horn expedition, [8]
Bingham, Hiram, [147]
Bird, Isabella, [91]
birds, [135], [141], [148–149]
— gannets, [135]
— goonies, [135]
— malau, [148–149]
— man-of-war, [135]
— murres, [141]
— terns, [135]
Birdseye, Claude H., [89], [111], [129–130]
Bishop Estate, [89]
Bishop Museum, [135]
Black Forest, [14]
Black Growler, [10]
Black Hills, [xii], [21], [22], [23–25], [28], [46–47], [78]
— surveys of (1898, 1899), [23–25]
Bloch, C. C., [168]
Blue Beard’s Castle, [157]
Blue Hill, Mass., [77]
Bluff, the, [134]
Bogoslof, [74], [75], [78], [110], [140–141]
— eruption of 1907, [75], [141]
Bohemia, [14]
Boiling Lake, [11]
boiling lake, [80]
boiling springs, [40], [42]
bombing of Mauna Loa, [153–154], [161]
Bonin Islands, [109]
Boscotrecase, [65–68]
Boshu Peninsula, [133]
Boston, [16–17], [19], [37], [43], [56], [77], [85], [91], [161]
— mapping of, [16–17]
Bottoms, the, [157]
Boulder Dam, [169]
Boutwell, John Mason, [21–22], [24]
Bowie, William, [112]
Boynton, H. C., [19], [168], [172]
Boyrie, W., [142]
Bradford, Alex, [138], [142]
Bradshaw Mountains, [25–28]
Brazil, [40]
Brigg, J. J., [65]
Brigham, W. T., [91], [164]
Bright Angel fault, [30]
Bristol Bay, [140]
Brock, R. W., [14]
Brontotherium, [24]
Brooklyn, [56]
Brooks, Alfred, [18]
Brown, E. W., [100]
Brown, William Garrott, [20]
Brun, Albert, [88], [92]
Brush, G. J., [21]
Bucher, W., [181]
Bund, Yokohama, [132]
Burkland, Albert, [89], [111], [129]

Cache Creek, [11]
California, [39], [89], [103], [110], [111–113], [114–116], [136–137], [154]
— University of, [89], [137]
— volcanoes, [136]
California Institute of Technology, [111]
Calumet and Hecla, copper company, [72]
Camiquin Island, [76]
Cambrian, [6], [9], [22], [23], [28]
— fossils, [22]
— shales and limestones, [23]
Cambridge, Mass., [164]
Campbell, Archibald, [163]
Canada, [6], [136], [182]
Canadian Rockies, [23]
Canary Islands, [131]
Canna (arrowroot), [160]
Canoe Bay, [142]
Cape Nome, [141]
Carib cones, [71]
Caribbean Sea, [79], [117], [157], [183]
— expeditions to, [55]
— islands of, [55–65], [67], [76], [108]
Carribee line, [66]
Carisso (ship), [150]
Carnegie, Andrew, [184]
Carnegie Institution, [78], [86], [90], [111], [112]
— Geophysical Laboratory of, [76], [86], [111]
Carnegie Palace, Costa Rica, [79]
Cartago earthquake of 1910, [78–84]
Cartago expedition, [84]
Cartwright, Bruce, [135]
Cascade Mountains, [xii], [82], [136]
catastrophes, [55–84], [103–106], [132–134], [156]
Catskills, [43]
Central America, [55], [78–84]
— expedition to, [55]
Chadron Formation, [22]
Chain of Craters, [118], [125], [154–155]
Challenger (ship), [170]
Charleston, [43], [45], [103]
— earthquake, [43], [45]
Charlotte Amalie, [157]
Chateau Belair, W. I., [59], [61], [159]
Chernofski village, [141]
Cherry Island, [103]
Chicago, [72]
Chicago Natural History Museum, [24]
Chilean coastal plain, [82]
Chilton, C., [112]
China, rivers of, [41]
Chourré, ...., [122]
Christchurch College, [110]
Christiansand, Norway, [12]
Christophersen, Erling, [135]
Chugul, [141]
Church, Dr., [57]
Cincinnati, [53]
Cincinnati arch, [50]
clams, [135]
Clark, W. O., [111]
Clive, ...., [11]
Coal Measures, [28]
Coan, Titus, [91]
Coast Survey, [137], [170]
— station at Sitka, [137]
Cody, Frank, [73], [123]
Colby, F. T., [72–73]
Collins, George, [135]
Colorado, [28], [169], [173]
Colorado River, [26], [38]
Comstock Lode, [18]
Congresses, [12], [112], [132], [134]
— Australia Science, [132]
— Hawaii, [112]
— Japan, [134]
— London Geography, [12]
— Pacific Science, [112], [134]
— Zurich Geological, [12]
Connecticut River, [7]
Constitution, U. S., [182]
continental divide, [36]
continental mediterranean sea, [22], [53]
continental volcanoes, [181]
Cook Channel, [109]
Cook Strait, [110]
Cooke, C. Montague, [135]
Cooke, Joshiah, [5]
copra, [148–149]
coral islets, [135]
Cordillera, [21], [49], [67], [78–84], [137], [177]
Cosequina, [80]
cosmology, [185–186]
Costa Rica, [55], [79], [80], [108]
— earthquake, [55]
— rocky mountains of, [55]
Costa Rica-Mexico line, [108]
Cotton, C. A., [110]
crabs, [149]
Cramton, Louis C., [114], [136], [162]
Crandall Creek mining claim, [8]
crater lake, [80]
Crawford, David L., [162]
Croney, J. E., [63]
Crooks Canyon, [26]
Crooks Complex, [26–27]
Crosby, W. O., [18], [72]
cross-country cars, [131–132], [138]
Crusoe, Robinson, [120]
Culebra Cut, [82]
Curtis, G. C., [56], [59], [159]
Curzon, G. N., [12]
Custer, G. A., [8]

