Mother's Remedies / Over One Thousand Tried and Tested Remedies from Mothers of the United States and Canada

by Thomas Jefferson Ritter

JAMS AND JELLIES.

1. Crab Apple Jelly.—Select nice ripe apples, wash and cut out any imperfections; place on the stove and cover with water, cook slowly until soft enough to strain, then take them off and drain through a jelly bag. To every four pints of juice use three pints of sugar; heat the sugar very warm in the oven. Boil the juice fourteen minutes, stir in warm sugar, and boil altogether three to five minutes, then turn into moulds or jelly glasses.

2. Apple Jelly.—After you have selected nice tart, juicy apples of good flavor, pare them, core and quarter, then put them with the skins and cores, in a jar in a slow oven. When they are quite soft, strain all through a coarse muslin bag, pressing hard to extract all the flavor of the fruit. Put a pound of loaf sugar to every pint of juice and the juice of one lemon, and put the liquor over the fire in a preserving kettle. Boil steadily for twenty minutes or so, skimming occasionally. Boil the jelly glasses in hot water and fill them with the jelly while hot. This jelly will keep for an unlimited time if kept in a cool, dry place.

3. Currant Jelly.—The currants should be washed very thoroughly, but do not stem; put in a kettle, scald them but do not cook. Cool and strain; boil the juice alone for twenty minutes. Weigh the sugar, and to a pint of juice use a pound of sugar. Have the sugar in the oven browning lightly and heating thoroughly. When the juice has boiled twenty minutes stir in the sugar until it dissolves; then put into glasses and keep in a cool place.

4. Blackberry Jelly.—Cook the berries until tender, then strain the juice from them. Add an equal quantity of sugar. Boil hard for twenty minutes, then pour into moulds or jelly glasses.

5. Cranberry Jelly.—Take two pounds of sugar, granulated, one quart of water and three quarts of cranberries. Cook thoroughly, mashing all the berries fine, then put all through a fine sieve. Return the juice to the stove and cook fifteen minutes more; pour into glasses and seal when cool.

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6. Grape Jelly.—Select grapes that are partially ripe, as they make the prettiest jelly, and to every eight pounds of fruit take a large cupful of water; put them into a porcelain-lined kettle and boil until quite soft; strain through a cloth. Measure the juice, then measure and put away the same quantity of sugar. Let the juice boil half an hour, then add the sugar and let it boil five or ten minutes longer. All jellies to be good, should have nearly all the boiling done before the sugar is added.

7. Rhubarb and Apple Jelly.—Cut up your rhubarb and wash it; put on the fire without any water at all. Take good sour apples, pare and quarter and cook in a very little water. Strain the juice from both and put them on the stove to cook for fifteen minutes. Then add the heated sugar, using three-fourths as much sugar as juice. Boil hard for twenty minutes, turn into glasses and set in the sun, if possible, for half a day. Seal the next day.

8. Spiced Grape Jelly.—Take grapes half ripe, crush all the juice out well and strain. Take equal quantities of juice and sugar; to each quart of juice add one-half teaspoonful of cloves and one tablespoonful cinnamon. Cook very hard for twenty minutes, then remove from the stove and pour into glasses.

9. Rhubarb Jelly.—After the rhubarb has been thoroughly washed and cut up in small pieces, stew until tender in a preserving kettle. Strain through a jelly rag and flavor with extract of lemon. Put in enough to suit the taste. To each pint of juice add a pound of sugar; boil until it jellies on the skimmer, then remove and place in glasses. Keep in a cool place.

10. Orange Marmalade.—Cut the oranges in half; remove the pulp with a spoon, take one lemon to five oranges, preparing the same way. Then cut the shells of the oranges in two, scrape out the white lining and put the skins on to boil; weigh the pulp, take half as much sugar, and simmer together fifteen minutes. When the skins are transparent and tender, take up, putting several pieces together, cut it quickly into the narrowest possible strips. Mix these with pulp and sugar; cook until very thick. Put in glasses and then when cold, seal.

11. Blackberry Jam.—Take two quarts of blackberries, one quart fine cooked apples, two quarts of sugar, boil these all together for twenty minutes. This is very easily made and is very good.

12. Plum and Apple Jam.—After canning plums, there is often some left, not enough to fill a can; a very nice jam can be made of this by putting it through a sieve; and adding the same quantity of good apples, cooked. Sweeten to taste and put in a very little cinnamon and cloves. Cook an hour, then tie up in jars when cold.

13. Tomato Marmalade.—Pare and slice without wetting four pounds of unripe tomatoes, Give them a slow boil for several hours until a large portion of the water has evaporated; add for each pound of tomatoes three-quarters of a pound of sugar and two sliced lemons. Boil for one hour longer.

[CANNING, PICKLING AND PRESERVING 847]

14. Raspberry Jams.—To three or four pounds of ripe red raspberries add an equal quantity of white sugar. Crush the whole well in a preserving kettle; add one pint of currant juice and boil gently until it jellies upon a cold plate; put into a small jar and cover with brandied paper. Tie over them a thick paper and keep in a dark, cool, dry place.

15. Strawberry Jam, with Red Currants.—Take four pounds of strawberries, one pint of red currant juice, and two pounds of sugar. Place in a porcelain kettle and boil the berries and currant juice first, then add the sugar and boil up again, skimming well. Put in jars, cover with paraffin and keep in a cool place.

16. Peach Jelly.—Cook peaches and add a few kernels; when done strain. To one pint of peach liquor add one lemon and one pound of sugar. Dry and heat the sugar in a separate pan and let the peach liquor boil twenty minutes. Then add the sugar and boil a few minutes longer. This is very nice.

17. Gooseberry Jam.—To one pound of pulped fruit, add three-fourths pound of sugar. Stew the berries in a little water, press through a coarse sieve or colander. Then place on the stove again and add sugar. Boil three-quarters of an hour, stirring constantly. Pour in jars or jelly glasses.

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CANDY MAKING

CONFECTIONERS' AND COMMON CANDY.

From the Following Recipes and Formulae, Hundreds and
Even Thousands of Candies Can Be Made.

Candy Making at Home.—The proverbial "sweet-tooth" is a characteristic of the American people. Hundreds of tons of candy are annually consumed, and fortunes have been made in the business. The range of price is from ten cents to a dollar a pound, with some specially wrapped and boxed bon-bons exceeding the latter price, not because of intrinsic excellence, but because of the ornamental form in which they are presented. Cheap candies are adulterated and hence more or less detrimental to health. Good candies are not harmful, unless eaten to excess. Delicious candy may be made at home at much less cost, and some famous candies, like the "Mary Elizabeth" and others, had their beginnings in a home kitchen and grew into popular favor because of their known purity and uniform excellence. The cost of ten one-pound boxes of candies is estimated at $1.50 when materials are bought in small quantities; such candies, placed on sale at church fairs, bazars, etc., are sold at forty and fifty cents per box. Even at twenty-five cents a box there is a profit of ten cents on each box. Any girl can prepare bon-bons for a luncheon or a party at home, if she is willing to take the trouble,—which is, after all, a pleasure to many. She may save her own candy boxes and by getting a supply of paraffin paper, fill them again with candies quite as good as those they originally contained; or buy new boxes of the paper box manufacturers at two or three cents apiece. A box of home-made candy makes a nice Christmas or birthday gift.

Boiling the Sugar.—Confectioners recognize seven degrees in boiling sugar for candy, only four of which, however, are practically important. The first of these is the "thread" at about 215 degrees, by the sugar thermometer, when a short thin thread forms when thumb and forefinger are separated with a drop of syrup between them. This passes very quickly into a second stage, known as the large or long thread, when it can be drawn out to a considerably greater length without breaking. In a moment more it can be extended as far as the thumb and forefinger can be separated. The next stage is the "pearl," shown when the surface of the syrup is covered with bubbles, and is the stage at which much candy is made. The "blow" and "feather" come next; then the "ball" or fondant stage at 235 to 245 degrees; this is the third important stage. To discover when the boiling has progressed to this stage, drop a little of the syrup on to ice water, or dip the tips of the thumb and forefinger into ice water and then into the syrup and instantly into the ice water again with the syrup between. One can use a small stick in the same way. If the syrup can be rolled into a soft, but not sticky ball, it is in the soft ball stage; half a minute more of boiling will convert it into the "hard ball," if tested in the same manner. For fondant, the "soft ball" is chosen. The next is the "crack" or brittle stage, at about 300 degrees; when testing as above the syrup remains dry and hard on the fingers. This is the stage for candy that is to be pulled. At the caramel stage the syrup begins to brown, and must be quickly taken from the fire or it becomes "burnt sugar;" dropped in water it crackles and snaps.

[CANDY MAKING 849]

Making the Fondant.—Fondant ("foundation") is the basis of all French bon-bons, so-called. An endless number of varieties may be made from it in combination with other material. There are two ways of preparing it. The easiest and simplest way is to add to the white of an egg an equal bulk of cold water and a teaspoonful of vanilla; beat until it froths, then add, gradually, one pound or more, of confectioners' XXX sugar; if the egg is large, one and one-half pounds may be required. Ordinary sugar will not do. Add sugar until the mixture forms a stiff paste; work this with a spoon until it is very smooth, then put away in a cool place for at least twenty-four hours, letting it stand in an earthen dish, and cover with a doubled napkin wrung out of cold water.

French, or Boiled Fondant.—Put into a porcelain lined kettle a pint of the best granulated cane sugar, half a pint of cold water and a salt spoon of cream of tartar dissolved in warm water. Stir it till the sugar is dissolved and boil rapidly without stirring or moving the kettle. Without a sugar thermometer it is impossible to tell exactly how many minutes it should boil, but usually in about ten minutes a little of the syrup dropped into cold water will form a soft waxy ball between the moistened fingers. It should then be removed from the fire and put in a cool place until the hand can rest with comfort on the bottom of the kettle. If too hot, it will turn back to sugar; if too cold, it will not thicken properly. In either case it is not spoiled, try again; add boiling water, stir until dissolved, and repeat the boiling. A little experience makes one to seize "the psychological moment" when the syrup is in the right condition. When the syrup has cooled to the degree indicated above, begin to stir it, using a long-handled wooden spoon. It will turn milky at first, then thick and white, finally dry on the edge of the dish and get so stiff it is difficult to stir. Then take the mass out on a marble slab and knead as you would bread dough; if you have no marble slab you may work it in the hands.

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Flavor and Color.—At this point add the flavoring. Make little holes in the fondant with the fingers and put in each a little of the flavoring, working it through the mass. The essential oils are better than extracts. Three or four drops of any of the oils will flavor a pound of fondant. Three cents worth would be sufficient for a number of pounds. The flavor should not be strong. About a teaspoonful of any extract will be sufficient. If it is desirable to have two or more flavors, divide the fondant into the required number of portions, and have an assistant take up the kneading of each. Work the fondant until it is creamy. The pure food laws discourage the use of colorings, and it is difficult for the amateur to procure them in economical quantities. Cochineal can always be had and provides any number of shades of pink. Spinach heated over steam, and the juice expressed, gives a pretty green which is perfectly harmless. Work into the fondant as you used the flavoring oil or extract. The above ingredients will make one pound of fondant, all the beginners should undertake at one time. It may be kept for some time by packing it in glass cans and sealing tightly. The fondant should "mellow" for at least twenty-four hours before being used, especially as centers for chocolate creams, etc.; and these in turn should stand as long before being dipped. It is also advisable to let the bon-bons stand a day at least before being wrapped and packed. Choose a dry, clear, quiet day to make fondant, and do not attempt to work with it in wet weather; it is very sensitive to atmospheric conditions.

Making the Bon-bons.—After the fondant has stood the required interval it is ready to make up. Here comes in play the ingenuity of the candy maker in the employment of various accessories. Candied cherries, candied violets and rose petals, angelica, dates, figs, hard jellies, raisins, white grapes, crystallized ginger, cocoanuts, marshmallows, nuts, all are employed, while chocolate is used in so many forms that it gives rise to an entire class of candies. When ready to make up the bon-bons, roll the fondant out evenly and cut in squares of equal size; shape these with the fingers. The hands must be frequently dipped into ice water and wiped dry, but never greased. Roll the fondant into a ball; while still in the hand, press into the top an English walnut meat, or whatever decoration is desired, and lay on paraffin paper to harden. Another class is made by using a nut meat, say a blanched almond or pecan meat, a raisin, etc., as center, and rolling the fondant round it. The ball may be rolled in beaten white of egg and then in coarse white sugar. By using various centers, and ornamenting the tops differently a great variety of bon-bons may be made; in fact, hundreds or even thousands can be worked out by changing the flavor, nuts, coloring, etc.

Chocolate Candies.—If the American girl had to be restricted to one class of candies, there would be little doubt she would profess a preference for those prepared with chocolate.

[CANDY MAKING 851]

Chocolate Creams.—To make chocolate creams, roll the fondant into balls of uniform size; let them stand on paraffin paper twenty-four hours or more. Also coat nut meats, raisins, candied cherries, etc., with fondant. In making a small quantity of chocolate dipped candies, get a small bowl that will fit into the top of the teakettle; into this cut half a pound of unsweetened chocolate and a lump of paraffin as large as a black walnut, and let them melt; when smooth and well mixed let cool a little, and then set on a hot soapstone. Have ready a colander and a long darning needle. Cover the bottom of the colander with paraffin paper, stick the point of the needle into the piece to be dipped, immerse in the melted chocolate, let it drip a moment, then push the eye of the needle through one of the holes in the colander, reach the other hand under and pull out the needle. There then remains no disfiguring hole in the bottom of the cream. When the colander is filled, lift the paper very, very carefully, and put in a cool place to harden. Unless the colander must be used again it is best to let the creams stand in it to harden. Nut meats, white grapes, candied cherries and the like, may be dipped in the melted chocolates and coated like the creams. If the chocolate gets too thick, thin it with a little olive oil or unsalted butter; not with water which will make it grain.

Chocolate Creams. No. 2.—Put two cups of granulated sugar into half a cup of sweet cream. Boil five minutes from the time it begins to boil hard. Set the pan into cold water and stir in the flavoring, a teaspoonful of vanilla, usually. Stir until the candy is so stiff that stirring is difficult; drop from a spoon on waxed paper; as it hardens, mould into balls, and dip in chocolate as above.

Chocolate Candy, Plain.—Melt a square of unsweetened chocolate and stir into plain fondant, flavoring generously with vanilla.

Chocolate Caramels.—Put together over the fire one cup of molasses and two teacupfuls of sugar. Add a quarter of a pound of grated chocolate and a piece of butter the size of an egg. Boil, without stirring, fifteen to twenty minutes; pour into flat buttered dishes to a depth of one-third of an inch, and when nearly cold cut into squares. Wrap each in a square of paraffin paper.

Chocolate Nut Caramels.—Boil together a cup of molasses, a cup of sugar and half a cup of sweet milk until a little hardens in cold water. Cut into it a piece of butter the size of an egg and add a cup of chopped nuts. Proceed as above.

Chocolate Fudge.—Put into a porcelain lined pan two cups of granulated sugar, four sections of unsweetened chocolate, grated, one cup of milk and two rounded tablespoonfuls of butter. Cook, stirring constantly, for twenty minutes. Dip out a little of the mixture, put on a cold plate, and if it is done it will form a soft pliable paste. Flavor generously with vanilla, beat hard for a few minutes, then turn into buttered pans and cut into squares while warm.

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CHOCOLATE CANDIES. Cocoanut Cream Bars.—Boil three pounds of granulated sugar, one cup of cold water and half a teaspoonful of cream of tartar until thick—or in the "ball" stage. Let cool slightly, then beat until creamy. Have ready a large cocoanut, grated; mix and stir well, then pour into shallow tins covered with buttered paper. When cold, cut into bars. Let stand a day or two before using.

Cocoanut Caramels.—Three pounds of granulated sugar, one cup of milk, a tablespoonful of butter and two teaspoonfuls of lemon extract. Put into a kettle, stir till dissolved; add one grated cocoanut and boil to the "pearl" stage. Pour into buttered pans, after it has cooled a little mark off into squares, and when cold break apart. Use when quite fresh.

Cocoanut Snow Balls.—Knead dessicated cocoanut into fondant; make into balls, and roll in grated cocoanut. Dessicated cocoanut may be used but is not as good as grated cocoanut.

MAPLE CANDIES. Maple Creams.—Beat thoroughly one cup of the best maple syrup and the while of one egg. With XXX confectioners' sugar, make it into a stiff fondant or paste. Use as the centers for bon-bons, or make into balls to be dipped into chocolate.

Maple Creams No. 2.—To two pounds of maple sugar add a cup of water and a quarter teaspoonful cream of tartar. Shave the sugar, and stir till dissolved. Boil without stirring to the soft ball stage; let stand in the kettle until cool, not cold; beat until creamy and pour into a shallow buttered pan.

Maple Balls.—Boil without stirring, two cups of shaved maple sugar and a cup of water. At the hard ball stage add a heaping tablespoonful of good butter. Beat till creamy. As soon as it can be handled form into balls and press the half of an English walnut or pecan on one side.

WAFERS.—To make wafers, boil without stirring two cups of granulated sugar, a half cup of water. When it will "spin a thread" set the kettle in cold water and beat till creamy. Flavor with peppermint, wintergreen, cinnamon, or any flavor you choose. Squeeze through a pastry tube upon paraffin paper in quantities that will spread to the size of a quarter dollar.

Chocolate Peppermint Wafers.—Take some of the fondant prepared as above, flavor rather strongly with peppermint and dip in sweet chocolate.

MOLASSES CANDIES.—Nothing pleases children more than a "candy pull." Turn them loose in the kitchen and let them make molasses taffy.

Molasses Taffy.—Boil a cup of good Porto Rico molasses, a cup of brown sugar and a piece of butter the size of an egg until a little will harden, in cold water. Cool on buttered plates, and as soon as it can be handled grease the fingers and pull till hard and light colored. To prevent boiling over, grease the edge of the pan or kettle in which it is boiled.

[CANDY MAKING 853]

Molasses Taffy No. 2.—Four cups of sugar, two of molasses, half a cup of vinegar. Boil till it hardens in cold water, then add a tablespoonful of soda dissolved in a little water. Pour into buttered dishes and pull when sufficiently cool to handle.

Butter Scotch.—One cup of each of sugar and molasses, half a cup of vinegar, one tablespoonful of butter and a quarter teaspoonful of soda.

Nougat.—Nuts intended for nougat should be blanched, skinned and dried. Melt in a porcelain lined vessel, one pound of fine white sugar with two tablespoonfuls of water, stirring continually with a wooden spoon. Heat the nuts in the oven, after chopping them, add to the syrup, and stir for five minutes. Remove from the fire and add a little grated lemon rind. Oil a flat pan; place it in a warm place on the range and pour the candy into it. When brown, turn out of the mould, cut in cubes and wrap in oiled paper.

Nut Bars.—Chop any kind of nutmeats you prefer, or a mixture of nuts, moderately fine. Butter a shallow pan and spread the nuts evenly over the bottom. Boil one pound of granulated sugar with half a cup of water and a pinch of cream of tartar till thick, but not too brittle. Pour over the nuts and set aside to cool. When it begins to harden mark into bars with a sharp knife. Let stand several days, when it becomes soft and delicious.

Nut Loaf.—Chop nutmeats into small pieces and work into fondant. Make into a roll, and after standing a day or two, cut into slices. Chopped dates, figs and raisins may be used in the same way.

Peanut Candy.—Carefully remove the shells and brown skins from roasted peanuts. Put them an inch thick in a buttered pan. Boil a pound of crushed loaf sugar with three gills of water and a salt spoon of cream of tartar (to prevent graining) dissolved in water, to the caramel stage. The instant the sugar reaches that point, shown by its beginning to brown, it must be removed from the fire and the pan set in cold water to check the boiling; then pour over the nuts.

Pop Corn Candy.—Boil two cups of sugar, two tablespoonfuls of butter and a cup of water until it threads. Stir in four quarts of nice popped corn, rejecting all hard kernels, take from the fire and stir till cool. Make into balls.

Popcorn Baskets.—Prepare the corn as above, instead of making into balls, butter the bottoms of tumblers and press the candy around them to form little baskets, in which ice cream may be served or which may be filled with candies.

Sour Drops.—Strain the juice of three or four large lemons into a bowl, and stir in powdered loaf sugar till it is quite thick. Put into a pan and let boil five minutes, stirring constantly. Drop from the end of a spoon upon writing paper, and when dry keep in tin cannisters. Tartaric acid is generally used by commercial candy makers, but is much more injurious to health.

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Crystallized Fruits.—Other Candies.—Boil two cups of granulated sugar with two-thirds of a cup of water until it hardens in cold water, do not stir. When it is brittle without being sticky, it is ready to use. Dip the fruit to be candied, sections of oranges, white grapes, cherries, squares of pineapple, etc., into this, and lay on paraffin paper. Dip a second time after the first has hardened, to ensure a good coat. Use the same rule for the syrup to glace nuts.

