INDEX.
- Abdomen, [19], [141]
- development of, [213]
- Abdominal appendages, [143]
- development of, [217]
- Abdominal somite, characters of, [142]
- Ætiology, [47]
- AGASSIZ, [308]
- Alimentary canal, [51]
- Ambulatory legs, [168]
- American Crayfishes, [243], [247]
- Amœba, [285]
- Amurland Crayfishes, [304]
- Antenna, [23], [172]
- Antennule, [23], [173]
- Anthrapalæmon, [341]
- Anus, [29]
- Apodeme, [99], [158], [175]
- Appendage, [24], [143], [161], [173]
- Archenteron, [211]
- Arctogæal province, [314]
- Areola, [235]
- ARISTOTLE, referred to, [4]
- Arteries, [71]
- Arteries, development of, [224]
- Arthrobranchia, [75]
- Arthrophragm, [158]
- Arthropoda, [279], [284]
- Articulations, [95]
- Asiatic Crayfishes, [304]
- Astacina, [254]
- Astacoides, [250], [313]
- Astacomorpha, [338]
- Astacopsis, [250], [264]
- Astacus, division into sub-genera, [290]
- Astacus
- angulosus, [302], [310]
- colchicus, [302], [310]
- dauricus, [304], [310]
- fluviatilis,
- anatomy, general account of, [17]–[31]
- attachment of young to mother, [40], [351]
- branchial formula, [266]
- development, [205]–[226]
- distribution, geographical [44], [288], [298]
- distribution, chronological, [44]
- ecdysis, [32], [350]
- general characters, [6]
- growth, [31], [349]
- habits, [8] {364}
- histology, [174]
- mortality, [127]
- muscular system, [90]
- myths concerning, [44]
- name, origin of, [13]
- nervous system, [101]
- newly hatched young, characters of, [219]
- nutrition, [48]
- occurrence, [5], [8]
- organs of
- prehension of food, [49]
- putrid, effect of smell of, [45]
- reproduction of lost limbs, [38]
- reproduction, sexual, [39], [128], [135], [350]
- sexual characters, [7], [20], [32], [145], [241]
- somites and appendages, [143]
- systematic description, [230]
- use as food, [10], [289]
- varieties, [289]
- fontinalis, [290]
- japonicus, [304]
- klamathensis, [305]
- leniusculus, [305]
- leptodactylus, [299], [302], [303], [310], [320]
- nigrescens, [244]
- nobilis, [290], [295], [296], [299], [310]
- oreganus, [305]
- pachypus, [302], [310]
- pallipes, [290]
- politus, [344]
- saxatilis, [290]
- Schrenckii, [304], [310]
- torrentium, [290], [294], [298], [310], [311]
- tristis, [290]
- Trowbridgii, [305]
- Atya, Atyidæ, [331], [336]
- Auditory organ, [116]
- setæ, [116]
- Australian
- Austrocolumbian province, [314]
- Axius, [271]
- Ball, R., quoted, [36]
- Basipodite, [143]
- BELL, T., quoted, [37], [42]
- Bile-duct, [61], [66]
- Biological sciences, scope of, [4]
- Blastoderm, [207]
- Blastomere, [205]
- Blastopore, [209]
- Blood, [31], [68], [176]
- BOBRETSKY, referred to, [356]
- BOLIVAR, Dr., [298]
- Branchiæ,
- Branchial
- Branchiobdella, [356]
- Branchiostegite, [25]
- development of, [217]
- BRAUN, quoted, [352]
- Brazilian Crayfishes, [306]
- Cæcum, [61]
- Calcification of exoskeleton, [197]
- Californian Crayfishes, [243]
- Cambarus, [44], [247], [310], [312]
- Cancer, [272], [283]
- Carapace, [19]
- development of, [214]
- CARBONNIER, M., quoted, [297], [349], [350]
- Cardia, [52]
- Caridina, [330]
- Carpopodite, [165]
- Cell, [66], [199]
- Cell-aggregate, [190], [199]
- Cephalic
- Cephalon, [19], [141]
- Cephalothorax, [19]
