INDEX

Acclimatization, [319].
Acorn, [24].
Acracids, [160].
Adaptation, definition of, [1].
Adjustments, individual, [12].
Agassiz, [1], [44], [61].
Agelæus, [173].
Alcohol, [13].
Algæ, red, [9].
Alkaloids, [13].
Allen, [173], [307]-[310].
Allolobophora, [380].
Alpheus, [344].
Ammophila, [5].
Ammotragus, [208].
Ampelopsis, [403].
Amphimixis, [448]-[449].
Amphioxus, [399].
Ancon race, [315]-[316].
Angiostomum, [422].
Anguillidæ, [320].
Annelids, [19], [20].
Anolis, [10], [194].
Ant-eater, [227], [228].
Antelope, [6], [206], [208].
Antitoxin, [14].
Ants, [141]-[146], [354], [386], [407].
Aphids, [384]-[386], [419], [426].
Apus, [418].
Archæopteryx, [41], [42], [53], [54].
Ardea, [200].
Argus pheasant, [199].
Aristolochia Clematitis, [10], [11], [12].
Arsenic, [13].
Artemia, [306].
Ascidians, [417].
Askenasy, [161].
Aspalax, [227].
Asterina, [421]-[422].
Autenrieth, [58].
Baboon, [209].
Bacteria, [14], [15], [111], [398].
Baer, Von, [60], [61], [74], [75].
Bamboo, [313].
Barnacles, [417].
Bartlett, [209], [220].
Bat, [2].
Bates, [183], [186].
Bateson, [273], [278], [453].
Beard, [210], [211], [216].
Beard, J., [435].
Bee, [2], [3], [19], [143], [179], [303], [350], [406], [420], [421], [425], [438].
Beethoven, [218].
Beetles, [182], [183], [189].
Bell-bird, [198].
Beneden, Van, [441].
Berbura goat, [208].
Biogenetic Law, [71].
Birds, [6], [407];
- definition of group, [36];
- evolution of, [41];
- instincts of young, [4];
- nest, [4];
- of paradise, [6];
- teeth of, [301];
- variation in, [309]-[312].
Blind animals, [354].
Blow-fly, [383].
Bonellia, [353], [417].
Born, [424].
Bos, [206].
Boveri, [433].
Bovidæ, [207].
Branchipus, [306].
Brocadello, [428].
Brooks, [441].
Brown-Séquard, [232], [241], [250]-[257].
Buffon, [300].
Bull, [207], [315].
Bütschli, [441].
Butterfly, [3], [184], [389].
Cactus, [10].
Caffein, [13].
California salmon, [19].
Calkins, [443]-[447].
Callionymus, [191].
Calocalanus, [177].
Cameron, [425].
Canestrini, [178].
Canidæ, [308].
Canis, [410].
Carbonnier, [190], [192].
Cardamine, [335].
Cardinalis, [173].
Cardium, [305].
Cassowary, [202].
Castle, [148], [321], [435], [438].
Caterpillar, [5], [8], [186].
Cattle, [411].
Cats, [209].
Cercopithecus, [208].
Cervus, [304].
Chara, [420].
Charrin, [257].
Chick, [57], [406].
Child, [72].
Chinese pheasants, [6].
Chlorophyl, [9].
Cicadas, [187], [188].
Ciona, [148].
Classification, [31]-[36].
Classification, scheme of, [38].
Cockatoo, [6].
Colaptes, [310].
Colias, [185].
Colonial forms, [127].
Color, [18], [19], [24], [133], [375].
Coloration, [5], [6], [7], [23], [357]-[360].
Columba livia, [76].
Comb of bees, [4].
Communal marriages, [210].
Competition, [104], [112], [119], [120], [121], [122], [123].
Compositæ, [130].
Cones, [310].
Conklin, [72].
Cope, [49], [259].
Copridæ, [183].
Coral-snakes, [194].
Correlated variation, [94].
Correlation, [134].
Cottus, [191].
Crab, [15], [248], [344], [354].