Daly, R. A., [7], [9], [18], [92], [177–181]
Dana, Edward, [113]
Dana, James D., [21], [91], [113], [116], [164]
Darton, N. H., [21], [22]
Darwin, C. R., [6]
Darwin, George, [4], [32]
Daubrée, A., [16], [30]
Davis, W. M., [7], [16], [40], [165]
Day, A. L., [12], [86], [92], [112], [115], [124]
De Candolle, C., [4], [35]
de Vis-Norton, L. W., [111]
Deadwood, [23–25]
Dean, Arthur L., [162]
Death Gulch, [11–12]
deformation, [32], [76]
deltas, leaf, [43]
Denmark, [12]
Denver, [169], [173]
Devil’s Tower, [23], [25]
Diamond Head, [122]
Dillingham, Walter F., [114]
disasters, [55–84], [103–106], [111], [132–134], [156]
Dixie (ship), [56–59]
Dodge, Francis, [90]
Doelter, C., [16], [53]
Dominica, [11], [66], [158]
Dominion Museum, [109]
Dorsey, E. W., [43]
Dranga, Ted, [135–136]
Drexel Institute, [73]
Dunedin, [109–110]
Dutch Harbor, [72], [74], [141], [144]
Dutton, C. E., [7], [29–30], [48], [116]

Eakle, A. S., [72–74]
Earhart, Amelia, [125]
earth core, [185]
earth crust theory, [115–117]
earthquake centers, [169]
earthquake frequency, [131]
earthquakes, [30–31], [45], [55–84], [92], [103–106], [111], [114], [132–134], [137], [145–147], [154–165], [168–169]
— Cartago, [80]
— Charleston, [43], [45]
— Costa Rica, [55]
— Hawaii, [145–147]
— Kapoho, [154], [165]
— Kingston, [83–84]
— Messina, [55], [71]
— Montserrat, [156–161]
— Napier, [45], [111]
— Sakurajima, [103–106]
— San Francisco, [xii], [45], [55], [134], [137]
— Tokyo, [103], [114], [132–134], [168]
— Valparaiso, [55]
— Yakutat Bay, [30–31], [37], [45]
East Indies, [170]
Eastman Kodak Company, [91]
eclipse of sun, [147–150]
Ecuador, [78]
Eddington, A. A., [5], [184–185]
Eddy, Johnny, [62]
Eggleston, Julius W., [17]
Einstein, Albert, [5]
“elevation craters”, [131]
Eliot, C. W., [18], [55], [63]
Emden (ship), [140]
Emerson, Oliver, [54], [100], [123], [129]
Emmons, Delos C., [153]
Emmons, Samuel Franklin, [xi], [21], [22]
English, T. S., [158]
English Channel, [34]
English strata, [21]
Eocene Tertiary, [46]
erosion, [10], [30], [32], [38], [43], [48], [76]
— model, [43]
eruption cycles, [166–167]
eruption index, [77]
eruptions, [32], [45], [55–84], [120–125], [130–131], [169], [173–176]
— Alaska, [75], [141], [169]
— Halemaumau, [120–124], [130–131]
— Irazu, [79–80]
— Mauna Loa, [125], [173–176]
— Lassen, [136]
— Pelée, [45], [56–65], [71]
— Tarumai, [77–78]
— Vesuvius, [65–72]
Europe, mountain ranges of, [117]
Europe, study in, [12–16]
evolution, [6], [116], [186]
— theory of, [6]
Ewing, M., [184]
expeditions, [55–84], [103–111], [114], [132–150], [154–161]
— Alaska, [55], [72–75], [84], [114], [138], [143], [154]
— Cartago, [84]
— Howland and Baker, [135–136]
— Japan, [55], [77–78], [84], [104–109], [114], [132–134]
— Kilauea-Tarumai, [84]
— Martinique, [55–65], [156–161]
— Montserrat, [161]
— New Zealand, [103], [109–111]
— Niuafoou, [114], [147–150]
— Pelée-Soufrière, [55–65], [84], [156–161]
— Tokyo, [114]
— Vesuvius, [55], [65–72], [84]
experiments, [4–5], [17], [32–54], [76], [78], [85–113], [125–132], [138], [142–143], [154–156], [168], [171–173], [176–177], [182–186]
— field, [76], [85–113]
— laboratory, [4–5], [32–54], [168], [171–172]