- Cervical groove, [19]
- spines, [234]
- CHANTRAN, M., quoted, [348], [350], [351]
- Chelæ, [22]
- Chilian Crayfishes, [308]
- Chitin, [50]
- composition of, [347]
- Chæraps, [250]
- Chorology, [46]
- Circulation, [73]
- organs of, [68]
- Common knowledge and science, [3]
- Connective tissue, [178]
- development of, [224]
- COPE, Prof., quoted, [316]
- Cornea, [118]
- Coxopodite, [143]
- Coxopoditic setæ, [78]
- Crab, see Cancer
- Crab’s-eye, see Gastrolith
- Crangon, [272]
- Crayfish,
- origin of name, [12]
- common, see Astacus fluviatilis
- Crayfishes,
- Amurland, [304]
- Asiatic, [304]
- Australian, [306]
- Brazilian, [306]
- Californian, [243]
- Chilian, [308]
- definition of, [254]
- Eastern North American, [247], [305]
- European, [288], [297]
- evolution of, [331]
- Figian, [306], [313]
- Japanese, [304], [313]
- Mascarene, [308], [313]
- northern and southern, compared, [252]
- Novozelanian, [306], [313]
- southern, [249]
- Tasmanian, [306]
- Western North American, [305], [313]
- Crustacea, [271], [278]
- Crystalline cones, [121]
- Cuticle, [33], [50], [175], [192]
- Cyclas, [356]
- Dactylopodite, [165]
- Daphnia, asexual reproduction of, [128]
- DARWIN, C., referred to, [4]
- DE HAAN, quoted, [313]
- Development, [205]
- abdomen, [213]
- abdominal appendages, [217]
- alimentary canal, [213], [222]
- antennæ, [214], [218]
- antennules, [214], [218]
- blood and blood vessels, [224]
- branchiostegite, [217]
- carapace, [214]
- cephalic appendages, [217], [219]
- connective tissue, [224]
- ear, [225]
- eye, [225]
- eyestalk, [214], [218]
- gills, [224]
- heart, [224]
- kidney, [224]
- labrum, [218]
- mandibles, [214]
- muscles, [224]
- nervous system, [213], [224]
- reproductive organs, [225]
- rostrum, [217]
- thoracic appendages, [217], [219]
- Digestion, [63]
- Distribution, [46]
- DORMER, quoted, [356]
- DULK, quoted, [349]
- Ear, [116]
- development of, [225]
- Ecdysis, [32], [350]
- Écrevisse
- Ectoderm, [141]
- Ectostracum, [194]
- Edelkrebs, [290]
- Endoderm, [141]
- Endophragmal system, [157]
- Endopleurite, [158]
- Endopodite, [145]
- Endoskeleton, [17]
- Endosternite, [158]
- Endostracum, [194]
- Engæus, [250], [306]
- Enoplocytia, [342]
- Epiblast, [211]
- Epidermis, [140]
- Epimeron, [143]
- Epiostracum, [192]
- Epipodite, [167] {367}
- Epistoma, [155]
- Epithelium, [140], [177]
- Equus excelsus, occurring with fossil crayfishes, [316]
- Eryma, [341]
- Evolution of crayfishes, [331]
- Excretion, organs of, [82]
- Exopodite, [145]
- Exoskeleton, [17]
- chemical composition, [347]
- Eye, [118]
- Eye-stalk, [24], [173]
- development of, [214]
- Family, [252]
- Fat-cells, [180]
- Fibre, muscular, [185]
- Fibril, muscular, [185]
- Figian Crayfishes, [306]
- Filament, muscular, [185]
- Filter of stomach, [58]
- Flagellum, [167]
- Food-yelk, [206]
- Foot-jaws, see maxillipedes
- Forceps, [22]
- Foregut, [61]
- Fossil crayfishes, [316]
- FOSTER, Dr. M., referred to, [110]
- France, consumption of crayfish in, [10]
- Function, [22]
- Galaxidæ, [315]
- Gammarus, [323]
- Ganglion, [103], [105]
- Ganglionic corpuscle, [87], [103]
- Gastric mill, [53]
- Gastrolith, [29], [347]
- chemical composition, [349]