Cream Dates.—Remove the stones from nice dates. Replace them with the roll of flavored fondant. Or roll a blanched almond in fondant and stuff the date with it.

Hoarhound Candy.—Boil the hoarhound in a little water till the strength is extracted. Make a sugar syrup, adding the hoarhound to it; let it boil up and stir against the sides of the pan until it thickens. Pour out on paraffin paper dusted with fine sugar, and cut into squares.

Marshmallows.—Dissolve over a slow fire eight ounces of best gum arabic in three gills of water. Boil one ounce of marshmallow roots in a little water for half an hour. Strain, and boil down. Put this and the gum arabic solution with half a pound of loaf sugar, let it cook slowly till it makes a paste that can be rolled between the fingers to the "soft ball" stage. Then add the beaten whites of two eggs; when well mixed pour in a pan which should be lined with white paper, with enough projecting over the sides so that as the mixture cools it can be lifted out and cut in cups with a sharp knife, then rolled in powdered sugar.

Marrons Glaces.—Remove the shells from a quart of large Italian or French chestnuts. Let stand fifteen minutes in boiling water. Drain; rub off the skin; cover again with boiling water and simmer gently half an hour or till tender, but not soft. Drain in a sieve. Boil together one cup of granulated sugar and one cup of water; add the nuts and simmer until they begin to look clear. Make another syrup of one pound of granulated sugar and one cup of water; boil till it will spin a thread, add a teaspoonful of lemon juice and set aside till it cools a little; then beat till it begins to turn white. Set in a basin of hot water, flavor with vanilla, and when melted to a syrup, dip each nut. When coated, lay on paraffin paper to dry. These sugared chestnuts are highly esteemed as a sweetmeat and are expensive to buy.

Stick Candy.—Three pounds of granulated sugar, two cups of water, one teaspoonful of cream of tartar dissolved in a little warm water. Stir over the fire till the sugar is dissolved; cover the kettle while the syrup is boiling and skim carefully a few drops. When it will harden in cold water, take from the fire and add the flavoring and coloring, then pour on well buttered plates. When cool, pull, and make into sticks or mark off into squares.

[CANDY MAKING 855]

School Girl's Delight.—Two cups of white sugar, three-fourths cup of golden color corn syrup and a quarter cup of water. Put into a granite sauce pan and boil till a little will crisp in cold water. Beat the whites of two eggs very stiff in a large bowl; pour the syrup very slowly into the bowl, beating the while, and beat and stir until it begins to harden. Then add one teaspoonful of vanilla, half a cup of chopped nutmeats, and five cents worth of dates, cut up with the scissors. Pour upon oiled paper in a flat pan and cut in squares. Those who eat this candy will ask to have it made again.

A Few Hints.—Many candy makers consider coffee A sugar, better than the granulated, as being purer. Choose a sugar that is dry, uniform in quality and with hard, sparkling crystals. Cane sugar is greatly to be preferred over beet sugar. When you can, let the sugar and water stand together for some time. The syrup may be stirred until it reaches the boiling point, but not afterward. Unless otherwise specified, cook over a hot fire. The syrup passes quickly from one degree to another and must be tested often and carefully. Cream of tartar must be dissolved in a little warm water before being put into the syrup. So also must soda. If you use nuts, be careful to remove every particle of shell and skin before putting them into the syrup. Almonds are blanched by letting them stand in boiling water for a few minutes and then nipping off the skins between the fingers. They should be warmed in the oven before being put into the syrup. Dessicated cocoanut should be steamed a few minutes before being used; put in a dish in a colander over boiling water. Use the fresh cocoanut if you can get it. Bonbons made of fondant are probably the easiest form of candy making for the amateur to attempt, and the most interesting on account of the variety possible through the use of other materials in combination.

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OVER THREE HUNDRED MISCELLANEOUS RECIPES

A GOLD MINE OF INFORMATION FOR PROGRESSIVE HOUSEWIVES

HOUSEKEEPERS' ALPHABET.

Apples.—Keep in a dry place, as cool as possible, without freezing.

Brooms.—Hang in the cellarway to keep soft and pliant.

Cranberries.—Keep under water in cellar; change water monthly.

Dish of hot water set in oven prevents cake from scorching.

Economize health, time, and means and you will never beg.

Flour.—Keep cool, dry and securely covered.

Glass.—Clean with a quart of water mixed with a tablespoonful of ammonia.

Herbs.—Gather when beginning to blossom; keep in paper sacks.

Ink Stains.—Wet with spirits of turpentine; after three hours, rub well.

Jars.—To prevent, coax husband to your will rather than order him.

Keep an account of all supplies with cost and date when purchased.

Love lightens labor.

Money.—Count carefully when you receive change.

Nutmegs.—Prick with a pin and if good oil will run out.

Orange and Lemon Peel.—Dry, pound and keep in corked bottles.

Parsnips.—Keep in ground until spring.

Quicksilver and white of an egg destroys bedbugs.

Rice.—Select the large, with a clear fresh look; old rice may have insects.

Sugar.—For family use, the granulated is the best.

Tea.—Equal parts Japan and green are as good as English breakfast.

Use a cement made of ashes, salt and water for cracks in stove.

Variety is the best culinary spice.

Watch your back yard for dirt and bones.

Xantippe was a scold. Don't imitate her.

Youth is best preserved by a cheerful temper.

Zinc lined sinks are better than wooden ones.

Regulate the clock by your husbands watch, and in all apportionment of time remember the Giver.

[MISCELLANEOUS RECIPES 857]

1. Charcoal to Prevent Rust.—Charcoal absorbs all dampness, for which reason it should be kept in boxes with silverware to prevent rust.

2. A Needle Holder.—A guest of ours kept all her needles in a bottle in which was a pinch or two of emery. She said that it keeps them always bright and free from rust, and she finds it much easier to pick out the needle she wants from the bottle than from a tray.

3. Care of a Scrubbing Brush.—Scrubbing brushes should never be put away with their bristles upward, for thus the water would soak into the wooden part and the bristles would soon become loose.

4. In Case of Sickness.—In our home, when hot cloths are needed wet ones are put in a steamer, and water kept boiling underneath. In this way the cloths are more easily handled and can be applied as hot as needed.

5. To Tighten Cane-Seated Chair Bottoms.—Cane-seated chair bottoms that have sagged may be made as tight as ever by washing them with hot water and leaving them to dry in the open air.

6. For Chilblains.—To relieve the chilblains bathe the feet in warm water at night, then rub them with castor oil. This method will cure very bad cases.

7. Paint, Smoked by Kerosene Lamps.—Paint that has been smoked by kerosene lamps may be cleaned with kerosene, which can afterward be rubbed off with a clean brush.

8. A Use for Sacks.—Save all salt and sugar sacks; wash and boil them and they can be put to various uses. Salt sacks are nice to strain jellies through; are also nice to bake veal or beef loaf in. Sugar sacks make nice dish-towels.

9. Soap With Stove Blacking.—Use a half bar of laundry soap, and one cake of blacking. Put in an old kettle with three quarts of water. Boil down until thick. This will last a year.

10. To Remove White Spots from Tables.—Wring cloths out of very hot water, lay them over spot and remove quickly. Repeat if necessary. When dry, rub the furniture with some of the good polish.

11. To Clean Mirrors.—To clean a French mirror which has grown dull, rub with a cloth soaked in alcohol; follow this by rubbing with a dry cloth. The dullness will vanish, and the mirror will look like new. This method is used for cut glass with excellent result.

12. To Whiten Linen.—If you want your table linen to last do not use bleaching preparations. Use only clean soap and soft water. If the water is not soft, add a little ammonia.

13. Velveteen for Polishing Cloths.—Old pieces of velveteen that have served their original purpose should be saved for polishing cloths. They will answer perfectly the purpose of chamois and save buying anything fresh. When soiled the cloths may be washed in soapy water and dried in the open air.

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14. For Clearing Vinegar.—Should your home-made vinegar refuse to settle, try this: To each gallon stir in a half pint of fresh milk and let stand undisturbed for twenty-four hours. The milk will form a curd at the bottom and all the dregs will settle with it, leaving the vinegar clear. Pour off very carefully.

15. Uses for Old Velvet.—A bit of velvet is a fine polisher for brass. It quickly removes the dust from woodwork, or shoes soiled from walking which do not need reblacking. For dusting a felt hat there is nothing better than a piece of chiffon velvet. It is also good to keep the bottom of a silk skirt free from the dirt. One housekeeper even uses a big piece of old velvet to rub her stove to a high polish after it has been blackened.

16. Removing Warts.—Warts can be removed permanently and safely by an application of a salve made by mixing common table salt into a yolk of an egg. Change the application daily, and within the week they will all drop out.

17. To Save Time by Sewing.—When sewing on plain garments, cut out several garments at a time, and save time by stitching all the straight seams, then doing all the basting, etc.

18. To Remove Stains from Blankets.—Stains on blankets and other woolen materials may be removed by using a mixture of equal parts of glycerin and a yolk of an egg. Spread it on the stain, let it stay for half an hour or more, then wash out.

19. Burn from Acid or Lye.—In case of a burn with carbolic acid or lye, the speedy application of sweet oil or olive oil will give almost instant relief.

20. To Wash Laces.—To wash delicate or tender laces put the lace in a fruit jar with shavings of some good soap, cover with warm water, let soak for awhile then shake, using if necessary several waters, then rinse in same manner, spread between pieces of muslin and roll up on a bottle or jar, and leave to dry. They will not be torn in this way and will look like new.

21. For Cut or Bruise.—Bind sugar and turpentine on the wound or bruise at once. The healing properties of this simple remedy cannot be surpassed.

22. Lemons; How to Obtain More Juice.—Lemons placed in a moderately hot oven, for a few minutes will yield a greater quantity of juice than if used in the ordinary way.

23. Whipping Cream.—If cream does not whip well, add to it the white of an egg, and the result will be very satisfactory.

24. To Clean Lamp Burners.—To remove the black gummy coating which sometimes comes on the brass parts of lamp burners, moisten the cloth with common household ammonia, rub it on sapolio, and apply it to the coated surface with the aid of a little elbow grease. A bright brassy surface will soon appear.

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25. To Preserve Hot Water Bottle.—Fill with air, cork tightly, and hang in a cool dry place. This keeps the walls of the bottle from coming in contact with each other and prevents deterioration and decay.

26. Sweep Stairs with Paint Brush.—My mother uses a paint brush with long bristles for sweeping her stairs. With its use the work is more quickly and thoroughly done than by the old way, because the bristles reach every corner and crack as a cloth cannot do.

27. Washing Hair Brushes.—To wash hair brushes take a piece of washing soda, dissolve it in warm water, and stand the brush in it, taking care that the water covers only the bristles. It will almost instantly become clean and white. Place it in the air to dry, bristles downward, and it will be as firm as a new brush.

28. Loops on Towels.—Always have a loop on each end of the kitchen towel, where a roller is not used. Otherwise all the soil and the wear come on the lower end.

29. Changing Pillow Slips.—To change pillow slips without scattering the feathers all over the house, sew up the clean tick, all except a space of about twelve inches. Take the full pillow unopened and baste one side of the empty one to the full one. Then with a knife slit open the seam of the pillow, the twelve-inch space. Quickly baste the other sides together so they will not come apart easily. Then slowly push the feathers into the clean and empty tick, and when finished undo the basting and sew tightly. Soak the soiled ticks in cold water immediately to remove remaining feathers.

30. Use of Old Linen Collars.—Cut them up into narrow strips and use them for gas-lighting instead of using wax tapers. They make a steady flame and do not drip grease.

31. Discarded Toys.—My baby came in the other day hugging to his breast a toy tin goat. It was evidently one of the discarded playthings of a neighbor's child. On inquiry I found that the toy had been given to my boy, and he has taken so much pleasure in this castoff plaything that I have been saving his old toys and passing them on to other children of the neighborhood. I have discovered that in their baby hearts these are as good as new, because they have never played with them. It is nothing to them that they are not just out of the store.

32. To Clean Silver.—Try curdled milk for cleaning your silverware. Let the silver stand for several hours in the milk, and you will be surprised at the result.

33. Removing Stains.—Damp salt will remove egg stains from silver and tea stains from cups.

34. To Keep Free from Mould.—Jelly and jam can be kept entirely free from mould by pouring a thin layer of melted paraffin on top. This paraffin can be saved when the jelly is taken from the glass and used the next season so the cost is very small.

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35. Hanging Out Clothes.—The other day I came across a peculiar clothes bar. It was the same as any other, except that the crossbars had been removed, and for them ropes had been substituted. The owner told me she had had her husband fix it for her the previous winter when she was bothered with salt rheum. "I hang up all the baby's little things, fastening them with clothespins, right here in the house where it is warm," she explained. "Then it is but the work of a moment to take the whole thing out of doors, and there is no fishing around for the tiny things when my hands are so cold they feel as though they would drop off."

36. A Fine Cutting Board.—I measured the top of my kitchen cabinet, and had a piece of zinc cut to fit it, allowing an inch for turning over the edges. My husband tacked it on, and I can cut meat and bread or anything on it, without harming it in the least, besides using it as a moulding board.

37. Convenient Place for Stiletto.—It will be found a great convenience to have the stiletto tied to the embroidery hoop by a ribbon about a foot long, when that little instrument is necessary for the work in hand.

38. Cleaning Paint and Varnish.—Many housekeepers have been annoyed by finding their paint and varnish brushes dry and hard. To soften them, heat to the boiling water point some good cider vinegar, immerse your brushes and allow them to simmer in it for a few minutes, then wash out in strong soapsuds and your brushes will be soft and pliable.

39. How to Keep Cookies from Burning.—To keep cookies from burning on the bottom, turn the baking pan upside down and bake on the bottom of the pan.

40. Non-Sticking Cake Tins.—Cake layers will not stick in cooking if a little meal is scorched on the cake tins and rubbed off with paper.

41. To Clean Sieve.—Hold a sieve which has been used for straining oatmeal, tomatoes, fruit, etc., at once under the faucet, or shake it in enough water to cover it, then slap it, and it is easily cleaned; if it dries first it is almost impossible to get it clean even by more time and effort.

42. Washing Clothes.—After the clothes have been soaked a while to loosen the dirt, spread on washboard, soap, and then rub with a common scrub brush. The dirt comes out easier and with much less wear on the clothes. Even when the washing machine is used, this is a help for the wrist bands that are not quite clean.

43. Discoveries.—When old clothes, like worn-out aprons or waists or linings come to hand, and are absolutely good for nothing else, cut them into small pieces, say eight or twelve inches square, some larger, and put them into a bag or box easily accessible. Then when something is spilled over on stove or floor, or mess of any kind is made, use these bits for cleaning up and drop them into the fire.

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44. To Stretch Curtains.—Take curtains while wet and put on a curtain rod; also put a heavy rod as a weight on the lower hem. Hang one on curtain at a time at an open window and stretch the desired width.

45. Cleaning Windows in the Winter.—It is a hard task in the winter time to wash windows in the old way, but if it is very cold, windows can be cleaned by using "Bon Ami," The same is useful for cleaning bright pieces on stoves.

46. How to Kill Black Ants.—A request for information as to how to rid plants and trees of black ants, which was received at the Pennsylvania department of agriculture's division of zoology, elicited the following from Prof. H. A. Surface, State Zoologist. You can do this by finding the nesting places of the pests and making holes into the interior of them with a sharpened stick like a broom handle and pouring into each hole a half tea cup of carbon bisulphide. Fill the hole with earth and cover with a wet cloth or blanket to keep down the fumes and the ants will be destroyed at once. This is the best possible method for destroying ants of any kind.

47. Washing Windows.—It is better to wash windows on a cloudy day or when the sun is not shining directly on them. Before washing, dust them thoroughly inside and out, then wash the woodwork without touching the glass. For the glass use warm water, to which add a tablespoonful of kerosene to each pailful of water used. Dry with a cloth or chamois skin, wrung very dry; then polish with a soft cloth or soft old newspapers.

48. Home-made Soap Shaker.—A baking powder can with holes punctured in both cover and bottom, makes a fine soap shaker. Put all the small scraps of soap in this, and when you wash dishes, just put box and all in your dishpan and shake about. You will have a nice suds and no soap rubbing off on the dishes.

49. Cleaning Rugs.—When cleaning rugs first lay them out straight and brush with a stiff dry scrubbing brush. You will be surprised at the amount of dirt that is loosened and comes out in this way.

50. Clean Leather Furniture.—A good way to clean leather furniture is to add a little vinegar to some warm water and wash the leather, using a clean soft cloth. Wipe with a dry cloth. To restore the polish, mix two teaspoonfuls of turpentine with the whites of two eggs; beat a little and apply with a soft flannel cloth. Dry with another cloth and rub well.

51. Ironing Board, Conveniences for.—Try tacking a pocket on the under side of your ironing board to keep your holder, stand and sheet of sand paper in.

52. Clean Gilt Furniture.—Gilt furniture can be cleaned with sifted whiting made into a cream with alcohol. Cover a small space at a time and rub off before it hardens. To clean brass fixtures rub them with cut lemon and then wash off in hot water.

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53. For Tufted Furniture.—For tufted furniture use a bicycle pump to remove dust. Garments to be stored for the summer months should first be aired well on a bright breezy day. Brush thoroughly and shake free of dust. Do not leave clothing out in the air after three o'clock in the afternoon, as from that time until dark all sorts of insects are seeking their beds. A trunk or box that has been thoroughly cleaned and sunned and then lined with fresh newspapers will prove an ideal place in which to store winter clothing. Sprinkle each layer with cloves and tuck newspapers well around them, moths detest printer's ink.

54. Clean Linoleum.—To clean linoleum add one cupful of beeswax, shaved fine, to two cupfuls of turpentine and set on the back of the stove to melt. When cool it will be thick and ready for use. First thoroughly clean the linoleum and then apply the paste with a soft cloth. Rub in well, then polish with a dry cloth, preferably flannel. Linoleum treated in this manner will look like new.

55. For Broken Needles.—A receptacle for broken needles in her work basket would be a boon to any woman, and this one which I am about to describe is very easily made, takes up little space and is really very convenient, when one is busy sewing and dislikes to get up to take care of the dangerous bits of steel. Take a little two dram bottle (homeopathic style), crochet for it a snug covering made of embroidery silk or silkaline, crocheting it tightly and covering the bottle completely, using some bright color if desired. When you break a needle just slip the pieces right through the meshes of silk into the bottle; they will go in easily, but the holes will close up after them, retaining them in safety till the receptacle is full.

56. How to Carry House Key.—The pocketless woman often finds it troublesome to carry a key, especially the house key, when she goes out. If an old-fashioned split metal ring can be found, use it to connect the key to be carried to the circular end of a strong, sure acting safety pin, not necessarily of the largest size. If such a ring cannot be found, fasten pin and key together with a bit of fine wire, string or thread will be sure to break just at the wrong time. Then the pin may be fastened to the inside of the jacket or slipped inside of the shirtwaist band pinned to the undergarment, or attached to the skirtband and allowed to hang down outside.

57. A Sewing Room Hint.—Thread will not become knotted so often if the newly-cut end is put into the needle instead of the other end, which is already broken.

58. Convenient Addition to Kitchen.—One of the most highly-prized helps in our kitchen is a bird cage hook, one which can be hung on a nail, and thus easily changed from place to place. On this when placed over the sink, I hang macaroni, greens, etc., to drain; and when placed over the kitchen table, it is an ideal arrangement for holding the jelly bag.

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59. To Remove Candle Grease.—A simple way to remove candle grease is to scrape off all that will come off in that way, lay over the spot a piece of heavy brown wrapping paper (butcher's paper) and press with a very hot iron.

60. Using Silk on the Machine.—When sewing on the machine with silk, it often unwinds and twists around the spool spindle in a very trying manner. To avoid this make a hole in a small piece of felt and slip it on the spindle before the silk is put on.

61. A Shoe Cover.—When packing my trunk for a journey, I have found it to be a good scheme to use my stockings for shoe covers, this saves the added bulk of paper, and the shoes will be found less liable to muss up other things if protected by this clean and handy stocking covering. A stocking occupies practically no room when drawn over a shoe, and the two together will be found quite handy to tuck into chinks into which they alone can fall.

62. To Press Skirts.—An easy way to press skirts is to use a sheet of paper in place of a cloth; lay the folds, or plaits and in place of ironing over a wet cloth take a sheet of common magazine paper lay it on the goods and iron. This presses the skirt very well and keeps the shine off and will, I think, give more satisfaction than if pressed with a damp cloth or ironed on the wrong side.

63. How to Attach Holders to Kitchen Apron.—Pin two holders with long tape at each side of the apron when cooking. They are convenient for handling hot kettles or dishes.