Falcon Island, [110]
Faraday, M., [16], [29]
faulting, [28–29]
Ficus, [60]
field experiments, [76], [85–113]
field work, [7–12], [21–31], [55–84], [138], [142–143], [177]
Fiji, [147]
Finch, R. H., [99], [120–121], [132], [136–137], [144], [154], [162], [168], [173]
Firehole River, [39]
Flett, J. S., [76]
“floating islands”, [92], [96]
flying fox, [149]
Foerster, Captain, [140]
folding, model of, [50–52]
foot prints in lava, [120]
Forbes, John, [173]
Fort de France, [56]
Fortieth Parallel Survey, [8], [22], [25]
fossa magna, [109]
fossils, [181]
Fouqué, F., [16], [53]
Frank Landslip, the, [45]
Franklin, Benjamin, [71]
Frear, Walter F., [89]
Freiberg, [14]
Friedlaender, I., [76], [103], [162]
Fujiyama, [81], [109], [134–135]
fumaroles, [11–12], [62], [65], [68], [80], [108], [129], [156], [158], [160]
Futu, [147], [149]

gannets, [135]
Gardner, John, [139–142]
gas-heat theory, [59]
Geikie, Archibald, [xi], [12], [116]
Geodetic Survey of India, [157]
Geological Congress, Zurich, [12]
Geological Society of America, [76], [164], [166]
Geological Survey of Great Britain and Ireland, [12]
Geological Survey, U. S., [17–22], [50], [54–56], [64], [89–90], [111–114], [129–131], [136–138], [142], [154], [157], [169], [172–173]
Geophysical Laboratory, Wash. D. C., [112]
Georgetown, W. I., [159–160]
Geovision Ltd., [163]
Germany, [12–16]
geyser basins, [10]
geysers, [9], [39–40], [42], [48]
— as eroders, [39–40]
geyser-spring experiments, [41]
Geyserville, [112], [137]
Giacometti, Guido, [153], [163]
giant bat, [149]
Giant’s Causeway, [23]
Gilbert, Grove Karl, [7], [64]
Gillie, Miss, ...., [157]
glacial periods, [6], [10], [45]
glaciers, [44], [48]
Glass Mountain, [136]
Goethals, General, [82]
Goldschmidt, Victor M., [14], [16]
Goodrich, ...., [18]
goonies, [135]
Gordon-Cumming, C., [91]
Göteborg, [13]
Grabau, Amadeus, [17]
Grand Canyon, [24], [26], [28–30], [37]
— model of, [30], [38]
Grand Hotel, Japan, [132–133]
Grange, L. I., [111]
granitization, [181]
Grant, Willie, [3]
gravitation, [185–186]
Great Britain, [12], [162]
— Geological Survey of, [12]
Great Lakes, [25], [45]
Great Plains, [10], [22]
Green, W. L., [91]
Green River, [30]
greenstones, [182]
Greenwell, Mr. and Mrs. Frank, [146]
Gregory, H. E., [112], [135]
Grodzinski, P., [172]
Grosvenor, Gilbert, [142–143]
Groth, P. G., [13]
Guadeloupe, [66]
guano diggings, [135–136]
Guatemala, [55], [80–82]
Gulf of Alaska, [138], [171]
Gulf of Mexico, [10], [36]
Gummeré, Harry, [12], [33], [72–73]
Gutenberg, B., [183]

Hague, Arnold, [xi], [8]
Hakamagoshi, [105]
Hakone, [134]
Hale, George Ellery, [185]
Haleakala, [164], [165]
Haleakala, Kohala, Kea line, [165]
Halemaumau, [77], [86], [89], [92–93], [95], [112], [115], [117–119], [120–124], [127], [128], [131], [147], [151–155], [166]
— eruption, [117–124], [130–131]
Hammond, W. H., [168], [172]
Hannon, Arthur, [112]
hardness tests, [168], [171–172]
Harney Peak, [xii]
Hart, F. R., [79]
Harvard, [xi], [3–7], [16–19], [32–56], [72], [89], [92], [101]
— laboratory experiments, [32–54]
— study at, [3], [32–54]
— teaching at, [55–56], [72]
Hawaii, island of, [v], [28], [77], [78], [112], [142], [143], [154], [164], [165]
Hawaii Channel, [123]
Hawaii earthquake crisis (1929), [145–147]
Hawaii Geological Survey, [30], [111–112]
Hawaii National Park, [86], [89], [113–114], [128], [152], [155], [168], [173]
Hawaii tidal wave (1946), [156]
Hawaii, University of, [101]
Hawaiian Is., [55], [69], [77–78], [112], [117], [164], [171], [177], [183]
— journey to, [55]
Hawaiian Ridge, [49]
Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association, [112]
Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, [v], [54], [75], [78], [84–103], [111–112], [114–130], [135], [137], [142], [151–156], [162–164], [168], [173]
Hawaiian Volcano Research Association, [v], [71], [78], [91], [103], [111], [113–114], [155], [171]
Hawaiian volcanoes, [42], [85–113], [145–147], [151–176]
Hayden, F. V., [7], [17]
Haystack Basin, [39]
Heidelberg, [12]
Heilprin, A., [76]
Henderson, John Brooks, [127], [162]
Hermann, A., [5]
Herschel, Arthur, [83]
Hiatt, R. W., [171]
High Plateaus of Utah, [67]
Hill, R. T., [56]
Hilo, [130], [143], [151–153], [155], [161], [162], [169]
— merchants of, [89]
Hilo Tribune Herald, [162–163]
Hilo Wharf, [123]
Himalayas, [48], [116]
Hind, Mrs. Robert, [145]
Hinkley, Vern, [162]
Hitchcock, C. H., [91], [164–166]
Hobart, A. H., [128]
Hodges, Richmond, [154]
Hokkaido, [77]
Holmes, Justice Oliver Wendell, [182]
Honduras, [80]
Honjo district, [133]
Honolulu, [77], [78], [85], [91]
Honolulu Star-Bulletin, [162]
Honshu, [107]
Honukai, the, [142–143]
Hookena, [174]
Hoopuloa village, [125]
Hosmer, Ralph, [78]
hot springs, [9], [39], [42], [137]
Houston, David F., [112]
Hovey, E. O., [56], [59], [76], [112], [159], [173]
Howe, Ernest, [17]
Howland Island, [135–136]
Hoyle, Fred, [xii], [5], [184], [186]
Hualalai Volcano, [145], [146], [154], [164–165], [167]
Hubble, E. P., [5]
Hudson River, [42], [43]
Humuula, [151], [153]
Hunt, Walter Frederick, [173]
Huntington, Ellsworth, [17]
Huntington, Oliver, [5]
Hyatt, A., [19]

