HISTORICAL, ENTERTAINING, AND COMMERCIAL.

EXPLANATION OF THE LETTERS SUBJOINED TO THE NAMES OF PLACES.

borough

hun

hundred

rape

West

chap

chapelry

lathe

tithing

North

county

lib

liberty

township

South

dis

district

m. t.

market town

vil

village

S.E.

South-East

div

division

parish

wap

wapentake

S.W.

South-West

ext. p.

extra parochial

pre

precinct

ward

wardship

N.E.

North-East

ham

hamlet

quarter

East

N.W.

North-West

E.R. York.—N.R. York.—or W.R. York ... East, North, or West Ridingof Yorkshire.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
34	Abbas Combe	pa	Somerset	Wincanton	3	Milborne Port	6	Shaftesbury	8	105	448
15	Abbenhall	pa	Gloucester	Newnham	4	Mitchel Dean	1	Monmouth	13	116	235
33	Abberbury[A]	pa	Salop	Shrewsbury	8	Melverly	3	Montgomery	15	161	1798
42	Abberley	pa	Worcester	Bewdley	6	Tenbury	11	Kidderminst	8	125	590
14	Abberton	pa	Essex	Colchester	4	Witham	12	Maldon	13	47	203
42	Abberton	pa	Worcester	Pershore	6	Alcester	8	Worcester	10	103	90
29	Abberwick	to	Northumber	Alnwick	3	Wooler	14	Rothbury	7	311	135
58	Abber-cwm-Hir	chap	Radnor	Rhayader	6	Knighton	15	Presteig	18	186	368
9	Abbey-Dore	pa	Hereford	Hereford	11	Hay	14	Ross	16	140	533
17	Abbey-Holm[B]	pa	Cumberland	Wigton	6	Allonby	7	Carlisle	17	309	3056

[A] ABBERBURY, or Alberbury, a parish and township, partly in the hundreds of Cawrse and Deythur, in the county of Montgomery, and partly in that of Ford, in the county of Salop. Warine, sheriff of this county in the reign of Henry I., founded an abbey for black monks, a cell to Guardmont, in Limosin, which, at the suppression of alien priories was bestowed by Henry VI. upon the college founded by Archbishop Chiechley. Benthall, Eyton, Rowton, Amaston, and Wollaston, are all townships of this parish. At Glyn, in this parish, is the celebrated Old Parr's cottage and birth-place, who lived in the reigns of ten kings and queens. Old Parr's cottage, which has undergone but little alteration since his time; it is timber-framed, rare, and picturesque, within view of Rodney's Pillar on Bredden Hill, in Montgomeryshire. In Wollaston Chapel is a brass plate, with his portrait thus inscribed: "The old, old, very old man, Thomas Parr, was born at the Glyn, in the township of Wennington, within the chapelry of Great Wollaston, and parish of Alberbury, in the county of Salop, in 1483. He lived in the reigns of ten kings and queens of England, viz. King Edward IV., King Edward V., King Richard III., King Henry VII., King Henry VIII., King Edward VI., Queen Mary, Queen Elizabeth, King James I., and Charles I.; he died in London, (sixteen years after his presentation to Did penance at the age of 105. King Charles,) on the 13th of November, 1635, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, on the 15th of the same month, aged one hundred and fifty-two years and nine months. At the age of one hundred and five, he did penance in the church of Alberbury, for criminal connexion with Catherine Milton, by whom he had offspring."

[B] ABBEY-HOLM is a small town in the ward of Allerdale. The original consequence of this little town was derived from an abbey of Cistercian monks, founded here, about the twelfth century, by Henry I. of England, as the crown rolls imply. Its benefactors were many in number, and by the magnificent grants and privileges with which it was endowed, it acquired so much importance, that during the reigns of Edward I. and II. its abbots, though not mitred, were frequently summoned to sit in parliament. The abbey was pillaged and burnt during the incursion of Robert Bruce, but afterwards rebuilt with great magnificence; few vestiges, however, of its monastic buildings now remain. From the ruins the Parochial Chapel was formed, and there yet stands a part of the church in its original form. During the reign of Henry VIII. the abbey was chiefly dilapidated; the church continued in good condition till the year 1600, when the steeple, one hundred and fourteen feet high, suddenly fell down, and by its fall destroyed great part of the chancel. Its total ruin was nearly accomplished by an accidental fire five years afterwards. This fire took place on April 18, The Abbey destroyed by the accidental firing of a daw's nest. 1604, and was occasioned by a servant carrying a live coal into the roof of the church, to search for an iron chisel; the boisterous wind blew the coal out of his hand into a daw's nest, by which the whole was ignited, and within less than three hours it consumed both the body of the chancel and the whole church, except the south side of the low church, which was saved by means of a stone vault. Almost due-west from Abbey-Holm, in a strong situation near the sea coast, are some remains of Wulstey Castle, a fortress, which was erected by the abbots to secure their treasures, books, and charters from the sudden depredations of the Scots. "In this castle," observes Camden, "tradition reports, that the magic works of Sir Michael Scot (or Scotus), Michael Scot, the magician. were preserved, till they were mouldering into dust. He professed a religious life here about the year 1290, and became so versed in the mathematics, and other abstruse sciences, that he obtained the character of a magician, and was believed, in that credulous age, to have performed many miracles." The story of Michael Scot forms a beautiful episode in Scott's "Lay of the Last Minstrel," the notes to which furnish some curious information respecting that extraordinary personage. Sir Michael Scot, of Balwearie, we are told, flourished during the thirteenth century, and was one of the ambassadors sent to bring the Maid of Norway to Scotland, upon the death of Alexander III. Scottish legends. His memory survives in many a legend; and in the south of Scotland, any work of great labour and antiquity is ascribed either to the agency of auld Michael, of Sir William Wallace, or the devil. The following are amongst the current traditions concerning Michael Scot:—He was chosen, it is said, to go upon an embassy, to obtain from the King of France satisfaction for certain piracies committed by his subjects upon those of Scotland. Instead of preparing a new equipage and splendid retinue, he evoked a fiend in the shape of a huge black horse, mounted The fiend horse. upon his back, and forced him to fly through the air towards France. When he arrived at Paris, he tied his horse to the gate of the palace, and boldly delivered his message. An ambassador with so little of the pomp and circumstance of diplomacy was not received with much respect, and the king was about to return a contemptuous refusal to his demand, when Michael besought him to suspend his resolution till he had seen his horse stamp three times: the first stamp shook every steeple in Paris, and caused all the bells to ring; the second threw down three of the towers of the palace; and the infernal steed had French King's concession. lifted up his hoof to give the third stamp, when the king rather chose to dismiss Michael, with the most ample concessions, than to stand to the probable consequences. Another time, it is said that, while residing at the tower of Oakwood, upon the Ettrick, about three miles above Selkirk, having heard of the fame of a sorceress, called the Witch of The witch of Falsehope. Falsehope, who lived on the opposite side of the river, Michael went one morning to put her skill to the test, but was disappointed by her positively denying any knowledge of the necromantic art. In his discourse with her, he laid his wand inadvertently on the table which the hag observing, suddenly snatched it up and struck him with it. Feeling the force of the charm, he rushed out of the house; but as it had conferred on him the external appearance of a hare, his servant, who waited without, hallooed upon the discomfited wizard his own greyhounds, and pursued him so close, that, in order to obtain a moment's breathing to reverse the charm, Michael, after a very fatiguing course, was fain to take refuge in his own common sewer.

Fair, October 29, for horses and horned cattle.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
16	Abbots Ann	pa	Hants	Andover	2	Salisbury	16	Stockbridge	6	66	562
11	Abbots Bickington	pa	Devon	Holsworthy	6	Torrington	9	Hartland	13	220	77
35	Abbots Bromley[A]	pa	Stafford	Uttoxeter	7	Lichfield	10	Stafford	11	1129	1621
12	Abbotsbury[B]	pa	Dorset	Dorchester	10	Bridport	10	Weymouth	10	127	874

[A] ABBOTS BROMLEY. The hobby-horse dance, an ancient custom, was observed here till the civil war.—Ten or twelve of the dancers carried, on their shoulders, deers' heads, painted with the arms of Paget, Hobby-horse dance Bagot, and Welles, to whom the chief property of the town belonged. The horns yet hang up in the church, but the custom is now discontinued. The parish includes Bromley, Bagot's liberty, and Bromley Hurst township. Bagot's park is the deer-park of Lord Bagot, whose seat is at Blithefield.

Market, Tuesday.—Fairs, Tuesday before Mid-lent Sunday, May 22, September 4, for horses and horned cattle.

[B] ABBOTSBURY consists of a single parish, divided into three streets, nearly in the form of the letter Y, lying in a valley surrounded and protected by bold hills near the sea. There is a tradition that this Tradition of St. Peter place was called Abodesbyry by St. Peter himself, in the infancy of Christianity, but it is more probably supposed to have derived its name from the magnificent abbey, originally founded here, in the early part of the eleventh century. The ruins of the abbey (which was once large and splendid, but is now nearly demolished), consist of a large barn, a A ruined abbey. stable, supposed to have been the dormitory, a porch which belonged to the conventual church, the principal entrance, a portion of the walls, and two buildings conjectured to have been used for domestic purposes. The barn, which, when entire, was the largest in the county, is now so dilapidated, that only a part of it can be used. The church, in which Orcus and his wife, the founders, were buried, is, with the exception of the porch and a pile of ruins under some neighbouring elms, totally destroyed; but the numerous chantries and chapels which belonged to it sufficiently prove its ancient magnificence. On an eminence, at a short distance from the town, stands a small building called St. Catherine's St. Catherine's chapel, a sea mark. Chapel, which is supposed to have been erected about the time of Edward IV., and which from its height and lofty situation, serves both for a sea and land mark. Abbotsbury Church appears to have been built a short time before the reformation; the pulpit is pierced by musket balls, said to have been fired by Cromwell's soldiers, at the officiating minister, whom, however, they missed. But it is more likely to have occurred at the time of Sir Anthony Astley Cooper's attack on the royalists, at the siege of Sir John Strangeway's house, in 1651. About Wild fowl decoy, and swannery. a mile to the south-west of Abbotsbury, is the "decoy," where great quantities of wild fowl are annually taken. But the object which most engages the attention of strangers, in the neighbourhood of this town, is the celebrated "swannery," which, not long since, was the property of the Earl of Ilchester. In the open or broad space of the fleet are kept six or seven hundred swans, formerly one thousand five hundred, including hoppers—a small species of swans, who feed and range, and return home again.

Fair, July 10, for sheep and toys.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
11	Abbotsham	m.t.& pa	Devon	Bideford	2	Torrington	7	Barnstaple	10	204	386
44	Abbotside,	H.&Low pa	N.R. York	Askrigg	0	Middleham	7	Richmond	12	208	762
34	Abbotts Isle	pa	Somerset	Ilminster	4	Ilchester	11	Taunton	10	133	380
11	Abbotts Kerswell	pa	Devon	Newton Bush	2	Totness	7	Torquay	6	189	442
18	Abbotts Langley[A]	pa	Herts	St. Albans	4	Watford	4	Hemel Hemp	6	17	1980
34	Abbots Leigh	pa	Somerset	Bristol	3	Bedminster	3	Keynsham	9	116	360
15	Abbotsley	pa	Hunts	St. Neots	4	Huntingdon	12	Potton	4	58	369
42	Abbots Morton	pa	Worcester	Evesham	4	Alcester	8	Pershore	6	99	236
12	Abbots Stoke	pa	Dorset	Beaminster	3	Crewkerne	10	Bridport	6	143	587
16	Abbotston	pa	Hants	Alresford	4	Basingstoke	12	Winchester	9	57	248
33	Abdon	pa	Salop	Ludlow	9	Bridgenorth	11	Ch. Stretton	9	153	170
53	Abenbury Fecham	to	Flintshire	Wrexham	4	Chester	10	Mold	7	187	111
52	Abenbury Vawr	to	Denbigh	Wrexham	3	Llangollen	12	Mold	8	187	214
50	Aber[B]	pa	Caernavon	Bangor	6	Aberconway	9	Caernarvon	15	240	552
51	Aberaeron	to	Cardigan	Aberystwith	17	Lampeter	14	Cardigan	23	208	...
51	Aberarth	vil & pa	Cardigan	Lampeter	14	Aberystwith	14	Tregaron	13	222	976
56	Aber Bechan	to	Montgomery	Newtown	2	Montgomery	7	Welsh Pool	11	178	...
52	Abercwhiler	to	Denbigh	Denbigh	4	St. Asaph	3	Caerwys	4	208	487
54	Aberavon [C]	bo. & pa	Glamorgan	Neath	6	Bridgend	14	Swansea	11	192	572
48	Aberbaidon	am	Brecknock	Abergavenny	5	Crickhowel	3	Brecon	14	148	1781
50	Aberconway [D]	m.t.	Caernarvon	Bangor	15	Llanrwst	12	Caernarvon	24	236	1245

[A] ABBOTTS LANGLEY. Before the Conquest, and till the dissolution of the monasteries, this place was in the possession of the abbots of St. Albans. About the time of Henry I., Nicholas Breakspear, Englishman made Pope. a native of this place, was advanced to the rank of cardinal, and at length became pope, by the title of Adrian IV.; being the only Englishman that ever attained that dignity. He died, not without suspicion of poison, in 1158.

[B] ABER (which signifies the mouth of a river, port, or harbour) is situated on the river Gwyngregyr, which here discharges itself into the Irish Sea. The native Welsh princes had a palace at this place, some remains of which are shewn as the residence of Llewelyn ap Ferry to Anglesea. Griffith. It is one of the ferries to Anglesea, and a convenient place from which to visit the formidable Penmaen Mawr mountain. The passage from hence across the Laven Sands to Beaumaris is by no means safe, as the sands frequently shift; but the large bell of this Laven sands dangerous. The bell constantly tolled in foggy weather. village is constantly rung in foggy weather, in the hope that its sound may serve to direct those whom imperious necessity obliges to cross under all disadvantages. Two miles from this pleasing village, following the banks of the stream, which flows through highly picturesque scenery, there is a most romantic glen, and a very fine waterfall; the upper part Romantic glen, and waterfall. of this cataract is sometimes broken into three or four divisions, by the rugged force of the impending cliff, but the lower one forms a broad sheet, and descends about sixty feet, in a very grand style.

Mail arrives 3.15 A.M., departs 9.32 P.M.—Inn, Bull.

[C] ABERAVON is situated at the mouth of the river Avon, on Swansea Bay, and has a harbour for small vessels. Although no charter exists for a market, one has been held here, more than a century past. There is a ridiculous belief, amongst the people of this place, that every Christmas Day, and that day alone, a large salmon presents himself Singular account of a Salmon. in the river, and allows himself to be caught and handled by any one who chooses; but it would be considered an act of impiety to detain him.

Fair, April 30.

[D] ABERCONWAY is an ancient fortified town, beautifully situated upon the estuary of the river Conway. The town is nearly of a triangular shape, and is thought by some to have been the Conovium of The Conovium of the Romans. the Romans. The annals of this place commence no earlier than with the history of its castle, which was erected in 1284, by command of Edward I., as a security against the insurrections of the Welsh. Soon after its erection, the royal founder was besieged in it, and the garrison almost reduced by famine to surrender, when they were extricated by the arrival of a fleet with provision. At the commencement of the civil wars, it was garrisoned on behalf of the king, by Dr. John Williams, Archbishop of York. In 1645 he gave the government of the castle to his nephew, William Hookes. Two years after, Prince Rupert superseded the Archbishop in the command of North Wales. He endeavoured to obtain redress from the king, but failed. Enraged at this injury, he joined Mytton, and assisted in the reduction of the place. The town was taken by storm, August 15, 1646, but the castle did not Town taken by storm, in 1646. surrender till November 10. This fortress remained in tranquillity till a grant was made of it, by King Charles, to the Earl of Conway and Kilulta; when he had scarcely obtained possession, before he ordered an agent to remove the timber, iron, lead, and other materials. It was held on lease, by Owen Holland, Esq. from the crown, at an annual rent of six shillings and eightpence, and a dish of fish to Lord Holland, as Curious tenure—6s. 8d. and a dish of fish. often as he passed through the town. Thus, unprotected, it has suffered material injuries from wind and weather, and is reduced to a state of rapid decay. The ruins are remarkably picturesque, and very extensive. The town was surrounded by high massive walls, twelve feet thick, strengthened at intervals by twenty-four circular and semi-circular towers; these, with the four principal gateways, remain in tolerable preservation. There are scarcely any remains of the Cistercian Cistercian Abbey, founded by Llewelyn ap Jorwerth in 1185. Abbey, founded by Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, in 1185. The church contains a few modern monuments, belonging to the family of the Wynnes, formerly of this place. The font appears ancient; it is composed of black marble, curiously carved, and supported by a cluster of pilasters, standing upon a pedestal. In Castle Street is a very old house, called the college, which has a singular window, decorated with several coats of arms of the Stanley family. A day school is also kept in an ancient mansion, called Plas Mawr, situated near the market place, which was erected in 1585, by Robert Wynne, Esq. of Gwyder. The river Conway rises out of Llyn Conway, at the south extremity of the county, in the mountains of Penmachno. The ferry is of importance, as it lies upon one of the great roads from London to Ireland, but is justly considered a dangerous The ferry considered dangerous; loss of the Irish mail and 14 passengers, in 1806. passage, and many are the accidents which have occurred. On Christmas Day, 1806, the boat conveying the Irish mail coach, was lost, and all the passengers, including the coachman and guard, were drowned, except two. At the Ferry-house a noble bay is formed where the tide enters the river. In this view, indeed, there are all the ingredients of a sublime and beautiful landscape. Few rivers, in England or Wales, in so short a course as twenty-nine miles, present so great a variety of beautiful scenery. Below Luna Hall, the falls of the Conway exhibit Falls of the Conway present a noble cataract, shooting from a solid rock. a noble cataract, about fifty feet; the stream of water, shooting directly from one aperture in the solid rock to a considerable distance, descends into a rocky basin, surrounded by hanging woods. One mile below this town, at Trefriw, the river becomes navigable, and contributes to the supply of the surrounding county. In Conway town there still exists Pearl fishery and suspension bridge. a pearl fishery, and a chain suspension bridge has been recently erected in lieu of a dangerous ferry. The vale of Conway teems with interesting objects. Upon the west side is the abrupt termination of the Snowdon chain, down the declivities of which, through innumerable chasms, fissures, and channels, rush the superfluous waters of the lakes above, to mingle with the parent ocean. The principal employment of the poor, in this neighbourhood, is gathering the different species of fuci, commonly Manufactory of barilla. called sea-wreck, thrown up by the tide, or growing upon the breakers. This wreck they put into a kind of square fireplace, made upon the sand, and heat it till it becomes a liquid and forms a cake; when further baked or burnt it resembles cinders, and is called barilla or impure fossil alkali; in this state it is sold to manufacturers of soap and glass.

Market, Friday.—Fairs, March 26, April 30, June 20, August 19, September 16, October 20, and November 15.—Inns, Harp, Bull's Head, and White Lien.—Mail arrives 2 A.M., departs 10¾ P.M.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
54	Aberdare[A]	pa	Glamorg	Mer. Tydvil	6	Bridgend	18	Brecon	20	182	3961
50	Aberdaron	pa	Caernarvon	Pwllheli	16	Nevin	16	Bardsey Isle	5	258	1389
54	Aberddaw, East	ham	Glamorg	Cowbridge	5	Bridgend	10	Llandaff	12	179	...
55	Aberdyfi	to	Merion	Aberystwith	9	Towyn	5	Machynlleth	9	217	...
58	Aberedwy[B]	pa	Radnor	Builth	4	Hay	12	Radnor	13	169	344
56	Abererch	pa	Caernarvon	Pwllheli	3	Crickieth	8	Nevin	8	234	1365
45	Aberford[C]	m.t. & pa	W.R. York	Tadcaster	6	Leeds	8	Ferry Bridge	9	186	925
47	Aberffraw	pa	Anglesea	Bangor	17	Newborough	6	Holyhead	12	258	1367
26	Abergavenny[D]	m.t. & pa	Monmouth	Monmouth	17	Crickhowell	7	Usk	9	145	4230

[A] ABERDARE. Fairs, for cattle, April 19, Whit-Monday, November 14.

[B] ABEREDWY. This delightful village derived its name from its situation, near the junction of the River Wye and Edwy. Nothing in nature can exceed the beauty of the neighbouring scenery. The Edwy descends through lofty walls of rock; in some places, broken into crags, which frightfully overhang the abyss. Near the place are the ruins of a castle, the retreat of the last native Welsh Prince, Llewelyn ap Ruined castle—the retreat of Llewelyn, the last native Prince of Wales. Gruffydd. The object of Llewelyn's journey to Aberedwy was to consult the chief persons of the district, upon the best means of successfully opposing the King of England, then invading Wales. On his arrival he found himself disappointed. Instead of meeting with friends, he was surrounded by the enemy. Edmund Mortimer and John Gyfford, acquainted with his route, marched from Herefordshire, with their troops to meet him. The enemy were numerous—resistance was in vain—Llewelyn withdrew to Builth. The mountains being covered with snow, he caused the shoes of his horse to be reversed, in order to His horses shoes reversed. baffle pursuit, but the treacherous smith betrayed him. Llewelyn broke down the bridge of Builth, but was closely followed by the English forces, who fruitlessly attempted to gain it. Sir Elias Walwyn Betrayed by his smith. crossed the river, with a detachment, about eight miles below, at a place called Little Tom's Ferry Boat, and coming unexpectedly on the Welsh army, routed them. Llewelyn himself was attacked and slain, unarmed, in a narrow valley, not two hundred yards from the scene of action. Adam Francton, the murderer of Llewelyn, took no notice of His army routed, and himself slain. his victim, but joined in the pursuit of the Welsh. Returning with the view of plundering the slain, he discovered the wounded person was no other than the Prince of Wales; for on stripping him, he found a letter in cipher and his privy seal. The brutal Francton, overjoyed that the Welsh prince had fallen into his hands, cut off his head, and sent His head sent to the King of England. it to the King of England, and thus perished the last native Prince of Wales.

[C] ABERFORD is situated upon the River Cock, on the great northern road, on the banks of which river was fought the famous battle of Towton, in 1461, so called from a village in the vicinity. The town consists of a long straggling street, in the north of which are the remains of a Norman Here the famous battle of Towton was fought. fortification, called Castle Carey; and the whole is in the line of the ancient Roman road. This town is curiously situated, as respects township: the west side is in Aberford-cum-Parlington; the east of the same end is Lotherton-cum-Aberford, and the north of the river is Aberford alone.

Mail arrives 4.11 P.M., departs 8.46 A.M.—Inn, Swan.

[D] ABERGAVENNY, (the ancient Gobanium of the Romans,) and its Gobanium of the Romans. environs, have strong claims to the traveller's attention. Its castle and delightful terrace overlook the rich vale of Usk; its church, abounding in costly sculptured tombs, its beautifully variegated mountains, all conspire to render this place particularly attractive. This town was once fortified, and many portions of the work remain, particularly Tudor's Gate. Tudor's Gate. The western entrance is furnished with two portcullises, and remarkable for the beautifully composed landscape seen through it. The style of building which forms the remains of this fortress marks its origin to have been subsequent to the Norman epoch. Excursions are frequently made to Blaenavon Iron Works, about six miles distant, Blaenavon Iron Works. 4000 men employed. which employ upwards of four thousand men. The mountainous territory containing these mineral treasures of iron, was demised by the crown to the Earl of Abergavenny, and is held under a lease by Hill and Co. A principal excursion from Abergavenny is that which leads northwards to Llanthony Abbey, a majestic ruin, seated in Llanthony Abbey, a majestic ruin in the black mountains. a deep recess of the black mountains, at the very extremity of Monmouthshire. Abergavenny is a place of much resort, being the thoroughfare from the west of Wales to Bath, Bristol, and Gloucestershire. Its principal manufacture is flannel, and its annual fairs for cattle are well attended.

Mail arrives 2 P.M., departs 11 A.M.—Inns, Angel, and Greyhound.—Bankers, Hill and Co., draw upon Esdaile and Co.,—Jones and Co., draw upon Williams and Co.—Fairs, May 14, lean cattle and sheep; 1st Monday after Trinity, linen and woollen cloths; September 25, horses, hogs, and flannel.—Market Tuesday.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
26	Abergavenny	hun	Monmouth								30818
52	Abergele	m.t. & pa	Denbigh	St. Asaph	7	Holywell	17	Aberconway	12	224	2506
49	Abergorlech	chap	Caermar	Llandilo Var	7	Lampeter	9	Caermar	14	209
49	Abergwilley	to & pa	Caermar	Caermar	2	Llandilo Var	15	Newcastle	16	214	2675
56	Aberhafesp	pa	Montgomery	Newton	3	Llanydloes	11	Llanfair	10	180	535
56	Aberhaly	to	Montgomery	Llanfair	6	Newton	5	Montgomery	10	180
49	Abermarles	to	Caermar	Llandovery	7	Llangadock	3	Lampeter	14	198
48	Aberlyfni	ham	Brecknock	Hay	4	Brecon	11	Builth	12	160	100
49	Abernant	pa	Caermar	Caermar	4	Llaugharne	10	Newcastle	11	222	654
54	Aberpergwm	chap	Glamorg	Neath	10	Brecon	20	Merthyr Tyd	13	188
56	Aber-Rhiw	pa	Montgomery	Welsh Pool	5	Montgomery	4	Newtown	9	172	2429
51	Aber-Porth	pa	Cardigan	Cardigan	7	Newcastle	9	Lampeter	24	235	485
48	Aberyskir	pa	Brecknock	Brecon	4	Llandovery	16	Builth	14	173	110
51	Aberystwith[A]	m.t. & pa	Cardigan	Tregaron	15	Machynlleth	18	Aberllelwyn	5	208	4128
26	Aberystwith	pa & chap	Monmouth	Abergaven	7	Crickhowell	7	Pontypool	8	153	5992
4	Abingdon[B]	m.t.	Berks	Oxford	6	Wallingford	11	Wantage	10	56	5259

[A] ABERYSTWITH, a market town and seaport in the hundred of Glenaur Glynn, and also a township in the parish of Llanbadarn Vawr. It is situated at the confluence of the rivers Ystwith and Rhyddol, at which the former falls into the sea in the bay of Cardigan. The building of a castle, of which some vestiges remain, is attributed to Edward I. It stands on a craggy eminence projecting into the sea at the west of the town, and affords a magnificent view of the whole line of Welsh coast within the bay of Cardigan. The streets are steep and uneven.—The houses, which are principally formed of dark slate, present a very singular appearance. For some years past its celebrity, as a summer retreat and bathing-place, has been annually increasing, which is greatly Fine bathing place. contributed to by the beauty of the neighbourhood, and the commanding prospects around. The roads to it have been made excellent, and the customary amusements of plays and assemblies during the season add to the attractions for summer visitants. There was formerly a herring fishery, and the practice of fishing is still carried on with considerable advantage by the natives. About seven miles north of Aberystwith, on the sea coast, a considerable extent of land, has, by drainage, been Twelve miles of embankment. recovered; twelve miles of embankment have been formed; and two navigable cuts, with a road of three miles and a stone bridge completed.

Mail arrives 7 A.M. departs 5 P.M.—Fairs, 1st Monday in May and November, chiefly for hiring servants.—Bankers, W. Davis and Co., draw on Esdaile and Co.—Inns, Gogerddon Arms, Old Lion, and Talbot.—Markets, Monday and Saturday.

[B] ABINGDON, at the very edge of the county of Berkshire, was called Shovesham, by the Anglo-Saxons, until the foundation of the Monastery of Benedictine monks. abbey, from which period it began to assume the name of Abbandeen, or the Town of the Abbey. This monastery, the monks of which were Benedictines, was founded by Cissa, an Anglo-Saxon monarch, in 675. During the reign of Alfred it was demolished by the Danes, and remained in ruins till King Edgar partly restored it, in 954. Ethelwold, the abbot at that time, erected and embellished the church, and his successors contributed to its increase. After the Conquest, the wealth and grandeur of the abbey were equal to any similar foundation in England. William the Conqueror kept Easter in the abbey, A.D. 1084; William the Conqueror kept Easter, and his son was educated here. Jeffery of Monmouth buried in the abbey. and here was educated his youngest son, Henry, surnamed Beauclerc, afterwards King Henry I., in whose reign, one of the most eminent characters who received sepulture within the abbey, was the celebrated Jeffery of Monmouth, author of the British History,—a work, from which some of our best poets have derived materials for their sublime compositions. Shakspeare's Lear, and Milton's Comus, were both supplied from Jeffery's history. He flourished in the reign of Henry I. Among the natives of Abingdon, whose talents have rendered their possessors eminent, was Sir John Mason, a statesman of the sixteenth century. His memory is the more worthy to be revered, because, from a very obscure origin, his genius and perseverance Sir J. Mason, born here—his father a cow-herd. advanced him to the rank of privy-counsellor, ambassador to France, and chancellor of the University of Oxford. His father was a cow-herd and his mother, sister to one of the abbey monks, who attended to his early tuition, and sent him to Oxford, where he became a fellow of All Souls' college. While in this situation, the liveliness of his temper occasioned him to be chosen to compliment Henry VIII. on his visit to the University, in the year 1523, which being executed in a most graceful manner, engaged the favour of the monarch, who promoted him to the honourable offices above-mentioned. He died in 1566, and was buried in St. Paul's cathedral.

Mail arrives 2.49 A.M., departs 12.10 A.M.—Fairs, 1st Monday in Lent, May 6, June 20, August 6, September 19, cattle; Monday before Old Michaelmas, statute, and December 11, horses and cattle.—Bankers, Knapp and Co., draw on Williams and Co.—Inns, Crown and Thistle, and Queen's Arms.—Markets, Monday and Friday.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
37	Abinger	pa	Surrey	Dorking	4	Guildford	10	Ockley	5	27	767
15	Abinghall	pa	Gloucester	Newnham	6	Mitchel Dean	1	Monmouth	12	118	235
28	Abington	pa	Northam	Northam	2	Wellingboro	9	Moulton	3	67	155
6	Abington,Gt.& Lit.	pa	Cambridge	Linton	3	Cambridge	9	Newmarket	12	50	594
6	Abington in the Clay	pa	Cambridge	Royston	5	Potton	7	Cambridge	15	42	259
23	Ab Kettleby	pa	Leicester	Melton Mow	3	Leicester	16	Loughboro	13	108	331
15	Ablington	ti	Gloucester	Fairford	5	Cirencester	7	Northleach	7	85	103
10	Abney	ham	Derby	Tideswell	5	Sheffield	14	Chapel-Frith	8	164	112
49	Above Sawdde	ham	Caermar	Llangadock	1	Llandovery	7	Llandilo Var	8	195	803
22	Above Town	div	Lancashire	Garstang	11	Burton	11	KirkbyLons	15	240	591
22	Abram	to	Lancashire	Wigan	4	Bolton	9	Chorley	11	197	511
15	Abson with Wick	chap	Gloucester	Bristol	8	Sodbury	5	Marshfield	4	107	824
21	Abthorp	chap	Northam	Towcester	3	Brackley	9	Banbury	15	63	477
54	Aburthin	pa	Glamorg	Llantrissant	8	Bridgend	7	Cowbridge	1	173	...
24	Aby	pa	Lincoln	Alford	2	Louth	9	Horncastle	12	142	204
46	Acaster Malbis	pa	W.R. York	York	4	Selby	8	Tadcaster	8	190	707
46	Acaster Selby	to	W.R. York	...	5	...	7	...	8	190	201
22	Accrington, New	to	Lancaster	Blackburn	4	Haslingden	5	Burnley	8	208	4960
22	Accrington, Old	chap	Lancaster	...	6	...	4	...	6	208	1323
30	Achurch	pa	Northam	Thrapston	4	Oundle	4	Kettering	12	73	239
43	Acklam	pa	N.R. York	New Malton	6	Gt. Driffield	15	York	14	210	827
44	Acklam	chap	N.R. York	Yarm	5	Stockton	3	Guisboro	9	244	371
28	Acklington	to	Northum	Alnwick	8	Morpeth	13	Rothbury	13	300	285
45	Ackton	to	W.R. York	Pontefract	3	Wakefield	5	Leeds	9	174	51
45	Ackworth[A]	pa	W.R. York	...	3	...	7	...	11	174	1660

[A] ACKWORTH is a parish and township, in the upper division of Osgold Cross Wapentake, nominally divided into higher and lower Quakers' school. Ackworth. It is celebrated for its Quakers' School, which was purchased in 1777, with eighty-five acres of land, from the trustees of the Foundling Hospital, and rendered a seminary for the children of the more humble class of Friends. The number of pupils, is one hundred and eighty boys, and one hundred and twenty girls.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
27	Acle[A]	m. t. & pa	Norfolk	Norwich	11	Yarmouth	9	Loddon	8	121	820
45	Acomb	pa	W.R. York	York	2	Wetherby	10	New Malton	20	201	882
29	Acomb East	to	Northumb	Corbridge	15	Aldston Moor	9	Hexham	11	275	36
29	Acomb West	to	Northumb	...	5	...	18	...	3	275	523
17	Aconbury[B]	chap	Hereford	Hereford	4	Ross	9	Ledbury	14	130	163
21	Acrise	pa	Kent	Folkstone	4	Dover	8	Canterbury	11	67	194
7	Acton	to & pa	Chester	Nantwich	2	Tarporley	9	Middlewich	11	166	3928
7	Acton	to	Chester	Northwich	4	Frodsham	7	Chester	15	177	309
52	Acton	to	Denbigh	Wrexham	1	Holt	5	...	9	190	215
25	Acton	pa	Middlesex	Harrow	8	Brentford	3	Uxbridge	10	5	2453
29	Acton	to	Northumb	Alnwick	8	Rothbury	8	Morpeth	10	300	91
36	Acton	pa	Suffolk	Lavenham	3	Sudbury	3	Bildeston	8	57	565
42	Acton Beauchamp	pa	Worcester	Bromyard	4	Worcester	11	Ledbury	10	122	239
33	Acton Burnell[C]	to & pa	Salop	Wenlock	7	Shrewsbury	7	Ch. Stretton	7	155	381

[A] ACLE. Market, Thursday.—Fair, Wednesday before Michaelmas day.