64. To Pack Music.—An excellent place in which to pack away sheets of music that are not in constant use is a large box fitted with a hinged cover and upholstered in cretonne, after the manner of shirtwaist boxes so much in vogue. Such a box is kept in the hallway of a small flat, where room is at a premium. The music cabinet was full to overflowing and there was no closet shelf that could be utilized, as so often happens in an ordinary house. An unused shirtwaist box was suggested and has been found to answer every purpose, besides providing an extra seat when such a seat was desirable. The box seems to fit in as an article of furnishing and the reason for its being there would never be asked.

65. Pie Crust, How to Bake.—Bake empty pie crusts on the outside of the tin, instead of the inside, and they won't shrink.

66. Let the Poison Bottle Tinkle.—A wise house mother with half a dozen little folk needing all sorts of medicines and medical applications, has purchased in a toy shop a handful of little bells, and when a bottle containing poison is added to the medicine closet it is adorned with a bell tied around its neck with a narrow ribbon. No danger with the bottle thus equipped of taking by mistake, in the dark, the dangerous medicine. The moment the poison bottle is touched the little bell tinkles its warning.

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67. A New Night Lamp.—Mothers who have timid little ones will appreciate the new night lamp, the apparatus of which may be carried to the country in a trunk or handbag. This apparatus consists of a small wooden float through which passes a tiny wick. An ordinary china teacup is half filled with cottonseed oil, the little floating wick placed in this, and a match touched to the upright wick. While the sides of the cup prevent thc direct light of the flame being visible to the person in bed, a pleasant dim light is cast over the room.

68. Time Saved in Sewing.—In a family of small children there are a great many buttonholes to be made. A quick way to make them in the everyday underwear, is on the sewing machine. Sew back and forth, leaving a small space in the center, three or four times where the buttonhole is wanted, and cut in the space left, being careful not to cut the stitching. In making little dresses, or slips after the skirts are sewed up, attach the gatherer to the machine and gather the top and bottom of sleeves and skirt. In this way work is quickly done.

69. Stews and Hash, How to Make.—Stews and hash made of fresh meat or round steak instead of scraps, are delicious. When the steak is to be used without being ground, select only tender, young, pinkish pieces; otherwise it will be tough in spite of prolonged cooking.

70. Dusters.—Another good idea about dusters. Do not use anything that comes handy, but get squares of five-cent cheese cloth or silkoline, fold a neat hem, and whip it nicely around, then turn and go back the other way. These materials are the best one can use, as they do not leave lint behind. Always wash the dusters after the sweeping day. No one can do clean work with soiled tools; besides dusters ruin the hands.

71. Broom Bags.—Good material for a broom bag or cover is old gauze underwear. The goods takes up dust very readily, and is easily rinsed out; or a piece can be thrown away without waste.

72. To Settle Coffee.—An economical and satisfactory way to settle coffee is as follows: Beat one egg well with an egg beater and pour over one pound of freshly-ground coffee, mix very thoroughly and no trace of dampness then remains. The coffee may then be put away as usual, and when used it will be found as clear as amber.

73. Stocking Tops for Convenient Holders.—For soft, convenient holders use old stocking tops. Take two thicknesses, cut in squares, bind all around with some bias pieces left from calico dresses and sew a brass ring on one corner.

74. Hat Hangers.—It is often convenient to hang up hats, even "Sunday-go-to-meeting ones." To make sure that everyone will stay hung up, and not fall to the floor to be soiled or crushed under foot, sew a loop of narrow ribbon or elastic braid or even shoestring, to the middle of the lining, making the loop long enough so that it will reach to the edge of the hat crown when the loop is pulled out. This can be done and passed over hook or nail or peg, and the hat hung over it, and even if the hat gets a hard knock, it's a case of "sure on" every time.

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75. To Freshen Bread.—To freshen bread pour cold water all over the loaf, drain quickly, and place in the oven. When the outside is dry and hot remove the loaf and it can scarcely be detected from a new one.

76. Renewing Wringer Rollers.—A neighbor rejuvenated a worn-out wringer the other day by covering the rolls with white felt. She cut the felt so that it would just come together, not overlap anywhere, and caught the edges together with close stitches. It bids fair to last her as long again, and it is certain that just now the wringer does as good work as any new one.

77. To Prevent Cake Tins Sticking.—Flour the baking tins after greasing them. If the flour is shaken all over the grease, and the tins rapped, you will have no difficulty with sticky cakes which break when you try to get them out. Lard is just as good as butter, for it will not taste through the flour.

78. Substitute for Chopping Bowl.—When chopping mincemeat, tomatoes, or large quantities of other fruit, you will probably find that your chopping bowl is a good deal too small. Get a clean wooden box with a thick bottom, from your grocer and use it instead of your bowl. You will notice a great saving of time is effected.

79. Save the Gas.—Cut strips of asbestos paper an inch and a half wide and long enough to go around the burners of the gas range. Pin together to form a ring, slip over the burner, and all the heat will be concentrated where wanted. In this way the gas can be half turned off and the same results obtained.

80. To Prevent Pitchers Dripping.—Syrup or other liquids will not drip from a pitcher if a little butter or grease is rubbed on the edge and under the side of the lip.

81. Medicine Cupboard.—An array of ordinary medicine bottles is always unsightly, and a nuisance, too, on cleaning days. Have a tiny cupboard with tight closing door, or a well-fitted curtain, and there is gain in looks and convenience.

82. To Prevent Tablecloths from Blowing Off.—We had some pieces of brass chain, and found them splendid to run through the hems of the tablecovers when in use on the porch in summer. Such "loaded" covers do not blow off easily, consequently they save quite a bit of annoyance and laundering.

83. To Mark Poison Bottle.—When you purchase a bottle of poison run a brass-headed tack into the top of the cork. It serves as a marker, and children will be more cautious of the marked bottle. If the label comes off or is discolored, the marker remains as a warning that the bottle contains poison.

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84. To Remove White Spots Caused by Hot Dishes.—For polishing tables after hot dishes leave a white spot, take a cloth wet in alcohol, then have one wet in sweet oil. Do it quickly and spots will disappear at once.

85. Stains from Fly Paper, to Remove.—Almost anything that has come in contact with sticky fly paper can be thoroughly cleansed by sponging with kerosene. The odor will soon evaporate if the article is exposed to the air for a short time.

86. A Use for Ravelings.—In trimming a tablecloth to be hemmed or stitched, one very frequently has to cut off quite a piece of the linen. Ravelings from these pieces are invaluable for mending old cloths, and ought to be saved for that purpose,

87. How to Remove a Glass Stopper.—The obstinate glass stopper in a glass bottle will yield to a string of seaweed around the neck of the bottle. Friction, heat, slight outside expansion solve the problem.

88. To Prevent Starch from Boiling Over.—Add a small piece of butter the size of a walnut when the starch comes to a good boil. This not only gives a nice, smooth finish and makes the ironing easier, but it prevents the starch from boiling over.

89. To Hold Sheets in Place.—I worked out a little scheme which has saved me a lot of trouble and inconvenience, so I thought I would pass it on. The sheets and bed clothes are constantly pulling out at the foot, so one day I sewed three buttons on to my mattress with strong thread, and worked buttonholes in the hems of the sheets to correspond, and since then have not had trouble with their pulling up in the middle of the night.

90. Hints for Bathing the Baby.—It is a great advantage when bathing the baby to have all the towels heated before using, as they absorb the moisture much more readily and are very pleasant and soothing to the delicate skin. This is also excellent for bathing an invalid as it greatly hastens the work and lessens the danger of catching cold. It acts like a charm for the child who dreads a bath, this is usually a nervous child who does not like the feeling of the towel, on the wet surface of its skin; complains of feeling damp; and refuses to don its clothing when a less sensitive child would be perfectly comfortable.

91. A Satisfactory Shoe Polisher.—Not long since I ripped up a velvet covered hat, only to find the velvet impossible for further use in the millinery line. A threw it into the big waste basket that stands near my husband's shoe cleaning apparatus. He caught up the velvet in a hurry one day to take a spot off a shoe, and now has it laid away as a treasure in his shoe kit. He says it is the best polisher he ever had, and uses it on my fine shoes to his own entire satisfaction.

92. Tasty Way of Preparing Beef-tea.—Beef-tea will not prove so monotonous to an invalid if a different flavoring is used each day, as dove, bay leaf, or celery.

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93. To Preserve Silk Gloves.—If white or delicately tinted silk gloves are wrapped in blue paper, then in brown they will not discolor. The chloride of lime in white paper is injurious.

94. Red Ants to Destroy.—Dry sulphur, sprinkled about in cupboards or flour chests where small red ants frequent, will rid the place of the pests.

95. Kitchen Account Book.—I have found a kitchen account book is a very useful record. I have a small vestpocket note book hanging by a string and pencil near my kitchen range. A page or two is devoted to each month's use. The month and year are entered at the top of page. When groceries are purchased, the date, article and price are noted, and summed up at the end of each month. It makes a handy, permanent record, showing how long supplies last, the expense of one month compared with another, and the monthly average of each year.

96. A Brick Pincushion.—A brick pincushion was a dressmaker's ingenious way of making easy work of basting and sewing long seams. She took a common red brick, topped it with a flat oblong cushion size and shape of the brick, covering the whole neatly with a bright chintz cover. This standing on the edge of her cutting table was in constant use, and proved a great convenience.

97. Fruit Stains, to Remove from Hands.—When your hands become stained from paring fruit or vegetables, dip them in soap suds then rub thoroughly with coarse salt, and they will become smooth and white.

98. Eyelet Embroidery, Suggestions for.—For some time after I began doing "eyelet work" I wondered if there was not some way to fasten the thread after completing an eyelet. A friend of mine showed me a solution of my problem. It was to leave the last three loops loose enough so that I could pass the thread back through them after completing the eyelet. Then I carefully pulled each of these loops down and cut off the thread. This obviates the necessity of any knots that are so unsightly, and at the same time, the thread is firmly secured. 99. To Prevent Stockings from Wearing Out.—Paste pieces of velvet soft side up, into the heels of your shoes, bottom and back, and you will find your stockings darning reduced by a big per cent.

100. Needle Sharpener.—I know a woman who always keeps a small piece of whetstone in her machine drawer for sharpening needles when they become blunted. It is a great scheme, and saves a lot of needles, as I have proved to my own satisfaction.

101. Burned Kettles.—If you have had the misfortune to burn your kettle it may be made smooth and clean by filling it with ashes and water, leaving it for an hour or so, then washing with clear water.

102. Children's Petticoats.—When making washable petticoats for her small daughters, a mother whom I know attaches two skirts to one belt, which in turn is sewed to a little lace trimmed waist. The lower skirt is made of white cambric, and the top skirt is of swiss embroidery. This arrangement saves time in dressing the little ones and their upper and lower petticoats are always of the same length and set evenly.

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103. Systematic Housekeeping.—A friend of mine who has a six-room apartment delights in taking care of it in sections, one room a day. On each of the six days in the week one room is thoroughly cleaned and put in order. She plans, if possible, to add some little touch of adornment, a new rocker, or vase, or table cover, or pincushion. In this way there is always something new to notice and admire, and yet no new and startling changes and never any accumulation of hard work.

104. To Keep Grape Fruit After Cutting.—When half a grapefruit or melon is left from a meal, place it cut side down on a china or agate plate, so that no air can reach it, and the fruit will keep as though it had not been cut.

105. How to Freshen Nuts.—We had a lot of nuts that became too dry to be good, and were about to throw them away, when a friend told us of a very easy and practical way to freshen them. It was this: to let them stand over night in a solution of equal parts of milk and water, then dry them slowly in a moderate oven. They tasted so fresh and proved to be such an economy, that we thought the idea well worth passing along.

106. Measure the Eggs.—Try measuring the whites of eggs for angel food instead of counting them, for best results.

107. Kerosene Lamps.—A neighbor who has to use kerosene for lighting purposes told me the secret of her bright lights. After cleansing the lamps well and trimming the wick she fills the oil chamber, and drops into it a piece of camphor gum about as large as a marble. It is a very simple method of securing a splendid light.

108. Baking Help.—When creaming butter and sugar for cake or cookies, add two tablespoonfuls of boiling water, then deduct this amount from the other liquid used. Beat hard with a spoon, and the mixture will become a light creamy mass in one-third of the time it otherwise would take.

109. To Destroy Disagreeable Odors.—The cooking of onions, cabbage, or frying articles always leaves a disagreeable odor in our house. To get rid of this I place an old tin over a lighted burner and sprinkle some ground cinnamon on it. When the tin is very hot I carry it through the house on the dustpan, leaving behind me the pleasant pungent odor of the spice.

110. The Last Step.—A great many times last winter I had to go into the cellar to tend to the furnace when it was too light to light a lamp, and too dark to enable one to see easily. Almost every time I had to feel around to be sure that I was on the bottom step. One day my husband was doing some painting in the cellar and happened to think that a little white paint on that step would help. Now we wonder why we did not think of it before.

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111. Truth spoken with malicious intent is greater error than keeping of silence where wrong is meant.

112. Boiled Potatoes.—Boiled potatoes should be served as soon as they are cooled. To make them dryer, drain off the water quickly, shake them in a strong draught of air and do not put back the lid of the kettle.

113. To Prevent Ripping.—When hemming table cloths, sheets, etc., on the machine, try the following plan: Sew the hem as you always do, but when you come to the end, instead of leaving a long thread to tie it, to keep from ripping, simply lift the presser-foot, turn the goods around, place the presser-foot down again and sew back over the same seam again, and sew about half an inch more. It makes a neat finish and no danger of the hem ever fraying out.

114. To Mix Corn Bread.—To mix corn bread more easily warm the bowl that it is to be mixed in.

115. Mending Table Linen.—To mend table cloths and napkins, take the sewing machine, loosen the tension, lengthen the stitch, place embroidery rings over the place to be mended, and stitch back and forth closely. You have a neat darn, easily done. When laundered you can scarcely see it. Do the same with stockings.

116. Children's Toy.—Save all the empty spools, and when any dyeing is done in the household, drop the spools into the fluid for a few minutes, and they will make fine playthings for the children on a rainy day.

117. To Keep Coffee From Boiling Over.—To keep coffee from boiling over add a lump of butter about the size of a small marble.

118. Sour Milk Pancakes.—We are very fond of sour milk pancakes, and have often had to go without any in the winter when the weather was cold, just because the milk would not sour. I have learned to put a teaspoonful of vinegar in a pan of milk, that I wanted to use for the cakes the next morning, and find that it never fails me in making the milk sour. Placing the pan over the register for the night helps matters along.

119. When the Wooden Scrub Bucket Leaks.—When the wooden scrub bucket leaks pour sealing wax into the crevice and paint on the outside. This will make it last for a longer period.

120. Rust Spots on Clothes.—Many rust spots on clothes are caused by bits of soap adhering to the latter when they come in contact with the bluing water. The discovery has been of great help to me because I can now easily avoid having these unsightly marks. I merely cut the soap into small pieces, and tie them in a salt bag I keep for the purpose. With this treatment the soap dissolves just as quickly but does not come into direct contact with the clothes.

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121. Cleaning Stoves.—Before blacking my stove I rub soap on my hands, as if washing them, letting the soap dry on. When washing my hands after the work is done, the blacking and the soap come off together easily, leaving no stain on the hands.

122. Left-Over Peaches.—If there are not peaches enough left from an opened can to go around, mix them with orange pulp and a little sliced banana and the family will find them improved.

123. Substitute for Cream in Coffee.—For a substitute for cream in coffee put a pint of fresh milk into a double boiler and let it come to a boil, stirring often. Beat the yolk of one egg very light and pour it into the boiling milk and mix well.

124. Cooking cauliflower.—Soak cauliflower an hour before cooking. Put into boiling water to which a tablespoonful of salt is added. Boil from twenty to thirty minutes according to size of the head.

125. Uses for Child's Broom.—A child's broom should find place in the bath room. It can be kept in the clothes hamper, and will be useful in sweeping under the bath-tub.

126. Dish Cloths.—Dish cloths are often neglected. They should be kept scrupulously clean, and in order that they may be so they should be washed out carefully with soap, and well rinsed each time they have been used. After this has been done they may be hung in the air to dry. Some people, however, like to have a stone jar containing a solution of soda by the sink and to keep the dish cloths in it when not in use.

127. Watch for the wishes of the customers and not the hands of the clock, and some day you will have your boss's job.

128. We judge our neighbor as queer and eccentric, but with the same measure comes back his judgment of us.

129. Uses for Men's Worn Out Collars.—Men's collars when worn out, can be opened and bound together as a memorandum book which can be laundered each Monday.

130. Broiling Meat.—A little salt thrown on the coal flame will clear it for broiling meat.

131. Combinations of Cherries and Pineapple.—A combination of cherries and pineapple makes a most-delicious pie.

132. Crepe Paper for Dish Closet.—A pretty effect for the dish closet may be found in crepe paper. Some prefer white, but a tint harmonizing well with the china is pretty too. Have it to fall about three inches below the edge of the shelves and ruffle the edge of the paper by stretching it lightly between forefinger and thumb.

133. Boiling Rice.—One cook always puts a very little lemon juice in the water in which she boils the rice. She claims that it keeps the rice white and the grams whole and separate. It may be worth trying.

134. To Remove Grease from Silk.—Grease may be removed from silk and woolen clothes by the use of magnesia. Scrape a quantity upon the spot, cover with a brown paper and place a hot flat-iron over it. The heat of the iron acts upon the magnesia and when the iron and the paper are removed and the magnesia brushed off the spot will have disappeared.

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135. Hemstitching.—When hemstitching wears out, take serpentine braid and stitch it across twice on the sewing machine. This makes the hem look neat and last a long time.

136. Moths.—When moths get into dresser drawers, sweep them clean, expose the wood to the sunlight and with an atomizer spray turpentine where the pests are liable to be. A lighted match or sulphur candle will kill them.

137. To Remove Putty.—To remove putty, rub a red hot poker over it, and cut off the putty with a steel knife.

138. New Method for Sprinkling Clothes.—Turn the nozzle of the hose to a fine spray and sprinkle the clothes while they are on the line; a very quick and good method. All plain pieces may then be rolled up and laid in the basket as they are taken down, while starched articles need but a little further hand sprinkling on portions not exposed.

139. To Open Packages of Breakfast Food.—To open packages of breakfast food and keep boxes in a dust proof condition until empty, make an opening in the side of box close to top by forcing a tablespoon through cardboard and turn flap downwards. The flap will fit back snugly in place each time package is used.

140. Preparing Oranges for the Table.—In preparing oranges for the table take a sharp knife, cut the skin straight around, insert the handle of a spoon turned over flat to fit the orange and loosen shell by forcing spoon to within one-half inch of the end, around one side, then the other, after which cut the orange through the center, making two parts. Then turn the skin back in cup form, making a pretty decoration for the table and serving as handles. Always serve in halves.

141. To Make a Muddy Skirt Wash Easily.—To make a muddy skirt wash easily and look white, take sour milk and dilute with water; soak the skirt in it over night, then wash in the usual way; the skirt washes easier and looks white.

142. To Make Stained Water Bottles Clean.—To make stained water bottles clean and bright, put in salt and pour on vinegar, let stand a few minutes then shake. Rinse in clear water.

143. Sanitary Window Screen.—Try tacking cheese cloth on the pantry window screen frame. This admits air that is sifted free from smoke and soot, before it comes into the pantry.

144. Cheerfulness at Meals.—Cheer during the meals will do away with the need of digestive tablets. Make it a rule to come to the table smiling, and continue to smile, though the food does not suit you and everyone else is down on their luck. Your smile will prove contagious.

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145. Uses for Stale Bread.—Take stale biscuits and grind them with a food chopper; toast in oven to a delicate brown. Serve with plenty of sugar and cream. Makes fine breakfast food and saves the stale bread.

146. Washing Lemons.—Always wash lemons before grating them, not only to remove any foreign matter sticking to them, but in order to remove the tiny insect eggs so often seen on them in the disguise of black specks. They may be kept fresh indefinitely, if wiped perfectly dry and placed in a sealed top glass jar.

147. To Give Vinegar a Nice Flavor.—A small button of garlic in a quart of vinegar will give it a mysterious delicious flavor, and it will immensely improve salads or anything in which it is used.

148. If Mice are Gnawing Holes.—If mice are gnawing holes in the house, rub common laundry soap around the gnawed places, and you may depend on it they will cease labor in that district.

149. To Teach Darning.—If young girls are taught to darn on canvas, the method of weaving the stitches is easily explained and put into practise.

150. Bed Sheeting.—Sheeting should never be cut, but should be torn into lengths, usually two and a half yards for medium beds.

151. Browning Potatoes.—For some kinds of frying the griddle is better and has a less tendency to grease than the frying pan. Among the other things potato cakes browned on a hot greased griddle are especially crisp and delicious.

152. To Keep Bread from Souring.—You will find that light bread will not sour so quickly in summer if it is not covered when taken from the oven. This steam is unnatural and should be allowed to escape or it soaks into the bread, making it clammy and more liable to sour. Let the bread cool gradually then put a clean cloth in a large stone jar, place the bread in and cover with the cloth, before covering with the stone, or wooden lid. This keeps bread fresh and moist from one bake day to another.