ice ages, [43], [185]
Iceland, [39], [103]
Imperial Hotel, Japan, [133]
Indian Ocean, [170]
index of eruption, [77]
index volcanoes, [75], [79], [80]
industrial diamonds, [172]
Ingalls, Albert, [126]
Ingerson, Earl, [172]
injections, lava, [46–48]
International Geophysical Union, [183]
intrusions, [53]
inventions, [19–20], [125–132], [157–158], [160], [162], [172]
Irazu Volcano, [79]
Ireland, [12], [23]
— Geological Survey of, [12]
Irving, John Duer, [21], [25]
Ischia, [66]
isostasy, [116–117], [131], [177]
Italy, [55], [65–72], [78], [103], [110], [117], [127], [181], [183]
Ivanpah, [27]
Izalco Volcano, [80]

Jack, R. L., [110]
Jackson, R. T., [5], [19], [165]
Jaggar, Isabel, [v], [100], [101], [109], [111], [118], [119], [121], [122], [140], [142], [145], [147], [153], [156], [157], [175]
Jaggar, Rev. Thomas Augustus, [3]
Jaggar inventions, [19–20], [158], [160], [172]
Jamaica, [83–84], [157], [160]
Japan, [42], [45], [55], [65–68], [77–78], [81], [84], [102], [103–106], [109], [110], [117], [132–134], [169], [183]
Japanese earthquakes, [103–106], [114], [132–134], [168]
Japanese engineers, [131]
Java, [11]
Jeans, J. H., [5], [184–185]
jeep, forerunner of, [131–132], [138]
Jim, Samuel, [62]
Jimenez, President of Costa Rica, [79–80]
Johanssen, Captain, [138], [140]
Johnson, Douglas, [18]
Johnston, F., [25]
Jones, Austin E., [142], [144], [152], [169]
Jordalsknut, the, [12]
Jupiter, [184]

Kagoshima, [103–106]
Kahuku, [174]
Kahului, [169]
Kailua, Hawaii, [143]
Kaimon, [108]
Kaiser Wilhelm, [13–14]
Kamakura, [134]
Kamchatka arc, [82]
Kamuela, [146]
Kansas, [40]
Kapoho, [118], [125], [154], [164]
— earthquake (1924), [154], [165]
Karuizawa, [107–108]
Katmai, [140]
Kau Desert, [93], [115], [117], [120], [124], [125], [130], [132], [155]
Kaunakakai, [123]
Kawaihae, [143]
Keewatin, [6]
Kellar, H., [5]
Kellers, H., [147], [149]
Kelvin, W. T., [6]
Keoua’s army, [120]
Keppel Island, [150]
Keppler, C. H. J., [147]
Kew Observatory, [157]
Kiholo, [143]
Kilauea, [v], [xi], [59], [62], [68], [71], [76], [77], [86–103], [111–115], [117–125], [127–128], [130–132], [142–147], [151–155], [162], [164], [165], [167], [172], [176], [177]
Kilauea Iki, [124]
Kilauea Military Camp, [97], [113]
Kilauea Mountain, [99], [118], [121]
King, Clara, [62–64]
King, Clarence, [xi], [6], [7], [8], [17], [21], [22], [25], [32]
King, F. P., [11]
King, Samuel W., [135]
King Cove, [138], [139], [140], [144]
Kingston, Jamaica, [83–84], [159], [160]
Kirishima, [108]
Kobandai, [106–108]
Kodiak, [137], [138], [140], [143], [144]
Kohala, [165]
Kona, [92], [93], [125], [142], [145–146], [152–154], [169], [173–174]
— North, [145]
— South, [92], [93], [125], [173]
Korovinski Volcano, [75]
Koto, B., [106]
kou trees, [136]
Kullenberg, B., [170], [184]
Kumamoto, [109]
Kyushu, [103], [108], [109]