[B] ACONBURY. At this place a nunnery of the order of St. Augustine was founded by Margery, wife of Walter de Lacey, in the reign Nunnery. of King John. The Cliffords were large benefactors to this house, which, at the dissolution, possessed £75. 7s. 6d. per annum. There are some remains yet standing, occupied as a farm house. On the summit of Aconbury Hill, a bold and extensive eminence, well wooded, and commanding a charming view over the adjacent county, are traces of a large encampment.

[C] ACTON BURNELL is celebrated for the remains of an ancient castle, founded by Robert Burnell, bishop of Bath and Wells, a man of eminent abilities, first treasurer, and afterwards chancellor of England, who was much employed by King Edward I. in Welsh affairs. He died at Berwick, in 1292, and was buried in the cathedral at Wells. The castle is a quadrangular building, with a square tower at each corner. The hall in which King Edward I. held his parliament, in 1283, was Edward I. held his parliament here in 1283. 183 feet long, by 41 broad, but the gable ends only remain. The Statutum de Mercatoribus enacted here, is from that circumstance better known as the Statute of Acton Burnell. The successor of the bishop, at the castle, was Sir Edward Burnell, son of Philip Burnell and Maud, daughter of Richard Arundel. He served in many actions in Scotland, under Edward I., and always appeared in great splendour, attended by a chariot decked with banners of his arms. He was summoned to parliament from the fifth to the eighth year of Edward the second's reign, and died in 1315. In 1346, the castle came into the possession of Nicholas Lord Burnell, who died in 1382, and is buried in the church under an altar tomb, inlaid with his effigy in brass. In the reign of Henry VI. the Lovell Lord Burnell's effigy in brass on the altar tomb. family were in possession of this estate, which was forfeited by Lord Lovell, in consequence of his adherence to King Richard III. Henry VII. being seated on the throne, granted Acton Burnell, together with other estates in this county, to Jasper Tudor, Earl of Bedford; after whose death it reverted to the crown, and Henry VIII. granted it to Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, distinguished for his valour at the battle of Flodden. Sir Humphrey Lee, of Langley, in this parish, was created a baronet, May 3, 1620. Acton Burnell Park is now the residence of Sir Edward Joseph Smythe, Bart. whose family have been seated here from the time of Charles II., when Sir Edward Smythe, of Esh, in Durham, The seat of Sir E.J. Smythe. created a baronet, Feb. 23, 1660, married the daughter and heiress of Sir Richard Lee, Bart. of Langley. The mansion, on a verdant lawn, bordered by a shrubbery, presents a handsome elevation of fine white stone, having a noble Ionic portico, under which is the carriage entrance. Behind the house is the deer park, on a finely wooded eminence, affording one of the most beautiful prospects in the county. The chapelry of Ruckley and Langley is in this parish.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
7	Acton Grange	to	Chester	Warrington	4	Northwich	10	Runcorn	5	183	148
15	Acton Iron	pa	Gloucester	Chip. Sodbu	2	Thornbury	7	Bristol	9	112	1372
33	Acton Pigott	chap	Salop	Much Wenlo	6	Shrewsbury	8	Ch. Stretton	9	154	...
33	Acton Reynold	to	Salop	Shrewsbury	8	Wem	6	Drayton	12	152	173
33	Acton Round	chap	Salop	Wenlock	3	Bridgenorth	6	Ludlow	17	145	203
33	Acton Scott	pa	Salop	Ch. Stretton	4	Bish. Castle	10	Ludlow	10	155	204
35	Acton Trussell	to & pa	Stafford	Penkridge	3	Stafford	4	Lichfield	15	131	551
15	Acton Turville	chap	Gloucester	Tetbury	11	Chippenham	12	Sodbury	5	102	236
35	Adbaston	pa	Stafford	Eccleshall	14	Newport	5	Hodnet	7	152	601
31	Adderbury East	to & pa	Oxford	Banbury	3	Deddington	3	Aynhoe	4	70	2471
33	Adderley	pa	Salop	Drayton	4	Whitchurch	8	Wem	12	157	468
29	Adderston	to	Northumb	Beiford	3	Alnwick	12	Wooler	10	319	322
17	Adforton	to	Hereford	Ludlow	8	Presteign	8	Knighton	8	150	218
9	Addingham	pa	Cumberland	Kirk Oswald	2	Penrith	8	Aldstn Moor	12	291	719
45	Addingham	pa	W.R. York	Skipton	5	Ottley	8	Keighley	5	213	2251
37	Addington[A]	pa	Surrey	Croydon	4	Westerham	10	Bromley	5	12	463
5	Addington	pa	Bucks	Winslow	2	Buckingham	5	Bicester	11	50	74
21	Addington	pa	Kent	Maidstone	7	Rochester	8	Wrotham	3	27	206
28	Addington, Gt	to & pa	Northamp	Thrapston	4	Kettering	7	Higam Ferrers	5	70	282
28	Addington, Lit	to & pa	Northamp	...	5	...	8	...	5	70	264
21	Addisham	pa	Kent	Wingham	3	Canterbury	6	Sandwich	6	62	390
45	Addle[B]	to & pa	W.R. York	Leeds	5	Ottley	6	Bradford	8	205	1063
46	Addle-cum-Eccup	to	W.R. York	...	5	...	6	...	8	291	703
45	Addlingfleet[C]	pa	W.R. York	Snaith	11	Burton	2	Howden	6	170	478

[A] ADDINGTON is on the borders of Kent. Addington Place, a seat erected by Alderman Trecothick, in 1772, was purchased in 1807, for the residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury. The manor of Addington is held by the feudal service of finding a man to make a mess, called Gerout, in the king's kitchen, at the coronation, and serving it up in Coronation custom. his own person at Westminster Hall. In the reign of William the Conqueror, Addington appears to have been held by Tezelin, cook to the king, which accounts for the origin of the required culinary service. The Archbishop of Canterbury is now the claimant of the service alluded to. Near the village is a curious cluster of tumuli, or mounds Cluster of tumuli. of earth raised over the bodies of the slain, about twenty-five in number, of inconsiderable height. One of them is nearly forty feet in diameter, two are about half that size, and the rest very small.

[B] ADDLE. The church in this town is considered to be one of the most perfect specimens of Roman architecture remaining in England. In 1702, the traces of an ancient Roman town, with fragments of urns, Roman architecture. and of an aqueduct of stone were found in the adjacent moor.

[C] ADDLINGFLEET. A parish and township in the lower division of Osgold Cross, including the townships of Fockerby, Haldenby, and Eastoft. The village is situated very near the junction of the Trent with the Humber, the latter river being one of the largest in the kingdom, formed by the united waters of the Trent, Ouse, Derwent, Aire, and other minor streams. At this part it is about a mile broad, it is the Abus of Ptolemy. It runs towards the east, washing the port of Hull, where it receives the river called by the same name; from thence, taking a south-easterly direction, it expands itself into Boundary between Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. an estuary nearly seven miles across, and mingles with the German ocean. This river, which, with very few exceptions, receives all the waters of Yorkshire from the Ouse, and the greater part of those from the midland counties from the Trent, commands the inland navigation of very extensive and commercial parts of England; namely, those of the Mersey, Dee, Ribble, Severn, Thames, and Avon; it also forms the boundary between Yorkshire and Lincolnshire.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
7	Adlington	to	Cheshire	Macclesfield	6	Stockport	6	Altringham	10	172	1066
22	Adlington[A]	to	Lancaster	Wigan	4	Chorley	4	Bolton	9	264	1082
24	Addlethorpe	to & pa	Lincoln	Alford	7	Spilsby	11	Wainfleet	9	134	176
15	Adlestrop	pa	Gloucester	Stow	4	Burford	11	Moreton	6	86	196
22	Admarsh	chap	Lancaster	Burton	11	Kirkby Lon	15	Garstang	12	240	...
5	Adstock	pa	Bucks	Winslow	3	Buckingham	4	Bicester	11	52	445
28	Adstone	ham	Northamp	Towcester	7	Daventry	8	Brackley	10	67	166
8	Advent	chap	Cornwall	Camelford	2	Bodmin	10	Launceston	15	230	246
45	Adwalton[B]	ham	W.R. York	Bradford	4	Leeds	7	Huddersfield	8	192	...
31	Adwell	pa	Oxford	Tetsworth	2	Thame	5	Watlington	4	41	48
45	Adwick-on-Dearne	ch	W.R. York	Rotherham	6	Barnsley	8	Doncaster	7	167	145
45	Adwick	pa & to	W.R. York	Doncaster	4	Thorne	10	Pontefract	9	166	918
12	Aff-Piddle	pa	Dorset	Dorchester	9	Bere Regis	4	Blandford	12	111	442
7	Agden	to	Chester	Malpas	3	Whitchurch	3	Nantwich	11	177	104
7	Agden	to	Chester	Knutsford	6	Warrington	10	Altringham	1	179	99
43	Agelthorpe	to	N.R. York	Middleham	3	Bedale	6	Masham	4	226	188
8	Agnes, St[C]	cha	Cornwall	Truro	9	Redruth	7	Falmouth	14	256	6642

[A] ADLINGTON. Through this township runs the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. It contains several coal mines. Adlington Hall, the seat Seat of Sir. Robert Clayton, Bart. of Sir Robert Clayton, Bart., was rebuilt about 1780; it stands in a low situation, on the borders of an extensive park, and contains some very good pictures, amongst which is a head of Charles I., taken after death. Ellerbeck Hall is the seat of John Hodson, Esq. In this neighbourhood is Park Hall, the seat of R.P. German, Esq. The inhabitants of Adlington are chiefly employed in the cotton manufactories of the vicinity.

[B] ADWALTON formerly possessed a market which is now disused. On Adwalton Moor, a battle was fought, in 1642, between Battle fought here in 1642. the Earl of Newcastle, commanding for the king, and the parliamentary general, Lord Fairfax, in which the latter was defeated.

Fairs, February 6, March 9, Easter Thursday, Thursday fortnight after Easter, Whit-Thursday; and every second Thursday thence to Michaelmas, for lean cattle; November 5, and December 23.

[C] St. AGNES is situated on the Bristol Channel. The town and parish, including a considerable mining district, is thickly strewed with the cottages of the miners. It is more frequently called Lighthouse Very high and strong light-house. Island, from a very high and strong light-house erected here, to warn the mariner from the rocks, which are more numerous about this than any other of the Scilly Islands. This building is upwards of sixty feet high, and stands on the most elevated ground. The light is produced by twenty-one parabolic reflectors of copper, plated with silver, and having each an argand lamp in its focus. The reflectors are disposed of in three clusters, of seven in each cluster, and the frame in which they are fixed stands perpendicularly to the horizon, on a shaft united to a machine below, which makes the whole revolve every two minutes. By this motion the light progressively sweeps the whole horizon; and by its gradual intermission and increase, it is readily distinguished from any other. Its brilliancy is also extraordinary; and by these combined efforts its benefits are greatly increased, as the seaman is at once rendered completely sensible of his situation. This light was designed by the ingenious Mr. Adam Walker, (lecturer on natural and experimental philosophy,) under whose inspection it was constructed. The light-house itself is of stone, and was erected, as appears from an inscription over the door, by Captain Hugh Till, and Captain Simon Bayley, in the year 1680. The charges attending the light are defrayed by the Trinity House. At St. Agnes is a pilchard St. Agnes' beacon. fishery. St. Agnes' Beacon, six hundred and sixty-four feet above the level of the sea, is formed out of an ancient cairn, or tumulus of stones; near which, a summer-house has been built, from whence is a fine view of St. Ives, and an extensive sea prospect. Near the same spot is St. Agnes' Well, of which many miraculous stories are in circulation, from its presumed holy and sanative properties.

This place gave birth to John Opie, whose persevering genius Birthplace of John Opie, the painter. advanced him to the highest rank in his profession. He was born at Harmony Cot, in May 1761. The opening years of his existence indicated that he must plod through life in the dull occupation of a carpenter, as successor to his father and grandfather. He distinguished himself at a very early period, for originality and strength of mind, and at twelve years of age commenced an evening school in St. Agnes, teaching arithmetic and writing, and reckoning amongst his scholars some who had nearly doubled his years. His first humble attempts at First attempts at portrait painting. portrait painting were with a smutty stick, against the white-washed wall of his paternal cottage, where he exhibited, in dark colours, very striking likenesses of the whole family. His next step was to draw with ochre on cartridge paper. He was apprenticed to his father, but from some unascertainable cause was turned over to a sawyer; and it was literally in the bottom of a saw-pit that Dr. Walcot, better known by the appellation of Peter Pindar, (who had previously seen and admired some of Opie's rude drawings,) first beheld this untutored Genius fostered by Dr. Walcot. child of genius, under whose patronage he was protected, and his fame promoted. After visiting Exeter, (where he was persuaded to change his surname, which originally was Hoppy, to that of Opie,) finding his success was commensurate with his abilities, it was soon determined they should be brought to act in a wider sphere; and, in 1780, the Doctor and his pupil repaired to London, where not agreeing as to the mode of living together, they separated, and although their attachment had been cemented by long-continued kindness, subsequently to Anecdotes of Opie. this period, yet they were never after cordially united. The opinion Opie entertained of the services which he had received from the Doctor, may be gathered from the following curious note of hand, which was said to be in the possession of the latter: "I promise to paint, for Dr. Walcot, any picture or pictures, he may demand, as long as I live; otherwise, I desire the world will consider me as a ... ungrateful son of a ..., John Opie." It is not certain that he ever deviated from this voluntary obligation, but it is matter of pleasant remark, that he always made his friend pay eighteen-pence for the canvass! Opie was as fortunate in Introduction to the King. London as he had been at Exeter. To Pindar, however, he was indebted for his introduction to public notice. Through him his pictures were shown to Mrs. Boscawen, by whom Opie was introduced to the late Mrs. Delaney, who procured for him the notice of King George III. An opportunity was contrived for the royal family to see his picture of the The Old Beggar Man; soon after which, Opie was honoured with a command to repair to Buckingham House. The artist's account of this interview was given in the following characteristical manner to Walcot, who has often been heard to relate it with great humour. "There was Mr. West," said Opie, "in the room, Opie's relation of his interview with royalty. and another gentleman. First, her majesty came in; and I made a sad mistake in respect to her, till I saw her face, and discovered by her features that she was the queen. In a few minutes his majesty came hopping in. I suppose," said Opie, "because he did not wish to frighten me. He looked at the pictures and liked them; but he whispered to Mr. West—'tell the young man I can only pay a gentleman's Royal economy. price for them.'" The picture which his majesty bought was that of A Man Struck by Lightning. The price given was £10, with which Opie returned to the Doctor full of spirits. His friend, when he heard the story, said, "Why, John, thou hast only got £8. for thy picture." "Indeed, but I have though," cried Opie, "for I have got the £10. safe in my pocket." On this he showed him the money. "Aye," rejoined the Doctor, "but dost thou know his majesty has got the frame for nothing, and that is worth £2." "D—- it, so he has," cried Opie—"I'll go back and knock at the door, and ask for the frame; D—- it, I will." He was actually about to put his resolve into execution, till dissuaded by the Doctor. Popularity naturally followed this notice of royalty. The ladies, however, soon deserted him, as his likenesses were not flattering; for where Nature had been niggardly, Opie refused to be liberal. He afterwards became better acquainted with the art of pleasing them; a change which has been attributed to Mrs. Opie, who used to stand over him, and endeavour to make him sensible of the graces of the female form. It was in the year 1786, First known as an exhibitor at Somerset House, 1786. that Mr. Opie became known as an exhibitor at Somerset House; soon after which he aspired to academical honours, and ultimately attained the rank of Royal Academician, and afterwards succeeded Fuseli, in the professorship of painting. He was twice married, but at what period his first hymeneal union occurred we are not informed—it was inauspicious. His second marriage, which took place on May 8, 1798, was more fortunate; and in the society of the late Mrs. Opie, the amiable author of many beautiful and interesting literary compositions, he enjoyed a delightful relief from the toilsome duties of his profession. Mr. Opie was in the daily acquisition of wealth and fame, and rapidly advancing to the very zenith of popularity, when his mortal career was suddenly closed by death, on Thursday, April 9, 1807, in the Died in 1807. forty-sixth year of his age. "As a portrait painter he has great claims to praise, particularly in his men, which are firm, bold, and freely delineated, and occasionally well coloured. His women are heavy, inelegant, and chiefly accompanied with a hardness that destroys all beauty."

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
9	Aglionby	to	Cumberland	Carlisle	3	Brampton	6	Penrith	18	302	107
22	Aighton	to	Lancaster	Clitheroe	6	Blackburn	7	Preston	12	210	1980
43	Aikber	to	N.R. York	Middleham	5	Richmond	6	Bedale	4	234	43
46	Aike	to	E.R. York	Beverley	6	M. Weighton	9	Gt. Driffield	7	190	86
9	Aikton	to & pa	Cumberland	Wigton	4	Carlisle	9	Abbey-holm	7	309	753
24	Ailsby	pa	Lincolnshire	Gt. Grimsby	4	Caistor	9	Barton	15	165	...
28	Ailsworth	ham	Northamp	Peterboro	4	M. Deeping	9	Stamford	9	83	289
43	Ainderby Myers	to	N.R. York	Catterick	3	Richmond	4	Middleham	7	222	...
43	Ainderby Quernhow	to	N.R. York	Thirsk	6	Northallerton	8	Ripon	7	217	107
43	Ainderby Steeple	to & pa	N.R. York	Bedale	5	...	2	Darlington	12	223	802
9	Ainstable	pa	Cumberland	Penrith	11	Carlisle	11	Kirk Oswald	5	295	...
46	Ainstie	dis	W.R. York	...	...	...	...	...	...	199	8740
43	Aiskew	to	N.R. York	Bedale	1	Northallerton	6	Richmond	9	223	586
44	Aismondersly		W.R. York	Ripon	1	Aldborough	5	Masham	7	212	...
22	Ainsworth	to	Lancaster	Manchester	7	Bury	3	Bolton	8	189	1584
9	Ainthorn	to	Cumberland	Wigton	10	Carlisle	12	Gretna Green	8	315	203
22	Aintree	to	Lancaster	Liverpool	6	Ormskirk	8	Prescott	10	212	247
44	Airton	to	W.R. York	Settle	6	Skipton	6	Arnecliff	7	230	179
43	Airyholme	to	N.R. York	New Malton	7	York	16	Helmsley	6	223	...
43	Aisenby	to	N.R. York	Borobridge	6	Ripon	6	Thirsk	5	211	...
43	Aislaby	to & pa	N.R. York	Whitby	2	Scarboro	18	Pickering	15	237	402
13	Aislaby	to	Durham	Stockton	4	Darlington	11	Yarm	1	244	143
24	Aisthorpe	to & pa	Lincoln	Lincoln	7	Gainsboro	12	Kirton	12	140	89
29	Akeld	to	Northumb	Wooler	2	Coldstream	9	Kirk Newton	3	322	171
5	Akeley	to & pa	Bucks	Brackley	9	Buckingham	3	Sto. Stratford	6	59	291
36	Akenham	pa	Suffolk	Ipswich	4	Woodbridge	9	Needham	7	73	119
18	Albans, St[A]	bo & to	Herts	Watford	8	Dunstable	12	Hatfield	6	21	4772

[A] St. ALBANS is situated on the river Ver, or Muss, and consists of three parishes; parts of two of which, extend beyond the limits of the Originally the British metropolis. borough. It is said to have been the site of the ancient British metropolis of Cassibelanus, and is very near that of the ancient Roman Verulam, mentioned by Tacitus, being the same as the Saxon Watlingceaster, so called because seated on the road called Watling-street. It was here that Queen Boadicea made her celebrated assault on the Romans, and failed, after an immense slaughter of seventy thousand men. In 795, Offa, king of Mercia, erected an abbey here, in memory of St. Alban, the British protomartyr, who was born here in the third century. He served in the Roman army, but was converted to Christianity by a monk, named Amphilabus, and suffered during the Dioclesian persecution, A.D. 303. The abbey subsequently obtained great privileges, and became very rich, the revenues at the dissolution amounting to upwards of £2500. per annum. Monastic foundations had their origin in this country, about the time of St. Augustine, who came from Rome, to convert the Pagan Saxons to Christianity; and when Offa ascended the throne of Mercia, about twenty great monasteries had been founded in England, and about the same number of episcopal sees established. Offa's zeal prompted him to do what many of his crowned predecessors King Offa's extraordinary vision, which induced him to build the abbey. had done; but being undetermined whom to select as the patron saint of his establishment, it is recorded that, while at the city of Bath, an angel appeared to him in the silence of the night, desiring him to raise out of the earth the body of Alban, the first British martyr, and place his remains in a suitable shrine. Even the memory of Alban had been lost for three hundred and forty years; but the king assembling his clergy and people at Verulam, an active search was made for his body with prayer, fasting, and alms; when it is said a ray of light was seen by all to stand over the place of burial, similar to the star that conducted the magi to Bethlehem. The ground was therefore opened, and, in the presence of the king, the body of Alban was found. Offa is said to have placed a golden circle round the head of the St. Alban's body found after a lapse of 494 years; a golden circle placed round his head. deceased, with an inscription, to signify his name and title, and immediately caused the remains of the saint to be conveyed to a small chapel, without the walls of Verulam, as the town was then called, until a more noble edifice could be raised for its reception. This is said to have occurred on the 1st day of August, 791, four hundred and ninety-four years after the martyrdom of Alban. Offa afterwards made a journey to Rome, and obtained the desired privileges of his intended foundation, with great commendations for his zeal and piety, from the pope, when he undertook to build a stately church and monastery, to the memory of St. Alban. From this abbey the town originated, which early obtained considerable importance. The abbey church, which claims particular attention for its size, beauty, and antiquity, is constructed of Roman brick, to which age has given the appearance of stone. A stone screen, erected before the communion table, in 1461, is much admired for the richness and lightness of its sculpture. The tombs of the founder, Offa, and that of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, are shown here; and, not Duke of Gloucester's body found nearly entire. many years ago, the leaden coffin, containing the body of the latter, was opened, and the corpse found nearly entire. The Roman antiquities discovered on the site have been very numerous. The effect of the venerable abbey, when seen from a distance, is extremely imposing; situated upon an eminence, its massive towers rise majestically above the houses of the ancient town, which is well, known to have derived its first importance from the Romans, since which, it has increased chiefly under the protecting influence of successive abbots of this rich and powerful monastery. The prospect of its mouldering ruins, forces upon the mind a melancholy train of reflection on the instability of all human institutions.

Market, Saturday.—Fairs, March 25 and 26; October 10 and 11, for horses, cows, sheep, and hiring servants.—Inns, Angel, and White Hart.—Mail arrives 10.15 P.M. Departs 4.30 A.M.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
38	Albourn	pa	Sussex	Hurst	2	Brighton	8	Cuckfield	6	42	362
33	Albrighton	to & chap	Salop	Shrewsbury	4	Wem	7	Ellesmere	12	157	1054
33	Albrighton	pa	Salop	Shiffnall	6	Bridgnorth	10	Wolverhamp	7	137	98
27	Alburgh	pa	Norfolk	Harleston	3	Bungay	5	Norwich	16	103	586
31	Albury	pa	Oxford	Tetsworth	3	Thame	4	Wheatley	3	45	239
18	Albury	pa	Herts	Bp Stortford	5	Standon	4	Buntingford	7	35	631
37	Albury	pa	Surrey	Guildford	6	Dorking	7	Godalming	7	29	929
27	Alby	pa	Norfolk	Aylesham	6	Cromer	5	N. Walsham	6	126	346
12	Alcester	lib	Dorset	Shaftesbury	1	Sherborne	16	Salisbury	20	101	227
39	Alcester[A]	m.t.& pa	Warwick	Warwick	16	Stratford	8	Bromsgrove	12	103	2405
38	Alciston	pa	Sussex	Seaford	5	Hailsham	5	Lewes	7	64	266
19	Alconbury	pa	Hunts	Huntingdon	4	Kimbolton	8	Stilton	9	63	765
19	Alconbury Weston	chap	Hunts	...	5	...	8	...	8	63	441
27	Aldborough	pa	Norfolk	Aylesham	5	Cromer	6	Holt	9	126	275
43	Aldborough	to	N.R. York	Richmond	7	Darlington	5	Bernard Cas	10	240	522
46	Aldborough	to & pa	E.R. York	Hull	11	Hornsea	6	Hedon	6	185	620
45	Aldborough[B]	pa & to	W.R. York	York	18	Thirsk	10	Ripon	6	207	2447
41	Aldbourn[C]	to & pa	Wilts	Marlboro	7	Ramsbury	3	Swindon	8	73	1418
18	Aldbury	pa	Herts	Tring	3	Dunstable	7	Berkhampst	4	34	695
22	Aldcliffe	ham	Lancaster	Lancaster	2	Garstang	10	Kirk. Londs.	17	238	96
36	Aldeburgh[D]	m. t.	Suffolk	Orford	5	Saxmundha	7	Dunwich	10	94	1341

[A] ALCESTER is situated at the confluence of the two small rivers, Alne and Arrow, having a bridge over each. It is supposed to have been a Roman station; Roman coins, urns, and similar relics, A Roman station. having been frequently found here. The Roman way of Icknield Street also passed through it, and from its situation it is deemed the Alana of Richard of Cirencester. It was anciently a borough by prescription, Many relics of antiquity found. and of some note in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, when it became the property of the Beauchamps, and afterwards of the Grevilles. The church is a fine gothic structure; the market is well supplied with corn; and the manufacture of needles is very extensive. Here is a Free School, founded by Walter Newport, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and various alms-houses and small charities, originating in different benefactors. Traces of the site of Traces of an abbey founded by King Stephen. an abbey, founded in the reign of King Stephen, to the north of the town, are still visible.

Market, Tuesday.—Mail arrives 9½ A.M., departs 8½ P.M.—Inn, Angel.—Fairs, March 20, June 23, Tuesday before April 5, May 18, 2nd Tuesday in July, for cheese.

[B] ALDBOROUGH. Fair, September 4.

[C] ALDBOURN. Market, Tuesday.

[D] ALDEBURGH is pleasantly situated in the valley of Slaughton, and bounded on the eastern side by the sea, which has made considerable encroachments, and nearly washed a street away. The river Ald runs on the south side, and forms a convenient quay. The town is mean in construction, and chiefly inhabited by fishermen and seafaring people. Soles, lobsters, and other fish are abundant. It is remarkable as the birth-place of the late Rev. George Crabbe, emphatically styled Birth place of the Rev. George Crabbe, the poet. Biographical sketch of his life. the Poet of the Poor, who was born December 24, 1754. His father was an officer in the Customs, and at first gave him an education, merely suitable to follow the same pursuit; but when his prospects brightened, he removed his son to a classical seminary, where he was instructed for a surgeon and apothecary, to which profession he was in due time apprenticed, but relinquished all views of establishing himself in practice. At a very early period he became a versifier; and among his precocious attempts was a prize poem, on Hope, which was inserted in the Lady's Magazine, then published by Mr. Wheeble. Crabbe came to London, in 1778, with £3. in his Crabbe's arrival in London, 1778. pocket, and made versification his chief study. His first published work was The Candidate, a poem, in quarto, which came into the world anonymously, in 1780, and was favourably received. A short time afterwards, his poverty and poetry induced him to seek the His first published work well received. patronage of Edmund Burke, to whom he submitted a large quantity of miscellaneous composition; he had no introduction to Mr. Burke, excepting his own letter, stating his circumstances; no recommendation but his distress, and yet his application was attended with success. His patron introduced him to some of the first men in the country, and soon after became the means of benefiting his fame and fortune; he selected from young Crabbe's works, The Library and The Village, suggesting at the same time certain corrections and improvements. Among the eminent persons to whom he was thus introduced, was the Right Hon. Charles James Fox, Sir Joshua Reynolds, at whose mansion he first Crabbe's introduction to eminent persons. beheld, and was made known to, Dr. Johnson, who gave the young poet his opinion of The Village. Mr. Burke having directed Mr. Crabbe's views to the church, in 1781 he was ordained a deacon by the Bishop of Norwich, and priest by the same dignitary in the following year; he was next appointed domestic chaplain to the Duke of Rutland at Belvoir Castle. As Mr. Crabbe had not received a university education, he was offered a degree by Trinity College, Cambridge, but eventually received the grant from the Archbishop of Canterbury, at Lambeth, and thus became a Bachelor of Laws. Burke also Promoted to the church. introduced Mr. Crabbe to Lord Chancellor Thurlow, who presented him to rectories in Dorset and Lincoln consecutively. He had previously a curacy at Strathorn, a village near Belvoir Castle, where he married and became a father; he was universally respected for his talents and virtues, and died at Trowbridge, at seven o'clock in the morning of Died at Trowbridge 1132. the 8th of February, 1832. The publications of Mr. Crabbe have placed him high on the roll of British Poets.

Market, Wednesday and Saturday.—Fairs, March 1, and May 3, for toys.—Inn, White Lion.—Mail arrives at 9½ A.M. departs 5½ P.M.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
27	Aldeby	pa	Norfolk	Beccles	3	Yarmouth	11	Lowestoft	7	112	530
18	Aldenham	pa	Herts	Watford	3	St. Albans	6	Elstree	3	17	1494
41	Alderbury	to	Wilts	Salisbury	3	Downton	4	Farley	3	80	1323
27	Alderford	pa	Norfolk	Reepham	3	Norwich	9	Aylesham	7	108	40
15	Alderley	pa	Gloucester	Wickwar	4	Wooton	2	Tetbury	8	108	200
7	Alderley	pa	Chester	Macclesfield	5	Knutsford	5	Congleton	8	172	1338
4	Aldermaston[A]	pa	Berks	Reading	10	Newbury	8	Kingsclere	5	49	636
42	Alderminster	pa	Worcester	Evesham	10	Stratford-Av.	5	Shipston-Sto.	6	89	454
41	Alderton	pa	Wilts	Malmsbury	6	Tetbury	7	Chippenham	8	103	213
15	Alderton	pa	Gloucester	Winchcomb	3	Cheltenham	7	Tewkesbury	7	102	330
28	Alderton	pa	Northamp	Towcester	4	Northampton	9	Sto. Stratford	9	58	162
36	Alderton	pa	Suffolk	Woodbridge	7	Orford	9	Ipswich	12	79	575
7	Aldersey	to	Chester	Chester	8	Tarporley	8	Malpas	5	175	138
16	Aldershott	pa	Hants	Farnham	3	Odiham	4	Bakewell	9	138	424
7	Aldford	to & pa	Chester	Chester	5	Malpas	10	Tarporley	9	177	710
45	Aldfield	to	W.R. York	Ripon	3	Ripley	4	Borobridge	7	208	133
14	Aldham	pa	Essex	Coggeshall	4	Colchester	6	Neyland	6	48	407
36	Aldham	pa	Suffolk	Hadley	2	Stow-Market	9	Ipswich	8	66	318
38	Aldingbourn	pa	Sussex	Chichester	4	Arundel	7	Bognor	5	62	833
22	Aldingham	pa	Lancaster	Ulverstone	5	Dalton	4	Lancaster	15	277	884
21	Aldington[B]	pa	Kent	Hythe	6	Ashford	7	New Romney	8	60	732

[A] ALDERMASTON. Fairs, May 6, July 7, for horses and cattle, and October 11, for pedlery.