153. Never Pour Scalding Water into Milk Vessels.—Never pour scalding water into milk vessels; it cooks the milk on the sides and bottom of the vessels making it more difficult to clean such articles. Rinse them first with cold water. This same rule applies to cleansing of catsup bottles.

154. The Water Pipes in the Kitchen.—The water pipes in the kitchen will not be so unattractive, if painted the color of the kitchen woodwork.

155. To Brush Fringe of a Doilie.—Do not use a comb for the fringe of doilies as it pulls out the fringe, but brush it with a nail brush.

156. Wash Suits.—Large buttons should be removed from wash suits before they are sent to the laundry.

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157. Sewing Machine Conveniences.—Always leave a piece of cloth under the presser foot of the sewing machine. This will save wear on the machine. Also it will absorb any drop of oil which might gather and spoil the first piece of fabric stitched, and will keep the needle from becoming blunted.

158. To Make a Ruffle Easily.—To make a ruffle easily, just above depth of the ruffle make a quarter inch tuck. Insert edge of ruffle under tuck, flatten down tuck over the ruffle edge and stitch on edge of tuck. If the ruffle is desired on very bottom of garment, make a quarter of an inch of tuck, leaving about half of an inch of goods underneath. Baste and stitch wrong side of ruffle to wrong side of half-inch piece, about quarter of an inch from edge. Turn back, making edge come under tuck. Flatten tuck and stitch on the edge. This will save all the trouble of bias bands, so dreaded by the dress-maker.

159. Greasing Cake Tins.—In making a cake, grease the tin with sweet lard rather than butter and sift a little dry flour over it.

160. Making Children's Petticoats.—When making children's petticoats gather the skirt to waistband before hemming the backs and then turn in with the hem, and when band gets too small and narrow across the back, all you have to do is rip out the hem and face back, and the gathers are already there properly placed; and no ripping skirt from band to adjust fullness is necessary.

161. After Cake is Removed from Oven.—A cake which has been removed from the oven should be placed on a wire stand on the stove and the steam allowed to thoroughly escape from it so as to obviate any chances of it becoming heavy.

162. When the Top Cannot be Removed from Fruit Cans.—When the top cannot be removed from a fruit can, if the lid is carefully pried at one point, so the gum can be caught, the rubber can easily be removed. It is not difficult to pull the band from beneath the metal cap.

163. Darning.—When darning must be done in the evening it is more easily done if a light colored darning ball be used.

164. In Pressing a Plaited Skirt.—In pressing a plaited skirt one will gain time and have more satisfactory results if the plaits are basted before the pressing is done. Clean the skirt and brush it on the inside. Next baste the seams, cover with a damp cloth and press on the right side with a medium warm iron. Dampen the cloth, when necessary and press until the cloth is dry.

165. Stitching Down a Seam.—After stitching down a seam, press with a hot iron, and if no seamboard is at hand, it is useful to know that a rolling pin, wrapped in a clean cloth, will answer this purpose equally as well.

166. The Color Meat Should be.—Meat should be red with the fat a clear white. The fat besides being white should be firm, and suety, and never moist. Good meat has very little smell. Bad meat shrinks considerably in boiling. Meat which is fresh and good does not loose an ounce of weight, but swells rather, when it is being boiled.

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167. Buying a New Oil Cloth.—When you are ready to buy a new oil cloth for your kitchen table, take your old one and cut it up for aprons. Have it cover the whole front of your skirt, and make a large bib on it, and you will find, when you are through doing a washing, that you will be as dry as you were before you began.

168. Galvanized Tub.—The popularity of the galvanized tub due to its weight and durability, is the cause of a great many people discarding the wringer on account of their inability to fasten it to the tub securely. If a piece of heavy cloth is hung across the tub where the wringer fastens to it, you will find that it will fasten and hold as securely as to the old-fashioned wooden tub.

169. To Remove Mildew.—Mildew, if not of too long standing, can be removed by the use of raw tomato and salt. Rub the stains with raw tomato, sprinkle thickly with salt and lay in the sun. It may be necessary to repeat the process two or three times.

170. Closed Cupboards in the Pantry.—If there are closed cupboards in the pantry use them for storing provisions kept in screw top jars. There should be brass hooks for hanging up all the articles that can be suspended from the walls.

171. Keeping a House Account.—There are fewer reckoning days if housekeepers pay cash. If they persist in running accounts for groceries and other staples they should have a book and see to it that the right price is put down the minute anything is bought.

172. Chestnuts as a Vegetable.—Chestnuts have considerable food value. The boiled and mashed pulp may be used as one would use meat or vegetable, even croquettes being made of it.

173. To Give Starch a Gloss.—A little sugar added to boiled starch will give a desirable gloss to the clothes when ironed.

174. Apples Cored for Baking.—Apples cored for baking are delicious filled with orange marmalade and a little butter and sugar.

175. Beating Eggs.—When heating eggs observe that there is no grease on the beater, as it will prevent the eggs from frothing.

176. If you judge as evil the actions of another, through the judging comes evil to you.

177. A Toy Saw.—A toy saw may be utilized many times in the kitchen for sawing meat bones which are too large.

178. If a White Dress Has Turned Yellow.—If last summer's white dress has turned yellow, put it in a stone jar, cover with buttermilk and let it stand a day and night. Then wash well and starch with blued starch. This is better to whiten goods than freezing, sunshine, or the use of borax.

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179. Scorched Food.—A practical cook says: When food has been scorched remove the pan from the fire and set into a pan of cold water. Lay a dish towel over the pan. The towel will absorb all the scorch taste sent up by the steam and the family need never know it was burned.

180. Mutton Chops to Make Tender.—Mutton chops can be made tender quite as much as lamb, if before they are boiled or fried they are allowed to simmer in just a little water on the back of the stove. This also makes the flavor more delicate.

181. Hollowing Out a Tomato.—For hollowing out a tomato, previous to stuffing, a pair of scissors enables a person to remove all the pulp without breaking the skin. They are equally useful for fruit salads as the fine skin which separates the sections of the grape fruit and oranges is easily clipped off.

182. The Easiest Way to Blacken a Stove.—The easiest way to blacken a stove is to use a flat paint brush about one and a half inches wide, and a tin or jar, large enough to receive the brush, to mix the blacking in. Apply the blacking to the stove as you would paint, and use a newspaper to polish with, which can be burned. In this way the hands do not come in contact with the blacking during the whole operation, and unsightly cloths and brushes, which soil the hands, are done away with.

183. Making Gravies.—For making gravies, thickening of roast gravies, it will be found useful to have browned flour on hand at all times, which can readily be kept in a mason jar or any covered vessel.

184. Kitchen Mittens.—Kitchen mittens can be bought in several thicknesses and sizes for various branches of housework. There are thick ones, with straps across the wrist to wear when polishing the ranges, then there are others to put on when scrubbing the sink or floors, and still thinner ones with chamois cloth inside to use for polishing silverware. These mittens are a great protection to the hands and finger-nails, and they really simplify the work to a great extent.

185. To Improve Baked Potatoes.—To improve baked potatoes let them stand in a pan of cold water for about an hour, then put them in the oven while wet. This seems to steam them and cook them much quicker.

186. Meat Shortcake.—Give your household a meat shortcake sometimes. Make the shortcake as you would for a fruit filling, a rather short biscuit dough, and put between the layers creamed chicken or creamed veal, and have it served with plenty of gravy.

187. Put a handful of coarse oatmeal in the water bottle and half fill with water. Let stand half an hour, then shake well and rinse. The bottle will look like new.

188. Making a Kitchen Apron.—In making a kitchen apron, provide it with an immense pocket in which can be carried a large dustcloth. Often one notices dusty places, on the furniture, windows or banisters while doing the morning work, and the dust-cloth is at hand. Again one has to pick up numerous little articles to throw into the waste basket and the pocket holds such articles until the waste basket is reached. It is equally handy for holding a few clothes pins, while hanging out the clothes; in fact the large pocket is recognized as something decidedly useful in the kitchen apron.

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189. To Make a Neat Buttonhole.—To make a neat buttonhole in thin white material that is likely to ravel when cut, take a piece of white soap and apply it to the back of the goods using enough to make a generous coat. Cut the buttonhole and work; you will find that the work is easily done and the buttonhole will not ravel.

190. To Mark Scallops.—To mark scallops place your thimble or spool just outside the circle line and mark around it with a pencil. In this way, any sized scallop can be made.

191. Delicate Fabrics to Clean.—Delicate fabrics can be cleaned perfectly by using gasoline with a teacupful of corn meal. The meal scours out all the spots. Place the meal in a dish, pour gasoline over it, then press and rub through the hands. Apply to soiled spots, rubbing carefully. Brush out with stiff brush.

192. When Using a Lap-Board.—While sewing a garment with the material lying on the lap-board, use glass top push pins to hold the goods on the board. One pin will oftentimes be sufficient. The pin is very sharp, and is easily thrust through the material into the board, and leaves a hole about the size of that made with a needle.

193. To Shape Cookies.—Cookies can be shaped with the bottom of a "star" tumbler. Flour the bottom of the glass and press it into the unbaked cookie until the indentions are imprinted upon the cake.

194. Have You Been Hoarding an Old Foulard Dress—One of that kind of dresses which you liked and hated to part with, but it went out of style. Get it out, clean it, rip it, and if there is not enough in it to make a scant shirt-waisted one-piece empire dress, make it into a pretty shirt-waist, with knife plaiting down the front.

195. To Wash Tarnished Brass.—Save the water in which the potatoes have been boiled, and use it to wash tarnished brass. It will come out as bright as new.

196. Sewing Lace.—When sewing two raw edges of fine lace together, like the tiny lace ruffles on lingerie blouses or dresses, do not fell it in the old-fashioned way, but place the two right sides together and bind the edge with the finest thread, making a buttonhole stitch along the edges. Put a stitch in each mesh, and you will have a neat lace seam which, when pressed, can scarcely be observed, and it will not fray.

197. Roasted Chestnuts.—Roasted chestnuts are said to be very delicious when salted the same as peanuts.

198. Mud Stains, to Remove.—Mud stains will disappear from cloth by the following method of cleansing: After brushing the dry mud away sponge the remaining stain with a weak solution of ammonia and water. This is absolutely safe to apply to black cloth. Colored goods, however, should be sponged with a solution of bicarbonate of soda as the latter does not affect coloring matter.

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199. Drop Table for Kitchen.—A woman can have a kitchen made in a very cramped quarter if she provides it with a small work table, and a drop leaf table attached to the wall. If the stationary table is covered on all sides with a curtain and furnished with an undershelf, it will hold as much as a cupboard. Two large shelves will be found very convenient, even though it will be necessary to mount a chair or stool to reach the kitchen articles. Usually extremely small kitchens are more convenient than large ones, in which many steps must be taken.

200. A Convenience for Ironing Day.—The laundress who knows how to take care of herself has a high stool with rungs for her feet, on which she may sit when she is ironing the light pieces. It will help reserve her strength for the next day's work.

201. Quickest Way to Core Apples.—One of the simplest and quickest ways to core apples for baking is to use an ordinary clothes pin.

202. To Remove Iron Rust.—Tartaric acid will remove almost any iron rust blemish from material and is excellent for removing yellow marks.

203. The Kitchen Apron.—The kitchen apron should cover the skirt and the front of the waist, though not necessarily the sleeves, as most house dresses are made with short sleeves.

204. Cookies, to Keep.—Cookies put in an earthen jar lined with clean cloth, while they are still hot, and kept covered closely, will be much more melting and crumbling than if they were allowed to cool in the air.

205. Discolored China Baking Dishes.—Discolored china baking dishes can be made as clean as when new by rubbing them with whiting.

206. Care of Drippings.—The care of drippings in the kitchen, with the price of food so high, should receive more attention. In cooking all meats, poultry, and in making soup the grease should be carefully skimmed off and saved. Render it out once a week and after a good boiling, strain through cheesecloth. When cool skim the fat off and use in place of lard,—except for pie and biscuit.

207. To Mend Rubber.—To mend rubber, use soft kid from an old glove and paste to the patch the gum of automobile paste. The leather adheres better to the gum than a gum patch.

208. Cleaning Black Woolen Clothing.—The following is a good recipe for cleaning black woolen clothing: Dissolve borax in water and saturate a sponge or cloth in the solution. Wash the greasy spots by rubbing vigorously, then rinse in clear water the same way and dry in the sun. This is especially good for cleaning men's coat collars.

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209. To Prevent Tinware Rusting.—To prevent tinware from rusting rub over with fresh lard and put in a hot oven for a few minutes before using it. If treated in this way it will never rust.

210. To Remove Machine Grease.—Cold water and a teaspoonful of ammonia and soap will remove machine grease when other means would not answer on account of the colors running.

211. To Keep Cheese From Drying.—Wring a cloth from vinegar and wrap several thicknesses around the cheese to keep it from moulding and drying.

212. Small Hand Churn.—A small hand churn makes home-made butter and cheese possible. It is no trouble whatever to make a pot of yellow butter, fresh and sweet, by the aid of one of these convenient little churns. After it is made it may be rolled into a delicate little pat and kept in an earthen jar made purposely for butter.

213. Larding a Piece of Meat.—Larding a piece of meat is a simple operation, and it is one which will greatly add to the juiciness of the dish. Cut a piece of salt pork into strips quarter of an inch thick and two or three inches long. Slip these into a larding needle and draw the needle through the meat, so either end of the pork will protrude beyond the meat.

214. To Make Vegetables Tender.—Cutting onions, turnips, and carrots across the fiber makes them more tender when cooked.

215. Clear black coffee diluted with water containing a little ammonia, will clean and restore black clothes.

216. To Make Linen Easier to Write on.—To make linen easier to write on when marking, dip the pieces you wish to mark into cold starch, rub over with hot iron and you will be able to write without the pen scratching.

217. To Air Pillows.—To air pillows, rip the corner of the ticking an inch or more. Insert a piece of rubber hose pipe a few inches long, first covering the exposed end of the tube with strong netting. Sew the ticking firmly to it and then hang all day on the line, in the air punching and shaking many times during the day. They will be light and fluffy besides being thoroughly aired and sweet and clean.

218. Uses for Pea-Pods.—Never throw away pea-pods; they give a delicious flavor to the puree for the next day.

219. To Remove the Skins of Tomatoes Quickly.—To remove the skins of tomatoes quickly, put them into a wire basket and sink it quickly into a kettle of hot water. Do not let the tomatoes stand in the water long enough to heat through, and plunge into cold water immediately from the hot. Another way is to rub the skins backward with the blunt edge of a knife. In this way the tomato does not need scalding, and according to epicures is more tasty.

220. Dyeing at Home.—In dyeing at home amateurs often make the mistake of putting the dyed article through the wringer, possibly to avoid staining the hands for one reason, or perhaps hoping to dry the garment more quickly. This however, should never be done, for the creases so formed are most obstinate and in fact, often only disappear with wear, despite all pressing. Dyed articles should be squeezed and hung out of doors to dry.

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221.—To Save Children's Shoes.—To save children's shoes wash them occasionally to remove the dirt and old polish, and soften them with oil. When any part of the sole becomes badly worn, it should be mended at once, for usually a shoe will wear out at one point more quickly than elsewhere, and by paying ten or fifteen cents to have that part mended it saves dollars in time. Gunmetal shoes are preferable for everyday wear, for such shoes are lusterless and can be cleaned with oils instead of polish, which is destructive to the best leather, even when sparingly used.

222. A Systematic Housewife.—It is a handy plan for the business woman or the housewife who has much domestic accounting to do to keep two calendars, one to tear off day by day, the other to refer back to past dates when necessary. The reference calendar which can be very small and inconspicuous should have its special hook on the desk or table.

223. To Keep Candles in Warm Weather.—Keep your candles in the ice box this warm weather. They will remain beautifully upright through a whole evening's use, if they are hardened first in this way.

224. Tea Towels.—Keep the tea towels in sight, then have them fresh, clean, and whole, and hang them on a long metal curtain pole, in a convenient place, say back of the sink. This is better than placing the towels on a nail against the wall as is usually done, and it permits them to dry out quickly.

225. A Spotless House.—A house that is spotless at the price of the family's peace or of the housekeeper's best self, is the worst sort of an investment. You, the woman, are of vastly more importance than your surroundings. If you feel yourself becoming a mere drudge, if your family is growing away from you mentally, if your nerves are weakening under a fetish of cleanliness, get time to read.

226. To Keep Flooring in Place.—Strips of moulding may be tacked around the edges of a room at the baseboard, so as to cover the edge of oilcloth or linoleum. This holds the floor covering in place and prevents dust from getting beneath it.

227. Light Colored Wall Paper.—Light colored wall paper may be cleaned by a careful rubbing with a very clean rubber of the kind which artists use. If the spot cleaned seems lighter than the surrounding color it may be toned down by a gentle rubbing with a clean chamois skin.

228. To Keep Canary Seed Away from Mice.—If there are any mice in the house, the best way to keep the canary from being robbed of its food is to empty the contents of a cardboard box of bird seed into a quart preserve jar and cover with a screw top.

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229. Convenient Scrub Bucket.—The most convenient scrub bucket is light, and is made of galvanized iron with a wide flaring top. The bucket is to be fitted with a wire soap tray on the outside, for often the soap is wasted while floating in the water if there is no convenient place to put it, while scrubbing. Holes can be punctured in the bucket and the wire tray fastened on with a heavy cord or a pliable wire,

230. Fruit Stains on Table Linen.—Fruit stains on table linen should be taken out before the cloth is put in the wash tub. Soap and water will set the stains.

231. Wicker Furniture.—Do not scrub your unpainted wicker furniture with soap and water, as it will turn it yellow and ruin its looks. Instead, try scrubbing it with a strong solution of salt water. If you have pieces that are so shabby that they must either be painted or thrown away, try the salt water treatment first. Scrub well and put in the sun and air and dry quickly.

232. Removing Dirt from Carpet.—Of all the ways to remove dirt from a carpet, the worst is by the use of the ordinary short brush which involves the housemaid's kneeling down in the dust.

233. How to Preserve the Household Broom.—The ordinary household broom will last twice as long, if care is taken of it, as it will if it is just used anyhow. When it is new, before using it, put it in a pail of hot water and let it remain there until the water is quite cold. Then thoroughly dry—in the sun if possible. Always clean it after sweeping, by dipping in water and shaking well before putting it away and occasionally give it a thorough washing in hot soda water.

234. A Good Furniture Polish.—A good furniture polish may be made of paraffin oil and turpentine. Kerosene too is very good, while crude oil may be used to darken wood that has not been varnished.

235. Delicious Salad.—Seeded raisins cut in pieces, broken nut meats, and a small part of celery in thin bits make up a delicious salad.

236. To Clean Light Rugs.—Rugs with white or very light ground may be cleaned by sprinkling with cornstarch, mixed with one-sixth its bulk of prepared chalk. Let the starch remain several hours and brush it out with a fine whiskbroom, then hang in the sun and heat well before putting down. This method is recommended for fine, silky rugs, as it injures neither tint nor texture and makes a beautifully clean surface.

237. To Light a Closet of Any Kind.—To light a closet of any kind, but especially a linen closet, the safest thing—next to electricity is a light clear glass lantern with wire guards outside the glass. Swing it by a light chain pulley, some little way in front of the shelves. Thus a touch sends it up or down, throwing the light wherever it may be needed.

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238. To Remove White Marks on Furniture.—A mixture composed of equal parts of turpentine and linseed oil will remove the white marks on furniture caused by water. Rub it on with a soft rag and wipe off with a perfectly clean duster.

239. If Your Paint Has Been Marred.—If your paint has been marred by careless scratching of matches, try rubbing it with the finest sand paper. Use a half lemon for removing match marks from paint.

240. To Remove Inkstains from Cotton.—To remove ink-stains from cotton material, place the stain over the steam and apply salt and lemon juice which will soon remove the ink.

241. To Clean Plaster-of-Paris.—To clean plaster-of-paris figures, cover with a thick coating of starch and water, let it dry on the surface and the dirt will brush off with the dry powder.

242. To Clean Piano Keys.—A cloth moistened with alcohol will clean piano keys.

243. Washing Veils.—When veils are washed at home they usually come out quite limber and flimsy. To give them the stiffness add a pinch of sugar to the rinse water.

244. To Take Candle Grease Out of Linen.—To take candle grease out of linen, place the linen between two sheets of thick white blotting paper, and set a hot iron on it, leaving it there long enough for the iron to become perceptibly cooler. If necessary repeat this until the grease is removed.

245. Cleaning the Sweeping Brush.—Try cleaning the sweeping brush with an old comb. It is a good plan, for it preserves the brush and keeps it clean, and at the same time saves your hands.

246. Bright Wood Berries May be Preserved.—Almost any kind of bright wood berries may be preserved for decorative use in the winter, by dipping in melted paraffin and putting away in a cool place until needed. Treated in this way berries will remain firm and bright for a long time, and may be used in many ways.