Crickets, [188].
Crocodiles, [193].
Crosby, [398].
Cross-fertilization, [21].
Crossing of species, [148], [149], [150].
Crystal, [29].
Cryptocerus, [144].
Ctenophors, [417].
Cuckoo, [139], [140], [141].
Cuénot, [427]-[428], [435].
Culicidæ, [188].
Cunningham, [257]-[260].
Cuvier, [44], [301].
Cynocephalus, [209].
Cypridopsis, [392]-[393].
Cyprinodonts, [190].
Cypris, [320].
Dall, [260].
Dallinger, [320].
Danaids, [160].
Dances, [195].
Daphnia, [305], [418].
Darwin, C., numerous references throughout the text.
Darwin, Erasmus, [223].
Date-palm, [313].
Davenport, [264], [266], [321].
Dean, [358].
Death, [370].
Death, feigning, [410], [411].
Deer, [309].
Degeneration, [165].
Delamare, [257].
Descent theory, [31]-[35].
Desmarest, [206].
Desmodium, [403].
Dianthus, [149].
Didelphys, [410].
Dimorphism, [360].
Dingoes, [314].
Dinophilus, [428].
Diptera, [180], [188].
Divergence of character, [127], [128].
Dog, [226].
Draba, [288], [289], [290], [292], [294].
Draco, [194].
Dragonet, [191].
Drill, [209].
Ducks, [94], [314].
Düsing, [423].
Dutrochet, [320].
Earthworm, [380], [382], [383], [384], [417].
Echidna, [54].
Eciton, [144].
Egerton, [204].
Egg, [429]-[430], [432].
Eggs, number of, [19].
Egypt, animals of, [225].
Egyptian remains of animals, [43], [44].
Eimer, [158], [260].
Eisig, [72].
Electric organs, [22], [132], [372].
Elephant, [110]-[111], [206], [304].
Emu, [202].
Entoscolax, [353].
Epihippus, [50].
Equus, [50].
Eristales, [188].
Esmeralda, [182].
Euploids, [160].
Eustephanus, [201].
Evolution, [29].
Ewart, [238].
Exercise, [12].
External conditions, [130].
Eye, [13], [131], [132].
Eye, evolution of, [131], [132].
Eye, of flatfish, [137].
Fayal Islands, [124].
Felidæ, [308].
Felis, [308].
Fish, change of color, [16].
Fishes, [7].
Fishes, secondary sexual character of, [190].
Flatfish, [137], [138].
Flatworms, [417].
Fleischmann, [45]-[57].
Flounders, [228], [346], [347].
Flowers, [9], [17], [21], [342], [399], [422], [429].
Fly, [428].
Foot of horse, [47].
Forel, [5].
Fossil horses, [52].
Foxes, [210], [410].
Franqueiros cattle, [315].
Frogs, [193], [320], [382], [405].
Frogs, cross-fertilization, [150].
Fruit, down of, [133].
Fundulus, [16].
Galton, [236], [270]-[272], [289], [441].
Gavials, [301].
Geddes and Thompson, [417], [423], [426], [427].
Geer, De, [178].
Gegenbaur, [49].
Gelasimus, [177].
Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, [44], [67], [300]-[303].
Geological evidence, [39].
Gerbe, [429].
Germinal selection, [154].
Gibbon, [213].
Gill-clefts, [62], [63], [64], [73].
Giraffe, [6], [203], [229], [248]-[249].
Glacier, [28].
Glowworm, [23].
Goat, [206], [208].
Gonionema, [399].
Gorilla, [205].
Gothic period, [47], [48].
Gould, [197].
Graba, [124], [125].
Grafting, [153].
Grasshoppers, [8], [188].
Gray, [126].
Greyhound, [134].
Growth of plants, [17].
Guillemots, [124].
Guinea-pigs, [232].
Günther, [190].
Gymnotus, [132].
Haeckel, [48], [49], [56], [70], [71], [79], [80], [82].
Hartman, [187].