[B] ALDINGTON. Elizabeth Barton, commonly called the Holy Maid of Kent, a religious impostor, lived in the reign of Henry VIII. She was a servant at Aldington, and having been for a long The History of the Holy Maid of Kent. time afflicted with convulsions, which distorted her limbs and countenance, and threw her body into the most violent agitations, acquired a power of counterfeiting the same appearances whenever she pleased. Richard Master, who then held this living, with other ecclesiastics, thinking her a proper instrument for their purpose, induced her to pretend that all she said and did, was by a supernatural impulse, and taught her to act her part in the most perfect manner. Thus she pretended to be honoured with visions; to hear heavenly voices and most ravishing melody; she declaimed against the wickedness of the times, against heresy and innovations; exhorting all persons to frequent the church, to hear masses, to make frequent confessions, and to pray to our lady, and all saints. This artful management, with her apparent piety, virtue, and austerity of life, completely deceived even Sir Thomas More, Bishop Fisher, and Archbishop Warham, the last of which appointed commissioners to examine her, to whom she was instructed to say, in her counterfeit trances, that she should never recover till she went to visit the image of the Virgin Mary, in a chapel dedicated to her in this parish, which was done. After that she pretended that she was called to be a nun, and the Archbishop being fully satisfied with the reports, had her placed in the nunnery of St. Sepulchre, Canterbury, Holy Maid of Kent. where she alleged she had visions and revelations of a divine nature, so as to completely impose upon the public. The main object of the priests, her managers, was directed publicly to announce how God had revealed to her, "that in case the king should divorce Queen Catherine of Anjou, and take another wife during her life, his royalty would not be of a month's duration, but that he should die the death of a villain," which created considerable excitement, and much controversy: encouraged by the lenity of the government, the ecclesiastics in this conspiracy, resolved to publish the revelations of the nun throughout the kingdom. They had communicated them to the Pope's Ambassadors, and exhorted Queen Catherine to persist in her resolutions. At length this The imposture detected. confederacy became a serious affair, and Henry ordered the maid and her accomplices to be examined in the Star Chamber, where they confessed all the particulars of the imposture; and afterwards, upon a scaffold erected at Paul's Cross, were compelled to hear their confession publicly read; they were confined in the Tower until the meeting of parliament, by whom the whole affair was pronounced to be a conspiracy against the king's life, and crown. The nun, and her confederates, were Herself and confederates executed at Tyburn. eventually attainted of high treason, and executed at Tyburn, April 20th, 1534, where she confessed the imposture, laying the blame on her accomplices, the priests; craving pardon of God, and the King.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
42	Aldington	ham	Worcester	Evesham	3	Moreton	10	Alcester	10	96	104
35	Aldridge	pa	Stafford	Walsall	3	Sut. Coldfield	4	Lichfleld	6	116	1804
36	Aldringham	pa	Suffolk	Aldeburgh	2	Saxmundha	5	Dunwich	7	94	362
38	Aldrington	pa	Sussex	Brighton	5	Steyning	6	Worthing	7	55	615
9	Aldstone Moor[A]	to & pa	Cumberland	Carlisle	25	Kirk Oswald	12	Haltwhistle	10	272	6858
15	Aldsworth	pa	Gloucester	Northleach	4	Fairford	6	Burford	4	78	353
16	Aldwark	to	Derby	Wirksworth	4	Ashbourn	6	Winster	6	145	97
44	Aldwark	to	N. R York	Borobridge	5	Easingwold	4	Knaresboro	9	202	190
45	Aldwarke	to	W. R York	Rotherham	2	Sheffield	4	Barnsley	8	172
28	Aldwinckle-all Saints	p	Northamp	Thrapston	3	Kettering	10	Oundle	5	76	247
28	Aldwinckle-St Peter	pa	Northamp	...	3	...	10	...	5	76	171
4	Aldsworth[B]	pa	Berks	East Ilsley	4	Wallingford	7	Newbury	11	50	268

[A] ALDSTONE MOOR, in Leath Ward, is situated on the borders of Northumberland, in the most picturesque and romantic part of the Picturesque and Romantic scenery. county. The town itself stands upon a hill, at the bottom of which runs the river Tyne. The immediate vicinity abounds in lead-mines, on estates which once belonged to the Derwentwater family. On the attainder of the last earl, they were granted in aid of the support of Greenwich Hospital, from the trustees of which national institution, the mines are at present leased. Satin spar is found in this parish; there is also a pool on Gildersdale Fell, the slime of which is used for painting The slime of a pool use for painting yellow. yellow. About three miles from the town, are the earthworks of Whitley castle, where relics of antiquity have frequently been discovered.

Market, Saturday.—Fairs, last Thursday in May, 1st Thursday in September, for cattle, horses, linen and woollen cloth.

[B] ALDWORTH is pleasantly situated on a hill: here was anciently a mansion belonging to the family of De La Beche, the site of which is now Beach Farm. In the churchyard is a remarkable yew-tree, the Remarkable yew-tree, nine yards round. trunk measuring nine yards in circumference, at upwards of four feet from the ground. The church is celebrated for its very ancient monuments, nine in number, disposed in enriched arches on each side, and Church celebrated for ancient monuments. in the centre of the interior; these are supposed to belong to the De La Beche family, and from the costume of the figures upon the tombs, may be referred to the fourteenth century; six of them are knights in armour; two are females, and one in the common habit of the time; some of the knights are represented lying cross-legged; these had vowed, or accompanied a crusade; the workmanship is excellent, and the attitude and expression of each of the figures that remain perfect, are exceedingly graceful, but several of the monuments are now considerably mutilated. The font is very ancient, and remarkably plain, but very capacious, and somewhat singular in its form.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
29	Alemouth	to	Northumb	Lesbury	2	Alnwick	5	Morpeth	19	311	415
28	Alesworth	ham	Northamp	Deeping	7	Wandsford	3	Peterborough	5	87	289
37	Alfold	pa	Surrey	Guildford	10	Godalming	7	Haslemere	9	41	514
24	Alford	m.t. & pa	Lincoln	Saltfleet	12	Lincoln	34	Louth	11	142	1784
34	Alford	pa	Somerset	Shepton	7	Castle Cary	2	Glastonbury	8	115	137
10	Alfreton[A]	pa	Derby	Derby	14	Wirksworth	10	Mansfield	9	139	5691
42	Alfrick	chap	Worcester	Bromvard	6	Worcester	8	Gt. Malvern	10	119	493
38	Alfriston	pa	Sussex	Newhaven	5	Seaford	3	Hailsham	6	55	694
24	Algarkirk	pa	Lincoln	Fosdyke Br.	3	Boston	6	Donnington	7	111	651
31	Alkerton	pa	Oxford	Shipston	8	Banbury	6	Kineton	6	77	192
21	Alkham	pa	Kent	Canterbury	12	Dover	4	Folkestone	4	69	542
15	Alkington	ti & to	Gloucester	Old Passage	10	Berkeley	1	Dursley	3	113	1167
10	Alkmonton	to	Derby	Derby	10	Ashbourn	5	Uttoxeter	7	134	79
22	Alkrington	to	Lancaster	Rochdale	7	Manchester	6	Oldham	1	187	367
41	Alcannings	pa & to	Wilts	Calne	7	Devizes	4	Marlborough	9	88	811
29	Allendale	pa & to	Northumb	Aldsto. Moor	10	Hexham	8	Haltwhistle	10	273	5540
29	Allen-Head	pa	Northumb	...	9	Hexham	12	Allendale	4	268	...
8	Allen, St.	pa	Cornwall	St. Michael	4	Truro	4	Falmouth	12	252	637
17	Allensmore	pa	Hereford	Thruxton	2	Hereford	4	Ross	12	131	592
29	Allenton	pa & to	Northumb	Wooler	16	Rothbury	8	Bellingham	15	310	822
34	Aller	pa	Somerset	Taunton	11	Somerton	6	Bridgewater	8	128	490
9	Allerby	to	Cumberland	Wigton	8	Cockermout	7	Abbey-Holm	6	313
43	Allerston	pa	N.R. York	New Malton	8	Pickering	5	Scarborough	10	220	385
46	Allerthorpe	pa	E.R. York	York	11	Pocklington	2	M. Weighton	6	212	185
43	Allerthorpe	to	N.R. York	Northallerton	6	Bedale	5	Thirsk	6	218	167
22	Allerton	to	Lancaster	Warrington	12	Liverpool	6	Prescott	6	202	374
34	Allerton Chapel	pa	Somerset	Wells	10	Axbridge	3	Bridgewater	11	132	313
45	Allerton Chapel	pa	W.R. York	Halifax	7	Leeds	2	Bradford	8	194	1730
45	Allerton	to	W.R. York	Ottley	5	Bradford	4	Keighly	4	200	1733
45	Allerton Bywater	to	W.R. York	Wakefield	6	Pontefract	5	Leeds	6	182	375
45	Allerton Mauleverer[B]	p	W.R. York	Wetherby	5	Knaresboro	4	Borobridge	5	202

[A] ALFRETON, is situated about two miles from the commencement of the moors, which extend so widely in this county. The town is Built by King Alfred. supposed to have been built by King Alfred, and to derive its name from him. The spot is shown where the house stood in which he lived. The inhabitants are principally employed in a stocking manufactory, and in the neighbouring collieries. Earthenware is also made in this place, and the Monday market, for corn, is considerable. In 700 Roman coins found here. Greenhill Lane, near this town, seven hundred Roman coins, were discovered by a labourer employed in repairing a fence.

Markets, Monday and Friday.—Mail arrives 2¼ P.M., departs 9¼ A.M.—Fairs, horses and cattle, October 8, and November 22, statute.—Inns, Angel, and George.

[B] ALLERTON MAULEVERER, is situated in a very beautiful part of Yorkshire. The park now in the possession of Lord Stourton, consists of about four hundred acres, in which is a superb mansion; the land is Extensive park and mansion. very rich, and charmingly diversified by a variety of hills, dales, and groves, which are considerably enlivened, and receive much additional beauty, from a very fine expanse of water. An octagonal tower has Picturesque tower. been built on a lofty hill, finely shaded with trees; it consists of two rooms, and is approached by a double flight of steps, each of which, as well as the terrace around the building, are protected by iron palisades. From this commanding situation, all the various beauties of the park are seen to the greatest advantage, and many extensive and diversified prospects are enjoyed. Here was a priory of Benedictine Here was a Priory of Benedictine monks. monks, founded by Richard Mauleverer, in the reign of Henry II., which was dissolved about three centuries afterwards by King Henry VI. The manor was the seat of the Mauleverer family for more than five hundred years, when Sir Richard, the last heir, who died unmarried, left the estate by will to his mother, who, afterwards by marriage, conveyed it to the Arundel family, and from them it became the property of the Honourable, William Monkton Arundel, Viscount Galway, whose son, the late Lord Galway, sold it in the year 1786, to the late Duke of York, who afterwards occasionally resided in the park, with George IV., then Prince of Wales. The estate, comprising four thousand five hundred and twenty-five acres, was sold by the Royal Duke to Sale of the estate by the late Duke of York, for £110,000. Colonel Thornton, for £110,000; and was, in 1805, resold by that gentleman to the late Lord Stourton, father of the present proprietor. The mansion stands on a gentle elevation; it was erected by his Royal Highness the Duke of York, and has since been considerably improved.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
39	Allesley	pa	Warwick	Coventry	2	Nuneaton	8	Kenilworth	6	93	875
10	Allestrey	pa	Derby	Derby	2	Ashbourn	14	Alfreton	13	128	501
23	Allexton	pa	Leicester	Rockingham	6	M. Harboro	9	Uppingham	5	89	68
9	Allhallows	pa	Cumberland	Wigton	5	Market Ireby	4	Allonby	7	308	205
21	Allhallows	pa	Kent	Rochester	7	Sheerness	5	Queenboro	6	36	263
12	Allington	pa	Dorset	Bridport	1	Lyme Regis	8	Beaminster	5	136	1300
21	Allington[A]	pa	Kent	Maidstone	2	Rochester	7	Wrotham	8	32	37

[A] ALLINGTON. Situated in the hundred of Larkefield, in the lathe of Aylesford, near the river Medway. Allington Castle was originally built in the Saxon times, by a noble family denominated The castle. Columbary, but was razed afterwards by the Danes. The manor was given after the conquest to Bishop Odo, (in whose time there was Mansion given to Bishop Odo. a church at Allington,) and on his disgrace, to the great Earl Warrenne, who is stated to have had the castle rebuilt, which, however, seems to be doubtful, as the famous Sir Stephen Penchester, constable of Dover Castle, in the reign of Edward I., and then owner of this manor, had a license to fortify, and embattle, his mansion-house here. It passed afterwards to the Cobham family; and from them to the Brents, by whom it was alienated to Sir Henry Wyatt, a descendant from Sir Henry Wyatt deprived of seventeen manors and his liberty, for treason. a worthy Yorkshire family; who, besides losing seventeen manors, was deprived of his liberty for engaging in the plot against Richard III. in favour of the Earl of Richmond; but when success had crowned the attempts of the latter, he was released by the new king, knighted, made banneret, a knight of the bath, and a privy counsellor. He made this castle his residence; and here was born his accomplished son and successor, Sir Thomas Wyatt. This gentleman who was equally renowned, as a scholar, a soldier, and a statesman, (in consequence of which he was considered to be "the delight of the muses and mankind") made this a "fair seat," and was visited here by Henry VIII., Sir Thomas Wyatt, was an accomplished scholar, soldier and statesman. (as his father Sir Henry had also been,) with whom he was a great favourite; though he appears in some degree to have unintentionally excited his jealousy, through the admiration which his accomplishments had raised in the breast of the fascinating Anne Boleyn. He died in his thirty-eighth year, at Sherborne, in Dorsetshire, of a violent fever. His son Sir Thomas Wyatt, the younger, being deprived of his estates and life, for treason against Queen Mary, this castle and manor became vested in the crown, and were granted, on lease by Elizabeth, to John Astley Esq., master of her jewels, in her eleventh year. His son, Sir John Astley, afterwards had the whole granted to him by the queen's letters patent, dated in her twenty-sixth year, and from Parish consists of one house, a church, and a cottage. his family it was transferred to that of Lord Romney, and is now the property of the present earl. The remains of the castle are particularly curious and interesting, but give the idea rather of a fortified dwelling, than of a place of strength. The moat still exists, as does the entrance gateway, which was erected by the Cobhams. Besides the castle and parsonage, (a mere cottage,) there is only one house in this parish; though Sir Stephen de Penchester is recorded to have procured a grant of a market weekly, and a three days annual fair for his manor of Allington.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
41	Allington	pa	Wilts	Amesbury	4	Salisbury	6	Andover	11	77	80
41	Allington	to	Wilts	Chippenham	2	Malmsbury	9	Bath	13	95	162
41	Allington	to	Wilts	Devizes	4	Calne	7	Marlboro	10	88	162
11	Allington, East	pa	Devon	Kingsbridge	4	Dartmouth	6	Totness	7	205	677
11	Allington, West	pa	Devon	...	1	Modbury	7	Plymouth	18	207	872
24	Allington, West	pa	Lincoln	Grantham	5	Newark	10	M. Mowbray	16	115	357
22	Allithwaite, Upper	to	Lancaster	Cartmel	3	Hawkeshead	11	Ulverstone	11	255	759
22	Allithwaite, Lower	to	Lancaster	...	1	...	13	..by Ferry	6	257	838
9	Allonby	to	Cumberland	Wigton	11	Cockermouth	9	Abbey-Holm	8	315	783
7	Allostock	to	Chester	Knutsford	5	Middlewich	5	Northwich	6	168	448
36	All Saints, St. Elm	pa	Suffolk	Halesworth	5	Bungay	5	Harleston	5	105	439
17	Almeley	pa	Hereford	Weobly	5	Kington	4	Leominster	13	150	670
12	Almer, West	pa	Dorset	Blandford	6	Bere Regis	6	Wimborne	7	107
35	Almington	to	Stafford	Drayton	1	Newcastle	12	Eccleshall	10	158	340
39	Almington & Delph	to	Warwick	Tamworth	2	Atherstone	7	Coleshill	10	112	264
38	Almodington	pa	Sussex	Chichester	6	Bognor	10	Selsea-Bill	4	68
45	Almondbury[A]	pa & to	W.R. York	Huddersfield	2	Barnsley	10	Wakefield	9	186	30606
15	Almondsbury	pa & ti	Gloucester	Thornbury	4	Old Pas. Hou.	5	Bristol	8	117	1408
34	Almsford	pa	Somerset	Castle Cary	1	Bruton	4	Glastonbury	9	114	304
43	Alne	pa & to	N.R. York	Easingwold	3	Borobridge	6	Thirsk	9	212	1967
39	Alne, Great	chap & to	Warwick	Alcester	3	Henley-Arden	5	Stratford	7	103	343
29	Alnham	pa & to	Northumb	Alnwick	14	Wooler	11	Rothbury	9	314	278
29	Alnwick[B]	m. t. & pa	Northumb	Newcastle	34	Morpeth	19	...	11	308	6788

[A] ALMONDBURY is situated near the river Calder, in the upper division of the wapentake of Aybrigg. Here is a grammar school, Grammar school founded by James I. founded by patent from James I. and endowed with about £120 per annum. This place is noted for its extensive woollen manufactories. It was anciently called Albanbury. In the neighbourhood traces of an ancient castle, on an eminence, are still discernable. It is supposed, by some antiquarians, to have been the Campodonum of the Ancient castle.Campodonum of the Romans. Romans, and subsequently a royal seat of some of the Saxon kings.

[B] ALNWICK, is on the high road from London to Berwick, and usually regarded as the capital of the county. It is situated partly in the southern division of Barnborough Ward, and partly in the eastern division of Coquetdale Ward. It is built irregularly, on the declivities of a hill, near the river Alne, over which a handsome stone bridge was erected by the late Duke of Northumberland, which bears the Percy crest on the parapet; there is also another bridge, of one arch, lower down the river; these two bridges serve as boundaries to the fine lawns surrounding the castle. At the head of Pottergate is a tower or clock-house, built in 1786. An abbey of Premonstratension canons An abbey of monks, founded in 1147. was founded at Alnwick by Eustace St. John, in the year 1147. It was pleasantly situated on the northern margin of the Alne, the site of which was granted, in 1549, to Ralph Sadler, and Lawrence Wennington, after which it became the seat of the Brandling family, and also of the Doubleday family, by whom it was sold to the Duke of Northumberland. A fine gate house still remains, on which the Percy arms is visible. This town has a spacious market place, and a considerable town hall, in which the sessions and county courts are held. It is paved, watched, and lighted, under an act passed in 1821. Although the county town, the assizes are held at Newcastle. Alnwick Castle has been for many centuries a fortress of great Fortress of great strength. strength, and the family mansion of the Percys'; it stands on an eminence on the south side of the Alne, opposite to the town, and commands a beautiful view of the country. The walls are flanked with sixteen gothic towers, the battlements of which, are ornamented with figures of ancient warriors: it is very celebrated in border history, and was peculiarly fatal to the kings of Scotland, of whom Malcolm II. and his son Edward, The fall of Malcolm II. and his son Edward. fell before it; and William, surnamed the Lion, was taken prisoner. The castle has lately undergone a complete repair; great attention having been paid to the restoration of the gothic ornaments in their original style. The chapel has been rendered extremely beautiful, by the introduction of a ceiling, in imitation of the celebrated one of King's College, Cambridge. There is also a handsome window, on the model of one at York Minster, and the walls are painted in the manner of those of the cathedral of Milan. The tenants of the estate at Alnwick, in the year 1818, erected a monument to the memory of Monument to the memory of the late Duke of Northumberland. the late Duke of Northumberland, who died in 1817, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. The Percy column, as it is called, stands on a beautiful knoll, adjoining the road on the southern entrance to the town; it rises without a pedestal, and may be seen in every direction, it is eighty-three feet in height, but may be ascended easily by a circular flight of stairs within. There is an immemorial custom continued here on the proclamation of the several Curious customs in Alnwick. fairs; divers adjacent townships, which are free of toll in the borough, by this service, send their deputies to attend the bailiff, on the eve of the fair, when he makes proclamation; after which they keep watch all night in every part of the town, and this is the most perfect remains of watch and ward retained in any part of this country. It is said that King John, having endured considerable inconvenience from the miry state of the roads, in humorous revenge, directed that for the future, the freemen of Alnwick, should be made in the following manner, which is still observed.—On St. Mark's day, those who Making freemen at Alnwick through a muddy pool. are to be made free, assemble in the market place, dressed in white, with white caps, and a sword by their side. They proceed on horseback from this place to the town moor, headed by the four chamberlains, attired in the same manner, where they alight and rush through a muddy pool; having performed this ceremony, they change their soiled garments, and return to the town. Here is a free school, supported by a revenue arising out of the tolls, and various minor charities.

Market, Saturday,—Mail arrives 6¼ A.M., departs 5½ P.M.—Fairs, Palm Sunday eve, for shoes, hats, &c.; May 12th, horses and horned cattle; last Monday in July, linen and woollen cloth; 1st Tuesday in October, and October 28th, horses and cattle; and Saturday before Christmas Day, for shoes, hats, and woollens.—Bankers, Ridley and Co., draw on Glynn and Co.—Inn, White Swan.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
14	Alphamstone	pa	Essex	Halstead	5	Sudbury	5	Colchester	10	50	277
36	Alphaston	pa	Suffolk	Sudbury	7	Lavenham	3	Bury	10	61	309
11	Alphington	pa	Devon	Exeter	1	Topsham	5	Chudleigh	8	167	1236
27	Alpington	pa	Norfolk	Norwich	6	Loddon	5	Hempnell	6	119	197
7	Alpraham	to	Chester	Tarporley	3	Malpas	8	Nantwich	7	176	418
14	Alresford	pa	Essex	Colchester	5	St. Osyth	6	Manningtre	8	56	297
16	Alresford, New[A]	m.t.	Hants	Southamp.	19	Winchester	7	Alton	10	57	1437

[A] NEW ALRESFORD, is in the north division of the hundred of Alton: seated on the river Itchin, at no great distance from its source. It was anciently a more populous place than at present, the navigation Formerly a populous place. of the river, having at one time extended from Southampton to this town; whereas, it now ceases at Winchester. Alresford is divided into two parishes, of which that of Old Alresford is deemed the mother church. The town, which formerly sent a member to parliament, is governed by a bailiff and eight burgesses; and the petty sessions are held here. There is a manufacture of linseys of some consequence, but generally speaking, the trade is much decayed. At Tichbourne Tichbourne Hall, seat of Sir H. Tichbourne. Hall, about two miles distant, the seat of Sir H. Tichbourne, there has been bestowed annually, on Lady Day, from the reign of Henry II. a gift to every applicant of twopence in bread or money; of which bounty, in some years, no less than seventeen hundred persons have partaken.

Market, Thursday.—Mail arrives 3½ A.M. departs 11½ P.M.—Fairs, last Thursday in July, and October 17, sheep, &c.—Bankers, Knapp & Co. draw on Barclay & Co.—Inn, Swan.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
16	Alresford, Old	pa	Hants	Southamp.	19	Winchester	7	Alton	10	57	459
35	Alrewas	pa	Stafford	Lichfield	5	Burton	8	Bromley	5	124	1607
35	Alewas Hayes	dis	Stafford	...	4	...	9	...	6	124	77
7	Alsager	pa	Chester	Sandbach	5	Congleton	9	Nantwich	8	157	446
10	Alsop-le-Dale	pa	Derby	Ashbourn	6	Longnor	8	Winster	6	145	61
22	Alston	to	Lancaster	Preston	6	Blackburn	6	Clitheroe	9	222	1030
42	Alstone	chap	Worcester	Tewkesbury	5	Evesham	7	Pershore	7	101	78
35	Alstonefield	pa & to	Stafford	Ashbourn	6	Longnor	6	Winster	8	144	5169
22	Altcar	chap	Lancaster	Ormskirk	6	Liverpool	11	Prescott	13	214	505
8	Alternon	pa	Cornwall	Launceston	8	Camelford	8	Bodmin	16	222	1069
22	Altham	to & chap	Lancaster	Burnley	5	Colne	11	Blackburn	6	212	413
14	Althorne	pa	Essex	Maldon	6	Southminster	3	Rochford	6	42	352
24	Althorp	pa & to	Lincoln	Burton	5	Epworth	5	Glandford Br	12	165	981
27	Althorpe	ham	Norfolk	Fakenham	2	N. Walsingh.	3	Holt	10	111	9
48	Altmawr	chap	Brecon	Builth	3	Brecon	12	Aberedwy	2	170	43
45	Altofts	to	W.R. York	Wakefield	4	Leeds	8	Pontefract	3	186	502
16	Alton[A]	m.t. & pa	Hants	Southamp.	29	Basingstok e	10	Farnham	10	47	2742
41	Alton Barnes	pa	Wilts	Marlboro	7	Devizes	7	Pewsey	4	82	138
12	Alton Pancras	pa	Dorset	Dorchester	7	Cerne-Abbas	3	Sherborne	10	120	210
41	Alton Priors	chap	Wilts	Devizes	7	Marlboro	7	Pewsey	4	82	205
7	Altringham[B]	m.t.	Chester	Knutsford	7	Stockport	10	Manchester	9	179	2708

[A] ALTON is seated on the river Wye; it is a pleasant open town, consisting of three streets, of which the principal contains some handsome houses. It is governed by a constable appointed by the magistracy, and a petty sessions are held in the town. The district around is celebrated for the superiority of its hop plantations, and Celebrated for hops, and manufactures in serges and other worsted fabrics. possesses manufactures of druggets, serges, and other worsted fabrics, which are dyed in the wool. It was at Alton that Sir William Waller, in December 1643, obtained some advantages over the forces of Lord Hopton, who had taken his post in the town, the regiment commanded by Colonel Bowles retreated to the church, but not having time to barricade Church converted to a fortress. the doors, threw down their arms, and surrendered; but the Colonel himself, refusing quarter, was slain on the spot. Amongst the celebrated men to whom this town has given birth, may be mentioned William de Alton, a Dominican Friar, who lived in the time of Edward II., and wrote on the universality of the pollution of mankind by original sin. John Pitts, the Roman Catholic Biographer, who was born in 1560, and died in 1616; and William Curtis the Botanist, who was born about 1746, and died in 1799.

Market, Saturday.—Mail arrives 2 A.M. departs 12¾ A.M.—Fairs, Saturday before May, sheep and lambs, September 29, cattle and toys.—Commercial Banking Company, draw on Williams, and Co.—Inn, Swan.

[B] ALTRINGHAM is a very neat market-town in the parish of Bowden, and hundred of Bucklow, near which the Duke of Bridgewater's canal passes from the Mersey at Runcorn, to Manchester; it Yarn, cotton, and worsted manufactories possesses several factories of yarn, cotton, and worsted, and the vicinity supplies the markets of Manchester well with fruit and vegetables. This town was anciently a fee for the barons of Dunham Massey, one of whom granted to it a guild mercatory in the thirteenth century.

Market, Tuesday.—Mail arrives 4½ A.M., departs 9½ P.M.—Fairs, April 29, August 5, November 22, for cattle and drapery.—Inns, Bowling Green and Unicorn.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
7	Alvanley	chap	Chester	Frodsham	3	Warrington	9	Chester	10	188	341
7	Alvaston	to	Chester	Sandbach	9	Middlewich	10	Whitchurch	11	164	46
10	Alvaston	to & chap	Derby	Derby	4	Kegworth	8	Burton	12	124	364
40	Alvechurch[A]	pa	Worcester	Bromsgrove	4	Redditch	4	Birmingham	11	114	1548
41	Alvediston	pa	Wilts	Hindon	7	Wilton	8	Shaftesbury	9	92	239
33	Alvely	pa & to	Salop	Bridgenorth	6	Bewdley	8	Cleobury	9	133	836
11	Alverdiscott	pa	Devon	Bideford	4	Barnstaple	6	Torrington	4	200	334
16	Alverstoke	pa	Hants	Gosport	1	Tichfield	6	Fareham	6	79	12637
45	Alverthorpe	to	W.R. York	Wakefield	1	Leeds	7	Dewsbury	5	183	4859
30	Alverton	ham	Notts	Newark	7	Bingham	7	Southwell	9	118	16
31	Alvescott	pa	Oxford	Burford	5	Bampton	3	Whitney	6	74	361
15	Alveston[B]	pa	Gloucester	Thornbury	3	New Pas	6	Bristol	9	119	800
39	Alveston	pa	Warwick	Stratford	2	Warwick	7	Henley	9	96	650
35	Alveton	pa & to	Stafford	Cheadle	4	Uttaxeter	6	Ashbourn	8	42	2391
24	Alvingham	pa	Lincoln	Louth	4	Saltfleet	8	Grimsby	18	153	292
15	Alvington	ham	Gloucester	Blakeney	6	Coleford	6	Chepstow	7	128	281
19	Alwalton	pa	Hunts	Peterboro	5	Stilton	6	Wandsford	5	80	294
11	Alwington	pa	Devon	Bideford	4	Torrington	6	Barnstaple	12	206	486
45	Alwoodley	to	W.R. York	Leeds	4	Ottley	5	Wetherby	8	193	142
17	Amberly	ham	Hereford	Hereford	6	Bromyard	9	Leominster	8	135	25
38	Amberly	pa	Sussex	Arundel	4	Petworth	4	Worthing	11	51	637
16	Ambersham, North	ti	Hants	Midhurst	3	...	4	Haslemere	6	49	121
16	Ambersham, South	ti	Hants	...	3	...	4	...	6	49	183
29	Amble	to	Northumb	Alnwick	9	Morpeth	11	Felton	6	301	247
35	Amblecoat	ham	Stafford	Stourbridge	1	Dudley	4	Wolverhamp	8	122	1157
40	Ambleside[C]	mt & chap	Westmorlnd	Kendal	13	Helvelyn	8	Winanderm	1	278	1095

[A] ALVECHURCH is situated in the middle division of the hundred of Halfshire; it was formerly a borough and governed by a bailiff, chosen annually at the court of the lord of the manor. The church is a large Church of Anglo Norman architecture. structure of Anglo Norman architecture, but the tower is modern. It however contains many ancient monuments: a hospital was founded here by Nicholas Lewkenor, of Hadsor, in 1580. The bishops of the county formerly had a palace here. Bishop Brain, Chancellor of England, in the reign of Edward III., to whom the Black Prince, wrote a circumstantial account of the battle of Poicters, died here in 1361. Bishop Latimer put it in repair in the reign of Henry VIII., it seems to have been merely a timber building. It has not been inhabited by any Bishop since the restoration, and was nearly a century ago, entirely pulled down, when the park was converted into farms. The river Arrow, which rises in the Lickey Hills, runs through the parish, towards Dilapidations of time. Beoley Park, and Warwickshire; and the Ikenield Street, also passes it. This town formerly consisted of several streets, but is now fallen into decay, it however, receives some benefit from the Worcester canal, which passes it, and joins the Stratford-and-Avon canal, at King's Norton.

[B] ALVESTON. This parish contains the vestiges of two Roman Two Roman camps. camps; the one on the top of a hill called Oldbury, near the Severn; the other called Castle Hill; in both which places, various relics of antiquity have been discovered.

[C] AMBLESIDE is seated on the decline of a hill, at the extremity of the romantic lake Winandermere, of which a branch passes through the town. It is held by Horsley, to be the site of the Roman Dictus. Site of the Roman Dictus. It is scarcely in the power of language to do justice to the romantic beauties of this neighbourhood; perhaps the most beautiful scenery in England, is to be found in its vicinity. Here is an extensive manufactory of woollen cloth.

Market, Wednesday.—Fairs, Wednesday after Whit-Sunday, for horned cattle October 29, ditto and sheep—Mail arrives 9½ A.M., departs 7 A.M.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
57	Ambleston	pa	Pembroke	Haverfrd.W.	5	Fishguard	3	Newport	10	266	574
31	Ambrosden	pa & to	Oxford	Bicester	2	Aylesbury	14	Oxford	12	51	914
24	Amcotts	ham	Lincoln	Burton	4	Glandford	10	Epworth	9	165	359
5	Amersham[A]	bo. m. t. & pa	Bucks	Aylesbury	14	Chesham	3	Beaconsfield	5	26	2612
41	Amesbury[B]	m.t. & pa	Wilts	Salisbury	7	Stone-Henge	3	Andover	14	77	544

[A] AMERSHAM, or Agmondesham is situated on the Misbourne, a branch of the river Colne. The town which is seated in a vale between two wooded hills, consists of a long street on the road from Uxbridge to Wendover; it is intersected about the centre, by a cross street from Chesham to High Wycombe, at the point of which stands the church. The market is held in the Market House, or Town Hall, built by Sir William Drake, about 1680; it is a brick building supported by pillars Town Hall, built by Sir W. Drake, 1680. and arches, with a lanthorn and clock, and said to be the handsomest in the county. Amersham was a parliamentary borough by prescription, but by the Reform Bill of 1832, is now disfranchised. The church was extensively repaired in 1778, in the chancel of which are monuments of the family of the Bents of Leicestershire, who had a seat in the parish; and a monument of Henry, son of Sir Patrick Curwen, Bart., who died in 1638; and also several monuments of the Drake family, in the chancel and the adjoining mausoleum; among which are those of Montague Gerrard, by Sheemaker, and the wife of the late Mr. Drake, by Henry Cheere. About a mile northward from the town, is Shardeloes Park, the seat of Sir Thomas Tyrwhitt Drake: the estate was formerly in the Shardeloes park. possession of the Brudenell's, which family terminated in a peeress, and brought Shardeloes to the Cheynes; afterwards it became the seat of William Totehill, Esq., where he entertained Queen Elizabeth in Entertainment of Queen Elizabeth. one of her progresses. Francis Drake, of East Sherwin, Surrey, who was one of the gentlemen of the bedchamber to James I., married Jane, the daughter and heiress of William Totehill, Esq. The mansion is beautifully situated on the brow of a hill, overlooking an immense sheet of water, covering thirty-five acres, and commands a delightful prospect, particularly towards the east, where the town of Amersham, and the surrounding eminences, covered with wood, present a very picturesque appearance. The gardens, formerly much admired for Picturesque views. their beauty, were originally formed by Sir William Drake, about 1666, but have been modernized by Richmond, for the late proprietor. Here is also a Free Grammar School, the scholars of which are entitled to three exhibitions in Corpus Christi College, Oxford, bequeathed by Dr. Challoner, a canon of Windsor, in 1620; and likewise four alms houses, with other minor charities. The manufactures are chiefly lace, sacking, and all kinds of white cotton, wrought by machinery; and the markets are well attended.