laboratories, [17], [32–54], [76], [78]
— Carnegie Institution geophysical, [76], [86], [111]
— Harvard, [32–54]
— Hawaii Volcano Observatory, [78]
— Naples, [76]
— Rockefeller, [29]
Labrador, [3]
Lacroix, Alfred, [16], [76], [134]
La Forge, Laurence, [17]
Lahaina, [123]
Lake Superior, [6]
Lake Taupo, [110]
Lake Toya, [106]
Lamar River, [36]
Lancaster, Alex, [86], [90], [97], [118]
Lane A., [18]
Laramie, [46]
Lassen National Park, [112], [114], [136–137], [154]
— survey of, [137]
Lassen Peak, [136]
lava injection model, [46–48]
lava tides, [166–167]
lava, analyses of, [129]
lava, constituents of, [166]
lava, moon, [172]
Laudat, [11]
Lehigh, [22]
Leipzig, [181]
Lenox-Conyingham, Gerald, [156], [157]
Lewis Lake, [36]
Lewis River, [36]
Limon, [79]
Lincoln, Gatesford, [132], [147]
Lincoln, Joseph, [174]
Lingula, [6], [7]
Lipari, [66]
Lisbon, [103]
London, [12]
Long Island Sound, [43]
Los Angeles, [103]
Loucks, Burton, [168], [173]
Lower Silurian, [7]
Lurline (ship), [175]
Lycurgus, Demosthenes, [89], [111]
Lycurgus, George, [111]
Lydia (ship), [72], [74]
Lyell, Charles, [xii], [45]
Lynn, [3]
Lyttleton, ...., [xii], [184], [185]

Maclaurin, R., [55], [85]
Macdonald, Gordon A., [111], [154], [166], [173–175]
MacDonald, T. M., [59], [61], [159]
MacGregor, A. G., [157], [161]
MacMillan-Brown, J., [110]
Madison limestone, [8]
Maine, [3]
Makalawena, [143]
Makaopuhi, [118], [121]
Makushin, [75]
malau bird, [148–149]
Mammoth Hot Springs, [9], [12], [42]
man-of-war bird, [135]
Mansfield, G. R., [18]
Maoris, [110]
Marlowe, Julia, [5]
Marsden, Ernest, [110]
Marsters, V. F., [17], [53]
Martinique, [11], [55–66], [71], [76], [84], [129], [134], [156], [158], [160], [161], [167]
— expedition to, [55–65], [156–161]
— museum and observatory, [71]
Marvin, Charles F., [111], [112], [137]
Massachusetts, [18], [44], [71]
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, [7], [55–56], [72], [77–79], [85], [90], [91], [113], [129]
— teaching at, [55–56], [72], [78]
Mato Tepee, [23]
Matson, a guide, [11]
Matsumoto, Jack, [174–175]
Matteucci, R. V., [15], [67], [71]
Matthes, Francois, [18]
Maui, [122–123], [169], [170]
Mauna Kea (ship), [123]
Mauna Kea, [115], [146], [153], [164–165]
Mauna Loa, [59], [62], [64], [67–69], [92–95], [99], [102], [112–115], [125], [145–146], [151–154], [162], [164–166], [169–170], [172], [173–176], [180], [185]
— bombing of, [153–154], [161]
— eruption of, [124], [173–176]
Mauna Loa Mountain, [99]
McCord, Jack, [140], [141]
McKinley, C. P., [143]
measurements, [129–131]
medaños, [34]
Mediterranean Sea, [45], [70], [116]
“Mediterranean Sea” of North America, [22], [53]
Mees, C. E. K., [91]
Meinzer, O., [111]
Mendenhall, W. C., [18], [112], [138]
Mercalli, G., [76], [131]
Messina, [55], [71], [77], [81], [103]
— earthquake of, 1908, [55], [71]
metamorphism, [180]
Meunier, Stanilas, [16]
Mexico, [80], [82], [108]
Michel-Lévy, A., [16], [53]
Michelson, A. A., [99]
microsclerometer, [19–20], [172]
Midway Island, [99], [103], [164], [165]
Mihara Volcano, [133–134]
Mineral, Calif., [136], [137]
Miocene, [46], [49]
Mississippi delta, [41]
Mississippi River, [8], [10], [36]
models, [30], [38], [41–42], [43], [46–48], [50–52]
— erosion, [43]
— folding, [50–52]
— Grand Canyon, [30], [38]
— lava injection, [46–48]
— Old Faithful, [41–42]
Mohokea, [165]
Molokai, [122–123]
Molokai Channel, [122]
Molokai volcano, [165]
Monte Somma, [66]
Montserrat, [xii], [66], [71], [126], [129], [156–161]
— earthquake (1933), [71]
Moody, William H., [55–57]
Moody, William Vaughn, [20]
moon, [182]
moon craters, [93–94], [172], [176]
moon lava, [172]
Morgan, Lloyd, [186]
Morozewicz, J., [16]
Morss, Everett, [162]
motorcar amphibians, [168]
Mount Baker, [136]
Mount Dana, [143]
Mount Etna, [66], [68], [71], [77], [81], [103], [180]
Mount Hibokhibok, [76]
Mount Lamington, [76]
Mount Makushin, [73]
Mount Misery, [62], [66]
Mount Monadnock, [40]
Mount Pelée, [56–65], [76], [134], [158], [161], [167]
Mount St. Elias, [31]
Mount St. Helena, [137]
Mount Shasta, [18], [137]
Mount Washburn, [36]
Mount Wrangell, [138]
Munro, George, [135]
murres, [141]
museum, Kilauea Crater, [114–115]
Museum of Comparative Zoology, [164]
mutation, [186]
Myers, D. B., [72], [74]
Mystic River, [37]