Heart, [66], [67].
Heliconids, [160].
Helix, [344], [345]-[346].
Hemiptera, [181].
Heredity, [270].
Hermaphroditic animals, [126].
Hertwig, O., [78], [79], [80], [81], [82], [83].
Hertwig, R., [447].
Hieracium, [330], [331].
Hildebrand, [148].
Hill, [252].
Hipparion, [51].
Hippeastrum, [148].
His, [71], [72].
Holmes, [72].
Hornbills, [219].
Horns, [229].
Horse, [42], [224].
Horse-chestnut, [24].
Hothura, [410].
Hottentots, [212].
Hudson, [140], [195], [409]-[412].
Humming-birds, [6], [197], [228].
Hurst, [75], [76], [77], [78].
Huxley, [49], [156], [233].
Hyatt, [259].
Hybrids, [149], [239].
Hydatina, [417].
Hydroides, [348].
Hylobates, [205].
Hymenoptera, [181].
Ice, [28].
Ichneumonidæ, [181].
Idioplasm, [335].
Immunity, [13].
India cattle, [208].
Infanticide, [25].
Inorganic adaptations, [26].
Insectivorous plants, [10].
Insects, coloration of, [7];
- wingless, [228].
Instinct, [25], [139], [140], [141].
Irish elk, [247].
Jackson, [260].
Jaguar, [209].
Japanese cock, [163].
Jennings, [395].
Jonghe, [314].
Jordan, [292].
Joseph, [428].
Junco, [311].
Kallima, [7], [161], [162], [358].
Kangaroo, [229], [351].
Katydid, [8].
Kent, W. Saville, [191].
Kidneys, [66].
Kielmeyer, [58].
Kirby, [232].
Kiwi, [354].
Kölreuter, [149].
Korschelt, [428].
Labidocera, [393].
Lamarck, [146], [222]-[233].
Lamarckian factor, [94], [205], [211], [222], [458].
Lang, [345].
Law of Biogenesis, [30].
Leaf, resemblance to, [7].
Leaves, closing of, [11].
Leeches, [417].
Leguminosæ, [124].
Leidy, [46].
Length of life, [20].
Lenhossek, [435].
Leopard, [209].
Lepidoptera, [172].
Leptothrix, [320].
Leucophys, [442].
Lichen, [9].
Lillie, [72].
Limbs of vertebrates, [46].
Linaria, [401].
Linnæan species, [83].
Linnæus, [191].
Lion, [6].
Lizards, [7], [16], [17], [193].
Lobelia, [148].
Lobster, [343].
Lockwood, [138].
Locusts, [188].
Loeb, [383]-[392], [447].
Lomaria, [290].
Lowell lectures, [61].
Lumbriculus, [15].
Luminous organs, [133].
Lymnæa, [305], [322].
Lythrum, [363]-[370].
Machines, [26], [27], [28].
McIntosh, [176].
McNeill, [204].
Macropus, [192].
Malva, [401].
Mammalia, origin, [54], [202].
Man, [210].
Marsh, [49].
Matthews, [447].
Mauchamp, [315].
Maupas, [441], [442], [445].
May-flies, [19], [353], [389].
Mead, [72].
Meckel, [59], [60].
Melanism, [209].
Melospiza, [311].
Mendel, [278]-[286], [433], [436].
Mesohippus, [51].
Mimosa, [404].
Minnow, [16].
Minot, [433].
Mirabilis, [149], [150].
Mivart, [136], [137].
Mole, [1], [2], [18], [227].
Mole-cricket, [1], [2].
Molothrus, [140].
Monkeys, [207], [208].
Mons, Van, [332].
Montgomery, [432].
Moor-hen, [453].
Moquin-Tandon, [303].
Morton, Lord, [238].
Moschus, [206].
Moths, [184], [387], [388].
Moussu, [257].
Mozart, [218].
Mulberry, [313].
Müller, [182], [188].
Müller, Fritz, [148].
Muscles, [12].
Mycetes, [205].