Market, Tuesday.—Fairs, Whit-Monday for horned cattle, and September 19, for cattle, and statute.—Inns, Crown and Griffin.—Mail arrives 7 A.M., departs 9¼ P.M.

[B] AMESBURY, or Ambresbury, is situated on the river Avon, and is said to derive its name and origin from an abbey, founded by the British Prince Ambrosius; which abbey was subsequently changed Founded by the British Prince Ambrosius. into a convent of Benedictine monks, of which some remains are still to be seen. In the parish, and about two miles from the town, is the celebrated British monument, known by the name of Stone-henge. Antiquaries differ in their opinions as to the probable application of this structure; the majority, however, deem it to have been a druidical Stone-henge. temple, or a grand tribunal of justice. Out of twenty-four enormous stones, of which the outer circular range appears to have been formed, seventeen are still standing, and seven on the ground; of the inner circle, eleven out of the nineteen of which it was formed are still upright, and the remainder prostrate. The distance of the inner circle from the outer one is about eight feet, forming a walk between the two of about three hundred feet in circumference; the stones are from eighteen to twenty feet high, from six to seven feet broad, and about three feet thick, and there is an appearance of the whole having been surrounded with a trench, over which were three passages. There are numerous barrows and tumuli around it, where many skeletons and military weapons have been discovered. Conjecture has been at a loss to ascertain the means by which such solid masses could have been conveyed, and placed in so elevated a situation without the aid of machinery. It stands near the summit of a hill; even at the distance of half a mile the appearance is awful; but on a nearer approach, the eye is still more delighted with the greatness of its contour. On entering the building, either on foot or horseback, these Its awful appearance. ruins fill the mind with astonishment, which it is impossible for the pen adequately to describe. Other buildings have fallen by piece-meal—here a single stone is a ruin. As you advance farther, the greatness of every part, and the singular construction of the whole, causes additional surprise. Some authors suppose that this noble temple does not owe its defacement so much to the introduction of Christianity, as to the rude and barbarous hands of the neighbouring peasantry, who have carried away the stones for their own purposes. At a house which occupies part of the ancient nunnery, Nunnery of St. Augustine. a society of nuns of St. Augustine, from Flanders, have taken up their abode, probably attracted by the supposed sanctity of the situation. Near the town stands the once celebrated house of the Dukes of Queensbury, built by Inigo Jones, and subsequently improved by the Earl of Burlington. The neighbourhood abounds with clay used for making tobacco pipes, and the river Avon supplies a very much admired species of fish called loach. In the vicinity is a camp, called Vespasians. It consists Camp of 39 acres. of a triangular area of 39 acres, defended by a ditch and vallum, and bounded on two sides by the Avon. This may have been occupied by the Romans, but its construction and position indicate a British origin.

Market, Friday.—Mail arrives 11 P.M., departs 4 A.M.—Fair, May 17, June 22, December 18, for horses, sheep, and horned cattle.—Inn, George.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
47	Almwich[A]	pa	Anglesey	Beaumaris	20	Llanerch	6	Holyhead	21	261	6285
43	Amotherby	to	N.R. York	New Malton	3	Pickering	7	Helmsley	11	221	246
15	Ampney Cruci	pa	Gloucester	Cirencester	3	Northleach	9	Lechlade	9	87	599

[A] ALMWICH, a seaport town in the parish of the same name, in the hundred of Twerclyn. It is situated on the north coast of the Island of Anglesey; and from a small village (in consequence of the discovery of a rich copper-mine in the Parys mountain) has been augmented into a considerable town: the appearance of this celebrated mountain is very rude; it is bare of vegetation, in consequence of the suffocating fumes which issue from it. The Romans are supposed to have obtained copper ore From this place the Romans obtained copper ore. from this place, as many vestiges of what, it is imagined, were their operations, are still traceable. The great riches of the site were not, however, discovered until March 2, 1768, by the lessees of Sir Nicholas Bayley, afterwards Earl of Uxbridge; and equally successful was the Rev. Edward Hughes, proprietor of another part of the same ridge. The substance of the mountain being ore, it has not been worked in the usual way, by shafts and levels, but by direct excavation. "Nature," Mr. Pennant observes, "hath been profuse in bestowing her mineral favours on this spot, for above the copper ore, and not more than three-quarters of a yard beneath the common soil, is a bed of yellowish greasy clay, from one to four yards thick, containing lead ore, and yielding from six hundred to a thousand pounds weight of lead from one ton; and one ton of the metal Lead ore which yields silver also. yields not less than fifty-seven ounces of silver. Mixed with the earth are frequently certain parts, of the colour of cinnabar; whether these are symptomatic of the sulphurous arsenical silver ores, or of quick-silver, I will not pretend to decide. Something interferes with the successful smelting of this earth in the great, insomuch that it has not yet been of that profit to the adventurers, which might reasonably be expected from the crucible assays of it." From this mountain arises a mineral water, which turns the syrup of violets red, without any signs of chalybeate. To enumerate the Various minerals. mineral substances found from time to time would prove a tedious employment, and perhaps an unimportant one. The following are the principal and most useful:—1. Yellow sulphurated copper ore; 2. Native copper, in small quantities; 3. Sulphate of copper, both chrystallized and in solution; 4. Sulphate of lead, containing a small portion of silver; 5. Black ore, containing copper with galenea, calamine, and some silver; 6. Native sulphur. Not far from Parys Mountain is the port whence the ore brought The port, a chasm between the rocks. from the mines is transported to Liverpool and Swansea; it is a chasm between two rocks, large enough to receive thirty vessels, each 200 tons. The two companies employ fifteen brigs, from 100 to 150 tons burden, besides sloops and other craft. The articles exported from these copper mines are principally a coarse copper from the smelting-house, a richer copper ore, dried precipitate of copper from the vitriol pits, refined sulphur, ochre, alum, and green vitriol. Though much improved by the copper companies, this port is so exposed to the swell of the ocean, as to make it difficult and dangerous of access, during the prevalence of high northerly winds.

Fair, November 12.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
15	Ampney Down[A]	pa	Gloucester	Cirencester	6	Cricklade	3	Fairford	4	85	463
15	Ampney, St. Mary,} or Ashbrook }	pa	Ditto	Cirencester	4	Fairford	5	Bibury	3	88	115
15	Ampney, St. Peter		Ditto	Cirencester	4	Fairford	4	Cricklade	5	86	180
43	Ampleforth	pa & to	N.R. York	Helmsley	4	New Malton	13	York	18	223	623
16	Amport	pa	Hants	Andover	5	Ludgershall	5	Salisbury	13	69	731
3	Ampthill [B]	m.t. & pa	Bedford	Bedford	8	Woburn	7	Toddington	7	46	1688
36	Ampton	pa	Suffolk	Bury	5	Ixworth	5	Thetford	8	76	110

[A] AMPNEY DOWN. The church of this place is very curious, and is said to have been built by the Knights Templars, about the year 1260. The church built by the Knights Templars. Under the window at the south-end of the transept, is the tomb of Sir Nicholas de Villiers and his lady, with their effigies, represented under an arch. The knight is represented as a crusader, in mail and surtout, with his legs crossed, his feet resting on a lion, and his right hand on the hilt of his sword; on his left arm is a shield bearing the Cross of St. George, charged with five escalop-shells. This figure is of hard blue stone; that of the lady is of free-stone, and much mutilated. Below the effigies of the knight is a mutilated inscription in the Saxon character. An ancient mansion, built by the family of the Hungerfords, in the reign of Henry the Eighth, was repaired and modernized, as to its exterior, a few years ago. It belongs, with the manor, to the family of Eliot, of Port Eliot, in Cornwall.

[B] AMPTHILL is situated between two hills in the centre of the county. Here is an obelisk of Portland stone, forming a receptacle for a pump; and also a Gothic cross, which was erected in 1744, to the memory of Catherine of Arragon, by the Earl of Upper Ossory, who was then proprietor of Ampthill Park, at a former period the residence of that ill-treated Queen. Under a pear-tree in Ampthill park Sir Philip Sydney wrote part of his Arcadia. This park, which lies to the west of the town, is now the seat of Lord Holland; it was constituted a royal domain by Henry VIII., who conferred a name on the annexed estates, the "Honour of Ampthill;" the old castle in which Queen Catherine resided, stood on a more elevated ground than the present mansion, which is a magnificent structure, with wings, and a flight of steps leading to a handsome hall; the park, which is now united with that of Houghton, is spacious, and presents several most delightful prospects. At the entrance of Ampthill Park there is a pear tree, under which it is reported that Sir Philip Sydney wrote a part of his Arcadia.

Mail arrives 6 A.M.. departs 8½ P.M.—Fairs, May 4, and November 30, for cattle.—Inn, White Hart.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
57	Amroth[A]	pa	Pembroke	Narbeth	6	Tenby	6	Llaugharne	10	251	654
18	Amwell, Great[B]	pa	Hertford	Ware	1	Hoddesdon	3	Hertford	3	20	1321
18	Amwell, Little	chap	Hertford	Ware	1	Hoddesdon	3	Hertford	3	20	369
24	Ancaster[C]	pa	Lincoln	Grantham	6	Sleaford	8	Newark	14	116	491
13	Ancroft	chap	Durham	Berwick	6	Coldstream	10	Wooler	10	253	1384
24	Anderby	pa	Lincoln	Alford	6	Spilsby	10	Saltfleet	12	142	217
32	Anderson, or Anderstone	pa	Dorset	Blandford	7	Bere Regis	3	Poole	12	110	54
7	Anderton	pa	Chester	Northwich	2	Warrington	9	Knutsford	6	175	327
22	Anderton	pa	Lancaster	Wigan	3	Bolton	4	Chorley	5	201	343
36	Andover[D]	m.t. & pa	Hants	Salisbury	18	Stockbridge	7	Whitchurch	7	64	4843

[A] AMROTH. The castle of Amroth, now modernized, from the house formerly called Eare Wear, was in the 15th century, a settlement of the Elliott's. The present proprietor is Captain Ackland, by purchase, from a female representative of the Elliotts. The most judiciously assimilating additions have been made so as to give it every appendage of convenience and luxury. The antique porch is nicely preserved. The conservatory and grapery are entered from the dining-rooms, which was once a vaulted roofed ale cellar, or castle prison. A portion of this vault remains unaltered. From the lawn is a beautiful and interesting view of Tenby. The View of Tenby. church of Amroth, on the road to Ludchurch, is situated on a limestone rock, which has been reduced on every side, and is remarkable for a curiously disposed tower.

[B] GREAT AMWELL is supposed to have derived its name from Emma's Emma's Well, one of sources of the New River Well, a pure water-fountain that issues from a hill, and forms one of the sources of the New River. Here is a monument erected by Mr. Milne, to the ill-requited Sir Hugh Middleton, in a small islet formed by the said river. Sir Hugh, notwithstanding the assistance afforded him by Parliament, and the City of London, ruined himself by procuring supplies of water to the metropolis. Great mystery envelopes the latter period of his life. It is traditionally reported that he retired to the village of Kemberton, Indigence of Sir Hugh Middleton. near Shiffnall, in Shropshire, where he resided some time in great indigence, under the assumed name of Raymond, and it is said that during such residence he was actually employed in paving the streets. The poet Warner, author of "Albion's England," lies interred here. The church is situated on an eminence, the picturesque beauty of which has been justly celebrated by the admirable poet, usually denominated Scott of Amwell, from his residence in the village, and the title of his poem.

[C] ANCASTER. This parish is situated on the great Roman road, called Ermin-street, and bears strong evidence of having been a Roman station; many authors unite to fix here the ancient Causennæ. It occupies a low situation, and at the north end flows a small brook. From the vestiges which remain of military works it has certainly been a place of great strength. A great number of coins, and other antiquities, have been found here in such quantities, as to become a source of considerable emolument to the inhabitants of the place; so much so, that at one time many became extensive dealers in them. These coins are of various Emperors. Several Mosaic pavements. mosaic pavements have also been discovered here. It is highly probable from these circumstances, that Ancaster was the Causennæ of Antoninus. About the town are several quarries of stone, which is found very near the surface. Ancaster once gave the title of Duke to the head of the Bertie family, but that Dukedom is now extinct.

[D] ANDOVER, situated on the river Anton, is supposed to have been the Andaoreon of the Romans; and this opinion seems to have been countenanced by the remains of several ancient encampments in the neighbourhood, and by the Roman road, which runs from Winchester to Cirencester, and passes through the town. The antiquity of the corporation is as remote as the reign of John, but the present charter was granted by Queen Elizabeth; the town is extensive, and two of the streets are handsome and wide. There is a spacious town-hall, supported by arches, under which the weekly market is held. The church, situated at the north of the town, is a large Gothic building, consisting of a nave, side aisles, and chancel, with a transept on the north, and a low tower rising from the centre; it existed in the time of the Conqueror, and is dedicated to St. Mary. Within Weyhill Fair. four miles of the town is held the great annual fair of Weyhill, which, as it lasts for a week, causes much circulation of money in Andover. In addition to the many small Roman encampments in the immediate neighbourhood, there is a very large one on the summit of Bury Hill, about two miles to the S.S.W.

Market, Saturday.—Mail arrives 2¾ A.M., departs 11¾ P.M.—Fairs, Friday and Saturday after Mid-Lent, for cheese, horses, and leather; May 17, November 13, for sheep, horses, leather, and cheese.—Bankers, T. & W. Heath, draw on Masterman and Co.—Inns, Star and Garter, and White Hart.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
54	Andrew, St.	pa	Glamorgan	Cardiff	5	Llandaff	5	Cowbridge	8	165	474
54	Andrew, St. Minor	pa	Glamorgan	Cowbridge	3	Bridgend	6	Cardiff	15	175	16
36	Andrew, St. Ilketshall	pa	Suffolk	Bungay	4	Beccles	4	Halesworth	7	106	512
34	Angersleigh	pa	Somerset	Taunton	4	Wellington	4	Ilminster	11	145	54
29	Angerton (High)	to	Northumb	Morpeth	9	Hartburn	1	Rothbury	12	290	64
29	Angerton, (Low)	to	Northumb	...	9	...	2	...	13	289	55
57	Angle	pa	Pembroke	Pembroke	9	Milford by W	6	The Lightho.	4	264	458
47	Anglesey, Isle of[A]		North Wales								48328
22	Anglezarke	to	Lancaster	Bolton	6	Chorley	5	Blackburn	9	203	168

[A] ANGLESEY (Isle and County of), forms one of the six counties of North Wales, and is situated at the north western extremity of the principality. It is watered on three sides by the Irish sea, and separated on the eastern side from Caernarvonshire, by the serpentine strait of Menai, from three-quarters to half a mile broad. Its form is irregular, being indented with many small bays and creeks, which gave it some maritime importance under its native princes. It has received numerous appellations from the ancient Britons; the most approved of which was Mon, signifying remote, Latinised by the Romans into Mona, the "nurse of Wales," from its fruitfulness; and changed by the Saxons into Angles-ey, or the Englishman's Island. It was the principal establishment of the Originally the principal establishment of the Druids. Druids in Britain, until this island was invaded by the Romans, A.D. 59, under Suetonius Paulinus, who ordered their groves to be cut down, and stationed a garrison to insure obedience. The climate of Anglesey is mild, and the sea-breezes render the weather more temperate here than in the other counties of North Wales, although from the same cause it is less clear: that portion of the island which borders on the Menai, the site of the terrific Druidical groves, is richly wooded. The interior, on the contrary, owing to the great scarcity of fuel, has been rendered nearly devoid of wood; and the greater part of the island possesses little of hill and dale beyond a gentle and undiversified undulation of surface; its general aspect is uninviting and cheerless. The land, however, is good, and under proper management very productive, as respects both tillage and pasturage. About 25,000 head of black cattle (exclusive of sheep and hogs), are Annual exportation of cattle. annually supplied to the English market, where they are much admired for their flavour and tenderness, occasioned by the short bite of the pasturage on which they feed. Before the erection of the suspension bridge, the passage of the numerous droves of cattle at the five authorized ferries of the Menai, was a very extraordinary sight; they were made to swim over, guided by the drovers in boats. Butter, cheese, hides, tallow, wax, and honey, form also great articles of trade here; throughout the island there are but few manufactures of any importance. The shore abounds in some of the most highly prized marine productions, and is especially celebrated Prized for its marine productions. for the variety and beauty of its sea shells. Anglesey is as interesting to the antiquary, as to the natural philosopher. The ancient British vestiges are very numerous; comprising no less than twenty-eight cromlechs, or Druidical altars, together with circles, monumental stones, entrenchments, and other remains of a similar description, both British and Roman, which will receive attention in their proper places; several of the parish churches (of which the whole, seventy-four, stand near the coast), with various monastic remains, also deserve examination on the score of antiquity. Mona, now Anglesey, was the chief seat of the Druids, A.D. 59. Suetonius Paulinus, in the reign of Nero, was invested with the command of Invasion of the Romans an army, and prepared to signalize his name by victories over those barbarians. Finding this island the chief seat of the Druids, he resolved to attack it, and bring into subjection a place which was the centre of their superstition, and which afforded protection to all their baffled forces. The Britons endeavoured to obstruct his landing on this sacred island, both by the force of their arms, and the terrors of their religion. The women and priests were intermingled with the soldiers upon the shore; and running about with flaming torches in their hands, and tossing their disheveled hair, they struck greater terror into the astonished Romans by their howlings, cries and execrations, than the real danger from the armed forces was able to inspire. But Suetonius, exhorting his troops to disregard the menaces of a superstition which he despised, impelled them to the attack, drove the Britons off the field, burned the Druids in the same fires which those The Druids burnt in the fires they had prepared for their enemies. priests had prepared for their captive enemies; destroyed all their consecrated groves and altars—and having thus triumphed over the religion of the Britons, he thought his future progress would be easy in reducing the people to subjection; but in this expectation he was disappointed. The circumference of the island is seventy-six miles. The sea-passage from Holyhead to Dublin, is about sixty miles, which is now traversed by steam packets daily. Next to agriculture, and the rearing of cattle, mining affords most employment to the labouring population; a great number of persons are also engaged in fishing and catching wild-fowl, round the coast. It comprises 200,000 acres of land.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
37	Agmering	pa	Sussex	L. Hampton	4	Arundel	4	Steyning	8	58	928
46	Angram	to	N.R. York	Tadcaster	3	Wetherby	7	York	6	194	67
43	Angram Grange	to	N.R. York	Easingwold	4	Thirsk	7	Borobridge	11	217	28
29	Anick	to	Northumb	Hexham	2	Corbridge	3	Newcastle	18	278	163
29	Anick Grange	to	Northumb	...	2	...	3	...	18	278	36
46	Anlaby	to	E.R. York	Hull	4	Beverley	7	South Cave	7	171
27	Anmer	pa	Norfolk	Castle Rising	6	Burnham M.	10	Lynn	11	106	132
30	Annesley	pa	Nottingham	Mansfield	6	Nottingham	10	Newsted Ab.	3	134	402
39	Ansley[A]	pa	Warwick	Nuneaton	5	Atherstone	3	Coventry	9	101	773
35	Anslow, or Annesley	to	Stafford	Burton-on-T.	3	Uttoxeter	9	Abbots Brom	8	128	270

[A] ANSLEY became the property of the Ludford family, by purchase, in 1613. Ansley Hall, an irregular but commodious residence, the manorial seat of John Newdigate Ludford, Esq., is situated in an extensive park, A hermitage and Chinese temple. rich in natural and artificial beauties, containing a hermitage erected with the materials of an ancient oratory, in which Warton, who visited it in 1758, left his beautiful verses, beginning:—

Beneath this stony roof reclined,
I sooth to peace my pensive mind.

On an insulated spot is also a Chinese temple, or cell, which contains a monument of the Purefoy family, removed from Caldecote Church in 1796. Ansley church has some remains of Saxon and early Norman architecture, and a square tower of remarkable beauty at the west end.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
18	Anstey[A]	pa	Herts	Barkway	3	Buntingford	4	Stocking Pel.	4	33	417
23	Anstey	chap	Leicester	Leicester	4	Mount Sorrel	5	Loughboro'	8	100	850
39	Anstey	pa	Warwick	Coventry	5	Nuneaton	6	Rugby	10	93	268
41	Anstey	pa	Wilts	Hindon	5	Shaftesbury	6	Wilton	9	95	348
11	Anstey, East	pa	Devon	Dulverton	3	S. Moulton	10	Bampton	6	169	166
11	Anstey, West	pa	Devon	...	4	...	9	...	7	169	226
45	Anston	to & pa	W.R. York	Worksop	6	Tickhill	7	Sheffield	10	152	776
8	Anthony, St.	pa	Cornwall	Falmouth	5	Helston	8	Lizard Point	12	275	300
8	Anthony, St.	pa	Cornwall	St. Mawes	2	Falmouth	3	Truro	9	270	144
27	Antingham	pa	Norfolk	N. Walsham	3	Cromer	6	Aylesham	6	126	248
8	Anthony, West, or St.Jacobs[B]	pa	Cornwall	Devonport	4	Saltash	4	St. Germains	3	123	3099
7	Antrobus	to	Chester	Northwich	4	Warrington	8	Frodsham	11	179	476
24	Anwick	pa	Lincoln	Sleaford	5	Tattershall	8	Metheringh	9	120	235
28	Apethorpe	chap	Northamp	Wandesford	4	Stamford	7	Oundle	6	84	297
24	Apley	chap	Lincoln	Wragby	2	Lincoln	10	Horncastle	12	143	152
15	Apperley	ham	Gloucester	Tewkesbury	4	Cheltenham	6	Glocester	6	104	401
24	Appleby[C]	pa	Lincoln	Glandford B.	7	Burton	5	Barton	8	163	517

[A] ANSTEY. In this village are the remains of a castle, built in the Ruins of a Castle. reign of the Conqueror, by Eustace, Earl of Boulogne, for the purpose of keeping the English in greater subjection; it was demolished in the time of Henry III., and the parish church formed of its materials. The moat surrounding the mount upon which the keep was built, with additional works made in the reign of King John, still remains. In the south aisle of the church is an ancient monument, with the effigies, as traditionally reported, of Richard de Anstre the founder. The Roman road called Ermine Street, passes through this village.

[B] ST. ANTHONY, consists of the two manors of East and West Anthony, formerly in the Dawney family, but now in that of the Carews. East Anthony House, the seat of the Right Hon. Reginald Pole Carew, M.P., is situated on a branch of the Lynher Creek, nearly opposite Trematon Mount Edgecomb. Castle. It is a large square building, of Pentuan stone, finished by Gibbs the architect, about the year 1721. This mansion contains a respectable collection of old portraits, amongst which is one of Richard Carew, the historian, with a device of a diamond on an anvil, with a hammer suspended over it. The church contains several monuments well Seat of the Carew family. deserving attention. Besides numerous memorials of the Carew family, there is in the chancel, the form of a lady, on a brass plate, beneath an elegant gothic canopy, in memory of Margery Arundell, who died Lady of the Manor in the early part of the fifteenth century. Sir Alexander Carew, a gentleman of large property, and one of the representatives of the county, at the commencement of the civil wars, being averse to the measures of the court, and having been intrusted by Parliament with the command of St. Michael's Island and Fort, he attempted to deliver them into the King's Sir A. Crew beheaded. possession; but the design being discovered to the Parliament, he was suddenly seized and carried prisoner to Plymouth, and there the women were so enraged against him, that it was with difficulty he was rescued from their vengeance. From thence he was conveyed by sea to London, where he was expelled by the Commons, and being tried by a court-martial, was found guilty and beheaded on Tower Hill, December 23, 1644. West Anthony, or St. Jacobs. This is a very pleasing village, which has risen into importance from its proximity to the towns of Devonport, Plymouth and Stonehouse; it is a favourite residence of the officers connected with the dockyards and navy at these important towns. Near this place is Mount Edgecomb, the residence of the Earl of that title; it is celebrated for the beauty of its situation, near the sea, and being a much admired stroll for the inhabitants of, and visitors to Plymouth.

[C] APPLEBY is situate on the river Ancholme, which rises in the wolds near Market Raisin, whence, it takes a northerly direction near Glandford Bridge, it is navigable to the Humber for barges of small burden. That very ancient British road—the Ermine-street—passes through the village. This line of road was afterwards adopted by the Romans; it enters the county to the west of Stamford, and preserving nearly a due northerly direction, passing through the city of Lincoln, continues its course to the banks of the Humber; it is cast up to a great height, and is in some places seven yards in breadth.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
10	Appleby, G. & Lit.[A]	pa	Derb. & Leic.	Ashby	6	M. Bosworth	7	Atherstone	7	112	1150
40	Appleby[B]	m.t. & pa	Westmor	Brough	8	Penrith	14	Orton	9	270	1459

[A] APPLEBY, a populous village, which connects the four counties of Leicester, Derby, Stafford, and Warwick. Here is a free grammar school for 100 boys, founded by Sir John Moore, in 1697.

[B] APPLEBY. This town is situated on the river Eden, by which it is almost surrounded, and by some antiquaries it is supposed to occupy the site of the Roman station Aballaba. It has been the county town since the reign of Edward the Confessor. It is governed by a Mayor, Aldermen, and capital Burgesses; the Mayor having authority to arrest for any sum without limitation. Appleby did send two representatives to Parliament, but has been disfranchised by the Reform Bill. It has many times been assailed by the Scots, who burnt it in 1388; and in 1598 it Burnt by the Scots. suffered seriously by a pestilence, from which time it has never recovered its former size and consequence. The town at present consists of one broad street, built irregularly on the slope of a hill, at the upper part of which stands the castle, which is of early Norman, if not of Saxon origin; and at the lower end the parish church. The ancient market houses or cloisters, were pulled down in 1811, and a handsome gothic building, erected by Smirke, in their stead. Here are also a town-hall and gaol; and at each end of the town stands a stone obelisk or cross. Appleby received charters from Hen. II., John, and Hen. III., all which were given up to James II., since which period it has subsisted as a borough by prescription. Crackenthorpe Hall, a manorial residence in this parish, was from the earliest period of authenticated record, the mansion of the Machels, a Saxon family, who eventually alienated it to the late Earl of Lonsdale. Near this seat, which is at present neglected, is a Roman camp 300 yards long and 150 yards broad, with three entrances, and a watch tower or fort, at the distance of bow-shot. Appleby has produced some eminent characters, among whom should be noticed Thomas de Veripont, Bishop of Carlisle, in 1255. Thomas de Appleby, Bishop of Carlisle, in 1363. Roger de Appleby, Bishop of Ossory, Eminent characters born here. in 1404; and Dr. Christopher Potter, Provost of Queen's College, Oxford, Prebendary of Windsor, and Dean of Worcester; the last named was vice-chancellor of Oxford when the civil wars of Charles I. broke out, and sent all his plate to the king, stating that he would drink as Diogenes did, from the hollow of his hand, before his majesty should want. Here is a free Grammar School, richly endowed, which is open to all the children of the town upon paying 2s. 6d. per quarter to the Master; and also five scholarships, founded by the Earl of Thanet at Queen's College, Oxford, and entitled to participate in five exhibitions of £60. per annum at the same college, on the foundation of Lady Elizabeth Hastings. An Hospital for thirteen widows, founded by the celebrated Anne, Countess of Pembroke and Montgomery, heiress of the Cliffords, the possessors of the castle for several centuries; by the marriage of whose eldest daughter it became the property of the family of Tufton, Earl of Thanet. The main portion of the present castle which is of a square form, was built in 1686 out of the ruins of a part of the former, by Thomas, Earl of Thanet. Appleby Castle survived the attacks of the Parliamentary Army, under the Appleby castle. influence of its owner, the aforesaid Countess Anne, but was compelled to yield in 1648. The church of St. Lawrence, which was partly built by the same spirited lady, contains a noble monument to her memory. The market is one of the best supplied with corn in its vicinity. It however possesses but little trade, and no manufacture of importance.

Market, Saturday—Mail arrives at 1½ A.M., departs 11¼ P.M.—Fairs, October 7 and 8, for sheep, &.C; November 24, for sheep and oxen; November 5, for pigs.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
11	Appledore	pa	Devon	Bideford	2	Torrington	11	Barnstaple	7	204	1450
21	Appledore[A]	m.t. & pa	Kent	Tenterden	4	New Romney	7	Rye	6	61	698
38	Appledram	pa	Sussex	Chichester	2	Portsmouth	16	Petersfield	13	64	188
16	Appledurcombe	ham	Hants	Newport	6	Niton	3	Shanklin	3	91
5	Appleford	chap	Berks	Abingdon	4	Dorchester	3	Wallingford	6	52	179
16	Appleshaw,[B]	vil. & chap	Hants	Ludgershall	4	Andover	5	Salisbury	18	68	355
40	Applethwaite[C]	to	Westmor	Ambleside	5	Bowness	3	Kendall	8	270	417
4	Appleton[D]	to & pa	Berks	Abingdon	5	Oxford	6	Wantage	10	61	441
22	Appleton	to	Lancashire	Warrington	7	Prescot	5	Liverpool	11	195	1439
44	Appleton	to	N.R. York	Catterick	3	Richmond	4	Bedale	6	228	83
43	Appleton-le-Moors	to	N.R. York	Pickering	5	Kirkby	3	Helmsley	8	231	269
43	Appleton-le-Street	to	N.R. York	New Malton	4	Pickering	7	York	18	218	860
46	Appleton-Roebuck	to	N.R. York	York	7	Selby	8	Tadcaster	5	189	538
44	Appleton-on-Wisk	to	N.R. York	Yarm	7	Northallerton	7	Darlington	11	232	553
30	Appletree	ham	Northamp	Banbury	7	Daventry	10	Southam	9	77	83
44	Appletrewick[E]	to	N.R. York	Skipton	8	Settle	16	Burnsall	1	224	425

[A] APPLEDORE is situated on the banks of the river Rother, in the hundred of Blackburn, lathe of Scray, and was a place of some maritime Principally inhabited by Graziers. consequence in the reign of Alfred. The town is at present chiefly inhabited by graziers and others employed in the marshes, to which it is very near. The church is built on the foundation of a castle or fort, which had been erected by the Danes, who sailed up to this town in the year 893.

Market. Tuesday.—Fairs. Jan. 11, and 4th Mon. in June for cattle and pedlery.

[B] APPLESHAW.—Great Show Fair, Friday and Saturday before Weyhill Fair. Nov. 4 and 5, all for sheep.

[C] APPLETHWAITE. All the fisheries on the lovely lake of Winandermere belong to the inhabitants of this thriving village, and subject Lake of Winandermere. only to a tithe of the fish caught to the Rector of Winandermere, who makes composition for the same, by a sum prescribed by each boat. The red char, esteemed so great a delicacy, is said to be peculiar to the lakes of Winandermere and Ullswater; this delicious fish is taken in nets Grand Regatta. during the months of October and May, when they are potted and sent to different parts of the kingdom. About the beginning of September a grand regatta is given on the lucid waters of the lake, attended by families of the first distinction.

[D] APPLETON. This village was the birth place of the famous physician and chemist, Edmund Dickinson, who was born in the year 1624. At 20 years of age he went to the university of Oxford; in 1655, (he published a work to prove) that the Greeks borrowed the story of the Pythian Apollo, Birth place of the learned Edmund Dickinson and all that related to the Oracle of Delphos, from the Holy Scriptures. In consequence of some excellent cures, he was appointed Physician to Charles II., and afterwards became a convert to the doctrine of the Transmutation of Metals; and wrote a work, the object of which is to prove, "that the method and mode of the creation of the universe, (according to the principles of true philosophy,) are strictly and concisely laid down by Moses." He died in 1707.

[E] APPLETREWICK. In this village was born William Craven, the founder of the noble House of Craven, who by his industry and good House of Craven. conduct arose from an humble station to the dignity of Lord Mayor of London—a proof of the advantages attendant on industry.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
4	Arborfield[A]	to	Berks	Wokingham	5	Swallowfield	3	Reading	4	36	268
22	Arbury	to	Lancaster	Newton	3	Warrington	2	Liverpool	18	186	280
7	Arclid	to	Chester	Sandbach	2	Congleton	5	Middlewich	6	162	79
45	Arden	to	W.R. York	Thirsk	10	Stokesley	11	Kirkby	10	227	130
38	Ardingley[B]	pa	Sussex	Cuckfield	4	E. Grinstead	7	Crawley	7	33	587
4	Ardington	pa	Berks	Wantage	3	Abingdon	8	East Ilsley	7	57	404
14	Ardleigh	pa	Essex	Colchester	5	Manningtree	4	Dedham	2	56	1545
31	Ardley	pa	Oxford	Bicester	4	Middleton	3	Aynhoe	5	58	170
45	Ardsley	to	W.R. York	Barnsley	2	Wakefield	11	Rotherham	8	172	1029
45	Ardsley,[C] East & West	to & pa	W.R. York	Wakefield	5	Leeds	6	Huddersfield	11	187	2303

[A] ARBORFIELD, in the hundred of Sonning. In this parish, near the church, is an ancient Manor-house, well worthy of the observation of the Antiquary; it was built by the family of the Standens, who were Lords of the Manor in the 17th century. The last male heir of this ancient family Molly Mogg. was Edward Standen, the person alluded to in the popular ballad of Molly Mogg.