247. Old Wood Work to Keep Clean.—Old woodwork, that is so hard to keep clean, can be made to look like new grained wood, by first painting it with cream colored paint to give a body alike, and when dry go over it with a dark oak varnish stain; with a little practice it can be made to look like grained wood. The varnish dries quickly and leaves it darker in some places. Any old furniture can be treated in the same way.

248. To Prevent Chairs Marring the Floor.—One should have all rockers covered with half rounds of rubber to prevent the scratching of the porch floor. These rocker tires are procurable at any furniture establishment and are easily adjusted.

249. Summer Homes.—Some of the wealthiest women are furnishing their summer homes with rag rugs, instead of the handsome oriental floor coverings, that are a mark of luxury; and what seems odd to those who cannot afford to please each whim, the rooms are being repapered with simple sprigged effects and all evidences of up-to-dateness are being eliminated, to be in keeping with these copies of the colonial rag carpets.

[882 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

250. To Destroy Flies.—Flies will get into the house during the summer in spite of the greatest care. One method of catching and killing them, without having disagreeable looking fly paper lying around is to prepare a mixture of cream, sugar and pepper. Put this on a plate and they will eat greedily of it and die. They will instantly seek the open air and it is easy to brush them from the screen doors. This is an old method and a good one.

251. Successful Fern Growing.—A woman who has had her refrigerator placed on the porch has a long drain pipe to carry off the melted ice, and this is made to flow right into a large bed of ferns. The cold water in no way destroys the plants, in fact, they can endure the coldest water, and last year her ferns grew to an enormous size all due to the daily supply of water from the refrigerator.

252. Faded Crepe.—Faded crepe can be dipped into a solution of water and indigo, the water made very dark with blueing for the purpose. Dissolve in one quart of water, a teaspoonful of sugar. Lift the crepe out, and shake it and pin it to the bed to dry. As it can not be ironed pin it carefully over soft muslin with needles.

253. Sweeping as a Beautifier.—The average woman who does her own housework gets exercise enough, only it is not under the best conditions, for the air, as a rule, is not sufficiently fresh. If she wants to be benefited physically, while putting her house in order, let her make it like outdoors, with the windows wide open so the fresh air can sweep through the rooms. If necessary she can wear a jacket while making beds and sweeping, and by the time her work is done she is bound to be in a healthy glow. If she does not do housework she must go outdoors, and walk, and indeed, a little walking is desirable even for the housekeeper.

254. Putting Screens Away.—If screens were carefully put away last fall there should be little difficulty in getting them in place on the first hot fly-breeding day. The wise housekeeper writes on the top of her screen, where it is hidden from view by the upper sash, the room and window where it belongs. She also covers the wires with a coating of vaselin and stores them in a dry place with a cover thrown over them. Should the wire have become shabby and rusty looking it can be freshened up with a coat of paint. If the wires have gone into holes and are badly bulged, replace with copper wire netting. It costs more than the ordinary kind, but does not wear out nearly so soon.

255. Attractive Living Room.—The living room is sure to have a cheery atmosphere if provided with a wooden seat at either side. The wooden shelf is a good place for the clock, candlesticks, and a few simple flower vases.

[MISCELLANEOUS RECIPES 883]

256. Finger Bowl.—A finger bowel should always have a few flowers or a leaf floating around on the surface.

257. Raw Oysters.—Raw oysters are further improved by sections of lemon or sprigs of mint among the cracked ice.

258. Cheerfulness at Meals.—Meals should be something more than the consumption of food. All work stops at those times and people meet together. Nothing that can be done should be omitted to make it an occasion of agreeable interchange of thought and conversation, and when this is done, not only the body, but the mind and nerves are refreshed.

259. To Keep a Rug from Curling.—The edge of the heavy rug will not curl if treated to a coat of shellac on the under side.

260. Grease Stains on Silk.—For grease stains on silk, rub the silk with French chalk or magnesia, and then hold it to the fire. Thus the grease will be absorbed by the powder, which may then be brushed off.

261. Ironing Centerpieces.—When ironing centerpieces of tablecloths, see that the iron moves with the straight grain of the cloth. If this method is followed the circular edge will take its true line.

262. Tucking Children's Dresses.—When hand tucks are to be used on children's dresses, they should be very carefully made, and the first one kept perfectly straight to use as a guide for the others. A good way to do this is to loosen one thread, not to pull out but sufficiently draw it to show the straight line, and crease the tuck in this line. After the width of the tuck and space between each is decided use a notched card as a measure for all the other tucks.

263. A Neat Way to Mend Table Linen.—A neat way to mend table linen is to darn it with linen threads off an older tablecloth. It will look much neater than a patch sewed on. It is advisable to keep a piece of a discarded tablecloth in the mending basket for that purpose.

264. A Good Substitute for a Toaster.—If the toaster is suddenly lost, you can find a very good substitute in the popcorn popper. It can be held over the gas or before the coal fire, and the bread will toast in a few minutes.

265. To Prepare Cauliflower.—To prepare cauliflower remove all the large green leaves and greater part of stalk. Soak in cold water, to which has been added one teaspoonful of vinegar and a half teaspoonful of salt to each quart.

266. Preserving Dress Patterns.—Some women, after they have used a pattern, just roll it up and tuck it away wherever it happens, and when they want to use it the next time, it curls up and acts so that there is no doing anything with it. If they would just lay the patterns out flat and put them where they might stay that way, all this trouble would be avoided.

[884 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

267. Lace on Centerpieces.—Lace that is used on centerpieces is not fulled, but is just held in enough to lie flat. The best way to get this flatness is to draw the thread of the lace and fasten one end to the linen, leaving enough to make a neat seam, and then to adjust fullness so that it lies evenly. When right side is up one cannot see that any fullness exists.

268. Uses of Mop Handles.—Most women have found the mop handle with the handy clasp, a general utility tool. There is a great deal of unnecessary bending of the knees to the household gods. It is a painful attitude, and work that can be done just as well in a standing position, should never be done in a kneeling one.

269. Iron Holders Made from Asbestos.—Iron holders made from a piece of asbestos the desired size, and covered with drilling or heavy unbleached muslin are light and keep out the heat. There should be a ring or loop sewed to one corner to hang up the holder.

270. Washing Quilts.—To wash quilts a housekeeper gives the following directions: Dissolve a bar of white soap in a cupful of water. Run into your bath-tub sufficient water to cover one quilt; make a good suds, and put in the quilt, and let it soak for a few minutes. Do not rub, but use the washboard, top end down, to press or pound out the water and dirt. Never wring but with the wash-board press out the water. Rinse several times. When you have pressed out as dry as you can pin the quilt closely on the line to drain. When thoroughly dry, whip with a carpet beater until fluffy, before removing from the line. This method is especially fine for tied quilts. The bath tub is preferred, because of shape and water conveniences.

271. Shrinking Dress Goods.—Before making the white linen dress skirt, or any material that is liable to shrink, fold the goods carefully and place it in a tub and cover with water. Let it get thoroughly wet, stretch the clothes line as tightly as possible, hang the goods through the center, and pin perfectly straight on the line. When dry, let two persons stretch the goods as curtains are stretched, fold it with the wrong side of the material out and iron double with the seam running through the center of the goods on the length of the material. In shrinking colored prints add turpentine to the water, and it will set the color. A teaspoonful is used to a gallon of water.

272. Fixing Worn Corsets.—For stitching over worn corset stays, a wide white tape is unequaled.

273. Cooking Breakfast Food.—Don't leave the tin lid on the saucepan if you start the cereal in the evening for breakfast. It will rust and the moisture drip into the food.

274. Tough Meat to Make Tender.—Tough meat can be made tender by adding a teacupful of lemon juice to the water in which it is boiled.

275. To Preserve Pineapple.—To preserve pineapple allow only three-quarters of a pound of sugar to each pound of pineapple.

[MISCELLANEOUS RECIPES 885]

276. Hemstitching Underclothing.—Hemstitching forms a dainty finish for the household linen and underclothing, but the busy woman often will not undertake it because of the difficulty of drawing the threads. If a piece of white soap be rubbed on the underside of the cloth, where the hemstitching is to be done, the threads may be drawn with ease, in half the time that is usually required.

277. To Boil Eggs Without Cracking Them.—To boil eggs without the risk of cracking, hold them in a spoonful of boiling water before immersing them.

278. Save the Basting Thread.—Basting threads, when saved, should be wound on a spool, otherwise they get hopelessly tangled and are not used again.

279. Threading Needles.—Thread will knot less easily, if the end that is broken from the spool is run through the eye of the needle.

280. Measuring Dress Goods.—Do not measure dress goods and laces with a tape line, as it stretches the material. Use a yardstick.

281. Do Not Use Coarse Thread.—An expert needlewoman says that the reason why so much embroidery does not look attractive is that too coarse a thread is used for the work. It is not a bad rule to use a cotton a number or two finer than is recommended, unless the advice comes from one who understands embroidery perfectly.

282. Putting in a Temporary Hem.—The hem of a dress that must be lengthened after it is laundered should be turned perfectly straight and stitched with number one hundred thread. It can be easily ripped and the fine threads will not leave the usual stitched lines that one often sees when a hem is lowered.

283. Serviceable Child's Dress.—A quaint little frock that will be serviceable, can be made from a remnant of demi flouncing hemstitched on the embroidered edge. This placed at the hem, of course, and the top is gathered in Mother Hubbard style into a neck band edged with a little frill. The sleeves are in bishop style confined with bands trimmed to match the neck.

284. Convenience for the Sewing Room.—A good sized waste basket should be continually close to every sewing machine. Then it is easy to form the habit of dropping all scraps into it just as the scissors make them, instead of leaving them to litter about the floor.

285. Buttons for Future Use.—When buttons are removed from a dress for future use they should be loosely strung on a thread before being put in the button box. This is a time-saver as well as keeps the buttons from getting lost or several of a set from being used.

286. Basting Long Seams.—When basting long seams, if the edge of the material is slipped under the machine needle and the needle is lowered it firmly holds the two pieces, and one can more quickly do the work.

287.—Mending Table Linen.—A woman who is expert in mending table linen does it in this manner: A piece of linen is coated with white soap, to make it stiff and the patch is evenly trimmed. This is placed under the hole in the damask after the edges around the hole in the tablecloth are soaped and trimmed to remove the rough edge.

[886 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

288. Washing Cooking Utensils.—All the cooking utensils should be washed with soda immediately after they have been used, which will remove every trace of grease.

289. To Make Soft Soap.—Soft soap made from half a pound of shaved hard soap and two quarts of water will save the soap bill at cleaning time.

290. Separate Night and Day Pillows.—If separate night and day pillows are not used, as is now generally done, the bed will look neater if special pillow slips are kept to put on over the wrinkled pillow cases by day.

291. To Keep An Iron Sink in Good Condition.—To keep an iron sink in good condition, scrub once or twice a week with hand soap and kerosene. Every night put a little chloride of lime in the strainer and pour through it a kettleful of boiling water.

292. Steaming or Boiling Pudding.—In steaming or boiling puddings, as the water boils away add more boiling water. If cold water is added, for a short time at least, the foodstuff will not be boiling, and this state of affairs may prove disastrous to the pudding.

293. Cooking Peas.—When cooking peas do not shell them. Wash the pods and put them on to boil. When they are done the pods will break and rise to the top of the kettle leaving the peas at the bottom. They have a better flavor cooked this way.

294. Troubled With Ants.—When troubled with ants in your pantry and kitchen pour kerosene around on the edge of your shelves and on your doorstep. They will soon disappear.

295. To Exterminate Roaches.—A housewife says that a few drops of turpentine sprinkled around where roaches gather will exterminate them at once.

296. How to Economize on Gas.—More gas is wasted in the oven than elsewhere. Often one burner will suffice after the oven has been well heated. It is better to run one burner than to burn two low, as they frequently go out.

297. Less Noise in Washing Dishes.—If your cook insists in washing the dishes in the pantry while the family is still at dessert, insist upon her placing the dishes to drain upon a heavy turkish towel. It will lessen much of the clatter.

298. A Useful Article in the Kitchen.—A useful article in the kitchen is a small microscope. Show the cook how to use one. She will be so horrified if shown dates, prunes, or figs that are germ infested that she will take special pains in washing them. The microscope is also useful to examine cereals, cornmeal, buckwheat and other things which unless kept tight may be unpleasantly infected.

[MISCELLANEOUS RECIPES 887]

299. To Restore Freshness to Vegetables.—For the housewife who must practise strict economy, as well as for her who lives at a distance from the market, it is well to know that cabbage, celery or lettuce and their like which have lost the first freshness, may be restored by putting first into warm water, just comfortably warm to the hand, and after fifteen or twenty minutes, you will be surprised to note that it will have the original snappy crispness so much desired. Often the grocer will sell the second day celery and lettuce at half price. The above method will freshen same, and may make quite a saving of bills.

300. Worn Brooms or Whisks.—Worn brooms or whisks may be dipped into hot water and uneven edges trimmed off with shears. This will make the straw harder, and the trimming makes the broom almost as good as new.

301. Making Over a Heatherbloom Petticoat.—When you make over a heatherbloom petticoat, do not cut it off at the top and place the drawing string in again, and do not plait it to fit the band. Instead, place a band around the waist of the person being fitted, pin the petticoat to the band, then make large darts at each seam and cut off that superfluous material that otherwise would need to be put into gathers. It does not destroy the shape and permits the petticoat to lie smoothly over the hips.

302. The Gingham Apron for the Housewife.—The gingham apron for the housewife at her daily tasks, especially if the maid is out and she has any kitchen work to do, is imperative, and she will find the long apron that buttons over the shoulders the most acceptable.

303. After Cleaning the Sewing Machine.—After cleaning the sewing machine, several yards of stitching must be accomplished before the machine runs smoothly and without leaving marks. If you have any long seams on dark material to sew up, sew them now before attempting any light work.

304. To Remove Tangled Threads.—No doubt you often have stopped sewing and patiently picked the threads out of the bobbin under the machine plate, or around the wheels, for this often occurs, says the Woman's National Daily. Save time in the future by lighting a match and burning out the threads, then brush the ashes off and oil the parts.

305. Clothes Rack for Children.—In one home, in the rear hall, is a low rack on which children can hang their coats, hats and mittens when they come in from school. The hanger was made with two stout steel brackets and a curtain pole fitted up with hooks on which the articles were held. On one end of the pole was hung a whiskbroom, and each tot was taught its use.

306. To Remove Dust from Any White Fabric.—To remove dust from any white fabric lay the spot over a tea-kettle of boiling water. Place a cut lemon over the spot, pressing firmly. Remove occasionally, in order to allow the juice to evaporate, and the stain will disappear before one's eyes, no matter how stubborn or how deep set.

888 MOTHERS' REMEDIES

307. Amateur Dressmakers.—Amateur dressmakers will probably find it difficult to decide just how to finish the necks of the collarless frocks and waists that will be worn this summer. If the material is net, there is no prettier decoration than a band of the net piped with silk or satin and braided in a simple design. Necks of tub dresses while there is to be no contrasting yoke, may be trimmed with a threaded beading.

308. To Prevent Marks on the Dining Table.—If you have a highly polished dining table which you are afraid of spoiling, lay a piece of oilcloth on the table under the pad and you will have no trouble.

309. For Cupboard Shelves.—Put a white oilcloth on kitchen shelves instead of paper. The cloth will not turn yellow as the paper does, and can be kept clean while washing dishes.

310. Cleaning Gilt Frames.—When gilt frames or mouldings of the rooms have specks of dirt on them they can be cleaned with white of an egg, rubbed on with a camel's hair brush.

311. To Clean Kid Gloves.—Take a fine soft cloth, dip it into a little sweet milk, then rub it on a cake of soap, and rub the gloves with it. They will look like new.

312. Washing Fine Woolens.—To keep baby's sacques and socks and your own shawls and scarfs as fluffy as when new, dry and put in oven of range, shaking often between the palms while drying.

313. To Wash Grained Woodwork.—To wash grained woodwork take a half pail of hot water, add half a pound of soap chips, and boil until dissolved. Take from fire, add one pint kerosene, then boil for five minutes longer. Add one quarter of this to a half pailful of warm water. Wash woodwork thoroughly, wipe and dry, and lastly use a flannel to polish with.

314. Sewing on Buttons.—How often the mother hears the complaint: "I do wish you wouldn't sew these buttons on so tightly that I can't button them." When you start to sew on a button, before you take a stitch, lay a pin across the face of the button, and sew over the pin. Fasten your thread before you remove the pin, else you will draw the last stitch and spoil it. You will find there is a good shank to the button and yet it is perfectly secure.

315. Airing House After Meals.—After each meal, there should be another thorough airing of the lower floor in the home. No matter how perfectly the system of ventilation, it is impossible to prevent cooking odors. This airing is doubly necessary should there be smokers in the family.

316. House Cleaning Hints.—For the last few days before house cleaning, ornaments and pictures can be washed at one's convenience. They need only be removed or covered when a room is cleaned. With these preparations, the actual cleaning can be done quickly and with much less disturbance of the family routine.

[MISCELLANEOUS RECIPES 889]

317. Uses for Men's Old Silk Handkerchiefs.—Men's old silk handkerchiefs should never be thrown away when worn thin. They are just the thing for dusting the polished surface of the piano, ornaments and fine china and glass and bric-a-brac.

318.—Cleaning Fine Fabrics.—In cleaning fabrics great care should be taken not to rub them roughly between the hands. The gentle rubbing on of the solvent with a fresh cloth is sufficient.

319. To Wash White Woolen Blankets.—To wash white woolen blankets, dissolve four tablespoonfuls of good washing powder in a dipperful of boiling water and pour into a tub of warm water. Open the blanket out wide and put it in the tub and let it soak all over for a half an hour. Then rub it all over between the hands, and if there are any stains left, rub them with soap. Rinse in clear water of the same temperature as the wash water. If you do this your blankets will be soft and will not shrink. Do not rub blankets on a washboard, as it makes them hard, and blueing added makes them a dull gray color.

320. To Take Out Wagon Grease.—To take out wagon grease, which is of two kinds, that made from coal tar may be removed from cloth by an application of petroleum; the other, made from animal fat, responds to a sponging of ether.

321. Old Perspiration Stains.—Old perspiration stains may be removed by applying oxalic acid and water in solution, one part of the former to twenty parts of the latter.

322. Eyelet Embroidery.—Eyelet embroidery is one of the daintiest as well as the simplest of embroideries, and, best of all, with a little practice the work can be accomplished quite rapidly. Eyelet embroidery is equally effective done on sheer or heavy material; and neat sewing is all that is required to gain good results.

323. A Convenience for the Household.—A convenience for the household, that will be appreciated by men as well as women, is a wire rack to hang in the closet. It has a series of projecting arms upon which coat hangers may be placed without interfering with each other. This greatly augments the closet room. This rack may be slipped over an ordinary closet hook, and will accommodate five coat hangers.

324. To Turn the Hems of the Table Linen Easily and Accurately.—To turn the hems of the table linen easily and accurately, remove the needle from your sewing machine, adjust the hemmer to the desired width and pass the goods through. They are then ready for hemming by hand. You will find this saves a great deal of time, and gives you a straight, even hem.

325. Soft Wood Floors to Paint.—If a soft wood floor is glue sized, before painting, it will take less paint.

[890 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

326. Hanging Out Quilts.—When hanging out quilts and pillows, pound and brush them the first thing, and let the fresh air get into them all day. Most people do this just before taking them in. Consequently the beds did not get the proper airings.

327. Paint that Sticks to Glass.—Paint that sticks to glass can be removed with hot vinegar.

328. Books with Delicate Bindings.—Books with delicate bindings which have become soiled through much handling, can be satisfactorily cleaned by rubbing with chamois skin dipped in powdered pumice stone.

329. Cleaning Silverware.—Old tooth brushes and nail brushes, and old knitted underwear should always be reserved for cleaning silver. Nothing is better than a tooth brush for brushing the dried whiting out of the heavily chased silver or repousse work. The chamois skin is best for the final polishing. If table silver be steeped in hot soap suds immediately after being used, and dried with a soft clean cloth, a regular cleaning will not be needed so often.

330. Cleaning Crockery and Enamel.—By immersing, for a day or two in sour milk, glass, crockery or enamel ware articles may be perfectly cleaned of stains or limey accumulations from hard water. This is much better than a scouring, as the surface is not injured in any way, and every part can be reached.

331. Going to Market.—The housekeeper who goes to market rather than order by telephone will find she gets better things for less money.

332. Moths in Carpets.—If moths have attacked the carpet try putting gasoline on the edges, soaking the nap of the carpet. Also work powdered borax into the carpet wherever there is a sign of moths or under heavy pieces of furniture, which cannot easily be moved in the weekly sweeping.