- Gastrula, [211]
- GAY, quoted, [356]
- Genus, [249]
- Geographical distribution, see Distribution
- GERBE, M., quoted, [350]
- Germinal
- GERSTFELDT, Dr., quoted, [290]
- Gills, see Branchiæ
- GIRARD, quoted, [356]
- GORUP-BESANEZ, quoted, [353]
- Green-gland, [83], [353]
- development of, [224]
- GROBBEN, Dr., quoted, [354]
- Growth of crayfish, [31], [349]
- Guanin, [82], [353]
- Gullet, see Œsophagus
- GÜNTHER, Dr., quoted, [315]
- HAGEN, Dr., quoted, [305], [312]
- Haplochitonidæ, [315]
- HARVEY, quoted, [5]
- Head, see Cephalon
- Hearing, organ of, [116]
- Heart, [27], [71]
- development of, [224]
- HELLER, Dr., quoted, [298], [330]
- Hepatic duct, see Bile duct
- Hind gut, [61]
- Histology, [176]
- Histriobdella, [356]
- Homaridæ, [263] {368}
- Homarina, [261]
- Homarus, [13], [42], [257], [332]
- Homology, homologous, homologue, [148]
- Hoploparia, [342]
- Hypoblast, [211]
- Idothea, [323], [334]
- Impregnation, [135], [350]
- Integument, [50]
- Interseptal zone, [183]
- Intestine, [29], [61]
- Ischiopodite, [165]
- Japanese Crayfishes, [313], [314]
- Jaws, [23]
- JOHNSTON, J., quoted, [42]
- KESSLER, quoted, [298], [304]
- Kidney, see Green gland
- KLUNZINGER, referred to, [330]
- Labrum, [51]
- development of, [218]
- LAMARCK, referred to, [4]
- LEREBOULLET, quoted, [353]
- Legs, ambulatory, [168]
- LEMOINE, referred to, [353]
- LEYDIG, referred to, [115], [353]
- Liver, [30], [64]
- Lobster,
- common, see Homarus
- Norway, see Nephrops
- Rock, see Palinurus
- LOVÈN, referred to, [327]
- Machine, living, [128]
- McIntosh, Dr. W. C., quoted, [288]
- Mandible, [23], [51], [170]
- development of, [214]
- MARTENS, VON, [306]
- Mastodon mirificus, occurring with fossil crayfishes, [316]
- Maxillæ, [23], [170]
- Maxillipedes, [23], [164]
- Medullary groove, [213]
- Megalopa stage of development, [283]
- Meropodite, [165]
- Mesoblast, [212]
- Mesoderm, [141]
- Mesophragm, [158]
- Metamere, [143]
- Metastoma, [51]
- Metope, [278]
- Midgut, [61]
- MILNE-EDWARDS, quoted, [13], [289]
- Mollusca, [284]
- Morphology, [46], [138]
- comparative, [230]
- Mortality of crayfishes, [128]
- Morula, [206]
- Mosaic vision, [122], [354]
- Motor plates, [189]
- Mouth, [51]
- MÜLLER, JOHANNES, referred to, [122]
- Muscle, [57], [90], [175], [181]
- Muscles
- Myosin, [186]
- Myotome, [174]
- Mysis, [281], [323]
- relicta, origin of, from M. oculata, [327]
- Mysis stage of development, [280]
- Natural
- Nauplius stage of development, [215], [280]
- Nearctic province, [314]
- Nephrops, [259], [332]
- Nerve, [101]
- Nerve-cells, [103], [187]
- Nervous system, [105]
- Noble crayfish, see Astacus nobilis
- Nomenclature, binomial, [13], [15]
- Norway lobster, see Nephrops
- Novozelanian province, [314]
- Nucleated cell, [199]
- Nucleolus, [187]
- Nucleus, [177], [200]
- changes of, in cell-division, [200]
- Œsophagus, [51]
- Olfactory organ, [114]
- Organ, [22]
- Origin of crayfish, evidence as to, [320], [331]
- Ovary, [31], [129]
- structure of, [131]
- Oviduct, [129]
- Oviposition, [351]
- Ovisac, [132]
- Ovum, [129]
- structure of, [133]
- Palæarctic province, [314]
- Palæmon, [268], [328]
- Palinuridæ, [263]
- Palinurus, [261], [264]
- Palp, [171]