Fair, October 5, cattle.

[B] ARDINGLEY. In the parish church are several monuments of the ancient families of the Wakehursts and Culpeppers; one of which is a tomb to the memory of Nicholas Culpepper and his lady, who died in the beginning of the sixteenth century. This monument bears his portraiture with that of his wife and eighteen children. Nicholas Culpepper, the celebrated Culpepper, the herbalist and astrologer. herbalist and astrologer, was born in London in 1616, and after receiving his education at the university of Cambridge, was apprenticed to an apothecary. He came to London and settled in Spitalfields about 1642. He commenced a war with the College of Physicians, by accusing them of deceit and ignorance, and published a translation of their "Dispensary," giving an account of the supposed virtues of each drug, and the complaints in which they were used. He was also author of the "Herbal," which is written with much clearness, and distinctly explained. It passed through many editions. From the tenor of his writings, it may be gathered that he joined or at least favoured the Jesuits.

Fair, May 30, Pedlary.

[C] ARDSLEY. The birth place of James Nayler, a Quaker, who was remarkable both on account of the extravagance of the delusions which for J. Nayler, the Quaker, a remarkable fanatic; some time possessed him and his followers, and the excessive severity of the punishment which was inflicted upon him. He was the son of an industrious little farmer, who supported his family by the cultivation of his own estate. About the age of twenty-two he married, and removed into the parish of Wakefield, where he continued till the breaking out of the civil wars in 1641. He then entered into the parliament army, and served as a soldier eight or nine years, at first under Lord Fairfax, and becomes a soldier. afterwards as quarter-master in major-general Lambert's troop in Scotland; till, being disabled by sickness, he returned home about the year 1649. At this time he was a member of the Independent party, and continued so till the year 1651, when the preaching of George Fox made him a convert to the communion of the Quakers, as they are called. Among them he soon commenced preacher, and, according to their judgment, acquitted himself well both in speaking and writing.

In the beginning of the following year he imagined he heard a voice, calling upon him to renounce his kindred and his father's house, and go into the west, promising that God would be with him. In obedience to this voice, which he believed to be the voice of God, he went about preaching from place to place, and greatly increased the numbers of the new sect. Towards the close of the year 1654, or early in 1655, he came to London, where he found a meeting of Friends which had been established by Edward Burrough and Francis Howgill, among whom he so greatly distinguished himself by his preaching, that many drew invidious comparisons between him and his brethren, which created uneasiness and differences in the society. To such a length did these proceed, that some women, admirers of Nayler, assumed the liberty of interrupting and disputing with Howgill and Burrough in the midst of their preachings, and thus disturbed the peace of the meetings. For this conduct they were reproved by these preachers; upon which they complained so loudly and passionately to Nayler, that he was weak enough to take their part, and was so intoxicated with their flattering praises, that he became estranged from his best friends, who strongly disapproved of and lamented his conduct. In the year 1658 we find him in Devonshire, where he was committed to Exeter Committed to Exeter Jail for blasphemy. jail for propagating his opinions. Here he received letters from some of his female admirers and others, written in the most extravagant strains, calling him the everlasting Son of righteous—the Prince of peace—the only begotten Son of God—the fairest among ten thousand, &c., and some of his followers kneeled before him in the prison, and kissed his feet. It is but justice, however, to the Quakers in general to mention, that they had now disowned Nayler and his adherents.

Soon afterwards Nayler was released from imprisonment, and intended to return to London, but, taking Bristol in his way, as he passed through Glastonbury and Wells, his deluded attendants strewed their garments before him. When they came to Bedminster, about a mile from Bristol, Extravagant conduct of his admirers. they carried their extravagance to the highest pitch; for they formed a procession in imitation of our Saviour's entrance into Jerusalem, in which a man walked bare-headed before Nayler, and a woman led his horse, while other women spread their scarfs and hankerchiefs in the road, and the company sung, "Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God of hosts; Hosanna in the highest! holy, holy is the Lord God of Israel!" In this manner these mad people made their entrance into Bristol, marching through the mire and dirt, to the amazement of some, and the diversion of others; but the magistrates thought proper to interfere, and, after what had passed, committed them to prison. Soon afterwards they were sent to London and a committee was appointed by parliament to examine witnesses against Nayler, upon a charge of blasphemy, for admitting religious worship to be paid ti him, and for assuming the names and incommunicable titles and attributes of our blessed Saviour. Before the committee, he did not deny what was alleged concerning the extraordinary proceeding in Exeter jail, and at his entrance into Bristol; while defending himself by maintaining that the honours which he received were not shown to him, but to Christ who dwelt within him; and if they were offered to any other than to Christ, he disowned them.

However, the committee having made a report to the house on the fifth of December, declaring the charge well founded, on the following day he was sent for, and heard at the bar; and on the eighth they resolved that "James Nayler is guilty of horrid blasphemy, and that he is a grand impostor, Condemned by the House of Commons for blasphemy. and a great seducer of the people." The next business to be determined on was, the nature of the punishment to be inflicted on him; which occupied the debate of the house, both on forenoons and afternoons, till the 16th of December, many members being for putting him to death, (and losing their vote, as secretary Thurloe informs us, only by fourteen voices,) while many other members totally disapproved of the severity which was used against him. At length, on the following day, after a considerable debate, the majority came to the resolution, "That James Nayler be set in the pillory, in the Palace-yard, Westminster, during the space of two hours, on Thursday next; and be whipt by the hangman through the streets from Westminster to the Old Exchange, and there likewise be set with his head in the pillory, for the space of two hours, between the hours of eleven and one on Saturday next; in each place wearing Cruel sentence—his tongue bored with a hot iron. a paper, containing an inscription of his crimes: And that at the Old Exchange, his tongue be bored through with a hot iron; and that he be there also stigmatized in the forehead with the letter B: That he be afterwards sent to Bristol, and be conveyed into and through the said city on horseback, with his face backward, and there also publicly whipt the next market-day after he comes thither: And that from thence he be committed to prison in Bridewell, London, and there to labour hard till he be released by parliament; and, during that time, be debarred the use of pen, ink, and paper, and shall have no relief but what he earns by his daily labour."

On the eighteenth of December, the first part of it was carried into execution with the greatest rigour; but he was brought into a state of such extreme weakness by his cruel whipping, that, upon repeated applications to the parliament, his punishment was respited for one week. The His punishment respited Protector was then addressed, and wrote a letter to the house, which, though it occasioned some debate, obtained no resolution in favour of the prisoner. On this the petitioners presented a second address to Cromwell; but, it is said the influence of the ministers prevented its effect.

On the twenty-seventh of December, the remainder of Nayler's sentence was executed at the Old Exchange. Afterwards he was sent to Bristol, where he was publicly whipt, from the middle of Thomas-street, over the bridge to Broad-street. From Bristol, he was brought back to Bridewell, London, where he was confined about two years; during which his mind recovered from the frenzy which had governed it, and he felt deep humiliation and sincere repentance on account of his past conduct.

After the protector's death, Nayler was released from prison, and went to Bristol, where, in a public meeting, he made a confession of his offence His contrition and death. and fall, in a manner so affecting as to draw tears from most of those who were present, and having afforded satisfactory evidence of his unfeigned contrition, was again received into the communion of his friends.

Nayler did not long survive his enlargement, for having left London in October 1660, with the intention of going home to his wife and children at Wakefield, he was taken ill in Huntingdonshire, where, it is said, he was robbed and left bound in a field. Whether he received any personal injury is not known, but being found towards evening by a countryman, he was carried to a friend's house, at Holm, near King's Ripon, where he expired in the month of December, when about 44 years of age. The expressions uttered by him about two hours before his death, both in justice to his name, which is so conspicuous in the history of the reveries of the human imagination, and on account of their own excellence, ought not to be omitted in the memoirs of his life.

"There is a spirit which I feel," said he, "that delights to do no evil, nor to revenge any wrong, but delights to endure all things, in hopes to enjoy its own in the end. Its hope is to outlive all wrath and contention, and to weary out all exaltation and cruelty, or whatever is of a nature contrary to itself. It sees to the end of all temptation: as it bears no evil in itself, so it conceives none in thoughts to any other. If it be betrayed, it bears it, for its ground and spring is the mercies and forgiveness of God. Its crown is meekness, its life is everlasting love unfeigned, and takes its kingdom with entreaty and not with contention, and keeps it by lowliness of mind."

His writings were collected together, and published in an octavo volume in 1716.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
22	Ardwick	chap	Lancaster	Manchester	1	Stockport	6	Ashton	6	182	5524
42	Areley, Kings	pa	Worcester	Bewdley	4	Kiddermin.	5	Worcester	11	122	372
35	Areley, Upper	pa	Worcester	Bewdley	3	Kiddermin.	5	Stourbridge	10	131	735
46	Argam	pa	E.R. York	Bridlington	5	Hunmanby	3	Gt. Driffield	12	211	29
45	Arkendale	chap	W.R. York	Knaresboro'	3	Boro'bridge	4	Ripley	6	203	260
45	Arkengarth-Dale[A]		W.R. York	Richmond	11	Askrigg	7	Reeth	3	245	1446
14	Arkesden	pa	Essex	Saff. Walden	7	Chesterford	7	Royston	7	40	490
23	Arkholm	to & chap	Lancaster	Kirby Lonsd	5	Lancaster	10	Burton	4	250	349
45	Arksey	pa	W.R. York	Doncaster	2	Thorne	8	Tickhill	8	164	1171
9	Arlecdon	pa	Cumberland	Whitehaven	5	Workington	7	Buttermere	9	299	475
39	Arfey	pa	Warwick	Nuneaton	6	Atherstone	6	Coleshill	6	100	270
16	Arlingham	pa	Gloucester	Newnham	3	Gloucester	12	Stroudwater	11	120	744
11	Arlington	pa	Devon	Barnstaple	6	Ilfracomb	8	S. Molton	12	193	235
15	Arlington	to	Gloucester	Fairford	4	Cirencester	6	Northleach	7	85	333
38	Arlington	pa	Sussex	Hailsham	4	Lewes	9	East Bourne	7	62	727
3	Arlsey[B]	pa	Bedford	Baldock	4	Shefford	3	Hitchen	6	41	689
9	Armathwaite[C]	chap	Cumberland	Carlisle	10	Kirk Oswald	5	Penrith	9	292	...
46	Armin	chap	W.R. York	Snaith	6	Howde	3	Thorne	9	175	567
27	Armingall	pa	Norfolk	Norwich	3	Bungay	12	Blofield	6	120	88
35	Armitage[D]	pa	Stafford	Rugeley	2	Abbots Brom	5	Lichfield	6	124	977
45	Armley[E]	to	W.R. York	Leeds	2	Bradford	7	Wakefield	9	192	5159

[A] ARKENGARTH-DALE contains lead mines, which were worked in the reign of King John, and they are still so valuable, that a few years Valuable lead mines. ago the produce was estimated at 2000 tons annually; the inhabitants are chiefly miners.

[B] ARLSEY, or ARSLEY. This village was anciently a market town. In "Doomsday Book," (a book made by order of William the Conqueror, in which all the estates of the kingdom were registered;) its market on Wednesday is recorded, and the tolls valued at 10s. per annum. A fair was held here so long past as the year 1270; but both the market and fair have long been disused. An ancient entrenchment near An ancient entrenchment. the road to Baldock, called Etonbury, was probably the original site of the castle occupied by the Lords of the Manor. This castle appears to have a place of considerable strength. Amongst the ancient monuments in the church is one erected to the memory of Richard Edwards, who is called on his epitaph, the last Grand Reader of the Temple.

[C] ARMATHWAITE. Near this village is a castle, situated on the of the delightful river Eden, in a deep vale; the building from its monastic gloom, appears rather to have been calculated for seclusion than security. The front has been modernized, and is built of hewn stone. Its antiquity has not been ascertained, certain it is the Skeltons resided here as early as the reign of Henry VIII. The most romantic and picturesque scenery surrounds this lovely spot. A magnificent hill throws its solemn shade on the tranquil surface of the river, here broadened into a lake like form. Amongst other grand masses of rock is a projecting crag Rendezvous of wild cats of a bold and grotesque form called the Cat Glent, the rendezvous of many wild inhabitants of the feline tribe; beyond these is a mill and a few sequestered cottages. From this spot the river Eden is no longer tranquil, but rushing down a cataract pours in sonorous violence over a bed of opposing rock, whose immovable crags whirl the stream into eddies as it passes them in its fury. Near this place a nunnery was established by William Rufus, Nunnery founded by William II. who like other profligates, "trembled amidst his impiety," and was willing enough to secure a chance of heaven, provided it could be obtained by any other means than virtuous practice. At the dissolution of Monasteries, owing to the frequent hostilities between the Scots and English, their income amounted to only 18 guineas per annum.

[D] ARMITAGE is situated on the river Soar, in the hundred of Offlow, South, including the hamlet of Handsacre. The entrance to the church is very curiously built in the Saxon style, and the chapel is separated from the nave by a handsome arch. The Grand Trunk Canal passes through a A remarkable tunnel. very noble subterraneous cavern or tunnel, in this parish. The town received its name from having been the residence of a hermit.

[E] ARMLEY. This township is in the parish of St. Patrick, and the liberty of Leeds. It is situated on the banks of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, and of the river Aire, on which there are a number of mills employed in various branches of the clothing trade. An object once of great antiquarian curiosity, called Giants Hill, which was a Danish fortification, is now scarcely traceable, in consequence of its having been cut through to form the Leeds and Liverpool canal.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
42	Armscott	ham	Worcester	Shipston	3	Evesham	10	Alcester	13	86	130
28	Armston	ham	Northamp	Oundle	3	Thrapston	7	Peterboro'	13	77	25
45	Armthorpe	pa	W.R. York	Doncaster	3	Thorne	7	Bawtry	7	162	368
45	Arncliffe	to & pa	W.R. York	Settle	9	Askrigg	12	Middleham	15	231	964
31	Arncott	vill	Oxford	Bicester	3	Oxford	17	Woodstock	11	54	...
12	Arne	pa	Dorset	Wareham	5	Poole	5	Corfe Castle	5	110	171
23	Arnesby	pa	Leicester	Leicester	8	Lutterworth	9	Harborough	10	93	442
30	Arnold	pa	Nottingham	Nottingham	4	Mansfield	10	Oxton	4	128	4054
16	Arreton	pa	Hants	Newport	3	Ryde	6	Niton	7	83	1864
6	Arrington[A]	pa	Cambridge	Caxton	5	Cambridge	11	Royston	11	49	254
7	Arrow	to	Chester	Great Neston	6	Liverpool	5	Chester	18	200	91
39	Arrow	to & pa	Warwick	Alcester	1	Stratford	8	Henley in Ar.	8	103	466
45	Arthington	to	W.R. York	Otley	5	Wetherby	9	Leeds	7	198	360
28	Arthingworth	pa	Northamp	Harborough	5	Rothwell	4	Northamp	11	77	225
9	Arthuret[B]	pa	Cumberland	Longtown	1	Gretna Green	4	Carlisle	7	310	2903
37	Arlington	ti	Surrey	Guildford	1	Godalming	3	Farnham	10	31	...
38	Arundel[C]	bo to & pa	Sussex	Chichester	10	Bognor	7	Worthing.	10	55	2803
26	Arvans, St.	to & pa	Monmouth	Chepstow	3	Tintern Abb.	3	Monmouth	10	138	304

[A] ARRINGTON. This village was anciently called Ermington. It is near Lord Hardwicke's Park. At this place, in the year 1721, the skeletons of sixteen human bodies were found in digging for a water course, Sixteen skeletons found here. within two feet of the surface of the ground. Some pieces of iron much rusted, conjectured to have been pieces of swords were also found. It is supposed the skeletons were the remains of persons who had been killed in endeavouring to obtain possession of the pass over the river Cam, during the civil wars.

[B] ARTHURET. This village is situated on a point of land which in early times was said to have been called Arthur's Head, from whence the name is derived. In this place was both born and buried, Archibald Armstrong, Jester to both King James I., and Charles I. By an incident suitable to his profession, his funeral took place on "All Fools Day," the A merry jester buried on "All Fool's Day." first of April. He was banished the court for speaking too freely of Archbishop Laud's measure of introducing the Liturgy into Scotland, which had produced a considerable tumult. On the arrival of the news of these riots in England, Archy facetiously asked his grace, "Who's the fool now." The joke was bitterly resented by the prelate, who procured an order of council to banish him from the court, for speaking disrespectful words of the Archbishop of Canterbury. This parish is bounded partly by Solway Frith, and forms part of the debateable lands so celebrated in Scottish history; these lands and the celebrated Solway Moss, we shall have occasion to speak further of in the course of the work.

[C] ARUNDEL, is situated on the declivity of a hill, on the north bank of the river Arun, over which there is a bridge. It consists of two principal streets, one of which runs north and south, and the other westward from the point of the union. Many of the houses are built in the castellated style. The church, situated at the north end of the town, originally belonged to a priory of Benedictines, and is supposed to have been founded soon after the conquest of Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Arundel. It is a handsome gothic building with transepts, from the centre of which rises a square tower, with a wooden spire. Some beautiful monuments of Beautiful monuments in the church. the Earls of Arundel may be seen; and one, more magnificent than the rest, is of alabaster, a calcareous earth, which differs from marble, in being combined not with carbonic, but with sulphuric acid. This monument is erected to the memory of Thomas Fitz-Alan, and Beatrice, his countess, a daughter of John, King of Portugal. The charter by which the town is governed, was granted by Queen Elizabeth. It formerly sent two members, but by the Reform Bill, it now sends but one; the ten pound householders are calculated at 380. The borough comprises the parish of Arundel and the returning officer is the mayor. Here was formerly a harbour sufficient to contain vessels of one hundred tons burthen, but it has suffered great damage by the sea. Great quantities of Quantities of Sussex oak shipped from this place. timber for ship building, are still shipped from this place, which has but little trade, yet it is much benefitted in summer by the numerous visitors who resort to it for sea bathing. Of the castle, which stands on the north-east side of the town, mention is first made in the will of King Alfred, who bequeathed it, with the town, to his nephew Adhelm. A popular Tradition ascribes the foundation of the castle to a giant. tradition ascribes the foundation of it to Beris, "a giant of ancient times," in confirmation of which opinion a tower is still pointed out, called Beris Tower. The Conqueror gave it to his kinsman Roger de Montgomery, whom he also created Earl of Arundel, which title belonged to three persons of this family, till Robert Bellesme was outlawed by Henry I. for the assistance he gave to that monarch's brother, Robert. The castle was then settled on Queen Adeliza, who, after the death of her royal consort, gave her hand to William de Albini, one of the most accomplished men of his age. Here the dowager-queen performed the rites of hospitality towards the Empress Maud, in the attempt of that princess to ascend the throne. The last male heir of the name of Albini, died in 1243, when the castle and manor of Arundel fell to his sister, Isabel, whose husband, John Fitz-Alan, made the castle his residence, and assumed the title of Earl of Arundel. The fourth in descent from him forfeited his life and estates, in the attempt to ruin the Despensers, favourites The king presided at the execution of one of its lords. of Edward II.; but the estates were restored to his son, whose successor, in the reign of Richard II., being accused of a conspiracy to seize the king, and put to death the lords of the council, was beheaded; the king presiding at the execution. His son, Thomas Fitz-Alan, was reinstated by Henry IV.; but, he dying without issue, in 1415, the castle devolved to his cousin, Sir John Fitz-Alan, who laid claim to, and obtained the title, on which an act was passed, that the possession of this castle and honour conferred the dignity of Earl without creation. The last Fitz-Alan died in the 22d of Elizabeth, leaving a daughter, who married Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, thus carrying the earldom and estate into that family, to whom they still belong.

Concerning the true period of the foundation of this castle, many conjectures have been entertained. On account of the bricks inserted in the walls of the keep, it has been attributed to the Romans; but such a proof The great antiquity of the castle. is not allowed by the best antiquaries. Its pretensions to the era of the Saxon kings are more explicit. The more ancient parts are the keep or citadel, and the towers which flank the gateway, and connect the whole by means of a sally port. The keep stands upon an artificial mound, the height of which, from the fosse, is one hundred and ten feet on one side, and eighty on the other. Of its external wall, the height is thirty feet, supported by projecting ribs or buttresses. It is eight feet thick, with a wall on the inside, guarded by a parapet as many feet high. The diameter of the room which is faced with Norman or Caen stone, is sixty-seven feet by fifty-nine. There are also Roman bricks placed in the herring-bone fashion, which is observable in most Saxon buildings. In the centre is a subterraneous room and passage; and in a tower attached to the keep, is a well three hundred feet deep. The approach is by a time-worn staircase, and over a narrow pass, commanding the entrance to the building, which bears the marks of a portcullis. The more ancient one towards the east still retains a very rich Saxon door-case. In the tower above the present entrance, was a small chapel or oratory, dedicated to St. George. The The castle dungeons of remarkable depth. tower and gateway facing the base court of the castle are apparently co-temporary with the keep. The other towers are built with flint. The dungeons are on the right and left of the gateway. They consist of eight wards, protected by a draw-bridge from the castle moat. The lower wards are very deep, and partly filled up with rubbish. The foundation walls of these dungeons are not known, although efforts have been employed to discover the length and depth of these frightful abodes. The Empress Maud's apartments are in the tower, above the old gateway. They consist of three bed-rooms. The Saxon keep may justly be termed the ivy-mantled tower, for the walls are literally covered with its leaves. The late Duke of Norfolk was very partial to this retired spot. Here are several remarkably curious owls, elegant, and extremely large; some of them Remarkable owls measuring across the wings, from eight to ten feet. Their plumage is particularly beautiful, and their eyes brilliant. The late duke purchased them from North America. There are many traces of ancient remains about the keep or tower. The spot where the boilers stood, for the purpose of melting the lead to pour down upon the besiegers, and those used for culinary purposes, are still visible. The marks of cannon balls discharged against the tower during the siege of the parliamentary forces, are observable in many places. The ground plan of the present castle nearly resembles that of Windsor Castle, in the exact proportion of nine to fourteen. When the late Duke of Norfolk took possession, the castle was little better than a heap of ruins, but his Grace has restored it to its original magnificence. The building is of free-stone, from the quarries in Yorkshire; and those of a brown cast were carefully selected, in order that they might assimilate in colour with the old remains. The new walls have The late Duke of Norfolk restored the castle to its ancient magnificence. risen upon the ancient model, and correspond with the old ones in solidity of fabric, as well as dignity of ornament. An entire new front of massy stone, which differs materially from the others, particularly in exhibiting the insignia of the Howards, mixed with those of their predecessors, and two colossal figures of liberty and hospitality, ornament the grand entrance. In raising this front, the late duke had the opportunity of enlarging the mansion, and gaining the space now occupied on the basement story, by a long range of servants' offices, including a new kitchen, with two fire places, bake-house, scullery, the steward's and housekeeper's rooms, &c. The cellars are of immense length. The duke weekly employed from 100 to 200 labourers, mechanics, and artists, in the improvement and decorations of this noble edifice, for upwards of twenty-five Employed from 100 to 200 labourers for 25 years. years. The arrangements were formed entirely from his own ideas, and in the progress of the plan, he was exclusively his own architect. On the west wing is a beautiful sculptured basso relievo historical representation of King Alfred receiving the report of the jury, as established in his reign. The costume and draperies are finely carved in stone. The interior of the castle is fitted up with great taste and effect. The richest mahogany has been used in almost every decoration. The walls being more than six feet thick, form a kind of frame for each window, which is five feet deep on the inside, and the whole of this spacious case is lined with mahogany. The window frames which hold the magnificent plate glass panes, three feet each in height, are of the same material; and the solid mahogany doors are held in cases of the thickness of the inner walls, perhaps, four feet deep, all lined with pannels of the richest grain.

In the Barons room the following inscription appears:—

"CHARLES HOWARD, DUKE OF NORFOLK,
EARL OF ARUNDEL,
in the year of Christ, 1806,
in the 60th year of his age,
dedicated this stone
To Liberty, asserted by the Barons,
in the reign of John."

On the 15th of June, 1815, a great festival took place for celebrating the centenary of the signing of Magna Charta. There was a splendid assemblage of the nobility and persons of distinction. Complete suits of ancient Festival to celebrate the signing of Magna Charter held here. armour, with swords and spears, forged in ancient times, and for very different purposes, were either suspended from, or hung around the walls; and every adventitious aid was adopted to give state and majesty to this celebration of the magnanimous conduct of the Barons of England. Nearly three hundred distinguished guests sat down. The head of the table was ornamented with a noble baron of beef, surmounted by the ducal coronet, and the banners of the illustrious house of Norfolk.

The castle occupies a mile in circumference, and the beautiful domains which surround this magnificent structure, are more than seven miles and The times when the castle may be inspected by visitors. a half in circumference, enclosed with a strong fence railing. The grounds are well laid out, in gardens, shrubberies, and plantations. There are three agreeable towers in the park; High Horn, commanding an extensive prospect; and Mount Pleasant, covered with ivy, overlooking the beautiful vale of Sussex. The late duke built another tower, facing the road to Petworth, called the White Ways. The castle is open to the inspection of visitors on the first Sunday in the month after divine service, and on every Monday in the year.

When the buildings on the Norfolk estate adjoining the Strand, London, were erected, it was legally settled, that the whole of the rents, should be expended Estates in London devoted to keep it in repair. for the sole purpose of keeping up Arundel Castle; this has always been acted upon. The original rents having long since fallen in—and the increased income that has been produced by that cause, joined to the general increase of rents in that quarter, has been so great, that it now requires very great ingenuity to contrive the means of laying out all that money according to the directions of the original entail; and this is the real cause of the magnificent style in which that ancient baronial castle is still supported. The estate thus mentioned, comprises the whole of Surrey-street, Arundel-street, Howard-street, and Norfolk-street, which are the entire property of the Norfolk family.

Markets, Wednesday and Saturday.—Mail arrives 7.40. A.M., departs 5.30. P.M.—Fairs, May 14, cattle and hogs; August 21, hogs, cattle, and sheep; September 25, cattle and sheep; December 17, cattle and pedlary; second Tuesday in every month for cattle.—Bankers, Henty and Co., draw on Lubbock and Co.; Hopkins and Co., draw on Williams and Co.—Inns, Crown, and Norfolk Arms.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
40	Asaph, St.[A]	city & pa	Denbigh	Holywell	10	Abergeley	7	Holyhead	57	208	3144
40	Asby[B]	pa	Westmor	Appleby	5	Orton	5	Brough	9	273	436
39	Ascote	ex. pa. ham	Warwick	Southam	2	Warwick	9	Kineton	8	82	12

[A] ST. ASAPH. This city is seated on the decline of a pleasant eminence, between the rivers Clwyd and Elwy, which renders the first appearance striking, though it contains little more than one street. The church stands in the lower part of the town, and serves for the use of the parishioners, the cathedral not being used for parochial purposes; the latter was built about the close of the fifteenth century; it consists of a choir, a nave, two aisles, and a transept. During the protectorship of Cromwell the palace and cathedral were much injured by the post-master, who made great havoc The font of the cathedral used for watering horses. in the choir of the cathedral, using the font as a trough for watering his horses; and by way of venting his spleen on the clergy, tied up calves in the bishop's throne. Several very eminent men have been bishops of St. Asaph, including Dr. Isaac Barrow, William Beveridge, and Samuel Horsley, the former of whom founded an alms-house for eight poor widows. Bishop Hughes, who died 1600, founded, and endowed the Free Grammar School. The neighbourhood possesses several land proprietors who have given great encouragement to agriculture, amongst whom may be included Dean Shipley, who stimulated the practical farmers to emulation, by premiums, and other encouragement. To this spirited dignitary, so well known in the history of the law of libel, a very handsome monument has been erected in the cathedral.

Market Saturday.—Fairs, Easter Tuesday, July 15, October 16, December 26, for cattle.—Inn, White Lion.

[B] ASBY, once called Askeby. This parish consists of four manors. The church is ancient, its beauty has been much disfigured by repairs; it has even been diminished in size, as appears by an arch now filled up in the north wall. At Sayle Bottom are several tumuli—some circular, others rectangular. At Garthorne Hall, a tumulus was found to contain human bones and a large sword, and another containing three entire skulls. Pate Hole, in this parish, is a remarkable cavern in a limestone rock, Pate Hole, an immense cavern. consisting of two galleries, one 430 yards long, towards the north east, the other, 230 yards long, making a large sweep from the extremity of the first to its middle; together, they resemble the letter P. At the end of the first gallery is a lofty dome, and a pool 20 yards long, 6 broad, and 3 deep; and in the second are two perpendicular chasms of unknown extent, from whence proceed in rainy seasons torrents of water, which fill the cavern and discharge themselves from its entrance. The noise of these operations resemble at first gentle music, but increases to the pitch of the loudest. In one part is a petrifying spring, which always stands at one temperature.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
39	Ascott	ham	Warwick	Shipston	7	L. Compton	3	Kineton	12	78	...
31	Ascott	ham & chap	Oxford	Bensington	5	Dorchester	4	Oxford	10	61	97
39	Ascott	pa	Oxford	...	5	...	4	Oxford	10	51	419
34	Asgarby	pa	Lincoln	Sleaford	3	Tattershall	11	Falkingham	8	114	146
24	Asgarby	pa	Lincoln	Spilsby	6	Horncastle	6	Tattershall	10	138	57
10	Ash	ham	Derby	Derby	7	Uttoxeter	11	Burton-on-T.	7	136	50
21	Ash	pa	Kent	Wingham	3	Sandwich	3	Ramsgate	8	63	2416
21	Ash	pa	Kent	Farmingham	4	Gravesend	7	Wrotham	4	20	586
37	Ash	pa	Surrey	Farnham	4	Bagshot	9	Godalming	8	35	2001
16	Ash, or Ashe	pa	Hants	Whitchurch	6	Basingstoke	7	Kingsclere	6	53	114
11	Ashe[A]	ham	Devon	Colyton	2	Lyme	4	Axminster	4	148	...

[A] ASHE is situated in Musbury parish, which lies in the hundred of Axminster, two miles east by north from Colyton. It is the birth place of the celebrated John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough: this distinguished The birth-place of the celebrated Duke of Marlboro'. erson was born here in the year 1650. He received only an indifferent education, for his father took him to court at the age of twelve years, when he became page, as his sister, Arabella, became mistress to the Duke of York. In 1660, he obtained a pair of colours in the Guards. His first service was at the siege of Tangier, and, on his return from thence, he became the favourite of the Duchess of Cleveland, who gave him £5,000 with which he purchased an annuity for life. He afterwards served under the great Turenne, who was so pleased with his person and bravery as to call him the handsome Englishman. At the siege of Maestricht he so distinguished himself, that the King of France publicly thanked him. On his return he was made lieutenant-colonel, gentleman of the bedchamber, and master of the robes to the Duke of York, whom he attended to Holland and Scotland; and about this time married Miss Jennings, maid of honour to the Princess, afterwards Queen Anne. In 1682, he was shipwrecked with the Duke of York, in their passage to Scotland, on which occasion his royal highness expressed the greatest anxiety to save his favourite. The same year he was made a peer, by the title of Baron Eymouth, in Scotland; and when James came to the crown, he was sent to France to notify the event. In 1685, he was created Lord Churchill, of Sandridge. The same year he suppressed Monmouth's rebellion, and took him prisoner. He took Monmouth prisoner in the reign of James II. He continued to serve James with great fidelity, till the arrival of the Prince of Orange, and then left him, for which he has been stigmatized, and perhaps not unjustly, with base ingratitude. His own apology was a regard for the religion and constitution of his country. He was created Earl of Marlborough by King William in 1689, and appointed commander of the English army in the low countries. He next served in Ireland, and reduced Cork, with other strong places. In 1692, he was suddenly dismissed from his employments, and committed to the Tower: he was, however, very soon released, but the cause of this disgrace was never clearly explained. After the death of Queen Mary he was restored to favour; and at the close of that reign he had the command of the English forces in Holland, and the States chose him captain-general of their forces. On the commencement of the reign of Anne, he recommended a war with France, and his advice was adopted. In the first campaign of 1702, he took a number of strong towns, particularly Liege. In the following year he Created a Duke by Queen Anne. was created a Duke. In 1704, he joined Prince Eugene, in conjunction with whom he conquered the French at Hochstedt, took Marshal Tallard prisoner, and brought him to England, with 26 other officers of rank, 121 standards, and 179 colours. He then received the grant of the manor of Woodstock. In 1706, he fought the famous battle of Ramilies. This battle accelerated the fall of Louvain, Brussels, and other important places. He arrived in England, and received fresh honours from the Queen and Parliament. Blenheim house built for him. Blenheim house was ordered to be built, and a pension of £5,000. a year was awarded him. In 1709, he defeated Marshal Villars at Malplaquet. In the year 1711, he returned to England with additional laurels, but was soon after dismissed from his employments. To add to this unjust treatment, a prosecution was commenced against him for applying the public money to his private purposes. Indignant at such conduct, he went into voluntary banishment till 1714, when he landed at Dover, amidst the acclamations of the people. George I. restored him to his military employments, but he retired from his appointments to Windsor, and died in 1722. His remains were interred with great pomp in Westminster Abbey. His Died in the 8th year of the reign of Geo. I. Duchess outlived him several years. She was a woman of a strong mind, but overbearing passions. Her letters have been printed, and display uncommon sagacity, blended with a great share of vanity. The mansion house in which the Duke was born, now in a state of ruin, was rebuilt shortly after the civil wars, by Sir John Drake, whose daughter had married Sir Winston Churchill.