Myzostomum, [422].
Nägeli, [161], [325]-[339], [459].
Natural selection, [104]-[107], [108], [109], [110], etc.;
- definition of, [117].
Nauplius, [69].
Nectar, [124].
Nectar-feeding insects, [126], [127].
Nectarines, [134].
Negroes, [212].
Nematode, number of eggs, [110].
Nematus, [425].
Nemertian worms, [176].
Neo-Lamarckians, [240], [259]-[260].
Nepenthes, [10].
Nephela, [178].
Nest of birds, [4], [407]-[408].
Neuters, [142].
Nicotine, [13].
Nostocs, [320].
Notochord, [64], [65].
Nussbaum, [424].
Ocneria, [428].
Œnothera, [294]-[297].
Oken, [56], [58].
Old age, [21], [25].
Onites, [232].
Onychodromus, [442].
Opossum, [410].
Organs of little use, [22].
“Origin of Species,” [129].
Ornithorynchus, [54].
Orobanchia, [330].
Osborn, [259].
Oscillaria, [320].
Ostrich, [203], [354].
Oxalis, [290], [404].
Oxen, [304].
Oxide, [29].
Packard, [231], [260].
Paludina, [320], [322].
Pangenesis, [233]-[240].
Papilio, [158], [360], [388];
- polyxenes, [3].
Paradisea, [197].
Paramæcium, [395]-[398], [442]-[447].
Parasitism, [352]-[353].
Parker, [393].
Parrots, [6].
Partridge, [410].
Passerella, [311].
Passiflora, [148].
Pavo, [317].
Peach, [134].
Peacock, [200], [317]-[318].
Peafowl, [198].
Pearson, [265], [267], [268]-[270].
Peas, [281]-[286].
Peckham, [178], [408].
Pelobates, [421].
Pflüger, [424], [430].
Phosphorescent organs, [22], [133].
Physa, [320], [322].
Pigeons, selection in, [102].
Pipilo, [311].
Pisum, [278].
Pithecia, [208].
Planaria, [380].
Planarians, [394].
Plants, [403], [415];
- color of, [24];
- influence of light, [17].
Plato, [304].
Plover, [202].
Poisons, [13], [14], [15], [18], [20], [377].
Polar bear, [6].
Pollen, [2], [125].
Polygon, [262].
Porthesia, [389].
Primula, [361]-[365].
Prionidæ, [182].
Probosces of insects, [127].
Protective coloration, [5], [6], [16], [158], [159].
Proteus, [227].
Protohippus, [51].
Przibram, [347].
Psyche, [419].
Ptarmigan, [5].
Pyrodes, [182].
Quetelet, [289].
Quiscalus, major, [173].
Rabbit, Porto Santo, [316]-[317].
Rabbits, [304].
Rabbits in Australia, [112].
Race-horse, [134].
Ranunculus, [305].
Ray-florets, [135].
Rays, electric organs of, [22].
Réaumur, [388].
Recapitulation theory, [58]-[83].
Reduction division, [432]-[433].
Regeneration, [15], [16], [27], [379].
Regulations, [27], [28].
Reproductive organs, [19].
Reptiles, fossil, [52], [53].
Rengger, [205].
Rhododendron, [330].
Rhynchæa, [201].
Riley, [424].
Rivers, [28].
Robinia, [404].
Romanes, [132], [250]-[256], [412].
Rose, [307].
Rothert, [398].
Rotifers, [118], [353], [424].
Roulin, [304].
Roundworms, [176], [353].
Rudimentary organs, [22].
Ryder, [260].
Sacculina, [353].
Sachs, [10].
Salmon, [19].
Salter, [314].
Salvin, [201].
Saphirina, [176].
Savages, [210].
Saw-flies, [425].
Scarlet tanager, [198].
Schaefer, [244].
Sclater, [198].
Scops, [312].
Scott, [148], [259].
Sea-anemone, [341].
Sea-urchin, [341].
Secondary sexual characters, [21].
Selection, [116].