Nagasaki, [103], [109]
Nahant, [3]
Nakamura, D., [115]
Naknek Lake, [140]
Napau Crater, [118], [121]
Napier earthquake, [45], [111]
Naples, [65], [71], [76]
National Geographic Society, [55–56], [142], [143]
— expedition (Alaska), [143]
Natural History magazine, [170]
Nature magazine, [161]
Naughton, J. J., [173]
Naumann, E., [109]
Navaho (ship), [123]
Neckar, the, [14]
Nelson, Sven, [20]
Neptune, [184]
Nevada, [26–30]
New Crater, [10]
New England, [7], [28], [37], [40], [43], [44], [46]
New Haven, [46]
New Jersey, [43]
New Orleans, [79]
New York, [42], [43], [56], [72], [121]
— New York City, [42], [72]
— Wall Street, [72]
New Zealand, [39], [75], [103], [109–111], [114], [117], [126], [161], [162], [183]
— expedition to, [103], [109–111]
—Geological Survey, [110]
New Zealand-Tonga volcanic chain, [114]
New Zealand, University of, [110]
Ngauruhoe Volcano, [110]
Nicaragua, [80]
Nicaragua-Salvador line, [80]
Nikolski, [141]
Niles, W., [72]
Niuafoou, [110], [147–150]
Niuatoputapu, [150]
No Man’s Land, [132]
Nobel Prize, [157]
Norris Geyser Basin, [10]
North Island, N. Z., [109]
North Kona, [145]
Norway, [12], [13]
Nova Scotia, [3], [175]

Oahu, [170]
Oberhansley, F. R., [173]
Oberwald, the, [14]
Observatories, [76], [86], [114–130], [135–137], [142], [144], [155], [162], [163], [168], [173]
— Alaska, [136], [137], [142], [144]
— California, [136], [137]
— Hawaii, [76], [114–130], [135], [137], [142], [155], [162], [168], [173]
— Kew, [157]
— Vesuvius, [76], [86]
Ocean Island, [99]
oceanic volcanoes, [182]
Oceanographic Institute of Sweden, [170]
oceanographic sampling, [183]
Ogasawara Islands, [109]
Ohia Lodge, Hawaii, [174]
Ohiki, the, [142–143]
Okinawa, [103]
Olaa, [154]
Old Faithful, [10]
— model of, [41–42]
“Old Faithful,” Hawaii, [86–87], [90]
Oldham, R. D., [116]
Oligocene, [24]
Omori, F., [77], [84], [102], [104–106], [109], [112], [115], [131], [132], [162]
Oregon, [82]
Osaka, [134]
Osann, A., [14], [15]
Oshima, [103], [109], [133], [134]
Osumi Strait, [104]
Otago University, [110]
Ottajano, [65], [66], [68]

Pacific Commercial Advertiser, [77], [86]
Pacific Commercial Company, [143]
Pacific journey, [77–78]
Pacific Ocean, [36], [53], [82], [170], [171]
— arc, [82]
—deeps of, [53]
Pacific oceanography, [170–171]
Pacific Science Congresses, [112], [134]
Pago Pago, [147]
pahoehoe, [67], [97], [120], [124], [125], [129], [135], [148], [151], [153]
Palache, C., [14], [15]
Palisades, Hudson River, [42]
Palmieri, P., [76]
Panama, [80], [82], [83], [157]
Panama Canal, [82], [157]
Papua, [76]
Parker Ranch, Hawaii, [143], [146]
Pasadena, [111]
Pasteur, Louis, [16], [161]
Patagonia, [81]
Pavlof, [139], [142–143]
Pearl Harbor, [122], [123], [168], [169], [172]
Pelée, [11], [45], [56–65], [67], [68], [78], [103], [104]
— eruption, [45], [56–65], [71]
Pelican (ship), [123]
Pennsylvania, [37], [53]
Perkins, Commander, ...., [140]
Perret, Frank Alvord, [xi], [32], [68], [71], [84], [86–89], [92], [96], [101], [103], [156], [157], [160], [162], [167], [171], [173]
Peru, [34]
Pettersson, Hans, [170], [171], [184]
Philadelphia, [53]
Philippine Islands, [72], [76]
Phoenix, Arizona, [25]
Piggot, C. S., [184]
Planck, M., [5]
Pliocene, [43]
Plug Ugly (ship), [139]
Plymouth, W. I., [156]
Poas Crater, [80]
Pohoiki, [118]
Polynesian rats, [136]
Ponte, S. C., [68]
Porteus, Stanley, [162]
Postal Card Crack, [77], [127], [128]
Potomac (ship), [56–58]
Powell, C. F., [156], [157], [161]
Powell, George, [143]
Powell, J. W., [7], [17], [22]
Powers, Howard, [142], [154], [169], [173]
Powers, Sidney, [112]
Pozzuoli, [66]
pre-Cambrian, [47]
Prescott, Arizona, [25]
Pribilof Island, [144]
Prince of Wales, [110]
Princeton University, [5]
Pritchett, H. S., [55], [72]
Puako, [143]
Puget Sound, [143], [144]
Puna, [130], [154]
Purington, C., [133]
Puu Oo Ranch, [153]
Puuwaawaa, [145], [146]

quakeproof engineering, [132]
Quartette Gold Mine, [27]
Queen Charlotte, [150]
Quensell boys, [149]

range finders, [125–127]
rats, Polynesian, [136]
Red Beds, [8], [47]
Redlands, [103]
Reyer, H., [16]
rhythmic periods, [166–167]
Richmond plantation, W. I., [159]
Richter, C. F., [183]
Rieber, Frank, [162–164]
ripplemarks, [3–4], [32–54]
Roberts, Sumner, [100]
Rockefeller, John D., [184]
Rockefeller laboratory and observatory, [29]
Rocky Mountains, [7], [10], [18], [23], [46], [47], [48]
Romberg, Arnold, [101–102]
Rome, [103]
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, [17]
Roraima (ship), [62], [160]
Roseau, [11]
Rosenbusch, H., [12–16]
Rotorua, [109], [111]
Royal Society of London, [72], [156]
Ruapehu Volcano, [110]
Rushforth, Paul, [171–172]
Russell, I. C., [56]
Rutherford, E., [110]
Ryukyu Archipelago, [103], [106], [109]
Ryukyu-Sakurajima line, [108]