Fairs, April 6, and Oct. 11, for pedlary.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
4	Ashamstead	chap	Berks	East Ilsley	5	Streatley	4	Newbury	9	49	346
31	Ashamstead	chap	Oxford	Gt. Marlow	4	H. Wycombe	4	Henley	6	35	...
36	Ash Bocking	pa	Suffolk	Needham	6	Ipswich	6	Woodbridge	8	75	234
10	Ashbourn[A]	m.t. & pa	Derby	Derby	13	Leek	16	Wirksworth	9	139	4756
34	Ashbrittle	pa	Somerset	Wellington	6	Wiveliscombe	5	Dulverton	10	254	635

[A] ASHBOURN is very pleasantly situated in a rich valley on the eastern side of the Dove, over which is a stone bridge. It is divided into two parts by a rivulet, which is called Henmore, the southern part of which is termed Compton, the ancient Campdene. From the descent of the hill on the Derby road, the view of the place as it presents itself embosomed amongst the hills is beautifully picturesque. It is a neat town, but there is nothing remarkable in its buildings. At the time of the conquest it was a royal manor, and subsequently became a part of the Duchy of A royal manor of the Saxon Kings made part of the Duchy of Lancaster. Lancaster, until it was sold by Charles I. It is supposed that the church, which is dedicated to St. Oswald, was finished in the thirteenth century; in it are many monuments to the Cockaines, Bradburns, and Boothby's, successively possessors of the manors. Sir Thomas Cockaine and other natives, founded a Free Grammar School, in the reign of Elizabeth, for children of the town and neighbourhood, and also a second for the poorer class of children of both sexes. Here are also a chapel and a neat row of alms-houses, founded in 1800 by a native named Cooper, who made a fortune in London, for six poor men and women, and several other hospitals for decayed house-keepers, including one for the maintenance of four clergymen's widows. A very considerable trade is carried on here in cheese and malt, many horses and cattle are sold at its fairs. Much lace is made here, and a great many persons are employed in the iron and cotton factories in the neighbourhood. The romantic and beautiful glen of Dovedale is within a short distance. This town is one of the polling places for the southern division of the county.

Market, Saturday.—Mail arrives 11 A.M., departs 2¾ P.M.—Fairs, first Tuesday in January, and Feb. 13, for horses and horned cattle, April 3, May 21, and July 5, for horses, horned cattle, and wool. August 16, October 20, and November 29, for horses, and horned cattle; the fairs for horses begin two or three days before the fair-day.—Inns, Blackmoor's Head and Green Man.—Bankers, Arkwright and Co.; drawn on Smith, Payne, and Co.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
38	Ashburnham[A]	pa	Sussex	Battle	6	Hailsham	6	East Bourne	11	55	721
11	Ashburton[B]	bo. m.t. & pa	Devon	Exeter	20	Torquay	13	Totness	7	192	4165
4	Ashbury	to & pa	Berks	Lambourn	16	Wantage	10	Highworth	7	70	698
11	Ashbury	pa	Devon	Hatherleigh	5	Oakhampton	6	Launceston	14	201	74
24	Ashby	pa	Lincoln	Gt. Grimsby	7	Caistor	9	Louth	12	160	179
24	Ashby	pa	Lincoln	Spilsby	2	Burgh	3	Wainfleet	6	134	170
24	Ashby	pa	Lincoln	Sleaford	6	Lincoln	13	Navenby	6	121	178
24	Ashby	to	Lincoln	Brigg	6	Epworth	7	Gainsboro'	14	157	378
27	Ashby	pa	Norfolk	Norwich	8	Acle	7	Bungay	9	116	72
27	Ashby	pa	Norfolk	Acle	3	Norwich	12	Yarmouth	8	125	82
36	Ashby	pa	Suffolk	Lowestoft	5	Yarmouth	8	Beccles	7	119	42
28	Ashby, Cold	pa	Northamp	Northamp	12	Daventry	10	Harborough	10	78	385
23	Ashby-de-la-Zouch [C]	m.t. & pa	Leicester	Leicester	18	Kegworth	10	M Bosworth	10	115	4727

[A] ASHBURNHAM is in the hundred of Foxearle, and rape of Hastings. This village gives the name and title of Earl to the representatives of the ancient family of Ashburnham, who possessed this manor before the conquest. The shirt and white silk drawers in which Charles I. was executed, Bequests of Charles I. made on the scaffold. on the 30th of January, 1649, and also the watch which he gave to Mr. John Ashburnham, on the scaffold, are still preserved in the church, having been bequeathed by one of his descendants to the clerk of this parish for ever, and are exhibited as great curiosities.

[B] ASHBURTON is situated in a valley encompassed by hills; it is about a mile from the river Dart, and consists principally of one long street, through which runs the high road from London to Plymouth. The houses are neat, and most of them covered with slate, of which there is abundance in the vicinity. The manor belonged to the crown in the reign of James I., but it has since passed through various private hands. The town, which is governed by a portreeve, chosen at the court leet and baron of the manor, is a borough by prescription, (that is to say, a custom continued until it has the force of law;) and was constituted one of the four stannary One of the four stannary towns of the county. towns of Devon, by a charter of Edward I., in the twenty-sixth year of whose reign it sent two members to Parliament, but only returned members once subsequently until 1640, in which year its privilege was restored: by the late reform bill, it now returns but one member; the electors on the old constituency were 101, and £10 householders 342. The portreeve is the returning-officer. The borough comprises the parish of Ashburton.

Market, Saturday.—Fairs, first Thursday in March; first Thursday in June; August 10; November 11, for horned cattle.—Inns, London and Golden Lion.—Mail arrives 5 P.M., departs 9¾ A.M.

[C] ASHBY-DE-LA-ZOUCH is situated in a fertile valley on the borders of Derbyshire, through which runs the small river Gilwiskaw. Its distinctive appellation is derived from the ancient family of the Zouches, who came into possession of the manor in the reign of Henry III. It afterwards An ancient family gave their name to the town. devolved to the crown, by which it was granted to the noble family of Hastings, in right of whom the Marquis of that title still possesses it. The town is chiefly comprised in one street, from which branches several smaller ones. The church is a handsome ancient edifice, built of stone, consisting of a nave and two aisles, separated by four lofty arches, springing from fluted pillars. Here are also places of worship for the Calvinistic and Wesleyan Methodists, Presbyterians, and others. A free grammar school was founded in this town by Henry Earl of Huntingdon, in 1567; and another free school for 26 boys, by Isaac Dawson, in 1669. The manufactures established here are chiefly those of cotton and woollen stockings, and hats. There is also a good trade in malt, and the fairs are celebrated for the sale of fine horses and cattle. The mansion at Ashby was A noble mansion constructed out of the ruins of Ashby Castle. remarkable for its magnitude and strength, and continued for 200 years the residence of the family of Sir William Hastings, knt., a particular favourite of Edward IV., who was elevated by that monarch to several offices of high trust and dignity. It stood on a rising ground, at the south end of the town, and was composed of brick and stone from the ruins of Ashby Castle.

Market, Saturday.—Fairs, Shrove-Monday, Easter Tuesday, Whit-Tuesday, last Monday in September, November 10, for horses, cows, and sheep.—Bankers, Fishers and Co.; draw upon Hoare, Barnet, and Co.—Mail arrives 10.30 morning; departs 4.0 afternoon.—Inns, Queen's Head, and White Hart.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
23	Ashby Folville	to & pa	Leicester	Melton Mow.	6	Leicester	10	Houghton	6	104	391
23	Ashby Magna	pa	Leicester	Lutterworth	4	Hinckley	11	Leicester	11	93	330
23	Ashby Parva	pa	Leicester	...	3	...	8	...	13	92	169
24	Ashby Puerorum[A]	pa	Lincoln	Spilsby	5	Alford	7	Louth	10	137	101
28	Ashby St. Ledger[B]	pa	Northamp	Daventry	4	Northamp	14	Welford	9	76	257

[A] ASHBY PUERORUM. In the year 1804, a Roman sepulchre was discovered near this place, by a labourer who was cutting a ditch. It consisted of a stone chest, which laid 3 feet below the surface of the earth; the lid fitted nearly to the sides, hanging a little over the edge, so that when it was removed; no dirt of any kind was found to have gained admittance during a period of nearly two thousand years. The chest was formed of free stone, of a kind found in abundance on Lincoln Heath. The urn was of strong glass A very ancient urn of green glass found here. well manufactured, and of a greenish colour. The glass was as perfect and the surface as smooth as if just taken out of the fire. This receptacle of the ashes was nearly filled with small pieces of bone, many of which, from the effect of ignition, were white throughout the whole substance. Among the fragments was discovered a small lacrymatory, which had been broken, from the curiosity of the person who discovered it, to ascertain whether it contained any thing of value.

[B] ASHBY ST. LEDGER is situated near a rivulet that flows into the river Nen. The additional name of St. Ledger is borrowed from the patron saint to whom the church is dedicated. This structure consists of a nave and aisles, with a tower and spire. At the upper end of the north aisle are still remaining the steps which led to the rude loft between the chancel and the nave. Here are three piscinas for holy water. Several ancient monumental inscriptions may be seen in the chancel. On an altar tomb within the communion rails, are the recumbent figures of a man and woman, with an inscription in black letter, commemorative of An ancient monument of the Catesby family. William Catesby and Margaret his wife, bearing date 1493. Catesby was one of the three families who ruled the nation under Richard's usurpation, and constituted the triumvirate which is alluded to in the old distich:—

The rat, and the cat, and Lovel the dog,
Do govern all England under the hog.

The rat was Richard Ratcliff, the cat William Catesby, the dog Lord Lovel, and the hog for Richard, it being then the regal crest. William Catesby became a distinguished character; he was made esquire of the King's body; Chancellor of the Marshes for life; and one of the Chamberlains of the Exchequer. Being taken prisoner at the battle of Bosworth field, Catesby taken prisoner at Bosworth field. while fighting by his patron's side, he was conducted to Leicester, and beheaded as a traitor. At the eastern end of both aisles, are two places, formerly appropriated as places of sepulture for the two great Lords of Ashby. One of these belonged to the Catesby family; but most of the inscriptions are effaced. The manorial house of Ashby is a good old family mansion, occupied by the widow of the late John Ashby, Esq. A small room in the detached offices belonging to the house is still shown as having been the council-chamber, where the gunpowder-plot conspirators The gunpowder plot conspirators met here. held their deliberations. Robert Catesby, one of the descendants of the family, was at the head of this conspiracy, for which he was tried, condemned, and executed; and his head, together with that of his father-in-law, Thomas Percie, who was involved in his guilt, were fixed on the top of the Parliament-house.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
24	Ashby West	pa	Lincoln	Horncastle	2	Louth	12	Wragby	13	138	391
15	Ashchurch	pa	Gloucester	Tewkesbury	1	Winchcombe	9	Cheltenham	8	103	649
11	Ashcombe[A]	pa	Devon	Chudleigh	3	Exeter	9	Teignmouth	6	177	320
34	Ashcott	chap	Somerset	Glastonbury	6	Bridgewater	10	Somerton	7	129	834
14	Ashdon or Ashingdon	to & pa	Essex	Saff. Walden	4	Haverhill	6	Linton	4	45	1103
14	Asheldam	pa	Essex	Bradwell	4	Burnham	4	Maldon	9	46	144
15	Ashelworth	pa	Gloucester	Gloucester	5	Tewkesbury	8	Newent	7	105	540
14	Ashen	pa	Essex	Clare	2	Halstead	9	Haverhill	5	54	373
5	Ashenden[B]	pa	Bucks	Thame	6	Bicester	11	Aylesbury	8	46	368
36	Ashfield Great[C]	pa	Suffolk	Stowmarket	7	Ixworth	5	Botesdale	8	76	408
36	Ashfield-cum-Thorpe	p	Suffolk	Framlingham	6	Debenham	2	Eye	9	83	375
10	Ashford[D]	chap	Derby	Bakewell	2	Tideswell	6	Buxton	10	155	782

[A] ASHCOMBE is a parish in the hundred of Exminster. Here is a mansion of Lord Arundel's, situated in a large amphitheatre of hills, richly wooded at their base, and at their summit often studded with herds of sheep or deer. The only entrance to this romantic dale is from the north, by a road, which though perfectly safe, falls precipitately down a narrow ridge of one of the hills.

[B] ASHENDEN. This manor has been from time immemorial in the Grenville family. John Bucktot, a priest, gave the manor of Little Pollicott, to Lincoln College, in Oxford, about 1479; and what renders it particularly remarkable, is the circumstance of the manor house being used A retiring place for collegians in the time of the plague. as a retiring place for the members of the college at the time of the plague. In Ashenden Church, is an ancient figure of a crusader, under an arch, rudely ornamented with foliage; which according to tradition, is the tomb of John Bucktot; this appears however to be erroneous, as it is evidently the tomb of a layman, and from the chevron on the shield, one of the Stafford family, anciently lords of Great Pollicott.

[C] ASHFIELD. This obscure village gave birth to the celebrated Lord Chancellor Thurlow, and his brother, the late Bishop of Durham; they The birth-place of Lord Chancellor Thurlow. were the sons of the vicar, under whose auspices they were educated. On leaving the university, the former entered himself of the Inner Temple, but did not distinguish himself at the bar, until his abilities were employed upon the Douglas case; after which he became successively Solicitor-General, Attorney-General, and Lord High Chancellor. He was elevated to the peerage by the title of Baron Thurlow, of Ashfield. In 1786, he was made Teller of the Exchequer, and created Baron Thurlow, of Thurlow: he retired in 1793, and died at Brighton in 1806. He was succeeded in the peerage by his nephew, the son of his brother, the Bishop of Durham. He was never married, but he left three illegitimate daughters, to two of whom he bequeathed large property; the other having offended him by an imprudent marriage, he left her only a small annuity.

[D] ASHFORD. This village is frequently called Ashford in the water, from the lowness of its situation. It is seated on the banks of the river Wye. The only remains of the residence of the Plantagenets of Woodstock (who had a castle here) is a moat, half filled with rubbish. Sir William Cavendish, the favourite of Cardinal Wolsey, purchased this estate of the Earl of Westmoreland; and the Duke of Devonshire, a descendant of that family, still continues the proprietor. The works in this Extensive works for sawing and polishing marble. village for sawing and polishing marble, were the first ever established in England. They were originally constructed by Mr. Henry Watson, of Bakewell, about 80 years since, but though he obtained a patent, to secure the gain arising from this invention, the advantages were unequal to his expectations. Mr. John Platt, architect, of Rotherham, in Yorkshire, rented the quarries of black and grey marble, the only ones of the kind now worked in Derbyshire. The sweeping mill, as it is called, from its circular motion, will level a floor of eighty superficial feet of marble slabs at one time.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
11	Ashford	pa	Devon	Barnstaple	2	Ilfracomb	8	Marwood	2	194	99
21	Ashford[A]	m.t. & pa	Kent	Canterbury	15	Folkestone	17	Maidstone	19	53	2809
25	Ashford[B]	chap	Middlesex	Staines	3	Bedfont	2	Sunbury	3	16	458
33	Ashford Bowdler	pa	Salop	Ludlow	3	Tenbury	6	Leominster	9	137	99
33	Ashford Carbonel	pa	Salop	...	3	...	6	...	9	137	289
23	Ashfordby	pa	Leicester	Melton Mow.	3	Loughbro'	11	Leicester	13	108	467
29	Ash-holm	ham	Northumb	Hexham	19	Haltwhistle	4	Aldstone	7	279	122
27	Ashill	pa	Norfolk	Watton	4	Swaffham	6	E. Dereham	10	94	700
34	Ashill[C]	pa	Somerset	Ilminster	4	Taunton	8	Chard	7	137	403
14	Ashingdon[D]	pa	Essex	Rochford	3	Maldon	9	Chelmsford	13	40	98

[A] ASHFORD is situated about twelve miles from the sea, on an eminence rising from the northern bank of the small river Stour, and on the high road between Hythe and Maidstone. The town, which is a liberty of itself, originated from the ruins of Great Chart, an ancient market town, Origin of the town of Ashford. which gave name to the hundred, and was destroyed in the Danish wars. It was then called Asscheford, and, in some early documents, Estefort and Enetesford, from the ford over the river Stour; the ancient name of which was Esshe or Eschet. It is pleasantly situated near the confluence of the upper branches of the river Stour, over one of which there is a bridge. The manor received the privilege of a market so early as Edward I. The town is governed by a mayor, and possesses a court of record for the recovery of debts, not exceeding twenty marks. The church is a spacious and handsome fabric, consisting of a nave, aisles, and three chancels, with a lofty and well-proportioned tower. There are several ancient monuments, especially one of a Countess of Athol, who died in 1365, whose effigy exhibits the female costume of that age, in a very remarkable manner. The college made into a parsonage house: The ancient college, founded by Sir John Fogge owner of the manor, in the reign of Edward IV., was dissolved in that of Henry VII., and the house given to the vicar for a residence. It still exists, although latterly much modernised. Here is a Free Grammar School, founded by Sir Norton Knatchbull, in the reign of Charles I., and various minor charities. The inhabitants of this town and its vicinity are much engaged in the rearing and fattening of cattle, for the sale of which its markets and fairs are much celebrated.

Market Saturday. A stock market held on the 1st and 3rd Tuesday in every month.—Fairs May 17, and August 2, for wool; September 9, October 12, and 24, for horses, cattle and pedlary.—Inns, George, Royal Oak, and Saracen's Head.—Bankers, G. and W. Jemmett, draw on Esdaile and Co.—Mail arrives 8.0 morning; departs 5.15 afternoon.

[B] ASHFORD. This place was originally called Exeford, from its ford over the river Exe; the village is now but of little importance. It lies in that level part of the county, formerly occupied by Hounslow Heath, the Hounslow Heath. terror of the western traveller, from the numerous robberies committed on its highways. Ashford Common was selected for military reviews; it has however, for some years been inclosed, and the review ground is now near Hounslow. The chapel is a plain brick building, possessing no claims on the attention of the antiquary; it was erected in 1796 by voluntary contribution.

[C] ASHILL.—Fairs, April 9, and September 10.

[D] ASHINGDON. This place is memorable in the early periods of our history. "Nothing is more surprising," observes Gough, in his Additions to Camden, "than the errors all antiquaries have hitherto lain under with respect to the scene of the battle between Edmund Ironside and the The site of an engagement between Edm. Ironside and the Danes. Danes." Though they had the authority of Mr. Camden against them, they have caried it quite across the county to the northern extremity and as far from the sea as possible, in defiance of every circumstance that could fix it there. In a marsh in Woodham Mortimer parish, on the river Burnham or Crouch, are twenty-four barrows grouped in pairs, and most of them surrounded by a ditch, supposed to be the burial places of the Danes, who probably landed at Bradwell, a village near the mouth of the Blackwater River, fourteen miles distant.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
29	Ashington	to	Northump	Morpeth	5	Blyth	6	Ulgham	4	290	57
34	Ashington	pa	Somerset	Ilchester	3	Yeovil	4	Sherborne	7	121	74
38	Ashington	pa	Sussex	Steyning	4	Arundel	9	Horsham	10	46	285
7	Ashley	to	Chester	Knutsford	5	Altringham	3	Cheadle	7	177	379
28	Ashley	pa	Northamp	Rockingham	6	Harborough	5	Rothwell	8	86	304
16	Ashley	pa	Hants	Stockbridge	3	Winchester	8	Romsey	8	67	93
35	Ashley	pa	Stafford	Eccleshall	6	Drayton	6	Newcastle	9	154	825
41	Ashley[A]	pa	Wilts	Malmesbury	5	Tetbury	3	Kemble	5	96	99
5	Ashley-Green	ham	Bucks	Chesham	3	Berkhamp	2	Tring	5	27	...
6	Ashley-cum-Silvery,	pa	Cambridge	Newmarket	5	Mildenhall	10	Bury	11	63	361
10	Ashley-Hay	to	Derby	Wirksworth	2	Belper	6	Turnditch	3	138	241
27	Ashmanhaugh	pa	Norfolk	Coltishall	3	Worsted	3	Norwich	10	118	154
16	Ashmansworth	chap	Hants	Whitchurch	8	Andover	10	Newbury	8	64	222
12	Ashmore	pa	Dorset	Shaftesbury	5	Cranborne	12	Blandford	8	101	191
34	Asholt, or Aisholt	pa	Somerset	Bridgewater	7	Stowey	3	Taunton	8	146	228
10	Ashover[B]	to & pa	Derby	Alfreton	7	Chesterfield	7	Matlock	3	147	3179
39	Ashow	pa	Warwick	Warwick	5	Kenilworth	3	Coventry	6	95	176
17	Ashperton	chap	Hereford	Ledbury	5	Hereford	11	Bromyard	11	125	398
11	Ashprington	pa	Devon	Totness	3	Brixham	6	Dartmouth	6	198	549
34	Ash-Priors	pa	Somerset	Taunton	6	Wellington	6	Stowey	9	147	201
11	Ashreigney	pa	Devon	Chumleigh	4	Torrington	11	Hatherleigh	9	198	1038
5	Ashridge[C]	ham	Bucks	Chesham	2	Berkhamp	4	Tring	5	29	...

[A] ASHLEY, was formerly distinguished by a fair and market, it is now remarkable only for a large mansion, which was once the seat of the Georges. The church, an ancient building, with a square embattled tower, is principally interesting for its arches; some of which are round, and others pointed, resting on slender clustered pillars, with massy capitals of foliage. The font is large, round, and very rude in its workmanship.

[B] ASHOVER. This village is of great antiquity, being mentioned in the Doomsday Book, as having a church and a priest. In the church is an ancient font, supposed to be Saxon; the base is of stone; the lower part is of an hexagonal form; the upper part circular, surrounded with twenty figures, in devotional attitudes, embossed in lead, in ornamental niches. There are also some ancient monuments of the Babington family, who were for a long time seated at Dithicke, a chapelry in this parish. Anthony Babington was executed for high treason in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, having engaged in a conspiracy to destroy that princess. A singular rocking stone, formerly an idol. On the declivity of a hill on Ashover Common is a rocking stone, called Robin Hood's Mark, which measures about twenty-six feet in circumference. From its extraordinary position, it appears not only to have been the work of art, but to have been placed with great ingenuity. About 200 yards to the north is a singularly shaped work, called the Turning-stone, nine feet high: it is supposed to have been a rock idol. Overton Hall, in this vicinity, was once the seat of Sir Joseph Banks, the President of the Royal Society.

[C] ASHRIDGE was formerly called Escrug. In very early times this village is reported to have possessed a royal palace; which, when the estate became the property of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, son to Richard, King of the Romans, was converted into a college for Bonhommes (or monks who followed the rules of St. Augustine,) and endowed with the manors of Ashridge, Gaddesden, and Hemel Hempstead. A parliament was held here by Edward the First, in the year 1291; and, though of short continuance, it was distinguished by a spirited debate on the origin and necessary use of fines. After the dissolution, the monastery appears A parliament held here by Edward I. to have become the seat of royalty; and Norden describes it as the place "wherein our most worthy and ever famous Queen Elizabeth lodged, as in her owne, being a more statelie house." This queen, in the 17th year of her reign, granted it to John Dudley, and John Ayscough, who The manor house a favourite seat of Queen Elizabeth. within the short period of a fortnight, conveyed it to Henry, Lord Cheny, whose lady sold it to Ralph Marshal, by whom it was again conveyed to Randolph Crew and others, and soon afterwards granted to Egerton, Lord Ellesmere, ancestor to the late Duke of Bridgewater; several of whose family are buried in the neighbouring church of Little Gaddesden. The old college, the greater part of which was standing in the year 1800, exhibited a fine specimen of the gothic architecture of the thirteenth century. The cloisters were particularly beautiful. The walls were painted in fresco with Scripture subjects. The late Duke of Bridgewater pulled down the whole of these buildings, the materials of which were disposed of in lots; the present earl, the dukedom being extinct, has erected a most magnificent mansion at a great expense. Ashridge Park, which contains some very fine oak and beech trees, is pleasingly varied with hill and dale. It is about five miles in circumference.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
37	Ashtead	pa	Surrey	Epsom	2	Leatherhead	2	Ewell	4	17	607
7	Ashton	to	Chester	Chester	8	Tarporley	7	Frodsham	6	185	405
11	Ashton	pa	Devon	Chudleigh	4	Exeter	6	Moreton Ha.	6	174	333
22	Ashton	to	Lancaster	Preston	2	Kirkham	7	Garstang	11	219	...
22	Ashton[A]	to	Lancaster	Lancaster	3	Garstang	8	Overton	3	237	213
28	Ashton	pa	Northamp	Northamp	7	Towcester	5	Stoney Strat.	7	62	380
28	Ashton	ham	Northamp	Wandsford	5	Stamford	5	M. Deeping	4	89	126
28	Ashton	ham	Northamp	Oundle	1	Wandsford	8	Stilton	8	81	129
41	Ashton-Giffard	to	Wilts	Warminste	7	Hindon	6	Wilton	12	90	...
15	Ashton	chap	Gloucester	Evesham	5	Tewkesbury	8	Winchcomb	8	102	301
41	Ashton-Keynes	pa	Wilts	Cricklade	4	Cirencester	6	Malmesbury	8	89	1182
34	Ashton, Long[B]	pa	Somerset	Bristol	3	Keynsham	7	Axbridge	14	120	1423

[A] ASHTON. Near this village is Ashton Hall, a seat of his Grace the Duke of Hamilton. It formerly belonged to the family of the Laurences, but came into the present family by the marriage of James, Earl of Arran, afterwards Duke of Hamilton, with Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Seat of the Duke of Hamilton. Lord Gerrard Digby, of Bromley. The mansion is a large building, with some square embattled towers, an ancient hall, and other features of a magnificent baronial castle. It is situated in a fine park, through which flows a small rivulet, forming a narrow bay, at the western side of the grounds. The park abounds with wood, and is agreeably diversified with hill and dale, and affords, from many parts, extensive views across the river Lune to Morecambe Bay, the Irish sea, &c. The mansion has undergone considerable alteration, yet care has been taken to preserve its ancient character.

Mail arrives at Galgate Bridge, one mile distant, 9.20 P.M.; departs 2.20 morn.

[B] ASHTON, or LONG ASHTON, is situated in a rich woody vale, protected on the north by a range of picturesque though bleak hills, and on the north lies the lofty ridge of Dundry. In this parish the inhabitants raise fruit and vegetables for the Bristol market. There is much garden-ground in Long Ashton, in which many Roman coins have been discovered. The houses are in general well-built, much company resorting thither during the summer season. The circumjacent scenery is delightful, and in the vicinity are the remains of two Roman encampments, Stokeleigh and Burwalls. The church is an old but very handsome building, founded by the family of Lyons; the nave and aisles are divided from the chancel by a beautiful gothic screen of fret and flower work, painted and gilt, and executed in the most admirable style. One of the 6 bells contained in the tower is inscribed "Sancte Johannes Baptiste ora pro nobis;" on the tower are the arms of Lyons, in stone. Amongst several painted figures and coats of arms on the glass of the windows, are the portraits of Edward IV. and his Queen, Elizabeth Widville. Here are several handsome monuments, but that of Sir Richard Choke and his lady is eminently magnificent and beautiful. Ashton Court, the manor house, originally founded by the Lyons family, but materially altered by Inigo Jones, occupies the S.E. slope of Ashton Down, and the remains of another old manor house, called the Lower Court, still stands in a valley to the S.W. of the village.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
22	Ashton-under-Lyne[A]	p	Lancaster	Manchester	7	Stockport	7	Mottram	5	186	33597
22	Ashton-in-Mackerfield[B]	to & chap	Lancaster	Newton	3	Prescot	7	Wigan	5	196	5912
7	Ashton-upon-Mersey	to & pa	Chester	Stockport	9	Manchester	7	Altringham	4	184	2078

[A] ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE is a large town situated at the south-eastern extremity of the county. It consists of several narrow streets, built on a high bank, which rises from the river Tame. It appears from an ancient manuscript, that Ashton was formerly a borough, yet for some centuries it sent no members to Parliament; but, by the Reform Bill of 1832, it now returns one member, and the mayor of the town is the returning officer. The borough comprises the whole district, over which the lighting and paving act of the 7th and 8th of Geo. IV. extends. A Court of Requests for the recovery of £5. Defendants may be followed. court is held here for the recovery of debts, not exceeding five pounds, by 48th Geo. III. c. 18; any person may sue, under the general regulations, and defendants sued elsewhere are to have their costs. Defendants removing out of the jurisdiction, may be followed in person and goods, by removing the record to the superior courts, but wagers, &c. are not recoverable. The principal part of the landed property of this parish belongs to the Earl of Stamford, in whose family it was conveyed, by the marriage of Sir William Booth to the daughter of Sir Thomas Asheton, whose family possessed The lord of the manor possessed a power of life and death. some peculiar privileges in this manor: among which was, the power of life and death over their tenantry. In commemoration of this privilege, and its having been sometimes exercised, a field near the old hall is still called Gallows Meadow. There is also an ancient custom Custom of riding the black lad. here, called "riding the black lad," celebrated every Easter Monday, to perpetuate some act of great tyranny exercised by Sir Ralph Asheton, in 1483, when vice-constable of England. The ceremony consists in exhibiting the effigies of a man on horseback through the streets, which is afterwards suspended on the cross in the market place, and there shot. The figure was formerly cased in armour, and the expenses of it were defrayed by the court. Another account of the origin of this custom states, that Thomas Asheton, in the reign of Henry III., particularly distinguished himself at the battle of Neville's Cross, and bore away the standard from the Scotch King's tent. For this heroic deed the King conferred on Ashton the honour of Knighthood, who, on his arrival at his manor instituted the custom described. At the village of Fairfield, in Moravian settlement. this parish, there is a Moravian settlement, who have erected a chapel for their followers. The males are principally employed in spinning and weaving: they form a very industrious and orderly community. On the western side of the town is Ashton Moss, which supplies the poor with peat turf. Oak and fir trees are frequently found by those who dig for the peat.

Market, Wednesday.—Fairs, March 23, April 29, July 25, and November 21, for horned cattle, horses, and toys.—Bankers, Buckley, Roberts, and Co.; draw in London on Jones, Lloyd, and Co.—Inn, Commercial Hotel.

[B] ASHTON. This village is generally called Ashton in Makerfield, or Ashton in the Willows; it enjoys a very pleasant situation on the road between Newton and Wigan. The hardware and cotton manufactories give employment to the inhabitants. The church is a large old building, part of which appears to have been erected by the lords of the manor. On the pews are some ancient carvings; and in the windows are exhibited some painted figures. Several of the Ashtons lie interred here, and their names are inscribed on the windows. Near the church is a curious mansion, called the Old Hall, the oldest parts of which are said to have been built in 1483; adjoining this stands a pile, which was formerly used as a prison.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
41	Ashton-Steeple[A]	pa & ti	Wilts	Trowbridge	3	Melksham	4	Devizes	7	96	1754
41	Ashton, West	to	Wilts	...	3	...	5	...	9	98	374
21	Ashurst	pa	Kent	Tunbridge	7	Tunbr. Wells	5	Groombridge	2	34	206
38	Ashurst	pa	Sussex	Steyning	4	Henfield	3	W. Grinstead	4	47	423
11	Ashwater	pa	Devon	Holsworthy	7	Oakhampton	14	Launceston	8	209	862
18	Ashwell[B]	pa	Herts	Baldock	4	Royston	6	Biggleswade	6	41	1072
32	Ashwell	pa	Rutland	Oakham	4	Cottesmere	3	Overton	3	99	209
27	Ashwell-Thorpe	pa	Norfolk	Wymondham	3	Attleburgh	7	Buckenham	7	100	471
34	Ashwick	pa	Somerset	Shepton Mall	4	Frome	9	Wells	6	118	995
27	Ashwicken	pa	Norfolk	Lynn	5	Castle Rising	5	Swaffham	10	98	80
35	Ashwood	ham	Stafford	Stourbridge	4	Dudley	3	Wolverhamp.	6	123	....
22	Ashworth	chap	Lancaster	Rochdale	3	Bury	3	Manchester	11	192	294
43	Aske	to	N.R. York	Richmond	2	Reeth	8	Darlington	11	235	105

[A] ASHTON, or STEEPLE ASHTON is remarkable for its lofty and elegant church, which was built about the year 1480, though the chapels and a part of the chancel appear of a still earlier date. The tower which is high and handsome, was formerly surmounted by a spire or steeple, whence the village had its distinctive appellation. An inscription informs us that, in the year 1670, the spire being in height 93 feet above the tower, was rent by a violent thunder storm, and that in the same year, being The church steeple twice thrown down by storms. almost re-erected, it was by a second storm again destroyed. The roof of the nave is formed by intersecting arches, which rest on canopied niches, adorned with whole length figures or flowers; and that of the aisles is profusely decorated with sculpture and tracery work, while the windows display some splendid remains of painted glass, the whole corresponding with the exterior in style and effect. Plot informs us that there was dug up at Steeple Ashton, a pavement, which he considered to be Roman, though different in materials and design from those commonly regarded as such. The Madrepore stone is found among the fossil productions of Ashton. Rowd Ashton, the seat of Richard Godolphin Long, Esq., is situated in a large and well wooded park. The Kennet and Avon canal from London to Bristol passes near this village.