333. A Serviceable Furniture Brush.—A serviceable furniture brush is made of turkey tail feathers. Take a stout twine and needle, sew the quills tightly together and cover the handle with a piece of oilcloth, smoothly stitched into place, or wrap the handle with cloth and stitch. A brush of this kind is very soft and may be used to dust any highly polished piece of furniture.

334. Uses of a Wooden Spoon.—Never use any but a wooden or silver spoon to stir anything with in cooking. Many a dish is spoiled by the cook stirring it with an iron or metal spoon. Wood is the best when any acid, such as vinegar, is used in the ingredients to be stirred.

335. Boiling Vegetables.—Boil parsnips and such vegetables with thin skins; then peel when cold. The flavor is preserved and your hands are not stained.

336. To Wash Furniture.—Furniture washed with castile soap and tepid water and rubbed with a piece of old silk will look like new.

[MISCELLANEOUS RECIPES 891]

337. Old Suitcases and Purses.—When suitcases and purses begin to show wear, coat all the spots with tan water color paint, and when perfectly dry rub over with a little sweet oil. Let stand for an hour, then rub with woolen cloth. Tan and brown shoes which have become scuffed may be treated in the same way.

338. Putting up Lunches.—Those who find the putting up of lunches a part of the daily routine may take comfort in the suggestion of one resourceful woman. When using eggs she sees to it that only a small piece of the shell is broken off from the end of one egg. The egg shell from which the piece has been cut is then washed and kept as a receptacle for jelly or jam for the noon lunch basket. The open end being protected by a piece of paper dipped in paraffin.

339. Paint Wicker Furniture.—If you must paint wicker furniture see that you buy paint that is well mixed and thinned to the proper consistency. If too thick it gets lumpy and the paint is apt to rub off on the clothes. Porch chairs which are exposed to weather should be finished with a coat of enamel to make them last longer. The coat of enamel is also more easily dusted.

340. Bureau Drawers that Stick.—Wax is better to use on the bureau drawers that stick than soap. It works better and will not catch dirt so much.

341.—Uses for Old Envelopes.—Cut out the corners from all heavy envelopes, for they are excellent for holding coins sent by mail. They always make good corner protection.

342. To Prevent Fruit from Moulding.—A layer of absorbent cotton laid over the fruit in the mouth of the fruit cans is an excellent preventive against the mould. If mould should form, it will cling to the cotton and leave the fruit clean.

343. Linoleum or Oilcloth That is Cracked.—Linoleum that is badly cracked may be improved by a filler made of ochre and boiled flour paste. After the filling is dry the linoleum may be painted.

344. Borax as a Purifier for Ice Box.—Borax is an invaluable aid to the woman who wishes to keep her ice box immaculate. It is especially desirable for use in small refrigerators where little food is kept, and where ice is kept more for the purpose of preserving butter and milk and keeping bottled water cool. Cold water with plenty of pure borax, is preferable to hot water to use in wiping off the walls of the refrigerator. It does not heat the box and, being a germ killer, it purifies everything it touches. It may also he put in the corners of the refrigerator. Its best use of all is perhaps in keeping the receptacle for the ice itself and the outside tube in pure and sanitary condition. It may be sprinkled freely over the bottom of the ice box proper and on the rack holding the ice.

345. To Clean Gilded Surfaces.—To clean gilded surfaces, dip a soft brush in alcohol to which a few drops of ammonia water have been added, and with it go over the surface. Do not rub roughly or harshly. In about five minutes the dirt will have become soft and easy of removal. Then go over the surface again gently with the same or similar brush dipped in rain water. Now lay the damp article in the sunlight to dry. If there is no sunlight place it near a warm (but not hot) stove, and let dry completely in order to avoid streaks, taking care that the position of the article, during the drying is not exactly vertical.

[892 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

346. Hints for the Housewife.—Every housewife should have plenty of waxed paper or paraffin paper about the house. It is of the greatest value in preserving eatables from the air and keeping them properly moist. In the sandwich basket it is indispensable. Cake wrapped in it will keep moist and fresh for a much longer time than if put directly into the box. When the paper has become sticky run cold water on it, and it may be used again. Cheese wrapped up in it and put in the refrigerator will keep fresh for a week.

347. Excessive Gas Light Weakens the Eyes.—When the excessive light of the gas light or the electric bulb tires weak eyes, resort to the tallow candle. For the sick room wax candles are preferred, as they never produce smoke or smell. They seem to soothe the nerves of the invalid and in this way help to produce a restful night.

348. Handy Disinfectant for the Household.—Chlorate of lime moistened with vinegar and water, equal parts, is a handy disinfectant for the household. It can be kept in the cellar, and in case of sickness a few drops scattered around the house will purify the air.

349. For Closing Windows.—A piece of bamboo, an old blind roller, or any strong smoothly rounded stick about three feet long, with a small flat piece of wood about the same thickness, twelve inches long and covered with flannel, nailed across the ends, makes an admirable and useful article for closing top windows without either going outside or standing on a stool or a chair to reach, or straining one's self with the weight to be raised upward.

[ MEDICAL DICTIONARY 893]

MEDICAL DICTIONARY
SIMPLE and PLAIN DEFINITIONS of MEDICAL TERMS
For Reference in your Newspaper and
General Reading and Throughout this Work.

Abdomen (ab-do'men). That portion of the body, lying between the thorax
and the pelvis, or "belly."

Ablution (ab-lu'shun). The act of washing or cleansing.

Abnormal (ab-nor'mal). Contrary to the usual structure or condition. Not
normal.

Abortion (ab-or'shun). The expulsion of the fetus before the sixteenth
week.

Abrasion (ab-ra-zhun). A spot rubbed bare of the skin or mucous membrane.

Abscess (ab'ses). A localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the
disintegration of tissues.

Absorbent (ab-sor'bent). Taking up by suction. A medicine or dressing that
promotes absorption.

Acid (as'id). Sour, having properties opposed to those of the alkalies.

Acidity (as-id'it-e). The quality of being acid or sour.

Acrid (ak'rid). Pungent; producing an irritation.

Acetabulum (as-et-ab'u-lum). The rounded cavity in the innominate (hip)
bone which receives the head of the femur.

Accoucheur (ah-kosh'er). An obstetrician. One who attends a woman in
confinement.

Actual Cautery (kaw'tere). Fire, a red hot iron, or the moxa, used as a
cauterizing agent.

Acholia (ah-ko'leah). Lack or absence of the secretion of bile.

Acupuncture (ak-u-punk-tur). The insertion of needles into a part for the production of counter-irritation.

Adhesive (ad-he'siv). Sticking or adhering closely.

Adipose (ad'ip-os). Of a fatty nature; fat.

Adjuvant (ad'ju-vant). An auxiliary remedy.

Adult (a-dult'). A person grown to full size and strength or to the years of manhood.

Affection (af-ek'shun). A morbid condition or diseased state.

Affusion (af-u'shun). The pouring of water upon a part or upon the body for reducing fever or correcting nervous symptoms.

Ailment (al'ment). Any disease or affection of the body.

Albuminose (al-bumin-os). A primary production of the digestion of a proteid, not coagulable by heat.

Aliment (al'im-ent). Food, or nutritive material.

Alimentary Canal (al-imen'ta-re). The portion of the digestive apparatus
through which the food passes after
mastication. The canal from the mouth
to the anus; gullet, stomach, bowel, anus.

Alkali (al'kal-i). A compound which forms salts with acids and soaps with
fats. Potash, soda, lithia, ammonia.

Alterative (awl-ter-at-iv). A medicine that produces a favorable change in
the processes of nutrition and repair.

[894 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Alveolar (al-ve'o-lar). Pertaining to an alveolus.

Alveolus (al-ve-olus). Bone socket of a tooth; air sac of the lungs, etc.

Amaurosis (am-aw-ro'sis). Blindness without any visible defect in the eye,
from disease of the optic nerve, retina, brain.

Amenorrhea (am-en-or-re'ah). Absence or abnormal stoppage of the monthly
sickness.

Amniotic Liquid (am-ne-ot'ik). A fluid enclosed within the amnion which
nourishes and protects the foetus (unborn child).

Amputation (am-pu-ta'shun). The surgical cutting off of a limb or other
part.

Amylaceous (am-il-a'she-us). Starchy.

Analysis (an-al'is-is). Separation. into compound parts or elements.

Anchylosis (Ankylosis) (ang-kil-o'sis). Abnormal immobility and
consolidation of a joint (stiff joint).

Anemia (an-e'me-ah). A condition in which the blood is deficient either in
quantity or quality.

Anastomose (an-as'to-moz). Communicating with one another, as arteries and
veins.

Anastomosis (an-as-to-mo'sis). The surgical or pathological formation of a passage between any two normally distinct spaces or organs.

Anasarca (an-ah-sar'kah). An accumulation of serum in the cellular tissues
of the body. General dropsy.

Anesthesia (an-is-the-zhe-ah). Loss of feeling or sensation of a part or
whole body.

Anesthetic (an-es-thet-ic). A drug that produces anesthesia, without the
sense of touch or pain.

Aneurism (an'u-rizm). A pulsating tumor consisting of a sac or pouch into
which blood flows through an opening in an artery.

Animalcule (anim-al'kul). Any minute animal organism.

Anodyne (an'o-din). A medicine that relieves pain.

Antacid (an-tas'id). A substance that counteracts or neutralizes acidity.

Antiphrodisiac (ant'af-ro-diz-e-ak). An agent that allays sexual impulses.

Anthelmintic (an-thel-min'tik). Destruction to worms.

Anthrax (an'thrax). A carbuncle.

Antibilious (an-te-bil'yus). Good against bilious conditions.

Antidote (an'te-dot). A remedy for counteracting a poison.

Antidysenteric (an'te-dis-en-ter'ik). Relieving, curing or preventing dysentery.

Antiemetic (an'te-e-met'ik). Arresting or preventing emesis or vomiting.

Antilithic (an-te-lith'ik). Preventing the formation of stone or calculus.

Antimorbific (anti-mor-bif 'ic). Preventing disease.

Antiperiodic (an'te-pe-re-od'ik). Serviceable against malarial or periodic recurrence.

Antiscorbutic (an'te-skor-bu'tik). Correcting or curing scurvy.

Antiseptic (an-te-sep'tik). A substance destructive to poisonous germs.

Antispasmodic (an'te-spaz-mod'ik). An agent that relieves spasms.

Antisyphilitic (an'te-sif-il-it'ik). Useful in cases of syphilis.

Anus (a'nus). The distal end and outlet of the rectum.

Apathy (ap'ath-e). Lack of feeling or emotion; indifference.

Apparatus (ap-ar-a'tus). A number of parts acting together in the
performance of some special function.

Aphasia (ah-fa'ze-ah). Defect or loss of the power of expression by
speech, writing, or signs.

Aphthous (af'thus). Pertaining to, characterized by, affected with
aphthae (thrush).

Apex (a'pex). The top or pointed extremity of any conical part.

Apnea (ap-ne'ah). The transient cessation of breathing that follows a forced respiration.

Aperient (ap-e're-nt). A gentle purgative or laxative.

Appetite (ap'et-it). A natural longing or desire, especially that for
food.

Areola (ar-e'o-lah). The colored circle round the nipple or round a
pustule. A minute space or interstice in a tissue.

Aromatic (ar-o-mat'ik). A medicinal substance with a spicy fragrance and
stimulating qualities.

Aroma (ah-ro'mah). The fragrance or odor, especially that of spice or
medicine, or of articles of food or drink.

Arthrodia (ar-thro'de-ah). An articulation or joint which allows a gliding
motion of the surfaces.

[MEDICAL DICTIONARY 895]

Articulation (ar-tik'u-la'shun). A connection between two or more bones whether allowing motion between them or not.

Articulated (ar-tik'u-la-ted). Connected by joints.

Arthritic (ar-thrit'ik). Pertaining to or affected with gout or arthritis.
Relating to inflammation of a joint.

Ascaris (as'kar-is). A worm found in the intestines.

Ascites (as-si'tez). Dropsy of the abdominal cavity.

Aspirate (as'pi-rat). To treat by aspiration. To pronounce with full
emission of breath.

Assimilation (as-sim-il-a'shun). The transformation of food into living
tissue.

Asthenic (as-then'ik). Characterized by weakness or feebleness.

Asthmatic (az-mat'ik). Affected with asthma.

Astringent (as-trin'gent). An agent that arrests discharges by causing contraction, such as tannic acid, alum, zinc, etc.

Attenuant (at-ten'u-ant). Causing thinness, as of the blood.

Atony (at'on-e). Lack of normal tone or strength.

Atrophy (at'ro-fe). A wasting or diminution in the size of a part.

Auricle (au'rik-l). The pinna or flap of the ear. The chambers of the
heart on either side above the ventricles.

Auscultation (aus-kul-ta'shun). Listening with the ear or an instrument to
organs, such as the lungs, heart, etc.

Autopsy (au-top-se). The post-mortem examination of a body.

Axilla (ak-sil'lah). The arm-pit.

Axillary Glands. Lymphatic glands situated in the arm-pit.

Balsamic (bawl-sam'ik). Of the nature of balsam.

Biennial (bi-en'ni-al). Happening Once in two years.

Bifurcation (bi-fur-ka'shun). Division into two branches.

Bile or Gall (Bil). The golden brown or greenish yellow substance secreted by the liver.

Bilious (bil'yus). Characterized by bile. Full of bile.

Blister (blis'ter). A collection of serous, bloddy or watery fluid beneath the epidermis (outer skin).

Bonchioles. A minute bronchial tube.

Bronchia (brong'ke-ah). Bronchial tubes smaller than the bronchi, and
larger than the bronchioles.

Bougie (boo-zhe'). A slender instrument for introduction into the urethra
or a large one for the rectum or other opening.

Bronchial (brong'ke-al). Pertaining to the bronchi.

Bronchitis (brong-ki'tis). Inflammation of the bronchial tubes.

Bright's Disease (britz). Inflammation of the kidneys. Any disease of the kidneys associated with albumen in the urine.

Bulbous (bul'bus). A bulb.

Cachexia (kak-ek'seah). A profound and marked state of constitutional disorder. A depraved condition of general nutrition due to some serious disease such as cancer, tuberculosis (cancerous cachexia).

Cacumen (kak-u'men). The top or apex of an organ.

Callous (kal'us). Hard.

Calcareous (kal-ka'reus). Chalky. Pertaining to or having the nature of
limestone.

Callus (kal'lus). The new growth of bony matter between the extremities of
broken bone serving to unite them.

Capillary (kap'il-la-ri). Pertaining to or resembling a hair. A minute blood vessel connecting the arterioles with the venules; very minute blood vessels.

Capsicum (kap'si-kum). Cayenne pepper.

Capsule (kap'sul). A soluble case for enclosing a dose of medicine. A fibrous or membraneous covering as of the spleen or kidneys.

Carbon (kar'bon). Charcoal.

Carbonic Acid Gas (kar-bon'ik). An acidulous liquid made by dissolving carbon dioxide in water.

Cardiac (kar'de-ak). Pertaining to the heart.

Carminative (kar-min'-a-tiv). A medicine to relieve flatulence, such as
anise, cinnamon, cloves, peppermint, soda.

Caries (ka're-ez). Rottenness. The molecular decay or death of a bone. It
becomes soft, porous and discolored.

Carotid Artery (kah-ro-tid'). The large artery in the neck.

Carpus (kar'pus). The wrist.

[896 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Cartilage (kar'til-ej). Gristle. The gristle attached to joint surfaces and forming certain parts of the skeleton.

Catamenia (kat-ah-me'ne-ah). Monthly sickness.

Cataplasm (kat'ap-lazm). A poultice.

Catarrh (kat-ahr'). Inflammation of a mucous membrane with a free
discharge.

Cathartic (kath-ar'tik). A medicine that produces free movements of the
bowels.

Catheter (kath'it-er). A hollow tube for introduction into a cavity
through a narrow canal or channel.

Caustic (kaws'tik). Burning; destructive to living tissues.

Cautery (kaw'ter-e). Application of a caustic substance or hot iron.

Cauterize (kaw'ter-iz). To scar or burn with a caustic or cautery.

Cell (sel). A small hollow cavity in any one of the minute protoplasmic masses which form organized tissues.

Cellular (sel'u-lar). Relating to or composed of cells.

Cerebellum (ser-e-bel'um). The inferior part of the brain lying below the
cerebrum and above the pons and medulla.

Cerebro Spinal (ser'e-bro-spi'nal). Pertaining to the brain and spinal
cord.

Cerebral (ser'e-bral). Relating to the cerebrum.

Cerebrum (ser'-e-brum). The main portion of the brain occupying the upper part of the cranium, and consisting of two equal portions, called hemispheres.

Cerumen (se-ru'men). Ear-wax.

Chalybeate (kal-ib'e-at). Containing or charged with iron.

Chancre (shang'ker). The primary lesion (or sore) of syphilis.

Cholagogues (ko'ia-gog). A medicine causing an increased flow of bile.

Choleraic (kol-er-a'ik). Of the nature of cholera.

Chorea (ko-re'ah). St. Vitus' dance.

Chordee (kor-dee'). Painful deflection of the penis in gonorrhea.

Chronic (kron'ik). Long continued; not acute.

Chyle (kile). The milky juice taken up by the lacteals from the food in
the intestines after digestion.

Chyme (kim). The thick grayish liquid mass into which the food is
converted by stomach (gastric) digestion.

Circulation (sir-ku-la'shun). Passing in a circle, as the circulation of
the blood.

Cicatrix (sik-a'trix). A scar; the mark left by a sore or a wound.

Clavicle (klav'ik-l). Collar-bone.

Climacteric (kli-mak-ter'ik). A period of the lifetime at which the system was believed to undergo marked changes. Now generally applied to the "change of life."

Clinical (klin'ic-al). Pertaining to bedside treatment or to a clinic.

Clonic (klon'ik). Applied to spasms where the parts are rigid and relaxed in succession.

Clyster (kli'ster). An injection into the rectum; an enema.

Coagulation (ko-ag-u-la-shun). The process of changing into a clot.

Coagulum (ko-ag'u-lum). A clot or curd.

Coagulate (ko-ag'u-Iat). To cause a clot.

Coalesce (ko-al-es'). The union of two or more parts or things.

Collapse (kol-laps'). A state of extreme prostration and depression with
failure of circulation.

Colon (ko'lon). That part of the large intestine which extends from the
caecum to the rectum.

Colostrum (ko-los'trum). The first fluid secreted by the "breast" (mammary
gland) after confinement.

Colliquative (kol-liq'wah-tuv). Characterized bv an excessive fluid
discharge.

Collyrium (kol-lir'e-um). An eye-wash.

Coma (ko'mah). Profound stupor occurring during a disease or after a severe injury.

Comatose (ko'mat-os). Pertaining to or affected with coma.

Combustion (kom-bust'yun). Burning; rapid oxidation with emission of heat.

Concussion (kon-kush'un). A violent jar or shock, or a condition resulting
from it.

Concretion (kon-kre'shun). A calculus or inorganic mass in a natural
cavity or in the tissues of an organism.

Condiment (kon'di-ment). A seasoner.

Condyle (kon'dil). The rounded eminence at the joint (articular) end of a bone.

Confluent (kon-flu'ent). Becoming merged together.

Congenital (kon-jen'it-al). Existing at or before birth.

[MEDICAL DICTIONARY 897]

Congestion (kon-gest'jun). Excessive or abnormal accumulation of blood in
a part.

Conjunctiva (kon-junk-ti'vah). The delicate membrane that lines the
eyelids and covers the eyeball.

Constipation (kon-stip-a'shun). Infrequent or difficult evacuation of
feces (bowel material).

Constriction (kon-strik'shun). A constricted part or place. Tight feeling.

Contagious (kon-ta'jus). Propagated by contagion or by immediate contact or effluvia.

Contusion (kon-tu-zhun). A bruise.

Contamination (kon-tam-in-a'shun.) Infection of the person or of matter by contact.

Convalescence (kon-val-es'ens). Getting well after an illness.

Convoluted (kon'va-lut-cd). Rolled together or coiled.

Convulsion (kon-vul'shun). A violent involuntary contraction or series of contractions of the voluntary muscles.

Cordial (kord'yel). Stimulating the heart; invigorating.

Cornea (kor'neah). The transparent anterior portion of the eyeball.

Corpse (korps). The dead body of a human being.

Corrective (kor-ek'tiv). Modifying or changing favorably.

Corroborants (kor-ob'er-ants). Aiding in proving.

Corrosive (kor-ro'siv). Eating away. A substance that destroys organic tissue either by direct chemical means or by causing inflammation and suppuration.

Counter Irritation (kown'ter-ir-rit-a'shun). A superficial irritation.

Cosmetics (koz-met'ik). Beautifying substances.

Costiveness (kos'tiv-nes). Constipated bowels.

Cranium (kra'neum). The skull or brain-pan.

Crassamentum (kras-sam-en'tum). A clot, as of blood.

Crepitus (krep'it-us). The grating of broken bones.

Crisis (kri'sis). Turning point of a disease for better or worse.