- Paranephrops, [250], [306], [313]
- Paraphragm, [158]
- Parasites of crayfish, [356]
- Parastacidæ, [252], [256], [306], [313]
- Parastacus, [250], [306]
- Pemphix, [341]
- Penæus, [267], [280]
- Pericardium, [69]
- Perivisceral cavity, [50]
- Phyllobranchia, [271]
- Physiology, [46]
- Pleurobranchia, [79]
- Pleuron, [96], [143]
- Podobranchia, [75], [165]
- Podophthalmia, [279]
- Pore-canals, [195]
- Post-orbital
- Potamobiidæ, [252], [256]
- Prawn, see Palæmon
- Prehension of food, [49]
- Procephalic lobes, [160]
- development of, [213]
- Propodite, [165]
- Protopodite, [143]
- Prototroctes, [315] {370}
- Protozoa, [285]
- Pseudastacus, [343]
- Pylorus, [52]
- Race, [292]
- RATHKE, quoted, [356]
- RÉAUMUR, quoted, [33]
- Reflex action, [108]
- REICHENBACH, quoted, [356]
- Renal organ, see Green-gland
- Reproduction
- Reproductive organs, [128]
- development of, [225]
- Respiration, anal, [353]
- Respiratory organs, see Branchiæ
- Retropinna, [315]
- ROBIN, quoted, [352]
- Rock lobster, see Palinurus
- ROESEL VON ROSENHOF, quoted, [41], [43]
- RONDOLETIUS, referred to, [4]
- Rostrum, [157]
- development of, [217]
- Salivary glands, [352]
- Salmonidæ, parallel between their distribution, and that of Astacidæ, [315]
- Sarcolemma, [90], [182]
- SARS, G. O., referred to, [327]
- SARTORIUS VON WALTERHAUSEN, quoted, [322]
- Scaphognathite, [80], [170]
- Schizopod stage of development, [280]
- SCHLÜTER, [317]
- SCHMIDT, O., quoted, [354]
- SCHRANK, [290]
- Science, physical, [3]
- Science and common sense, [1]
- Segmentation, [174]
- Self-causation, [112]
- Sensory organs, [113]
- Septal
- Setæ, [197]
- Shrimp, see Crangon
- SIEBOLD, VON, referred to, [331]
- Sight, organ of, [118]
- Sinus, sternal, [69]
- Smell, organ of, [114]
- Somite, [143], [161], [355]
- SOUBEIRAN, M., quoted, [349]
- Southern Crayfishes, [249]
- Species, [243], [290]
- Spermatozoa, [129], [135], [354]
- Spontaneous action, [112]
- Squame of antenna, [172]
- Steinkrebs, see Astacus torrentium
- Sternum, [96], [143]
- Stomach, [29], [51]
- Stone-crayfish, see Astacus torrentium
- Striated spindle, [121]
- Swimmeret, [20]
- Taste, organ of, [115]
- Teleology, [47], [137]
- Tendon, [92], [175] {371}
- Tergum, [96], [143]
- Terminal plates, [189]
- Terminology, scientific, [14]
- Testis, [129]
- structure of, [133]
- Thoracic appendages, [164]
- Thorax, [19], [141]
- Tissue, [175]
- Touch, organ of, [113]
- Transformism, [318]
- TREVIRANUS, referred to, [4]
- Tribe, [252]
- Trichobranchiæ, [263]
- Troglocaris, [337]
- Valves
- VAN HELMONT, quoted, [45]
- Variety, [290], [292]
- Vas deferens, [130]
- Vent, see Anus
- Vertebrata, [284]
- Visual
- Vitelline membrane, [133]
- Vitellus, [133]
- Voluntary action, [112]
- VON DER MARCK, [317]
- WARD, J., referred to, [354]
- WASSILIEW, quoted, [353]
- Whirlpool of life, [84]
- WILL, quoted, [353]
- WOOD-MASON, quoted, [44]
- Yelk, [133]
- Yelk-division, [205]
- Young of Astacus, newly hatched, characters of, [219]
- Zoæa stage of development, [280]
PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BECCLES.
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
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