[B] ASHWELL. This village, situate on the river Rhee, on the borders of Cambridgeshire, derives its present name from Escewelle, and is supposed by Camden to be of Roman origin, from the frequent discovery of Roman coins, and sepulchral urns, in an adjacent earthwork, or fortification, called Arbury banks. It is in a low situation on the northern edge of the county. Here a considerable spring breaks out from Powerful spring oozing from a rock. a rocky bank overhung with lofty ash-trees, from which a continued quantity of water flows, and being quickly collected into one channel, turns a mill, and soon after becomes a river. From this spring and these ash-trees, it is supposed the Saxons gave it the name of Ashwell. The village was anciently a demesne of the Saxon kings; but before the time of Edward the Confessor, it was granted to the Abbots of St. Peter's, at Westminster, to whom it continued to belong till the dissolution, when the Abbey was erected into a deanery, and after that into a bishopric; it, however, followed the fate of similar foundations; and when the bishopric was dissolved, in the reign of Edward VI., it was granted, with other manors, to the see of London, in which it is still invested. The church consists of a nave, aisle, and chancel, with a tower at the west-end, surmounted by a spire. In the chancel are several slabs, formerly inlaid with brasses. Among the inscriptions, Weever notices one with the words, "Orate pro—Walter Sommoner." "I reade," says Weever, "that one Walter Sumner held the manor of Ashwell of the King, by pettie sergeantie; viz. to find the king spits to rost his meate upon the day of his coronation: and John Sumner, his sonne, held the same manor by service, to turne a spit in the king's kitchen upon the day of his coronation."

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
45	Askerne or Askeron[A]	to	W.R. York	Doncaster	7	Ferry-bridge	8	Snaith	10	169	256
11	Askerswell	pa	Dorset	Bridport	4	Beaminster	8	Abbotsbury	7	131	228
9	Askerton[B]	to	Cumberland	Carlisle	13	Longtown	12	Brampton	5	316	473
30	Askham	chap	Nottingham	Tuxford	3	Gamston	3	E. Retford	6	140	329
40	Askham[C]	to & pa	Westmor	Penrith	4	Lowther	2	Bampton	4	280	587
43	Askham Bryan	to & pa	N.R. York	York	4	Tadcaster	6	Wetherby	10	196	341
43	Askham	pa	N.R. York	York	5	...	5	...	9	195	234
43	Askrigg[D]	m.t. & chap	N.R. York	Middleham	12	Reeth	7	Hawes	5	246	737

[A] ASKERNE. This village is one of the numerous places in the West Riding, which enjoys the distinction of a mineral spring. The water resembles that of Harrowgate Spa; but taken internally, differs materially in its operation, acting chiefly as a diuretic without any of that cathartic or purgative power, for which the Harrowgate waters are so remarkable. The village is situated at the foot of a hill; the spring rises at the distance of a few yards only from a piece of water called Askerne Pool, seven acres in extent, and is much frequented by rheumatic or scorbutic patients, who seldom fail to obtain the relief which they seek. Near this place it is The Saxon leader Hengist put to death. said the British Prince Ambrosius defeated and put to death the fierce Saxon leader Hengist.

[B] ASKERTON. At this village there is a castle which was built by the Barons Dacre. This well known name is derived from the exploits of one of their ancestors at the siege of Acre, or Ptolemais, under Richard Cœ]ur de Lion. There were two powerful branches of that name. The first family, called Lord Dacres of the South, held the castle of the same name, and are ancestors to the present Lord Dacre. The other family, descended Seat of Lord Dacre. from the same stock, were called Lord Dacres of the North, and were Barons of Gillesland and Graystock. A chieftain of the latter branch was warden of the West Marshes, during the reign of Edward VI. He was a man of a hot and obstinate character, as appears from some particulars of Lord Surrey's letter to Henry VIII., giving an account of his behaviour at the siege and storm of Jedburgh. The castle was formerly garrisoned by the Serjeant of Gillesland, who sometimes commanded and led the inhabitants against the Scots.

[C] ASKHAM. This place consists of two manors. The hall, built in 1574, on the river Lowther, has an embattled roof, and a sombre aspect well suited to the gloom of the surrounding scenery. Several remarkable Druid's Cross. heaps of stones, among which, one is called the Druid's Cross, are in this neighbourhood; and also a large cairn, called the White-raise.

Mail arrives at Lowther 1½ miles distant 2.30 morning; departs 8 evening.

[D] ASKRIGG. This ancient market town is situated near the river Ure and Swaledale Forest: it resembles a large village, and the occupations of the inhabitants are principally the knitting of stockings and making butter or cheese. It is remarkable, chiefly, for some considerable cataracts in its neighbourhood: as Millgill Force, a fall of from twenty to thirty yards; Whitfields Force, a grand specimen of the picturesque; and Hardrow Cataract 100 feet in height. Force, where the water falls in one grand sheet from a perpendicular height of one hundred feet. This town is one of the polling places appointed under the Reform Bill of 1832, for the North Riding.

Market, Thursday.—Fairs, May 10, horned cattle; May 12, and first Thursday in June, woollen cloth, pewter, brass, and milliners' goods; October 28, horned cattle; October 29, woollens, &c.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
45	Askwith	to	W.R. York	Otley	3	Skipton	12	Ripley	12	208	400
24	Aslackby[A]	pa	Lincoln	Folkingham	2	Bourn	7	Corby	9	104	455
27	Aslacton	pa	Norfolk	Stratton	4	Buckenham	5	Diss	9	97	359
30	Aslacton	pa	Nottingham	Bingham	2	Newark	12	Nottingham	11	123	289
36	Aspall	pa	Suffolk	Eye	6	Debenham	2	Framlingham	9	85	126
36	Aspal Stoneham	pa	Suffolk	Debenham	4	Needham	5	Stowmarket	7	80	633
9	Aspatria[B]	to & pa	Cumberland	Cockermouth	8	Wigton	9	Allonby	4	311	761
18	Aspedon	pa	Herts	Buntingford	1	Stevenage	9	Puckeridge	9	31	560
35	Aspley	to	Stafford	Eccleshall	1	Stone	6	Stafford	7	148	26
39	Aspley	ham	Warwick	Henley-in Ar.	2	Alcester	7	Stratford	7	99	106
3	Aspley Guise	pa	Bedford	Woburn	2	Ampthill	7	Wavenden	3	43	1014
22	Aspull	to	Lancaster	Wigan	3	Bolton	8	Chorley	7	203	2464
46	Asselby	to	E.R. York	Howden	2	Selby	7	Snaith	7	178	297
31	Assendon[C]	to	Oxford	Henley-on-T.	4	Watlington	7	Nettlebed	3	39	...

[A] ASLACKBY. In this village, which is on the direct road from London to Lincoln, there was a commandery, or associated body of Knights Templars, founded in the time of Richard I., by John le Mareshall. It afterwards served for the hospitallers, and at the suppression of this society, the property was transferred to Edward, Lord Clinton. A farm-house, which now occupies the site of the old circular church, is called the temple. Of that ancient structure there yet remains a square embattled Ancient village. tower of two stories. The lower story is vaulted, and formed of eight groins, in the centre of which is displayed eight shields, and various coats of arms. The parish church is a handsome building, with an embattled tower at the west end. A castle formerly stood here, but no vestiges of the walls can now be seen: remnants, however, of the foss and earthworks point out the spot where it was situated.

Mail arrives 7.40 morn.; departs 6.45 evening.

[B] ASPATRIA, or ASPATRIC, is a long straggling village on the side of a hill, about five miles distant from the Irish sea. It now forms part of the estate of the Earl of Egremont, but is supposed to have derived its name from Gospatrick, Earl of Dunbar. On removing the earth of a barrow, which stood at Beacon-hill, an eminence about 200 yards to the north of the village, in the year 1790, a human skeleton was found in a Prodigious skeleton, 7ft. from the head to the ancle-bone. kind of chest, or kistvaen, formed by two large cobblestones at each end, and the same on each side. The feet were decayed and rotted off, but from the head to the ancle-bone, the skeleton measured seven feet. On exposure to the atmospheric air the other bones soon mouldered away. Near the shoulder, on the left side, was a broad sword five feet long, the guard of which was elegantly inlaid with silver flowers: a dirk, or dagger, lay on the right side; it was one foot and a half long, and the handle seemed to have been studded with silver. There were likewise found part of a golden fibula, or buckle, a broken battle-axe, an ornament for the end of a belt, a part of which yet remained, part of a spur, and a bit resembling Ancient relics found. modern snaffle. Various figures, rudely sculptured, remained on the stones which enclosed the left side of the chest; they chiefly represented circles, each having within a cross in relief. Hayman Rooke, Esq., the learned antiquary, from whose account the above particulars are taken, supposed that the personage whose remains were found was buried soon after the first dawning of Christianity; and also, inferred from the rich ornaments found in the tomb, that he was a chieftain of high rank.

[C] ASSENDON. At this township is a land spring, reputed the most eminent of its kind in England. The water only appears after a continuance of wet weather, but then issues forth in such abundance, that mills might be turned by the current, and the adjacent lowlands are inundated. This spring has been supposed by some to act on the principle Wonderful spring. of a natural syphon, and to be supplied from subterranean sources; but this is evidently erroneous, as the seasons of its flowing are uniformly after heavy rains.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
36	Assington	pa	Suffolk	Neyland	4	Sudbury	5	Hadleigh	7	57	641
45	Asson-Thorpe	ham	W.R. York	Thorne	4	Snaith	5	Doncaster	9	170	...
7	Astbury[A]	pa	Chester	Congleton	2	Sandbach	6	Leek	10	160	14637
24	Asterby	pa	Lincoln	Horncastle	7	Louth	7	M. Raisin.	13	143	231
31	Asthall[B]	pa	Oxford	Burford	2	Witney	6	Charlbury	8	70	352
22	Astley	chap	Lancaster	Newton	6	Manchester	11	Bolton	7	195	1832
33	Astley	chap	Salop	Shrewsbury	0	Wellington	11	Oswestry	18	153	239
39	Astley[C]	pa	Warwick	Nuneaton	4	Coleshill	7	Coventry	7	98	340
42	Astley[D]	pa	Worcester	Bewdley	5	Worcester	9	Kiddermins	5	121	849

[A] ASTBURY, or AUSTBURY, is an extensive village and contains several gentlemen's seats. The church is a handsome gothic structure, with a lofty steeple. In the church yard are two ancient monuments, ornamented with the insignia of knighthood, but the names of the families whose memories they were intended to record are now lost. The parish of Astbury contains no less than twelve townships, of which the market Contains 12 townships. town of Congleton is one. Each of these townships has its overseer and other officers, but the whole parish is under the government of one church-warden, the office of which is served in rotation by eight persons, vulgarly denominated the "Posts of the Parish;" though they should properly be called Provosts.

[B] ASTHALL. At this village is an old manorial mansion, now used as a farm-house, which was formerly the residence of Sir Richard Jones, one of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas in the reign of Charles the First. In the north aisle of the church stands a large stone coffin, Alice Corbett. said to contain the remains of Alice Corbett, concubine to Henry I.

Mail arrives 5 morning; departs 9.35 evening.

[C] ASTLEY. This manor was held, in the reign of Henry II., by Philip de Estley, of the Earl of Warwick, by the service of holding the Earl's Singular tenure. stirrup when he mounted or alighted from his horse. From this person are descended two families, seated at Hill Morton, in this county, and at Patshull, in Staffordshire. In the reign of Henry V. the estate passed by marriage to the Greys of Ruthin, from whom it descended to Henry Grey, Marquis of Dorset, and Duke of Suffolk, beheaded in the reign of Queen Mary, for an attempt to make Lady Jane Grey queen. The manor belongs at present to F.P. Newdigate, Esq. Astley Castle is surrounded by a moat, along the inner edge of which lie the remains of massive walls. The habitable part of the mansion is probably not older than the time of Mary; but it is clad in a garb of ivy, and other evergreens, which renders it singularly picturesque. In one room is preserved a portrait of the factious Suffolk, respecting whose capture the following particulars are related:—"Finding that he was forsaken, he put himself under the trust Lord Suffolk betrayed by his keeper. of one Underwood, as it is said, a keeper of his park here at Astley, who hid him for some few days in a large hollow tree, standing about two bow-shots from the church; but, being promised a reward, he betrayed him." The church of Astley having been made collegiate, by Lord Thomas de Astley, was by him rebuilt, and adorned with a spire, so lofty that it served as a land-mark in the deep wood-lands of the district, and was popularly termed "The lanthorn of Arden."—The interior is curious and interesting, although many monuments and decorations have been removed or destroyed at various times. On an altar-tomb at the west-end are the effigies, in alabaster, of a warrior and a lady; and on another, is the mutilated figure of a female in a recumbent posture: both are without inscription.

[D] ASTLEY. This village is situated on the Severn, it was noted before the dissolution, for its priory of Benedictines, and is now remarkable chiefly for a hermitage formed in the living rock, and recently converted into an Hermitage. ale-house. The church, built in the Saxon style of architecture, contains some monuments and a few fragments of stained glass. Here is the ancient seat called Glasshampton.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
33	Astley Abbots	pa	Salop	Bridgenorth	2	M. Wenlock	7	Madeley	6	142	666
5	Aston	ham	Bucks	Ivinghoe	1	Dunstable	7	Leighton	5	34	406
7	Aston	to	Chester	Northwich	3	Warrington	8	Frodsham	9	176	409
7	Aston	to & chap	Chester	Frodsham	3	Northwich	8	Warrington	8	181	197
10	Aston	ham	Derby	Tideswell	6	Castleton	2	Derwent	3	164	104
53	Aston	to	Flint	Hawarden	2	Flint	6	Chester	6	197	237
17	Aston	pa	Hereford	Ludlow	4	Leominster	10	Wigmore	4	143	56
18	Aston[A]	pa	Herts	Stevenage	3	Watton	4	Welwyn	6	30	494
56	Aston	to	Montgomery	Ch. Stretton	10	Montgomery	7	Bishop's Cas.	2	161	84
31	Aston	ham	Oxford	Witney	5	Bampton	2	Ensham	7	69	699
35	Aston	to	Stafford	Drayton	6	Newcastle	6	Eccleshall	8	154	277
39	Aston[B]	pa	Warwick	Birmingham	2	Tamworth	13	Coleshill	9	111	32118
46	Aston[C]	to & pa	N.R. York	Rotherham	6	Sheffield	8	Maltby	6	156	564

[A] ASTON. The village and manor of Aston was an ancient demesne of the Saxon kings. Henry VIII. granted the manor to Sir John Boteler, of Walton Wood Hall; but the house now standing at Aston Place, indicates earlier antiquity than the time of that sovereign. Westward of the village, The six hills. on the eastern side of the great North road, are six large barrows, thought to be of Danish origin; from their immediate proximity to the road-side they excite the curiosity and attention of most persons travelling northward: two of them have been opened, but were not found to contain any thing of sufficient interest to be here recorded.

[B] ASTON is in the Birmingham division of the Hundred of Hemlingford. It may be deemed a part of Birmingham, being inhabited chiefly by Part of Birmingham. artisans in the various branches of manufacture for which that town is distinguished. Aston Hall, the seat of Heneage Legge, Esq., was first erected by Sir Thomas Holt, Bart. in the reign of James I. It was several times plundered during the troubles of his successor, who was entertained here for two nights a short time before the battle of Edgehill, which occurred on October 23, 1642, between the Royalists and the Parliamentary forces. Sir T. Holt endowed an alms-house for five poor men and women in this parish.

[C] ASTON, is a parish and township with Aughton, in the wapentake of Strafforth and Tickhill. In the church, which is dedicated to All Saints, is an ancient monument, under which lie buried Lord D'Arcy and his three wives. There is also a marble slab to the memory of the poet The poet Mason's monument. Mason, who was rector of this parish. This distinguished poet was the son of a clergyman in Yorkshire, in which county he was born in the year 1725. He became a student of St. John's College, Cambridge, and subsequently a fellow of Pembroke Hall, in the same university. His debut in the literary world was made by the publication of "Isis," a poem, in which he satirized the Jacobitish and High Church principles of the University of Oxford. A reply was written by Thomas Warton, entitled "The Triumph of Isis." In 1752 he published a tragedy with choral odes on the ancient Greek model, called "Elfrida." Having taken orders in the church, he was presented with the living of Aston, and appointed one of the royal chaplains. In 1759 appeared his "Caractacus," a drama on a kindred plan with the former. Both of these pieces were afterwards introduced on the stage, they however met with very little success. In 1762, Mr. Mason was made precentor of York, to which preferment a canonry was annexed. One of his principal works, entitled "The English Garden," a poem, in four books, appeared in the years 1772, 1777, 1779, and 1781. 4to.; this was translated into French and German. In 1775 he published the exquisite poems of his friend Gray, with a Memoir of his Life. At the beginning of the American War, Mr. Mason became An advocate for freedom dismissed from his chaplainship. so active an advocate for freedom, as to give offence at court, and he was in consequence dismissed from his chaplainship. It is said he felt alarmed at the frightful consequences of the French Revolution, and his zeal cooled towards the latter end of his life. He died April 7, 1797.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
5	Aston-Abbots	pa	Bucks	Aylesbury	5	Winslow	7	Leighton	6	40	303
15	Aston-Blank	pa	Gloucester	Northleach	4	Stow	5	Winchcomb	11	86	295
33	Aston-Botterill	pa	Salop	Bridgenorth	9	Cleobury	7	Ludlow	9	143	260
39	Aston-Cantlow	pa	Warwick	Alcester	4	Henley	4	Stratford	6	99	940
5	Aston-Clinton[A]	to & pa	Bucks	Tring	4	Ivinghoe	5	Aylesbury	4	35	1001
33	Aston-Eyre	to	Salop	Bridgenorth	3	M. Wenlock	5	Madeley	7	143	63
23	Aston-Flamville	to & p	Leicester	Hinckley	3	Lutterworth	8	Leicester	13	97	1703
7	Aston-Grange	to	Chester	Frodsham	4	Northwich	7	Warrington	8	181	36
17	Aston-Ingham	pa	Hereford	Ross	6	Ledbury	10	Newent	3	120	591
28	Aston on the Walls,	to & pa	Northamp	Banbury	8	Daventry	9	Towcester	11	71	240
42	Aston-Magna	ham	Worcester	Moreton	3	Shipston	6	Broadway	4	89	254
31	Aston-Middle	to & pa	Oxford	Deddington	3	Woodstock	8	Bicester	9	64	121
7	Aston-Mondrum	to	Chester	Nantwich	4	Tarporley	8	Middlewich	7	168	159
31	Aston-North	pa	Oxford	Deddington	2	Bicester	9	Woodstock	9	64	305
31	Aston-Rowant	pa	Oxford	Tetsworth	4	Thame	4	Watlington	4	39	946
5	Aston-Sandford	pa	Bucks	Thame	4	Aylesbury	6	P. Risboro'	5	42	82
15	Aston-Somerville	pa	Gloucester	Evesham	4	Broadway	4	Winchcombe	7	98	103
31	Aston-Steeple[B]	to & pa	Oxford	Deddington	4	Woodstock	7	Bicester	9	64	562
15	Aston-Subege	pa	Gloucester	Campden	2	Evesham	6	Broadway	4	92	103
4	Aston-Tirrold	pa	Berks	Wallingford	6	E. Illsley	6	Streatley	5	50	343
15	Aston-upon-Carron	pa and ti	Gloucester	Tewkesbury	2	Cheltenham	9	Evesham	10	104	166
10	Aston-upon-Trent	pa	Derby	Derby	6	Ashby	10	Loughboro	11	121	620
4	Aston-Upthorpe	ham	Berks	Wallingford	6	Wantage	9	Abingdon	8	52	172
28	Astrope, or Asthorpe[C]	ham	Northamp	Brackley	6	Banbury	4	Deddington	5	69	...
28	Astwell[D]	ham	Northamp	...	6	Towcester	5	Daventry	13	64	118

[A] ASTON CLINTON is in the first division of Aylesbury hundred. The manor was the property of the late Lord Lake, who died in 1808, during the trial of General Whitelock, who was cashiered for his misconduct at Buenos Ayres at the commencement of that year. At St. Leonard's, a hamlet of this parish, about four miles from Aston church, is an ancient chapel, said to have been a chantry chapel to the Abbey of Missenden. It Monument of one of Queen Anne's officers. contains, among other monuments, that of General Cornelius Wood, an officer who distinguished himself in the reign of Queen Anne, and who died in 1712. It is ornamented with a bust of the general in white marble, surrounded with military trophies. This chapel is endowed with an estate, vested in ten trustees, who have the appointment of the minister.

[B] STEEPLE ASTON. At this village, Dr. Samuel Radcliffe, principal of Brazennose College, Oxford, and rector of this church, founded a free Dr. Samuel Radcliffe. school in 1640, and endowed it with ten pounds per annum; he died in the year 1648, and is buried in the church. He also endowed an alms-house for poor women in this parish. A tessalated pavement was ploughed up here in the 17th century.

[C] ASTROPE. This hamlet is in the parish of King's Sutton. The village is worthy of remark, from the church having a tower crowned with a handsome and lofty spire, decorated with crocketed pinnacles. Here is a remarkably fine mineral spring, called St. Rumbald's Well, which A mineral spring famous for curing consumption, jaundice, &c. was formerly in considerable repute. When drank at the fountain head, the water is considered a specific in cases of female obstructions, and in the first and second stages of consumptions. In the jaundice it seldom fails; and in dropsical cases is frequently administered with success. Persons whose constitutions have been weakened by free living, find themselves renovated by its virtues. The water has a brisk pleasant taste, and is very clear and spirituous. Astrope Hall was formerly the residence of the Lord Chief Justice Willes.

[D] ASTWELL. In this hamlet is an ancient mansion, formerly the seat of the Earl of Ferrers. Several of the rooms exhibit in the wainscot Seat of Earl Ferrers and chimney pieces, armorial bearings and other carved decorations. A dilapidated room at the east end was formerly a chapel.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
3	Astwick	pa	Bedford	Biggleswade	5	Shefford	6	Baldock	3	40	97
5	Astwood	pa	Bucks	Newport Pag	6	Woburn	10	Olney	6	51	268
24	Aswarby	pa	Lincoln	Folkingham	4	Sleaford	5	Grantham	12	110	113
24	Aswardby	pa	Lincoln	Spilsby	4	Alford	7	Horncastle	8	136	80
33	Atcham	pa	Salop	Shrewsbury	4	Acton Burn.	6	Shiffnal	14	149	463
39	Atch-Lench	ham	Worcester	Evesham	4	Alcester	6	Pershore	7	104	82
54	Athan, St.[A]	pa	Glamorgan	Cowbridge	4	Cardiff	15	Bridgend	10	174	312
12	Athelampton	pa	Dorset	Dorchester	7	Bere Regis	7	Blandford	13	116	79
36	Athelington, or Allington	pa	Suffolk	Eye	5	Framlingham	8	Debenham	6	88	129
34	Athelney, Isle of		Somerset
11	Atherington	pa	Devon	Torrington	7	Barnstaple	8	S. Molton	9	204	592
39	Atherstone[B]	m.t. & pa	Warwick	Nuneaton	6	Sheepy	3	Tamworth	8	105	3870

[A] ST. ATHAN. In this village is a castle, called East Orchard, built in the year 1691, by Roger Berkrols; it stands on the edge of an extensive flat: a luxuriant wild fig tree grows out of the cement of the chapel walls. Perhaps the Turkey fig tree might be propagated with more success, grafted upon this wildling, which probably originated in the cultivated fig planted in the gardens of the Norman lords. In St. Athan's church there The largest inhabited castle in Wales. are two uncommonly fine gothic monuments of the Berkrol's family: there are likewise in this parish the remains of two castles—West Orchard and Castleton; but these are not of such great antiquity. From this spot there is a good view of Fonmore, or Fronmon Castle, which is the most extensive and august of the Welch inhabited castles. The kitchen is said to be the largest in the kingdom. In Fronmon castle is an excellent portrait of Oliver Cromwell. The flat and steep-holms are seen from this neighbourhood: the former has its light-house. It is situated nearly ten miles from the sea lock of the canal, and three miles from the adjacent steep-holms, which is a smaller island than the former, though more conspicuous from its great height above the water; it is quite barren and uninhabited. The flat holms at low tide is an extensive sheet of mud, excepting one deep Account of the dangerous beach. channel. The landing place is near the castle rock, a dangerous, but romantic beach, so called from its similarity to a castle, it is very large, and is said to resemble Abergavenny castle. In the centre is a bold arch, which at high water is covered. The hollow sound of the sea roaring through the arch, and the waves occasionally retreating, and then forcing their way back with redoubled fury, has an uncommonly fine effect. At low tide the shore all around the base is dry. The island is four or five miles in circumference; the soil is good, and would, if well cultivated, be very productive. From the light-house, which is 80 feet in height, is a delightful prospect of the Bristol Channel and the shores of Somerset and Glamorgan. It is the resort of many visitors in the summer season.

[B] ATHERSTONE. This market town is supposed to have derived its name from "a stone" under which an "adder" of enormous size was found; it is situated on the Watling Street, and divided from Leicestershire by the river Anker, and was a place of some importance at the Conquest: at which time the town was given to the monks of Bee in Normandy, who obtained for it a market day and an annual fair, which Some foreign monks obtained this market. brought it into consequence. A monastery of friars, (Hermits of Saint Augustine,) was founded at Atherstone in the year 1375. The church belonging to the friary was completed in the reign of Richard II. A free grammar school was founded here by Sir William Devereux and two other benevolent persons in the year 1573. The chancel of the friary church was appropriated to the use of this seminary, and is still dedicated to the same purpose. The mansion, or hall house was sometime after separated from the chapel, and rebuilt at a short distance upon a pleasant bank, commanding an extensive view over the adjacent counties of Leicester, Derby, and Stafford. Two nights before the battle of Bosworth Field (which is but nine miles distant), the Duke of Richmond lay at Atherstone, where he had his interview with the two Stanley's, in which such measures of co-operation were concerted as occasioned the overthrow of King Richard III., and it is said, that many persons from the subsequent battle were buried below this old mansion, from which the spot has retained the name of the bloody bank. It appears, however, to have been so called from being the place where contests of less serious results were usually decided by the young champions of the ancient foundation school, which is still supported by a respectable endowment. Atherstone Hall has Atherstone Hall. recently been much improved by extended buildings and ornamental plantations. It is situated near Merevale Hall, the seat of D.S. Dugdale, Esq., and Grendon Hall, that of Sir G. Chetwynd, Bart. Here are manufactories of hats, ribbons, and shalloons, and considerable business is done at the four annual fairs; that in September being the most considerable in England for the sale of cheese. The passage of the Coventry canal, uniting with that of the Trent and Mersey, within a hundred yards of the town, adds very considerably to its facilities of trading. The poet Drayton, author of the "Polyolbion," was a native of Atherstone.

Market, Tuesday.—Fairs, April 7, for horses, cows, and sheep; July 18, holyday; September 19, for horses, cows, and cheese; December 4, for horses and fat cattle.—Mail arrives 8.41 A.M.; departs 5.36 P.M.—Inns, Red Lion, and Three Tuns.—Bankers, W. and J.H. Chapman; draw upon Spooner and Co.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
39	Atherstone-upon-Stour	pa	Warwick	Stratford	3	Shipston	9	Campden	9	92	87
22	Atherton, or Chowbents	to & chap	Lancaster	Newton	7	Bolton	5	Wigan	7	198	4181
10	Atlow	chap	Derby	Ashbourn	4	Wirksworth	6	Derby	13	139	517
51	Atpar	m.t.	Cardigan	Newcastle	1	Cardigan	10	Carmarthen	21	230
30	Attenborough[A]	pa	Nottingham	Nottingham	6	Derby	10	Loughboro'	10	119	1094
24	Atterly	to	Lincoln	Mar. Rising	9	Brigg	10	Gainsboro'	12	148	110
45	Attercliffe	to	W.R. York	Sheffield	2	Rotherham	4	Barnsley	13	162	3741
23	Atterton	ham	Leicester	Atherstone	3	Hinckley	6	Nuneaton	5	105	76
31	Attington	ex. p.ham	Oxford	Tetsworth	1	Thame	3	Watlington	6	42	7
27	Attleborough[B]	m.t. & p	Norfolk	Norwich	15	Buckenham	4	Watton	10	94	1939

[A] ATTENBOROUGH. This village, supposed to be the ancient Attenton, lies nearly on the banks of the river Trent. Its church is large, and also well filled: it serves for Chilwell, Toueton, and part of Bramcote. This place is remarkable, for having given birth to Henry Ireton, the regicide, Birth-place of the regicide, son-in-law of Oliver Cromwell. son-in-law of Oliver Cromwell. He was the eldest son of Gervase Ireton, Esq., and brother to Sir John Ireton, Lord Mayor of London in 1658. He was a gentleman commoner of Trinity College, Oxford, in 1629, and at the age of 19 he took one degree in Arts. Wood tells us, that he had the character in that college of a stubborn and saucy fellow towards the seniors. Afterwards he went to the Middle Temple, where he became grounded in the common law. When the rebellion broke out he took up arms against the king, was a recruiter in the long parliament, and about that time married Bridget, one of the daughters of Cromwell, then only colonel of a regiment. He became first a captain, afterwards colonel, and at length commissary-general, in 1645. He is said to have been the best prayer-maker and preacher in the whole army. He drew up the famous remonstrance requiring justice to be done on their sovereign. He sat as judge on the king's trial, and was one of the committee that appointed the time and place of execution. In Cromwell's expedition to Ireland, he was appointed second in command, with the rank of major-general, and was afterwards made president of Munster; being left as deputy by Cromwell, in 1649, he died the next year of a sudden disorder at Limerick. On his death, the parliament settled a pension of £2000. per annum on his widow and children, out of the estates of the Duke of Buckingham.

[B] ATTLEBOROUGH, or ATTLEBURGH. This small market town was formerly a place of considerable consequence. During the Saxon era it was a post of strength and served as a check to the Danes in their predatory incursions. Its fortifications are said to have been conspicuous in the time of Henry II. Attleborough formerly belonged to the Mortimers; from them it passed to the Ratcliffe family, of whom it was purchased by Sir Francis Blickley, Bart., whence it came into possession of the family of Ash. A college, dedicated to the Holy Cross, was founded here in the reign of Richard II., by Sir Robert de Mortimer, for a custos and four fellows. The church, with the east end is entire; it is in the collegiate form, and consists of a large nave with aisles and a north and south transept; it contains the monuments of many persons of distinction. On a flat stone in the nave is an inscription to the memory of Captain John Gibbs, a celebrated horse racer and gamester, in the reign of Charles I. Anecdote of Captain J. Gibbs. This person having laid a wager that he would drive his carriage and four horses up and down the steepest place of the Devil's Ditch, on Newmarket Heath, succeeded in winning the bet, by making a very light chaise, with a jointed perch, and without any pole. It is worthy of remark, that the first turnpike road in the kingdom, was made at Attleborough, by an Act passed for that purpose in 1707.

Market, Thursday.—Fairs, Thursday before Easter; Thursday after Holy Trinity; August 15, for cattle and Toys.—Mail arrives 7.27 A.M.; departs 6.38 P.M.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
39	Attleborough	ham	Warwick	Nuneaton	1	Coventry	9	Hinckley	5	100
27	Attlebridge	pa	Norfolk	Reepham	5	Aylesham	8	Norwich	9	112	117
46	Atwicke	to & pa	E.R.York	Hornsea	2	Bridlington	12	Beverley	13	189	285
24	Auborn	to & pa	Lincoln	Lincoln	8	Newark	10	Navenby	6	127	356
13	Auckland, St. Andrew[A]	to & pa	Durham	Bp. Auckland	1	Darlington	11	Durham	11	248	11137
13	Auckland, St. Helen	ch	Durham	...	3	...	10	...	13	246	410
13	Auckland, West	to	Durham	...	3	...	10	...	13	246	1106
14	Audley End[B]	ham	Essex	Saff. Walden	1	Newport	2	Chesterford	4	42
7	Audlem	to & pa	Chester	Nantwich	6	Whitchurch	9	Woore	5	163	2978

[A] ST. ANDREWS, AUCKLAND. This place is celebrated for the church having been made collegiate by Bishop Beck, although it is probable there was some foundation here before the time of that prelate. The edifice is situated on a rising ground, in a valley near the banks of the river Gaunless, and has the form of a cross with a tower at the west end. In the inside is a curious wooden figure, said to be an effigy of one of Curious effigy. the family of Polland, which represents a knight sitting cross-legged and dressed in a coat of mail, with his hands raised and his feet resting on a lion.