Cutaneous (ku-ta'ne-us). Pertaining to the skin.

Cuticle (ku'tik-l). The epidermis, outer or scarf skin.

Cyst (sist). A cavity containing fluid and surrounded by a capsule (covering).

Debility (de-bil-i-ti). Lack or loss of strength.

Decoction (de-kok'shun). A medicine, etc., made by boiling.

Decomposition (de-kom-po-zish'-un). Putrefying. The separation of the component parts of the body.

Deglutition (deg-lu-tish'un). The act of swallowing.

Dejection (de-jek'shun). Discharge of excrementitious material; mental depression.

Deleterious (del-e-te're-us). Hurtful; injurious.

Deliquium (de-lik'we-um). A fainting or syncope.

Delirium (de-lir'e-um). A condition of mental excitement with confusion
and usually hallucinations and illusions.

Demulcents (de-mul'sents). Soothing; allays irritation, especially of
mucous surfaces.

Dentition (den-tish'in). Teething; cutting of teeth.

Dentrifice (den'trif-is). A substance for cleansing teeth.

Duodenum (du-o-de'num). The first part of the small intestine.

Deobstruent (de-ob'stru-ent). A medicine to remove obstruction.

Depletion (de-ple'shun). Diminished quantity of fluid in the body or in a part, especially by bleeding, conditions due to excessive loss of blood or other fluids.

Depuration (dep'u-ra-shun). Purify or cleanse.

Derm (derm). The skin.

Desiccate (des-ik-at). To dry thoroughly.

Detergent (de-ter'gent). A cleansing, purifying medicine.

Desquamation (des-kwam-a'shun). Scaling; shedding of the epithelial
elements, chiefly of the skin.

Determination (de-term-in-a'shun). Tendency of the blood to collect in a
part.

Diagnosis (di-ag-no'sis). The art of distinguishing one disease from
another.

Diaphragm (di'af-ram). The membrane that separates the abdomen from the
chest cavity.

Diaphoretics (di-af-o-ret'ik). Sweating remedies.

[898 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Diathesis (di-ath'es-is). Natural or congenital predisposition to a special disease.

Dietetics (di-ct-et'iks). The science or study and regulation of food.

Dilatation (di-la-ta'shun). Stretched beyond the normal dimension.

Diluent (dil'u-ent). Makes less irritant; an agent that makes less irritant.

Discutients (dis-ku'te-ent). Remedies that scatter.

Disinfectant (dis-in-fek'tant). Agent that destroys disease germs or
renders ferments inactive.

Dislocation (dis-lo-ka'shun). The displacement of any part, especially a
bone.

Diuretic (diu-ret'ik). Agent to increase secretion of the urine.

Dorsal (dor'sal). Pertaining to the back or back of any part.

Drastic (dras'tic). Powerful acting remedy or agent.

Dyspepsia (dis-pep'se-ah). Difficult digestion. Impairment of the power or function of digestion.

Dysuria (dis-ur'e-ah). Painful or difficult passing of urine.

Dyspnoea (disp-ne'ah). Difficult or labored breathing.

Dyspragia (dys-pra'je-ah). Difficulty in swallowing.

Dyscrasia (dis-kra'ze-ah). A depraved state of the humors; abnormal composition of the blood and humors.

Ebullition (eb-ul-ish'un). The process of boiling.

Ecstacy (ek'stas-i). A kind of trance or state of fixed contemplation, with mental exaltation, partial abeyance of most of the functions and rapt expression of the countenance.

Edema (e-de'mah). Swelling due to the accumulation of serous fluid in the tissues.

Effervesce (ef-fer-ves'). To bubble; sparkle.

Efflorescence (ef-flo-res'sens). A rash or eruption.

Effluvium (ef-flu've-um). An ill-smelling exhalation, especially of a noxious character.

Effusion (ef-fu-zhun). The escape of fluid into a part or tissue.

Electrization (e-lek-tri-za'shun). The act of charging with, or treatment by, electricity.

Electuary (e-lek'tu-a-re). A medicinal preparation consisting of a powdered drug made into a paste with honey, syrup, etc.

Elimination (e-lim-in-a'shun). The act of expulsion from the body.

Emaciation (e-ma-se-a'shun). Leanness, or a wasted condition of the body.

Embryo (em'bre-o). The foetus (unborn child) in its earlier stages of development, especially before the end of the third month.

Emesis (em'e-sis). Vomiting.

Emetic (e-met-ik). Any substance that causes vomiting.

Emmenogogue (em-men'ogog). Any agent stimulating or favoring the monthly flow.

Emollient (e-mo'le-ent). Soothing or softening.

Emphysema (em-fis-e'mah). A swelling or inflation due to the presence of air in the interstices of the connective tissues.

Emulsion (e-mul'shun). An oily or resinous substance divided and held in suspension through the agency of an adhesive, mucilaginous, or other substance.

Enamel (en-am'el). The white substance that covers and protects the dentine of the crown of the teeth.

Empirical (em-pir-ic-al). Based on experience.

Encephalon (en-sef'al-on). That portion of the central nervous system which is contained within the skull or cranium.

Encysted (en-sis'ted). Enclosed in a sac, or cyst.

Endermically (en-der-mik'ally). Absorption through the skin.

Enema (en'em-ah). An injection thrown into the rectum.

Enervation (en-er-va'shun). Languor; lack of nervous energy.

Enteritis (en-ter-i'tis). Inflammation of the intestine, usually the small intestine.

Enteric (en-ter'ik). Pertaining to the intestines or bowels.

Epidemic (ep-id-em'ik). A disease which attacks many people in any district at the same time.

Epidermis (ep-id-er'mis). Outer skin; scarf skin; cuticle.

Ephemeral (ef-em'er-al). Transient; for one day or less.

[MEDICAL DICTIONARY 899]

Epigastrium (cp-a-gas'tre-um). The upper middle portion of the abdomen belly); over or in front of the stomach.

Epigastric (ep-e-gas'trik). Pertaining to the epigastrium.

Epileptic (ep-e-lep-tik). A person troubled with epilepsy.

Epiglottis (ep-e-glot'tis). The lid-like structure covering the entrance
into the larynx (upper windpipe),

Epiphora (e-pif-o-rah). An abnormal overflow of tears down the cheek,
usually due to lachrymeal stricture.

Epispastic (ep-e-spas-tik). A congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the dorsum (back) of the penis. On the female, a fissure of the upper wall of the female urethra.

Epistaxis (ep-e-stax'is). Nose-bleed.

Epithelium (ep-ith-ele'um). The covering of the skin and mucous membrane consisting wholly of cells of varying form and arrangement.

Erethism (er'e-thizm). Excessive irritability or sensibility.

Erosion (er'o-zhun). An eating or gnawing away; a kind of ulceration.

Eructation (e-ruk-ta'shun). The act of casting up wind from the stomach;
belching.

Eruption (erup'shun). A visible lesion on the skin due to disease and
marked by redness, etc.

Errhine (er'rin). A medicine that promotes a nasal discharge.

Erysipelations (er-is-ip'el-a-shuns). Pertaining to or of the nature of
erysipelas.

Eschar (e's-kar). A slough produced by burning or by a corrosive application.

Escharotic (es-kar-ot'ik). A caustic substance capable of producing a
slough.

Esophagus (e-sof 'a-gus). Gullet, extends from pharynx to stomach.

Eustachian Tube (u-sta'ke-an). The bony cartilaginous canal that extends
from the middle ear to the throat.

Evacuation (e-vak-u-a'shun). The act of emptying, especially of the
bowels.

Evacuant (e-vak'u-ant). A medicine that causes the evacuation.

Exacerbation (eks-as-er-ba'shun). An increase in the symptoms of a disease.

Exanthema (ex-an-the'mah). An eruption upon the skin; An eruptive disease.

Excision (ex-sizh'on). The cutting out of a part.

Excitant (ek-si-tent). Stimulating.

Excoriated (ex-ko-re-ated). Any superficial loss of substance, such as
that produced on the skin by scratching.

Excrement (eks-kre-ment). Fecal matter; matter cast out as waste from the
body.

Excretion (eks-kre'shun). The discharge of waste products.

Excrescence (ex-kres'ens). An abnormal outgrowth upon the body.

Exfoliate (ex-fo-le-ate). A falling off in scales or layers.

Exhalation (cx-ha-la'shun). The giving off of matters in a vapor form.

Expectorate (ex-pec'to-rat). The act of coughing up and spitting out
materials from the lungs and wind-pipe.

Expectorant (ex-pec-to'rant). A remedy that promotes or modifies
expectoration.

Exostosis (cks-os'to-sis). A bony outgrowth from the surface of a bone or
tooth.

Expiration (eks-pi-ra'shun). The act of breathing out or expelling air
from the lungs.

Extravasation (eks-trav-as-a'shun). The passing of fluid (blood, etc.) outside of the cavity or part normally containing it.

Extremities (eks-trem'it-ies). Pertaining to an extremity or end.

Exudation (eks-u-da'shun). The passing out of serum or pus in or upon the tissues.

Facial (fa'shal). Pertaining to the face.

Facet (fa'set). A small plain surface on a bone or hard body.

Fauces (faw'sez). The passage from the mouth to the pharynx (throat).

Faeces. Same as feces.

Fecal (fa'kal). Pertaining to, or consisting of feces.

Fascia (fa'she-ah). A sheet or band of tissue which invests and connects the muscles, or the areolar tissue, forming layers beneath the skin or between muscles.

Farinaceous (far-in-a'se-us). Of the nature of flour or meal.

Febrifuge (feb'rif-ug). A remedy that allays fever.

Febrile (feb'ril). Feverish; pertaining to fever.

Femur (fe'mur). The thigh-bone. The bone from the hip to the knee.

[900 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Ferruginous (fer-ru'gin-us). Containing iron or iron-rust.

Fetid (fe'tid). Having a rank or foul smell.
Fetor (fe'tor). Stench or offensive odor.

Fibrin (fib'rin). A whitish proteid from the blood and serous fluids of
the body.

Filtration (fil-tra'shun). The passage of a liquid through a filter.

Fistula (fis'tu-lah). A narrow canal or tube left by the incomplete healing of abscesses or wounds and usually transmitting some fluid, either pus or the secretions or contents of some organ or body cavity.

Flaccid (flak'sid). Weak, lax and soft.

Flatulence (flat'u-lense). Distended with gas in stomach or bowels.

Flatus (fla'tus). Gas, especially in the stomach and bowels.

Flexible (flex'ib-l). That which may be bent without breaking.

Flocculent (flok'u-lent). Flaky, downy, or wooly.

Flooding (flud'ding). A copious bleeding from the womb.

Flush (flush). A redness of the face or neck.

Flux (flux). An excessive flow of any of the excretions of the body,
especially feces.

Foetus (fe'tus). Same as fetus, The child in the womb after the end of
third month, called embryo before that time.

Fomentations (fo-men-ta'shun). Treatment by warm and moist applications to
a part to relieve pain or inflammation.

Formula (for'mu-lah). A prescribed method of preparing a medicine.

Fracture (frak'tur). The breaking of a part, especially of a bone.

Friction (frik'shun). The act of rubbing.

Fumigation (fu-mig-a'shun). Disinfection by exposure to the fumes of a
vaporized disinfectant.

Fungus (fung'gus). Anyone of a class of vegetable organisms of a low order
of development, including mushrooms, toadstools, moulds, etc.

Function (funk'shun). The normal, special or proper action or office of
any part or organ.

Fundament (fun'da-ment). The foundation or base of a thing.

Fungous (fung'us). Of the nature or resembling a fungus.

Galvanization (gal-van-iz-a'shun). Treatment by galvanic electricity.

Ganglion (gang'le-on). Any mass of gray nervous substance that serves as a center of nervous influence.

Gangrene (gang'gren). The mortification or non-molecular death of a part.

Gargle (gar'gle). A solution used for rinsing the mouth and throat.

Gastric (gas'tric). Pertaining to the stomach.

Gestation (ges-ta-shun). Pregnancy.

Gelatinous (gel-at'in-us). Like jelly or softened gelatine.

Genital (gen'it-al). Pertaining to the organs of generation or reproduction.

Gland. An organ that separates any fluid from the blood; or an organ which secretes something essential to the system or excretes waste materials the retention of which would be injurious to the body.

Glottis (glot'is). The space between the vocal cords, together with the larynx, which is concerned in voice production.

Gluteus (glu-te'us). One of the large muscles of the buttock.

Glandular (glan'du-lar). Pertaining to the nature of a gland.

Granular (gran'u-lar). Made up of, or containing granules or grains.

Granulation (gran-u-la'shun). The formation in wounds of small rounded fleshy masses.

Grumous (gru'mus). Clotted. Lumpy.

Guttural (gut'tur-al). Pertaining to the throat.

Habit (hab'it). The tendency to repeat an action or condition.

Hallucination (hal-lu-sin-a'shun). Perception of an object, etc., which has no external existence, as by sight, sound, smell, taste, or touch.

Hectic (hek'tik). Associated with consumption and with septic poisoning.
Due to absorption of toxic substances.

Hematemesis (hem-at-em'es-is). The vomiting of blood.

Hemorrhage (hem'-or-rej). Bleeding. An escape of blood from the vessels.

Hepatic (hep-at-ik). Pertaining to the liver.

Hereditary (her-ed'-it-a-re). Derived from ancestry or obtained by inheritance.

[MEDICAL DICTIONARY 901]

Heredity (he-red'-it-e). The inheritance of qualities or of diseases from a ncestry.

Hematuria (hem-at-u'-reah). The discharge of urine containing blood.

Hematosis (hem-at-o'sis). The process of the formation of blood; also its arterialization in the lungs.

Hemiplegia (hem-e-ple'jeah). Paralysis of one side of the body.

Hernia (her'neah). Rupture. Breach.

Hydragogue (hi'drag-og). A purgative that causes copious liquid discharges.

Hydrargyrum (hi-drar'gir-um). Mercury or quicksilver.

Hydrogen (hi'-dro-gcn). A light inflammable gaseous element, odorless and
tasteless.

Hydrothorax (hi-dro-tho'rax). The presence of a serous fluid in the
pleural cavity.

Hydrophobia (hi-dro-pho'bia). Acute infectious disease communicated to man
by the bites of an animal suffering from rabies.

Hygiene (hi'-gen). The science of health and its preservation.

Hyperesthesia (hi-per-es-the'zeah). Excessive sensibility of the skin or
of a special sense.

Hypochondrical (hi-po-kon'-dri-kal). Affected with hypochondriasis, morbid
anxiety about the health.

Hymen (hi'men). The fold of mucous membrane that partially occludes the
vaginal orifice.

Hypnotic (hip-not'-ik). Inducing sleep.

Hypertrophy (hi-per'tro-fe). An increase in the size of a tissue or organ independent of the general growth of the body.

Hypodermic (hi-po-der'mik). Applied or administered beneath the skin.

Hypogastrium (hi-po-gas'treum). The lower median anterior region of the abdomen.

Hysterical (his-ter'ikal). Pertaining to or affected by hysteria.

Ichor (ikor). An acrid thin puriform discharge. [transcriber's note: pus]

Idiopathic (id-eo-path'ik). Not dependent upon another disease or upon a
known or recognized cause.

Idiosyncrasy (id-eo-sin'kras-e). A habit or quality of body or mind
peculiar to any individual.

Ileum (il'-e-um). The tower portion of the small intestine terminating in
the cecum.

Ileus (il'-e-us). Severe colic due to intestinal obstruction.

Iliac (il'-e-ak). Pertaining to the ilium or to the flanks.

Iliac Region. One of the regions into which the abdomen is divided. Flank
region.

Illuminant (il-lu'min-ant). That which aids in lighting up a part, cavity
or organ for inspection.

Impotence (im'-po-tens). Lack of power. Especially of sexual power in the man.

Imbecility (im-bes-il'-it-e). Feebleness of mind, congenital or acquired.

Immersion (im-mer'shun). The plunging of the body into a liquid.

Inanition (in-an-ish'un). Emptiness; wasting of the body from starvation.

Incontinence (in-kon'tin-ens). Inability to restrain natural discharges
like the urine, feces, etc.

Incubation (in-ku-ba'shun). The period between the implanting of an
infectious disease and its manifestation.

Incisor (in-sis'-or). Any one of the four front teeth of either jaw.

Incubus (in'-ku-bus). A heavy mental burden.

Indigenous (in-dij'-en-us). Native; originating or belonging to a certain locality or country.

Indigestible (in-dij-es'tibl). Not susceptible of digestion.

Indisposition (in'-dis-po-zish'-un). Slight illness.

Induration (in-du-ra'shun). Hardening. The process of hardening.

Infection (in-fek'-shun). The communication of disease from one person to another, whether by effluvia or by contact, mediate or immediate.

Infiltration (in-fil-tra'-shun). The accumulation in a tissue of
substances not normal to it.

Inflammation (in-flam-ma'shun). A morbid condition characterized by pain,
heat, redness and swelling, etc.

Infusion (in-fu'shun). Steeping; to extract the active principles of
substance by means of water, but without boiling.

Ingestion (in-gcs'-shun). The act of taking food, etc., into the body.

Inguinal (in'gwin-al). Pertaining to the groin.

Injection (in-jek'-shun). The act of throwing a liquid into a part, such as the rectum or a blood vessel.

[902 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Inoculation (in-ok-u-la'shun). The insertion of a virus into a wound or abrasion in the skin in order to communicate the disease.

Inspiration (in-spi-ra'shun). The act of drawing air into the lungs.

Inspissation (in-spis-sa'shun). To make thick by evaporation or absorption of fluid.

Integument (in-teg'um-ent). The covering of the body; the skin.

Intercostal (in-ter-kas'tal). Situated between the ribs.

Intermittent (in-ter-mit'-ent). Occurring at intervals.

Intestines (in-tes'-tins). The bowels.

Ischuria (is-ku're-ah). Suppression or retention of the urine.

Joint. An articulation between two bones; more especially one which admits of more or less motion in one or both bones.

Jugular (ju'gu-lar). Pertaining to the neck.

Labia (la'beah). Two folds of skin, etc., of the female genital organs; lips.

Labium (la'-bi-um). A lip or lip-shaped.

Lacerated (las'er-a-ted). Torn; of the nature of a rent.

Laceration (las-er-a'shun). The act of tearing; a wound made by tearing.

Lactation (lak-ta'shun). Suckling. The period of the secretion of milk.

Lachyrmal (lak'ri-mal). Pertaining to the tears or to the organs secreting and conveying tears.

Lacinating (la'sin-a-ting). Tearing; darting or sharply cutting.

Lacteal (lak'-te-al). Pertaining to milk

Larynx (lar'inx). The organ of the voice, situated between the base of the
tongue and the trachea.

Larva (lar'-vah). The first stage of the insect development after leaving
the egg and in which the organism resembles a worm.

Laxative (lak'-sat-iv). Mildly cathartic. Loosening.

Laryngoscope (lar-in'-go-skop). A mirror attached to a long handle for
examining the interior of the larynx.

Laryngotomy (lar-in-got'ome). The operation of cutting into the larynx
(incising the larynx).

Lesion (le'zhun). An injury, wound or morbid structural change.

Lethargy (lith-ar-gi). A condition of drowsiness or stupor that cannot be
overcome by the will; also a hypnotic trance.

Leucorrhea (lu-kor-re'-ah). A white, muco-purulent discharge from the
vagina and womb, popularly called "the whites."

Ligature (lig'-at-ur). A thread or wire for tying a vessel, etc.

Ligament (lig'-am-ent). Any tough fibrous band which connects bones or supports viscera (internal organs).

Linctus (link'-tus). A thick syrupy medicament to be taken by licking.

Liniment (lin'-im-ent). Any oily preparation to be rubbed upon the skin.

Lithontriptic (lith-on-trip'-tik). An agent that dissolves renal stones.

Lithotomy (lith-ot'o-me). The removal of a stone by cutting into the
bladder (cystotomy).

Lithotrity (lith-ot'ri-te). The crushing of a calculus (stone) within the
bladder by a lithotrite (instrument).

Livid (li'vid.) Discolored from the effects of congestion or contusion.

Lochia (lo'keah). The discharge from the vagina that takes place during the first week after child-birth.

Lumbago (lum-ba'go). Neuralgia of the loins.

Lumbar (lum'bar). Pertaining to the loins.

Lymph (limf). A transparent slightly yellow liquid of alkaline reaction which fills the lymphatic vessels.

Lymphatic (limfat'-ic). Pertaining to or containing lymph.

Maceration (mas-er-a'shun). The softening of a solid by soaking.

Macula (mak'-u-lah). A stain or spot; especially one upon the skin not
elevated above the surface.

Malaria (mah-la'riah). A fever disease, now known to be caused by a blood
parasite.

Malarial (mal-a'real). Pertaining or due to malaria.

Malformation (mal-for-ma'shun). Deformity. An abnormal development or formation of a part of the body.

Malignant (mal-ig'nant). Bad. Threatening life.