Saba, [157]
Sagami Bay, [133–134]
St. Helena, [103]
St. Kitts, [62], [157]
St. Lucia, [160]
St. Martin, [157]
St. Pierre, [55–65], [71], [160], [161]
St. Vincent, [56–66], [68], [158–160]
Sakurajima, [xi], [71], [81], [103–106]
— earthquake (1914), [103–106]
Salvador, [80]
Samoa, [147], [150]
San Andreas rift, [137]
San Francisco earthquake (1906), [xii], [45], [55], [134], [137]
San Jose, Costa Rica, [79]
San Sebastiano, destruction of, [69]
Santa Ana, [80]
Santa Maria peak, [81]
Sarana Bay, [141]
Saratoga Springs, [18]
Sato, Sutejiro, [155], [166], [168]
Saturn, [184]
Saxony, [14]
Scandinavia, [12–13], [182]
Schneeberg granite, [14]
Schrader, F., [18]
Schweitzer, A., [161]
Scientific American, [126]
scratch tester, [172]
sea level, [130]
sea lions, [141]
seals, [144]
Searchlight, Nevada, [26–30]
Seattle, [72], [138], [142]
Secretary of the Interior, [155]
Section of Volcanology created, [136]
sedimentation, [32], [38], [76], [181]
Seeley, George, [72], [74]
seismic recorders, [125–126], [143], [144]
Shaler, Nathaniel S., [xi], [3], [5], [19], [28], [172]
Shepard, F. P., [170]
Shepherd, E. S., [86–89], [92], [112], [115], [166], [167], [184]
Shimonoseki Strait, [109]
Shipman, Herbert, [153]
Shishaldin Volcano, [154]
shock recorder, [126], [158], [160]
Shumagin Islands, [143]
Sierra Nevada, [28], [116], [136]
Sinclair, Gregg M., [162], [170], [171]
Sinton, Bill, [122], [147]
Smith, George Otis, [112], [137]
Smith Philip Sidney, [18], [21], [22]
Smith, William, [21]
Smithsonian Institution, [112]
Snake River, [36]
Snedeker, James, [168]
Solfatara, Italy, [127]
solfataras, [11–12], [62], [65], [68], [80], [108], [129], [156], [158], [160]
Soufrière, [56–55], [72], [159]
South Dakota, [21–25], [28], [37], [38], [46], [47], [55], [78]
South Island, N. Z., [109]
South Kona, [92], [93], [125], [173]
Spalding, Walter, [95]
Spearfish, Arizona, [23]
Speight, R., [110]
Spofford, Charles, [79], [84], [129]
Springfield, Mass., [71]
Spurr, J. E., [18], [172]
Stalheim, [12]
Stanford students, [26]
Stanley, Henry M., [12]
Starr (ship), [138], [140]
State Street, [72]
Stearns, Harold T., [111], [154], [165], [166]
Stewart, Richard, [143]
Stinking Water mine, [8]
Stockholm, [13]
Stokes, Mrs., [63]
Stokes, Rita, [62–64]
Stone, Ralph, [17], [37], [43]
Stromboli, [68], [71]
Stübel, A., [67], [76], [177], [181], [182]
Suess, E., [116]
sugar mills, [159]
Sulphur Bank, [112], [115], [127–129], [173]
Sunlight mine, [8]
sunspots, [65], [68], [166]
— intervals of, [68]
surveys, [7–12], [23–25], [30], [76], [137], [138], [142–143]
— Alaskan, [142–143]
— Black Hills, [23–25]
— Fortieth Parallel, [25]
— Hawaii Geological, [30], [76]
— Lassen National Park, [137]
— New Zealand Geological, [110]
— Yellowstone, [7–12]
Suwanose Island, [108]
Sweden, [13], [170]
Sweeney, H. P., [72], [74]
swelling and slumping, [131]
swelling mountain, [129–131]
Switzerland, [43]

Tanager (ship), [150]
Tanegashima, [106]
Tarawera, [109]
Tarawera Mountain, [110]
Tarumai Volcano, [77–78]
Taupo Belt, [109]
Taupo District, [161]
Taylor, Griffith, [112]
teaching, [55–56], [72], [78]
— at Harvard, [55–56], [72]
— at Massachusetts Tech, [55–56], [72], [78]
Technology Expedition, [72], [138]
Technology Review, [74]
Teddy, the dog, [123]
temperature wells, [127–129]
Teneriffe, [71]
Tennessee, [37]
terns, [135]
Tertiary, [8–10], [15]
Tetons, [36]
theater, the, [5]
Thomson, Allan, [109]
Thomson, William, [109]
Thorndike, Charles, [100]
Thurston, Lorrin A., [77], [86], [89], [111], [122], [142], [153], [162]
tidal system (volcanic), [70]
tidal waves, [134], [156], [169–170]
— Hawaii (1946), [156], [169], [170]
— Japan (Tokyo), [134]
tide gauge readings, [130]
Tin Can Island, [110], [147–150]
Tokyo, [81], [102], [103], [106], [109], [114], [132–134], [168]
— earthquakes, [103], [114], [132–134], [168]
Tonga, [109], [110], [114], [181], [147–150]
Tonga Deep, [109]
Tonopah, [29]
Tonto fault, [30]
Triassic lavas, [47]
Tridacna, [35], [135]
Trinidad, [61]
Trondhjem, [12], [13]
Tufts College, [17]
Tuscarora Deep, [109]
Twigg-Smith, William, [112]