[B] AUDLEY END is principally celebrated for its vicinity to Audley House, which was sold by the third Earl of Suffolk, to Charles II., for £50,000., the king, however, left a great part of the sum on mortgage. The present mansion, though a large and magnificent structure, consists only of a small part of the original building, owing to its curtailment at various times. When in its perfect state, it was esteemed one of the most splendid and capacious mansions in the country; and, if not superior, was nearly equal to the palaces of Hampton Court, Nonsuch, and Richmond. At the time when it was first built, large, rather than comfortable or handsome houses were fashionable. Influenced by these sentiments, Thomas Howard, the first Earl of Suffolk, (as Walpole observes,) determined to have "an immense pile of building," and £190,000. was expended upon its erection. It is said that, when the house was finished, King James was invited to see it. Having surveyed the structure with Anecdote of James I. great astonishment, the earl asked him "how he liked it?" "Very well," replied James, "but troth man," continued he sarcastically, "it is too much for a king, but it may do for a Lord High Treasurer." An elegant domestic chapel, constructed by the late Lord Howard, occupies the north west corner of the house. It is fitted up with clustered columns, pointed arches, and fan like tracery; and, in imitation of a cathedral, it has a nave, side-aisles and transepts. The windows are filled with painted glass, by Pickett of York, who executed them in 1771, from Biaggio Rebecca's designs.

Fair, August 5, for cheese.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
35	Audley	to & pa	Stafford	Newcastle	4	Leek	14	Congleton	9	154	3617
22	Aughton	chap	Lancaster	Lancaster	7	K. Lonsdale	8	Burton	7	217	199
22	Aughton	pa	Lancaster	Ormskirk	2	Liverpool	10	Prescott	10	208	1462
46	Aughton[A]	to & pa	E.R. York	Howden	7	Selby	7	York	11	189	665
45	Aughton	to	W.R. York	Rotherham	5	Sheffield	7	Tickhill	11	156
24	Aukborough[B]	pa	Lincoln	Barton	10	Burton	3	Howden	10	172	467
30	Aukley	to	Nottingham	Bawtry	5	Gainsboro'	13	Doncaster	6	158	297
10	Ault-Hucknall	pa	Derby	Mansfield	6	Chesterfield	7	Bolsover	4	144	618
24	Aunsby	pa	Lincoln	Folkingham	6	Sleaford	6	Grantham	9	112	117
15	Aust, or Aust-Clive[C]	ti. & chap	Gloucester	Thornbury	4	Bristol	11	Chepstow	5	123	203

[A] AUGHTON. This village is chiefly distinguished for having been the seat of an ancient and respectable family long since extinct, or dispersed. Once the seat of Sir Robert Aske. The Askes, who succeeded the family of Hai, resided here from about the year 1365, till the reign of Charles I., when the head of the family was one of the judges of that unfortunate monarch. Of this family, also, was Sir Robert Aske, a man of daring and enthusiastic courage, possessing considerable talents, who headed the insurrection called "the Pilgrimage of Grace," in the days of Henry VIII. Of the family seat, nothing remains but the site, marked by several moats.

[B] AUKBOROUGH. Dr. Stukely having discovered a Roman castrum and a vicinal road here, supposed it to be the Aquis of Ravennas. The Roman station is square, each side 300 feet; the entrance is at the north, and the west side faces the steep cliff that over-hangs the Trent. The situation of this castle at the north-west angle of Lincolnshire, renders it a kind of watch tower over Nottingham and Yorkshire, which it surveys. The camp is now called "Countess Close," and tradition speaks of a Countess of Warwick having resided here. The vallum and ditch are nearly entire; a square plat called the "Oreen," is supposed to have been appropriated for the soldiers when on duty. Within this is a round walk into a labyrinth, called Julian's Bower; these bowers are usually Julian's bower. found in the neighbourhood of Roman towns, and are objects of great curiosity to uninformed people. Dr. Stukeley is of opinion that they were the arena of some of their ancient games, brought into Italy from Troy, and that they derived their name from "borough," any work consisting of ramparts of earth, and not from "bower" an arbour. The views in this neighbourhood are very beautiful; the winding Trent with its rich level plains of meadow, all alive with herds of cattle; the cliff, commanding a noble view of the three rivers; the hanging woods and ornamented walks, all form a great contrast to what Lincolnshire is often represented by those who have visited only the fenny parts of this fertile county.

[C] AUST, or AUST CLIVE. Here is a celebrated ferry over the Severn into South Wales. The Proprætor, Ostorius Scapula, was accustomed to ferry his legions over near this place. In the time of Edward the Elder, Celebrated passage into South Wales. who was lying here with his army, Llewellyn, Prince of Wales, was stationed at Beachley, on the opposite bank. Llewellyn, who was required to pay homage to the English Sovereign, refused to cross the passage; but Edward immediately crossing in a boat, was seen, as he approached the shore by Llewellyn, who, overcome by the condescension, rushed into the water, and taking the monarch upon his shoulders, carried him to land, and did him homage for the principality. The Severn is here nearly two miles across.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
8	Austell, or St. Austle[A]	m.t. & pa	Cornwall	Truro	14	Lostwithiel	9	Grampound	6	243	8758
45	Austerfield	to & chap	W.R. York	Bawtry	2	Thorne	11	Doncaster	9	155	280
7	Austerson	to	Chester	Northwich	4	Frodsham	6	Tarporley	10	177	69

[A] ST. AUSTELL is a considerable market town, which belongs to the north-eastern division of the county, and is one of the polling places. The petty sessions of the hundred of Powder are held here. Considerable quantities of corn and other articles are brought to the market. The town is seated on the eastern side of a hill which slopes gradually to a rivulet which runs along a narrow valley; this stream, and the inequality of the ground, have been rendered eminently useful to the manufactories of the neighbourhood. The water which has been conducted round the side of the hills, in its course impels the machinery of several stamping-mills, which have been erected on different levels. It is also employed to cleanse and separate the tin from the pounded mass. Through its vicinity to the great tin mine of Polgooth, St. Austell has within the last sixty or seventy years, considerably increased in the number of its Blackmore Court held here. houses and inhabitants. The holding of the Blackmore Court here, which is the most considerable of the stannary courts, or courts relating to the tin works, have also contributed to augment its prosperity. The old town, or rather village, was at some little distance to the east, and its site is still marked by a few cottages; the present town is the regular thoroughfare for travellers from Plymouth to Falmouth; the streets are very narrow, and not having any pavement for foot passengers are somewhat unsafe. The only blowing houses in the county are at the east end of this town; they are three in number, and very spacious; the old smelting houses are supplied with coals, and are reverberatory; but in these blowing houses the fire is of charcoal, and ignited by air impelled through tubes by cylinders instead of bellows; this mode of fluxing the ore is considered by the workmen far preferable to the other. The inhabitants of this town, from its proximity to the sea, are principally employed in the pilchard fishery and in mining; there is however a small manufactory of serges. The parish church is a fine old fabric, consisting of three aisles; the tower and some other parts of the structure are fancifully ornamented; various carvings, monstrous heads, angels, and other figures appear on the cornices. From the repetition of the shovel, pick, hammers, and other tools, it seems probable that the miners were the principle contributors towards the expences of the building. In the year 1774, as some tinners were searching for tin in a stream work near the town, about seventeen feet under the surface of the ground, they discovered a silver cup, which is now used for wine at the Communion table, in which were several ancient pieces of gold and silver ornaments; they consisted of bracelets, rings, and buckles, Silver cup found 17ft. under ground. evidently for a person of high rank, with many of the most curious Saxon coins ever discovered at one time. All these articles fell out on moving the ground, and some were probably lost in shovelling out the rubbish; those which were picked up were dispersed about the country, and many of them broken. The celebrated Pentuan stone quarry, from which the materials of many churches and family seats have been taken, is in this parish. Polgooth mine (before mentioned) was considered the richest ever worked in England, and is situated about two miles south-west of the town. The surrounding country appears for many miles bleak, desolate, and barren, yet its bowels contain vast treasures; though, as a talented author has observed, "like the shabby mien of a miser, its aspect does not correspond with its hoards." The shafts by which the miners descend, and through which the ore is raised to the surface, are scattered over a considerable extent of sterile ground, whose dreary appearance, and the sallow countenances of the miners, concur to excite ideas of gloom, apprehension, and melancholy. The number of shafts is not less than fifty, from twenty to thirty of which are constantly in use. When a stranger is induced to descend, he is previously accoutred in a flannel shirt and trowsers, a close cap, an old hat to shelter his face from droppings, and a thick pair of shoes. A lighted candle is put into one hand, and a spare one suspended to a button of his jacket. Every part of the ordinary clothing is laid aside, and the flannel dress worn close to the skin, in order to absorb the profuse perspiration which the closeness of the mine or the labour of mounting the ladders may occasion.

Market, Friday.—Fairs, Whit Thursday, and Nov. 30, for oxen, sheep, and cloth.—Mail arrives 12.35 afternoon; departs 10.27. morning.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
45	Austhorpe[A]	to	W.R. York	Leeds	4	Wetherby	10	Abberford	5	189	150
9	Austhwaite	ham	Cumberland	Ravenglass	11	Ulverston	10	Bootle	7	283	101
45	Austonley	to	W.R. York	Huddersfield	8	Barnsley	9	Wakefield	11	181	1420
39	Austrey	pa	Warwick	Tamworth	6	Atherstone	7	Orton	2	112	540
45	Austwick	to	W.R. York	Settle	5	Ingleton	9	Hawes	20	241	614
24	Authorpe	pa	Lincoln	Alford	4	Louth	7	Horncastle	13	144	121
41	Avebury, or Abury[B]	pa	Wilts	Marlborough	7	Swindon	11	Calne	6	82	747
14	Aveley	pa	Essex	Purfleet	2	G. Thurrock	4	Wennington	4	21	758
17	Avenbury	pa	Hereford	Bromyard	2	Ledbury	13	Hereford	15	125	314
15	Avening	pa	Gloucester	Tetbury	4	M. Hampton	5	Horseley	3	99	2396
30	Averham[C]	pa	Nottingham	Newark	3	Southwell	5	Tuxford	13	127	182
11	Aveton-Gifford	pa	Devon	Modbury	3	Dartmouth	13	Kingsbridge	5	208	939

[A] AUSTHORPE. This township gave birth to the celebrated civil engineer John Smeaton, distinguished as the architect of Eddystone Light-house, and, as the conductor of various other important undertakings. He Birth-place of Smeaton the architect. was the son of an attorney, who, observing that he had a strong taste for mechanics, wisely allowed him to follow the impulse of his genius, and become a mathematical instrument maker. He commenced business in that capacity, in Holborn, London, in 1750. His great undertaking—the erection of the light-house on the Eddystone rock, was accomplished in the year 1759, and it was executed in such a manner as almost to bid defiance to the power of time or accident. His death took place in his native village, September 8, 1792.—See Eddystone Light-house.

[B] AVEBURY or ABURY, is situated within the very area of a British temple, and claims the particular attention of the topographer and antiquary. The enclosure, which is formed by a wide and deep ditch, and a lofty external vallum, contains many large stones, some of which are erect, and the others lying on the ground. Southward of this place, at some distance, are other large stones, erect or prostrate; and, westward, are two others, erect. Several walls and houses of the village are constructed A British temple formed of enormous stones. with broken masses of these ponderous monuments; yet enough remains to excite curiosity and prompt research. The following is a description of this great temple, in its original state:—Immediately within the ditch, and encompassing the whole area, was a continued series of large upright stones, consisting of one hundred in number; these stones were placed at the distance of twenty-seven feet from each other, and usually measured from fifteen to seventeen feet in height, and about forty feet in circumference. Within the area of this circle, the diameter of which was about 1400 feet, were two double circles; the exterior circles were about 466 feet in diameter, and formed by thirty stones of similar dimensions equally distant from each other, as in the large enclosing circle. Of these singular stones there are but few remaining; but from the extraordinary dimension of these relics of antiquity, the traveller may judge for himself the correctness of our notice.

Mail arrives at Beckhampton Inn, (1 mile distant,) at 5.20 morning; departs 9.45 night.

[C] AVERHAM. This place is principally remarkable for a monument contained in the church erected to the memory of Sir William Sutton, once lord of the manor, on which it is quaintly recorded that he had sixteen children, and an equal number of each sex; of whom the one half

"Ushered to heaven their father, and the other
Remained behind him to attend their mother."

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
4	Avington[A]	pa	Berks	Hungerford	3	Newbury	6	Kintbury	2	62	191
18	Avington[B]	pa	Hants	Winchester	5	Alresford	4	Basingstoke	14	60	26
41	Avon	chap	Wilts	Chippenham	3	Malmsbury	9	Calne	7	94	226
39	Avon Dassett	pa	Warwick	Banbury	6	Kineton	6	Southam	9	75
11	Awliscombe	pa	Devon	Honiton	2	Ottery St.M.	6	Collumpton	10	154	598
16	Awre	pa	Gloucester	Blakeney	3	Berkeley	3	Newnham	4	124	1309
34	Axbridge[C]	bo. m.t. & p	Somerset	Wells	10	Chedder	2	Bristol	18	130	998
41	Axford	ti	Wilts	Marlborough	3	Ramsbury	4	Albourne	5	73	450

[A] AVINGTON. Sir Francis Burdett is lord of this manor, and patron Sir Francis Burdett. of the rectory. The church, which remains nearly in its original state, exhibits a curious specimen of Saxon architecture. Within the walls it measures 75 feet by 14 feet and a half. The nave is separated from the chancel by an arch richly ornamented by a zig-zag moulding, and a great variety of grotesque heads springing from two enriched piers; the arch is formed of the segments of two circles, each having different centres. In this church there is also a very singular font, of rude workmanship, surrounded with grotesque figures, executed in bass-relief; that is to say, sculpture, the figures of which do not stand out from the ground in their full proportion.

[B] AVINGTON, anciently Abyngton, is remarkable for its beautiful park, the seat of Chandos Grenville, Duke of Buckingham, Lord Lieutenant Seat of the Duke of Buckingham. of the county of Bucks. The manor was originally a royal demesne, or estate in lands, and was given by king Edgar to the monastery of St. Swithin at Winchester, in the year 961; it continued in the possession of that house until the dissolution of monasteries, when it became the property of the clerks of Mitcheldever, (a village about five miles distant,) with whom it remained until the reign of Elizabeth; and then passed to the Bruges, or Brydges family, afterwards raised to the dukedom of Chandos. Anna Maria Brudenell, the infamous Countess of Shrewsbury, married one of this family; her former husband, the Earl of Shrewsbury, died from a wound received in a duel with the Duke of Buckingham, during the fighting of which the Countess had the audacity to hold the horse of her gallant, disguised as a page. Charles the Second was frequently the A seat of one of the paramours of Charles II. guest of this notorious woman at the mansion of Avington, which thus became the scene of that licentious monarch's pleasures. The mansion, which is mostly built of brick, has been greatly improved since it came into the possession of the present proprietor. It is situated in a well planted and secluded valley, nearly environed with high downs, which from their bare and open state, form a singular though not unpleasing contrast with the scenery immediately contiguous to the house. Several of the apartments are fitted up with great elegance, and enriched by a choice collection of valuable paintings.

[C] AXBRIDGE. This town is one of the polling places for the eastern division of the county of Somerset, but the court for the election of the Knights of the Shire is at Wells. The borough sent members to parliament during the reigns of the three first Edwards, but was afterwards excused on the plea of poverty. It consists chiefly of one street, winding A borough excused on a plea of poverty. from east to west, about half a mile in length. The shambles and market are towards the east end. Although so small, it is governed by a corporation, consisting of a mayor, bailiff, and ten aldermen, and twenty-two burgesses, with a recorder, town-clerk, and other officers. Knit hose are manufactured in this town. The church, occupying an eminence, near the market-house, is a large and handsome gothic structure, in the form of a cross. The cloth of the communion table is elegantly wrought in silk, by Mrs. Abigail, who employed seven years in completing it. This lady, and several of her family, have monuments in the church.

Market, Saturday.—Fairs, Feb 23, and March 25, for cattle, sheep,cheese, and toys.—Mail arrives 2.0 afternoon; departs 11.0 morning.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
11	Axminster[A]	m.t.	Devon	Bridport	12	Honiton	10	Lyme Regis	6	147	2719
11	Axmouth	pa	Devon	Colyton	3	Sidmouth	9	...	6	153	646
13	Aycliffe-Great	to & p	Durham	Darlington	5	Sedgfield	7	Durham	13	246	1564
29	Aydon	to	Northumb	Hexham	6	Corbridge	2	Newcastle	15	277	99
29	Aydon-Castle	to	Northumb	...	6	...	2	...	15	277	29
15	Aylburton	chap	Gloucester	Blakeney	5	Coleford	7	Chepstow	8	120	388
11	Aylesbear	to&pa	Devon	Ottery, St.M.	5	Exeter	10	Sidmouth	8	166	1025
5	Aylesbury[B]	bo. m.t. & pa	Bucks	Tring	7	Winslow	11	Wendover	5	38	4907

[A] AXMINSTER is very irregularly built, and the houses are inelegant, but the air of the town is reckoned highly salubrious. The petty sessions of the hundred of Axminster are held here. The lower orders are mostly employed in manufacturing carpets, leather breeches, gloves, &c. The Trade. manner of weaving carpets here is different from that pursued at most other places; the carpets being woven in the piece, and several hands employed at the same loom. The common patterns are flowers, roses, &c., though the Turkey and Persian carpets have been imitated with success. In many large pieces Roman tesselated pavements have been copied, which have produced a very rich effect. The tunnel between Charmouth and was opened in the month of January, 1832. This improvement is substantially constructed with an elliptic arch, capable of allowing two stage waggons of the largest size to pass on it, and is rather more than A remarkable tunnel through a lofty hill. seventy yards in length. By the completion of this tunnel the longest and steepest hill between London and Exeter is avoided. A gentleman who visited the tunnel during the height of the ensuing summer, remarked the astonishing coolness which he felt within this hill's enclosed semi-cylinder; no sooner, however, had he left it, than he fainted from the difference of temperature between this subterraneous passage and that of the open air.

Market. Saturday—Fairs, St. Marks Day; April 30; Wednesday after June 24; Wednesday after Oct 10.—Mail arrives 1.20 afternoon; departs 12.51 afternoon.

[B] AYLESBURY. The Æglesbury of the Saxons, is a considerable market town, situated near the centre of the county, rising gradually on all sides in a rich and extensive tract, denominating the "Vale of Aylesbury." Drayton in his Poly-Albion has the following lines descriptive of this celebrated vale:—

Aylesbury's vale that walloweth in her wealth,
And (by her wholesome air continually in health)
Is lusty, firm, and fat; and holds her youthful strength.

This was originally a strong British town, which maintained its independence till the year 571, when it was reduced by the West Saxons. In the year 600, it became famous as the burial place of St. Osyth, who was St. Osyth. born at Quarrendon, two miles distance, and beheaded in Essex by the Pagans. Her relics were interred in this church, and are said to have performed many miracles; a religious house was founded in honour of William the Conqueror, who parcelled it out under the singular tenure:—that Singular tenure of this manor. the tenants should find litter or straw for the king's bedchamber three times a year, if he came that way so often, and provide him with three eels in winter, and three green geese in summer. In the reign of Henry VIII., the manor was sold by Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wilts, father of Queen Anne Boleyn, to Sir John Baldwin, whose daughter took it in marriage to Robert Pakington, who was murdered in the year 1537, on account of his zeal for the reformed religion. It continued in this family till the year 1801, when it was sold by Sir John Pakington, Bart., to the Marquis of Buckingham. How completely the manor and the town itself were in the possession of the Pakington family, will appear from the following remarkable letter preserved in the Chapel of the Rolls, among the returns of Parliament writs of the fourteenth of Queen Elizabeth:—"To all Christian people, to whom this present writing shall come: I, Remarkable Parliamentary writ. Dorothy Pakington, late wife of Sir John Pakington, lord and owner of the town of Aylesbury, send greeting. Know ye me, the said Dorothy Pakington, to have chosen, named, and appointed my trusty and well-beloved Thomas Litchfield, and George Burden, Esqrs., to be my burgesses of my said town of Aylesbury; and whatever the said Thomas and George, burgesses, shall do in the service of the Queen's Highness in the Parliament to be holden at Westminster on the 8th of May next ensuing the date hereof, I the same Dorothy Pakington do ratify and approve to be of my own act as fully and wholly as if I were witness or present there. In witness whereof, to these presents, I have set my seal, this 4th day of May, in the 14th year of the reign of my Sovereign Lady Elizabeth, by the grace of God, of England, France, and Ireland, Queen, &c." Aylesbury was made a borough town by a charter of Queen Mary, in 1554. The Reform Bill has made no alteration in the number of members. The electors are those of the old constituency, consisting of freeholders of the hundred, and house-keepers not receiving alms; the freeholders of the hundred are estimated at 838; and the ten pound householders at 314; total 1152. The limits of the borough are unaltered, and the returning officers are the constables of the borough. The town is also one of the polling places for this county, which now returns three members. The county gaol is still at Aylesbury, but the Summer Assizes were restored to Buckingham, through the exertions of Lord Cobham and the Grenville family in the year 1758. The only manufacture at Aylesbury is that of lace-making: the weekly market is a very plentiful one for provision, and much business is done here at the annual fairs.

Market, Saturday—Fairs, Friday after Jan. 18; Saturday before Palm Sunday; May 8; June 14; September 25; October 12, for cattle. Bankers, Rickford and Son, draw on Praed's and Co—Mail arrives 12.40 morning; departs 2.19 morning.—Inns, George, and White Hart.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
24	Aylesby	pa	Lincoln	G. Grimsby	4	Barton	17	Caistor	9	166	144
21	Aylesford[A]	pa	Kent	Maidstone	4	Rochester	5	Wrotham	8	32	1301
23	Aylestone	to & pa	Leicester	Leicester	3	Lutterworth	10	Hinckley	10	96	758
27	Aylmerton	pa	Norfolk	Cromer	3	Holt	9	Aylsham	2	125	284

[A] AYLESFORD is seated on the banks of the Medway, by which the parish is divided. The church is so singularly situated, from being placed on a rising ground, that persons in the churchyard can almost look down the chimnies of the houses. The neighbourhood is famed as having been the spot where, we are told by ancient historians, a sanguinary battle was The site of a Saxon battle. fought in 445, between the Britons and Saxons; the conflict having taken place about five years after the first landing of the latter in Britain. It appears from our chronicles that Vortimer, then monarch of this island, having first defeated his enemies on the banks of the Darent, in Kent, pursued their routed forces to Aylesford; at which place the Saxons had passed to the eastern side of the Medway, where a most obstinate and bloody battle took place between the contending armies, when the fate of the day, having long remained undecided, at length terminated favourably for the Britons. In that decisive affair, Horsa, brother of Hengist, the Saxon chief, and Catigrinus, brother to King Vortimer, are said to have contended hand to hand, when both died bravely upon the spot. Horsa, if tradition may be credited, was interred about three miles north of Aylesford, at a spot still bearing the name of Horsted; that is to say, "the place of Horsa;" where, in the adjoining fields, large stones are still dispersed over the soil; some in erect positions, while others, from lapse of time, have been thrown down; being, there is little doubt, placed there as memorials of the Saxon warriors slain in that famous encounter. Prince Cartigrinus is supposed to have been inhumed still nearer the field of slaughter, on the summit of an acclivity, about one mile north of Aylesford, and a quarter of a mile west from the high road leading from Rochester to Maidstone; at which place, Kitt's Cotty House still stands, as Kitt's Cotty House. represented in our engraving. This memorial consists of four large stones, of the pebble kind, two placed in the ground, being partly upright, forming two sides, a third standing in the middle between them, while the fourth, being the largest, is laid transversely over them, thus forming a covering. None of these stones bear the imprint of the chisel, or any sign whatsoever of manual labour. Alfred and Edmund Ironside defeated the Danes in this vicinity. Sir Charles Sedley, of poetical and dissolute notoriety, was a native of this place; as was also Sir Paul Rycaut, the celebrated eastern traveller.

Map	Names of Places		County	Number of Miles From						Dist. Lond.	Popul ation.
27	Aylsham[A]	m.t. & pa	Norfolk	Norwich	12	Cromer	11	Reepham	7	118	2334
17	Aylton	pa	Hereford	Ledbury	4	Ross	11	Hereford	11	124	126
17	Aymestery	to & pa	Hereford	Leominster	9	Kington	11	Ludlow	11	146	1006
28	Aynho[B]	pa	Northamp	Brackley	6	Banbury	7	Buckingham	11	63	664
18	Ayott, St. Lawrence	pa	Herts	Welwyn	3	Luton	7	St. Albans	7	28	134
18	Ayott, St. Peter	pa	Herts	...	2	Hatfield	5	...	7	25	271
43	Aysgarth	to & pa	N.R. York	Middleham	9	Askrigg	4	Reeth	7	241	5796
32	Ayston	pa	Rutland	Uppingham	1	Okeham	6	Rockingham	6	90	101
43	Ayton East	to & pa	N.R. York	Scarborough	4	N. Malton	16	Whitby	20	217	360
43	Ayton West	to	N.R. York	...	5	...	16	...	20	217	256
43	Ayton Great	to & pa	N.R. York	Stokesley	4	Guisboro'	5	Stockton	10	240	1105
43	Ayton Little	to & pa	N.R. York	...	4	...	5	...	10	240	68
45	Azerley, or Cozenley	to	W.R. York	Ripon	5	Masham	5	Bedale	11	217	579

[A] AYLSHAM is situated on the southern side of the river Brue, which is navigable hence to Yarmouth, for barges of about 13 tons burthen. Aylsham during the reigns of Edward II. and III., was the chief town in this part of the kingdom for the linen manufacture; but in succeeding Trade. reigns, that business was superseded by the woollen manufacture; and in the time of James I., the inhabitants were principally employed in knitting worsted stockings, breeches, and waistcoat pieces. Since the introduction of frame knitting, that trade has also been lost; the town is governed by a bailiff. Aylsham church is said to have been erected by John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, the court of which duchy was at one period held here. There is a spa in the neighbourhood, the water of which has obtained considerable reputation for its medicinal properties in chronic disorders.

Market, Tuesday.—Fairs, March 23; last Tuesday in September for lean cattle, ordinary horses, and pedlary; and October 6, for cattle.—Mail arrives 12.30 afternoon; departs 2.0 afternoon.—Bankers, Copeman and Co., draw upon Hankey and Co.

[B] AYNHO is a large and respectable village seated on a rock, below which issues a powerful spring of water, called the Town Well, which Town Well. after running through the vale below, contributes to the supply of the Charwell. The church contains numerous monuments, several of which belong to the Cartwright family, who have long been in possession of the manor, and whose descendant R.W. Cartwright, Esq., has a handsome seat, the interior of which is adorned with a fine collection of paintings. An hospital was founded here for poor and sick travellers. The building is still standing, but is now occupied as a private house.

RIVERS.
Name.	Rises.	Falls.	Name.	Rises.	Falls.
Aire[A]	Yorkshire	Ouse.	Arrow	Herefordsh	Lug
Alan	Cornwall	St. George's Channel.	Arrow	Worcestersh	Avon.
Ald	Suffolk	Sea near Aldborough.	Arth	Cardigansh	Irish Sea.
Alder	Sussex	Sea at Shoreham	Artro	Merionethsh	Landeber.
Allen	Dorsetshire	Stour	Arun	Sussex	Sea.
Allen	Flintshire	Astery	Sussex	Sea.
Allow, East	Durham	Tyne.	Atree	Cornwall	Tamer.
Allow, West	Northum	Tyne.	Aune	Devonshire	Sea.
Allow, West	Anglesea	Irish Sea	Avon Upper[D]	Northamp	Severn.
Alne[B]	Northumb	Tyne.	Avon Lower[E]	Wiltshire	English Channel.
Alt	Lancashire	Irish Sea	Avon	Glamorgansh	Severn.
Amond	Caermar	Lougher	Avon, West	Goucestersh	Severn.
Ancholme[C]	Lincolnshire	Humber.	Avon	Monmouthsh	Uske.
Ande	Hants	Avon	Merionethsh	Irish Sea.
Angel	Montgom	Dovey.	Axe	Dorsetshire	British Channel.
Ankham	Lincolnshire	Humber.	Axe	Somersetsh	Severn.
Anker	Leicestersh	Tame.	Ayron	Cardigansh	Irish Sea.
Annisor	Pembrokesh	Irish Sea

[A] AIRE, (The) rises from a small lake on the moors of Yorkshire, north-east from Settle, descending through Aire-dale and Craven in its course to the south-east, which it pursues as far as Leeds, where, turning eastward, and meeting the Calder, it passes under Ferrybridge, flowing through the flattest portion of Yorkshire; and receiving the Don, a little Booth Ferry. north of Snaith, it unites with the Ouse above Booth Ferry, near Howden. This river is of greater extent than the Calder, and much its superior in navigation, being also joined by numerous canals from the west. Its origin is almost mountainous, in the midst of the wildest moors; and Aire-dale retains much of the same characteristic features of that line of country. The district of Craven is singularly romantic, being a rich vale, bounded by high hills, with the town of Skipton in its centre; below which it forms a beautiful valley to Keighley, full of trade and population; Kirkstall Abbey. the Aire passes the picturesque ruin of Kirkstall Abbey, in its way to Leeds, the manufactories and villas of which flourishing place, and its vicinity, encompass its banks; after which it divides one of the richest plains in the kingdom to Ferrybridge, not far from the eminence where the town of Pontefract appears a conspicuous object, with its ruined castle and ancient church. Afterwards the Aire can boast little of beauty, as it advances through a level district to join the Ouse.

[B] ALNE, (The) is a small river which rises on the border of Roxburgshire, but within the limits of Northumberland, and a little north of the source of the Coquet. The great and attractive objects which grace its borders are placed in the far-extended territory of the Duke of Northumberland, Brisley Tower. at the entrance to which the lofty building, called Brisley Tower, thickly environed by plantations, overlooks all the wild country of Northumberland, including the bold range of Cheviot-hills on the north-west, close to the Scottish border. The Alne then enters a charming valley, beneath the ivied walls of Hulne Abbey, winding delightfully between lawns, woods, and groupes of trees and cottages, admirably disposed. From these monastic and rustic recesses, the river emerges into a spacious park, widened considerably by art, and gliding through the arches of a fine Alnwick Castle. Castellan bridge, is proudly overlooked by the numerous towers, and lofty citadel of Alnwick Castle, the superb seat of the Northumberland family.

[C] ANCHOLME. This small river, rising in the wolds of Lincolnshire, not far from Market Raisin, is navigable from Glandford Bridge to the Humber, and in its course intersecting the extensive tract of the Wolds, which stretches out from Lincoln northward to Barton, and forms a ridge across some intermediate valleys, terminates in the fens near Spilsby Louth. Brocklesby Park, in the extensive domains of Lord Yarborough, occupies the centre of this district, on the highest point of which his lordship has built a superb chapel and mausoleum, in a very excellent Grecian taste, adorned with appropriate statues and marbles, from Italy. This building, from its position, commands the whole surrounding country, with the port of Hull, across the Humber; forming also a sea-mark, and an interesting object, admirable for the elegance of its design and execution. Thornton College is a curious remnant of antiquity in this neighbourhood, founded in the reign of King Stephen; great part of which is yet preserved, with some modern additions.

[D] AVON, (The Upper) rising in Northamptonshire, on the borders of Leicestershire, adds great beauty to the delightful territory of Warwick Castle, as it flows beneath the cliff on which those lofty towers projecting Warwick Castle. before the town and church are situated. It then glides through a charming country to Stratford-on-Avon, celebrated as the birth-place of Shakspeare, and where the remains of the immortal bard are deposited. From thence it traverses the great level of Worcestershire by Evesham, having received the lesser Stour at Stratford, and turning to the South at Pershore, meets the Severn at the flourishing town of Tewksbury.

[E] AVON (The Lower) rises in the hilly district of North Wiltshire, bordering on Gloucestershire, not far from Wootton Basset; its source is near that of the great river Thames, and both are said to have their origin from various springs, not accurately defined. Emerging from the hills, it makes a compass to fall into the vale leading from Christian Malford Bath. to Chippenham, advancing through the cloathing district of Wiltshire, bordering upon that of Somersetshire, and for a considerable extent divides those counties. Its course is at first southward, making a long compass by the west towards the north, and then to the west; at last, encircling the city of Bath on two sides, from whence it pursues nearly the same direction, with frequent meanders to Bristol. It then inclines to the north-west, as it conveys the abundant trade of that opulent city to the Severn, by its conflux constituting the Bristol Channel at King's-road.