Malleolus (mal-le'o-lus). A hammer-headed process of bone.

Mania (ma'ne-ah). A variety of insanity characterized by wild excitement, hallucinations, delusions and violent tendencies.

Mamma (mam-mah). The breast. Mammary gland.

Marrow (mar'o). The fatty substance contained in the medullary canal of long bones and in the interstices of the cancellous bone.

[MEDICAL DICTIONARY 903]

Mastication (mas-tik-a'shun). The chewing of food.

Maturation (mat-u-ra'shun). The formation of pus.

Matrix (ma'trix). The womb. The groundwork in which anything is cast.

Meatus (me-a'tus). A passage or opening.

Medulla Oblongata (med-ul-lah oblong-at'-a). An organ or ganglion of the brain which connects the spinal cord with the pons.

Menses (men'sez). Monthly flow from the womb.

Menstrual (men'stru-al). Pertaining to menstruation.

Menstruum (men'stru-urn). A solvent.

Metastasis (met-as'tas-is). The transfer of a diseased process from a primary focus to a distance by the conveyance of the causal agents through the blood vessels or lymph channels, like mumps from face to the scrotum.

Metatarsus (met-ah-tar'-sus). The bones of the foot—situated between the (instep) tarsus and toes.

Miasm (mi'asm). Anything harmful contaminating the air.

Micturition (mik-tu-rish'-un). The act of passing urine.

Midwife (mid'wif). A female nurse who attends women in childbirth.

Minim (min'-im). About a drop.

Mitral valves (mit'ral). The valves that control the opening from the left auricle to the left ventricle.

Morbid (mor'bid). Pertaining to disease or diseased parts.

Morbific (mor-bif 'ik). Producing disease.

Morbus (mor'bus). Disease.

Mucous Membrane (mu'kus). A membrane that secretes mucus.

Mortification (mor-tif-ik-a'shun). See gangrene.

Mucilage (mu-cil'ij). A solution of gum in water.

Mucus (mu'kus). A viscid liquid.

Narcotic (nar-kot'-ik). A drug that produces stupor.

Nausea (naw'sheah). Sickness at the stomach with an inclination to vomit.

Navel (n-a'vet). The umbilicus.

Nauseant. (naw'she-ant). Nauseating; producing nausea.

Necrosis (nek-ro'sis). The death of cells surrounded by living tissue.

Nephritic (nef-rit'-ik). Pertaining to nephritis (inflammation of the kidneys).

Nervine (nur'-vin). Acting upon the nerves.

Neuralgia (nu-ral'-jeah). Severe pain along a nerve without any
demonstrable structural changes in the nerve.

Neurasthenia (nu-ras-then-iah). A group of symptoms resulting from
debility or exhaustion of the nerve centers.

Nocturnal (nok'-tur-nal). Pertaining to the night.

Node (nod). A knob. Protuberance.

Normal (nor'-mal). Conforming to natural law or order.

Nostalgia (nos-tal'-je-ah). Homesickness.

Nostrum (nos'trum). A quack; secret medicine.

Nutritious (nu'trish'us). Nourishing.

Obtuse (ob-tus'). Dull.

Obesity (obes'it-e). An excessive development of fat.

Oedema (e-de'mah). An infiltration of serum in a part; watery swelling.

Obstetrics (ob-stet'-riks). Care of women during pregnancy, confinement
and after.

Occipital (ok-sip'it-al). Pertaining to the back part of the head
(occiput).

Olfactory Nerves (ol-fak'-to-re). Nerves of smell.

Omentum (o-men'tum). An apron. A fold of the peritoneum connecting the abdominal organs with the stomach.

Ophthalmia (off-thal'-meah). Inflammation of the eye.

Opiates (o'-pe-ats). A preparation of opium.

Optic (op'tik). Pertaining to vision or to the science of optics.

Optic nerve. Nerve of sight.

Orthopnea (or-thop-ne'ah). A condition marked by quick and labored breathing and relief is only had by remaining in an upright position.

Ossific (os-if '-ik). Producing bone.

Ossification (os'if-ik-a'shun). The formation of bone.

Ovary (o'var-e). One of a pair of glandular organs giving rise to ova (eggs).

Ovariotomy (o-va-re-ot'-o-me). Removal of an ovary.

Ovum (o'vum). An egg; the reproductive cell of an animal or vegetable.

[904 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Oxygen (oks'e-gen). A colorless, tasteless, odorless gas.

Palate (pal'-at). The roof of the mouth.

Palpitation (pal-pit-a'shun). A fluttering or throbbing, especially of the
heart, of which a person is conscious.

Palliative (pal'-e-a-tiv). An agent that relieves or soothes the symptom
of a disease without curing it.

Panacea (pan-a-se'ah). A cure-all.

Papilla (pap-il'-ah). A small nipple-like eminence.

Paracentesis (par'-ah-sen-te'-sis). Puncture of the wall of a cavity of the body, such as the chest, drum membrane, etc.

Paralytic (par-ah-lit'ik), Affected with paralysis.

Paralysis (par-al'-is-is). "Palsy." A loss of motion or of sensation in a
part.

Paraplegia (par-ah-ple'jeah). Paralysis of the lower half of the body or
of the lower extremities.

Parasite (par'ah-sit). An animal or vegetable living upon or within
another organism, termed the host.

Paroxysm (par'oks-izm). The periodic increase or crisis in the progress of
a disease.

Patella (pat-el'-ah). The knee cap.

Pathology (path-ol'-oje). The branch of medical science that treats of the modifications of functions and changes of structures caused by disease.

Pathognomonic (path-og-no-mon'ik). Characterized by a disease distinguishing it from other diseases.

Parturient (par-tu're-ent). Giving birth; being in labor.

Parturition (par-tu-rish'-un). The act of giving birth to young.

Pediculus (pe-dik'-u-lus). The louse.

Pelvis (pel'-vis). A basin or basin-shaped cavity. The bony ring formed by
sacrum and coccyx and innominate bones.

Pepsin (pep'-sin). A ferment found in the gastric juice, and capable of
digesting proteids in the presence of an acid.

Percussion (per-kush'-in). Striking upon a part to ascertain the condition
of the underlying organs.

Pericardium (per-e-kar'de-um). The closed membranous sac enveloping the
heart.

Pericarditis (per-e-kar'-di-tis). Inflammation of the pericardium.

Perineum (per-e-ne'um). That portion of the body included in the outlet of the pelvis, bounded in front by the pubic arch, behind by the coccyx, and ligaments and on the sides by the projections of the ichium.

Periodicity (pcr-e-o-dis'ite). Recurrence at regular intervals.

Periosteum (per-e-os'teum). Covering of parts of the bone except where the
tendons and ligaments are attached to the joint surfaces.

Peristaltic (per-e-stal'tik). Pertaining to peristalsis, an wave-like
motion seen in the tubes, like bowels, etc.

Perflation (per-fla-shun). To blow through.

Petechia (pet-e-keah). A small spot beneath the epidermis due to an effusion of blood.

Permeate (per'me-at). Passing throughout.

Permeable (per'me-able). Capable of affording passage.

Phagedenic (fag-ed-en'ick). Relating to phagedena, a rapidly spreading destructive ulceration of soft tissues.

Phalanges (fa-lan'ges). Plural of phalanx. Bones of the fingers or toes.

Pharynx (far'-inx), The throat.

Phlegmatic (fleg-mat'-ik). Indifferent, apathetic.

Phlebotomy (fleb-ot'o-me). Opening of a vein for blood letting.

Phlegmon (fleg'mun). An inflammation characterized by the spreading of a purulent or fibro-purulent exudate within the tissues.

Phthysical (tiz'ik-al). Pertaining to consumption (phthisis).

Physiognomy (fiz-e-og'no-me). The countenance.

Plethoric (pleth'o-rik). A state characterized by an excess of blood in the vessels and marked by a reddish color of the face, full pulse, etc.

Pleura (plu'rah). The serous membrane enveloping the lung and lining the inner surface of the chest cavity.

Pleurisy (plu'rise-e). Inflammation of the pleura (pleuritis).

Plexus (plex-us). A network, especially an aggregation of vessels or
nerves forming an intricate network.

Polypus (pol'e-pus). A tumor having a pedicle, found especially on mucous
membranes, as in the nose, etc.

Pregnancy (preg'nan-se). Woman with child; state of being pregnant.

[MEDICAL DICTIONARY 905]

Prescription (pre-skrip-shun). A formula written by a doctor to the druggist, designating substances to be administered.

Post-mortem (post-mor'tem). An examination of a body after death.

Potable (po'ta-bl). Drinkable.

Prognosis (prag-no'sis). A judgment in advance concerning the duration,
course and termination of a disease.

Prophylactic (pro-fil-ak'tik). An agent that prevents the development of
disease.

Prolapsus (pro-lap'sus). Falling downward.

Pruritus (pru-ri'tus). Intense itching.

Pseudo (sudo). A prefix meaning false.

Ptyalism (ti'-al-izm). Salivation.

Puberty (pu'ber-te). The period at which generative organs become capable of exercising the function of reproduction.

Purperal (pu-ur'per-al). Pertaining to, caused by, or following childbirth.

Pulmonary (pul'mon-are). Pertaining to the lungs.

Pulmonitis (pul-mon'itis). Inflammation of the lungs. Better term is pneumonia.

Pulp. The soft part of fruit.

Pungent (pun'jent). Acrid, penetrating, producing a painful of prickling
sensation.

Purgative (pur'ga-tiv). A drug producing copious discharges from the
bowels.

Purulent (pu'rul-ent). Having the character of or containing pus.

Pus (pus). A liquid inflammation product made up of cells (leukocytes) and
a thin fluid called liquor pures.

Pustules (pus'tuls). Small circumscribed elevations of the skin containing
pus.

Putrid (pu'trid). Rotten.

Putrefaction (putre-fak'shun). The decomposition of animal or vegetable matters effected largely by the agency of nucro-production of various solid, liquid and gaseous matters.

Pylorus (pi-lo'rus). The circular opening of the stomach into the
duodenum.

Pyrosis (pir'os-is). Heartburn; a burning sensation in the gullet and
stomach with sour eructation, due to acid dyspepsia.

Rectum (rek'tum). The lower part of the bowel (of the large intestine).

Recurrent (re'kur'ent). Returning.

Refrigerant (re-frig'er-ant). Coating, lessening fever.

Regimen (rej'im-en). The systematic regulation of the diet and habits for some special purpose.

Regurgitate (re-gur-je'-tat). Flowing back or against a normal direction.

Resolution (rez-o-lu'shun). The return of a part to a normal state after a pathologic (disease) process.

Resolvents (rez-ol'vent). An agent that causes resolution.

Respiration (res-pir-a'shun). The act or function of breathing; the act by which air is drawn in and expelled from the lungs, including inspiration and expiration.

Restorative (res-tor'a-tiv). Prompting a return to health or
consciousness.

Resuscitation (re-sus-sit-a'shun). The bringing back to life of one
apparently dead.

Retina (ret'in-ah). The delicate innermost tunic and perceptive structure of the eye, formed by the expansion of the optic nerve and covering the back part of the eye as far as the "ora serrata."

Revulsion (re-vul'shun). The diverting of disease from one part to another by the sudden withdrawal of the blood from the part.

Rheum (rum). Any watery or catarrhal discharge.

Rubefacient (ru-be-fa'shent). An agent that reddens the skin.

Rigor (rigor). The rigidity or stiffening which follows after death, due to congestion of the "muscle plasm."

Saccharine (sak'kar-in). Sugary; of a sweet taste.

Salvia (sal've-ah). Sage.

Salutary (sal'u-ta-re). Favorable to the preservation and restoration of health.

Sanative (san'at-iv). Promoting health; health.

Sanies (sa'ne-ez). A fetid, ichorous discharge from a wound or ulcer, containing serum, pus and blood.

Scab (scab). The crust of a superficial sore.

Sanitary (san'it-are). Promoting or pertaining to health.

Sanitation (san-it-a'shun). The establishment of conditions favorable to health.

Sanguine (sang-gwine). Abounding in blood. Ardent; hopeful.

Scarf-skin (scarf-skin). The epidermis.

[906 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Scirrhus (skir'rus). A hard cancer.

Sciatic (si-at'ik). Pertaining to the ischium (bone).

Scorbutic (skor-bu'tik). Pertaining to or affected by scurvy.

Scrotum (skro'tum). The pouch which contains the testicles and their accessory organs.

Scrofulous (skrof 'u-lous). Affected with or of the nature of scrofula.

Sebaceous (se-ba'shus). Pertaining to sebum or suet.

Sedative (sed'at-iv). A remedy that allays excitement.

Sedentary (sed'en-ta-re). Sitting habitually; of inactive habits.

Seminal (sem'in-al). Pertaining to seed or semen.

Serum (se'rum). The clear portion of any animal liquid separated from its more solid elements; especially the clear liquid which separates in the clotting of blood from the clot and the corpuscles.

Serous (si'rus). Pertaining to or resembling serum.

Semiflexion (sem-e-flek'shun). The position of a limb midway between bending and extension.

Senile (se'nil). Of or pertaining to old age.

Septic (sep'tik). Produced by or due to putrefaction.

Sialagogues (si-al'-ag-og). An agent that produces a flow of saliva.

Sinapism (sin'ap-izm). A mustard plaster.

Sinew (sin'yu). The tendon of a muscle.

Slough (sluf). A mass of dead tissue in or cast out from living tissue.

Sewerage (su'er-ej). Drainage.

Solution (so'lu'shun). A liquid containing dissolved matter.

Solvent (sol'vent). Capable of dissolving.

Sordes (sor'dez). The dark brown foul matter which collects on the lips
and teeth in low fevers (typhoid, etc.).

Spasm (spazm). A sudden, violent, involuntary rigid contraction due to
muscular contraction.

Speculum (spek'u-Ium). An instrument for dilating the opening of a passage
or cavity of the body to view the interior.

Specific (spe-sif 'ik). A remedy especially indicated for any particular
disease.

Sphincter (sfingk'ter). A ring-like muscle which closes a natural orifice.

Spinal Cord (spi'nal). The cord-like structure contained in the spinal canal.

Spleen (spleen). One of the so-called ductless glands.

Sporadic (spo-rad'ik). Occurring here and there, scattered.

Squamous (skwa'-mus). Scaly or plate-like.

Stertorous (ster'torus). Snoring. breathing.

Sternum (ster'num). Breast bone.

Stertor (ster'tor). Snoring or sonorous breathing, especially that of
sleep or of coma.

Stethoscope (steth'o-skop). An instrument for ascertaining the condition
of the organs of circulation and respiration.

Stimulant (stim'u-lant). Producing stimulation. Increasing the heart's
action.

Stool (stool). The fecal discharge from the bowel.

Stomachic (stom'ak-ik). Pertaining to the stomach.

Strangury (stran-ju-re). Slow and painful discharge of the urine.

Stricture (strik-tur). Abnormal narrowing of a canal, duct or passage.

Strumous (stru'mus). Scrofulous.

Struma (stru'mah). Scrofula.

Stupor (stu-por). Partial or nearly complete unconsciousness.

Styptic (stip-tik). Astringent. To arrest hemorrhage by means of astringent quality.

Subcutaneous (sub-ku-ta'neus). Beneath the skin.

Submaxillary (sub-max'il-la-ri). Situated beneath the jaw.

Sudor (su'dor). Sweat or perspiration.

Sudorifics (sudor-if-iks). Sweaters.

Suppurate (sup'pu-rat). To produce pus.

Suture (su'tur). A surgical stitch or seam; an unmovable joint.

Symptom (simp'tom). Any evidence of disease or of a patient's condition.

Synocha (sin'-o-kah). A continued fever.

Syncope (sin'-co-pe). A swoon, fainting, or a faint. Sudden failure more or less of the heart's action.

Syphilis (sif'i1-is). A venereal disease (pox).

Syringe (sir'inj). All instrument for injecting liquids into any vessel or cavity.

Tepid (tep'id). Luke warm.

[MEDICAL DICTIONARY 907]

Tetanic (tet'an-ik). Pertaining to or of the nature of tetanus.

Tertian (tur'shan). Recurring every third day.

Tetanus (tet'an-us). An acute disease due to the bacillus tetani, in which there is a state of more or less persistent tonic spasm of some of the voluntary muscles.

Tibia (tib'eah). The inner bone of the leg (below the knee).

Therapeutics (ther-ap-u'tiks). The science and art of healing.

Thorax (tho'raks). The chest.

Testicles (tes'tik-kl). The two glands which produce semen.

Tendon (ten'don). A band of dense fibrous tissue forming the termination of a muscle and attaching the latter to a bone.

Tense (tens). Stretched.

Tension (ten'shun). The act of stretching.

Tincture (tink'tur). A solution of the medicine principle of a substance
in a fluid other than water or glycerol.

Tonsils (ton'sils). Small almond-shaped masses between the pillars of the
fauces on either side.

Torpid (tor'pid). Not acting with normal vigor and facility.

Torpor (tor'por). Sluggishness.

Tormina (tor'minah). Griping pains in the bowels.

Trachea (tra-ke-ah). The wind-pipe.

Tracheotomy (trake-ot'o-me.) The formation of an artificial opening into
the trachea, cutting into the trachea.

Transpiration (tran-spi-ra'shun). The discharge of air, sweat or vapor
through the skin.

Tubercles (tu'ber-kl). Any mass of small, rounded nodules produced by the bacillus of tuberculosis.

Transudation (trans'-u-da'tion). The passing of liquid through a membrane.

Tumefaction (tu-me-fak'-shun). A swelling. Puffiness.

Tumor (tu'mor). Morbid enlargement.

Tympanum (tim'pa-num). The middle ear.

Typhoid (ti'foid). Resembling typhus.

Typhus (ti'-fus). A contagious fever characterized by a petechial (spotted) eruption, high fever and great prostration.

Ulcer (ul'-ser). An open sore other than a wound.

Ulna (ul'nah). A bone of the forearm on the side opposite that of the
thumb.

Urea (u-re'ah). A white, crystallizable substance from the urine, blood
and lymph.

Ureter (u-re'-ter). The tube that conveys the urine from the kidney to the
bladder.

Urethra (u-re'thra). A membranous canal extending from the bladder to the
surface.

Urine (u'rin). The fluid secreted by the kidneys, stored in the bladder
and discharged through the urethra.

Uric Acid (u'rik a'sid). One of the nitrogenous end products of
metabolism, found in the urine and spleen.

Uterus (u'ter-us). The womb.

Uvula (u'vu-lah). The pendulum (tip) of the soft palate.

Vaccine (vak'sin). The virus used in vaccinating.

Variolus (va-ri'o-lus). Pertaining to or of the nature of smallpox.

Varicose (var'ik-os). Swollen, knotted and tortuous blood vessels.

Vagina (vaj-i'-nah). A sheath. The canal from the slit of the vulva.

Vaginismus (vaj-in-iz'-mus). Painful spasm of the vagina due to local
oversensitiveness.

Valetudinarian (val'e-tu-din-a-re-an). A person of infirm or feeble habit
of body.

Vascular (vas'ku-lar). Pertaining to or full of vessels.

Venery (ven'er-e). Sexual intercourse.

Venous (ve'nus). Of or pertaining to the veins.

Venesection (ven-a-sek'shun). The opening of a vein for the purpose of bleeding.

Ventilation (ven-til'a-shun). The act or process of supplying fresh air.

Vermifuge (ver'mif-uj). Having the power to expel worms.

Ventral (ven'-tral). Pertaining to the belly side.

Ventricle (ven'trik-l). Any small cavity.

Vertebra (ver'te-brah). Anyone of the thirty-three bones of the spinal column.

Vertigo (ver'tig-o). Giddiness; dizziness.

Virulent (vir'u-lent). Exceedingly noxious or deleterious.

[908 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

Virus (vi'rus). Any animal poison; especially one produced by and capable of transmitting a disease.

Viscus (vis'-kus). Pl.-Viscera (vis'-er-a). Any large interior organ in either of two great cavities of the body, especially the abdomen.

Vesiccant (vis'ik-ant). Causing blisters.

Vesication (ves-ik-a'shun). The process of blistering.

Vesicle (ves'ik-al). A small sac containing fluid.

Veterinary (vet'-er-in-a-re). Pertaining to domestic animals and their
diseases.

Vitreous Humor (vit'-re-us yu'-mor). The transparent jelly-like substance
filling the posterior chamber of the eye.

Volatile (vol'-at-il). Tending to evaporate rapidly.

Vulnery (vul-ne-ra-re). Pertaining to or healing wounds.

Vulva (vul'-vah). The external fleshy part of the female organs of generation.

Whites (whitz). Leucorrhea or leukorrhea.

Zymotic (zi'mot'ik). Caused by or pertaining to zymosis.

Zymosis (zi-mo'sis). Fermentation. The propagation and development of an infectious disease known by the growth of bacteria and their products. Any infectious or contagious disease.

[MEDICAL INDEX 909]