Unita Mountains, [30]
Umnak Island, [75], [138], [141]
Unalga (ship), [140]
Unalaska, [75], [137], [140], [141]
Unimak, [154]
Union Pacific, [25]
United Fruit Company, [79]
U. S. Army, [113], [169]
U. S. Army Air Force, [153]
U. S. Army Engineers, [82], [156]
U. S. Biological Survey, [144]
U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, [130]
U. S. Coast Guard, [135], [140], [144]
U. S. Congress, [156], [162]
U. S. Consulate (Japan), [132]
U. S. Eclipse Expedition, [110], [147–150]
U. S. Geological Survey, [17–18], [19], [21], [22], [50], [54–56], [64], [89–90], [111–114], [129–131], [136–138], [142], [154], [157], [169], [172–173]
U. S. Marines, [132], [133], [168]
U. S. Navy, [55–57], [122–123], [131], [132], [147], [168], [170]
U. S. Naval Observatory, [110], [147–150]
U. S. Weather Bureau, [111–114], [137]
University Club, Boston, [85]
University of California, Berkeley, [89], [137], [163]
University of Hawaii, [101], [162], [164], [168], [170], [171]
University of New Zealand, [110]
Uranus, [184]
Usu Volcano, [106]
Utah, [18], [22], [67]
Uwekahuna, [173]

Valparaiso earthquake, [55]
Vandyke, E. C., [72], [73]
Vaughan, T. W., [112]
Verhoogen, J., [180]
Vermont, [7], [9], [53]
Vesuvius, [xi], [55], [65–72], [76], [88], [104], [115], [131], [167]
— eruptions, [65–72]
— expedition to, [65–72], [84]
— observatory, [76]
Vesuvius-Stromboli-Etna system, [70]
Virgin Islands, [157]
volcanic explosions, [32], [45], [55–84], [120–125], [130–131], [173–176]
Volcano Bay, [139–140]
Volcano House, [77], [86], [111], [113], [155], [173]
Volcano Letter, [154]
volcano models, [45–47]
Volcano Research Association, [85], [162], [163]
volcanology predictions, [161–162]
von Buch, Leopold, [131]
von Tempski, Armine, [146]
von Zittel, Karl A., [13]
Vosges Mountains, [14]

Wada, T., [107]
Waesche, Hugh, [152], [154]
Wailuku River, [153], [156]
Waimanu, Hawaii, [165]
Waimea, Hawaii, [143]
Waiohinu, [165]
Waipio, [165]
Wairaki, [161]
Walcott, Charles D., [19], [22], [30], [111], [112]
Wall Street, [72]
Wallibu River, [60]
Ward, R., [19]
Washington, D. C., [76], [86], [111], [137], [161], [162]
— Geophysical Laboratory, [76]
Washington, H. S., [112]
Watchung Ridge, [43]
water theory, [115–117], [167]
Weed, W. H., [11]
Wellesley, [72]
Wellington, N. Z., [109], [110]
Wells Fargo and Co., [27]
Wentworth, Chester K., [173]
Werner, A. G., [16]
West Indies, [11], [56–66], [78], [83–84], [156–161]
— disaster in, [55–65]
— volcanoes of, [156–161]
Western Samoa, [147]
Wheeler, G. M., [7]
Whippoorwill (ship), [135–136]
White, Harvey, [173]
White Island, [75], [110]
Whitney Foundation, [85], [89]
Wiechert, E., [116]
Williams, Howel, [137], [164]
Williamson, H., [82–83]
Willis, Bailey, [xi], [21], [22], [50–51], [116]
Wilson, R. M., [111], [129], [130], [137], [144], [154]
Wingate, E. G., [145], [152], [155–156]
Wolff, John Eliot, [5], [19]
Wood, H. O., [89], [100], [111], [115]
Wood-Anderson seismograph, [111]
Wood-Jones, Frederick, [112]
Wood Valley, [145], [165]
World War I, [132]
World War II, [141], [142], [168]
Wylie, ...., [11]
Wyoming, [43]

Yakutat earthquake (1899), [30–31], [37], [45]
Yale University, [17], [19], [22], [91], [100]
Yatchmenoff, Peter, [139–140]
Yeld, G., [65]
yellow fever, [82]
Yellowstone Lake, [36]
Yellowstone National Park, [xii], [7–12], [18], [23], [28], [36], [39], [42], [67], [78], [112], [117]
Yellowstone River, [36]
Yokohama, [132–134]
Young, John Mason, [114]
Yukon, [140]

Zeitschrift für Vulkanologie, [76]
Zirkel, Ferdinand, [14]
Zurich, [12]

Transcriber’s Notes:
1. Obvious printers’, punctuation and spelling errors have been corrected silently.
2. Hyphenation has been rationalised. Inconsistent spelling (including accents) has been retained.