Selection, artificial, [91], [92], [96], [97], [98].
Self-fertilization, [126].
Semper, [260].
Setchel, [320].
Sexual characters, secondary, [372]-[374].
Sexual selection, [167].
Sharp, [350], [425].
Sheep, [208].
Sherrington, [244].
Shrew mice, [206].
Silkworm, [428], [447].
Silver-bill, [410].
Sirex, [181].
Siricidæ, [181].
Sitaria, [194].
Skin, thickening of, [12], [13].
Skull, [37], [65].
Skunk, [3].
Slaves of ants, [141].
Sleep in plants, [404].
Sloth, [229].
Snail, [417].
Snails, color of, [23].
Snakes, [14], [193]-[194], [227].
Snowy owl, [6].
Solenobia, [419].
Soles, [137], [228].
Sparassus, [178].
Sparrow, [200];
- English, [112].
Species, [31], [32], [33];
- adaptation for good of, [19];
- sharp separation of, [131].
Spencer, [240]-[246], [247], [290].
Spermatozoa, [150], [430]-[433].
Sphinx, [186], [388].
Spiders, [177]-[178], [179], [406];
- web, [3].
Spirogyra, [420].
Spontaneous variability, [134].
Spores, [322].
Squilla, [177].
Squirrels, [210].
Stag-beetle, [179].
Stags, [203]-[204], [219].
Sterility, [147]-[152].
Strasburger, [395].
Stridulating organs, [188], [189].
Struggle for existence, [109], [110].
Stylonychia, [442].
Survival of the fittest, [107], [108], [109], [117].
Sutton, [432].
Swallow, [115].
Sweating, [12].
Tadpole, [321], [428].
Tail, [2].
Tanager, [6].
Tapeworm, [353];
- number of eggs, [110].
Taraxacum, [305].
Tear-sacs, [206].
Teeth, bird’s, [67], [68].
Telegony, [95], [234], [237], [238], [239].
Tenthredinidæ, [181], [425].
Termite, number of eggs, [110].
Termitidæ, [350].
Thrush, [115].
Tipulæ, [188].
Toad, [7].
Torpedo, [132].
Towle, [392].
Transitional forms, [42].
Transmutation theory, [31], [34].
Traquair, [138].
Treadwell, [72].
Treat, [424].
Tree-frogs, [7].
Trichina, [353].
Trifolium, [404].
Triton, [193].
Turkeys, [314].
Turnix, [201], [202].
Turtles, [193].
Umbelliferæ, [135].
Uria lacrymans, [124].
Utricularia, [10],
Vanessa, [360].
Variability, [92], [93], [95], [96], [318]-[319].
Variation, [261], [340].
Variation, fluctuating, [100], [118], [123].
Variation under domestication, [136].
Varieties, [106], [107], [148].
Varigny, De, [303]-[306], [314]-[315], [322].
Venus fly-trap, [9].
Verbascum, [148], [149].
Vertebrates, evolution of, [40], [45].
Vilmorin, [303], [314].
Vinson, [178].
Vries, De, [97], [278], [289]-[298], [340].
Vulpine, [209].
Wallace, [7], [162], [186], [202], [221], [249].
Walrus, [203].
Walsh, [181].
Walther, [59].
Wasp, [3], [5], [408], [409].
Waterton, [198].
Web, spider’s, [3], [4].
Weir, [171].
Weismann, [154]-[166], [441], [448]-[450].
Westwood, [188].
Whale, [227], [301].
Wilson, E. B., [72].
Wing of bat, [2].
Wolf, [308], [376].
Wolves, [412].
Women, [210].
Woodpecker, [228].
Wounds, healing of, [15].
Yarrell, [138].
Yung, [424], [436].
Zebu cattle, [208].
Zeleny, [348].
Zoea, [69], [70].

Transcriber’s Notes:
- Missing or obscured punctuation was silently corrected.
- Typographical errors were silently corrected.
- Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation were made consistent only when a predominant form was found in this book.
- The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.