The Writings of Thomas Jefferson, Vol. 1 (of 9) / Being His Autobiography, Correspondence, Reports, Messages, Addresses, and Other Writings, Official and Private

by Thomas Jefferson

INDEX TO VOL. I.

• Adams, John—His views on Articles of Confederation, [33].
  • Appointed Minister to England, [63].
  • His presentation at the Court of St. James, [436].
• Adams, Samuel—His character, [121].
• Agriculture—Its superiority to all other pursuits, [403], [465].
  • That of England and France compared, [549].
• Aliens—Who are and who are not aliens, [530].
• Algiers—(See [Barbary States]).
• America, U. States of—Imperfections of Articles of Confederation, [78].
  • A New Constitution for, necessary, [78].
  • Views of U. States prevalent in Europe, [407], [413].
  • Views of public affairs of U. States in A. D. 1785, [423].
  • English calumnies against, [427].
  • Hostile feeling of England against, [429], [464], [541], [550], [563], [604].
  • Low reputation of, in Europe, [513].
  • Extravagance of the people, [550].
  • Summary of news from, [349].
• Antoinette, Maria—Her character, [88], [101].
• Arms—Supply of, for Congress, [603].
• Army, Revolutionary—Virginia troops, [235].
  • Continental troops, [235].
  • Disasters in South, [241], [249].
  • Success in Canada, [202].
  • Supplies of men, provisions and ammunition from Virginia for the Southern Army, [243], [244], [245], [246], [247], [249], [251], [252], [253], [254], [256], [260], [262], [263], [273], [274], [285], [288], [302], [304].
  • The movements of the Southern Army, [291], [294], [296], [298], [299], [300], [302], [303], [309].
  • Expedition against Canada, [206].
  • Military movement in Va., [207].
  • Process of the War, [211].
  • False account of our battles circulated in Europe, [207].
• Articles of Confederation—(See [Confederation]).
• Asquith, Lister—Relative to his imprisonment in France on charge of being engaged in contraband trade, [583].
• Astronomy—Discoveries in, [447], [516].
• Austria—Relations between the Emperor and the Dutch, [346], [353], [355], [358], [365], [400], [405].
  • Relations between Austria, Russia, and Turkey, [400].
  • Treaty of Commerce with, [510], [523], [566], [571].

• Balloons—Experiments with in France, [354], [441].
• [Barbary] States—Naval alliance against proposed, [65], [591], [606].
  • It fails, [67].
  • Disposition of towards U. S., [401], [413], [428].
  • Relations of U. S. with, [376], [393], [557], [560], [565], [570], [572], [575], [584], [591], [601].
  • A mission to, advisable, [406].
  • Mr. Barclay sent on the mission to Morocco, [416], [474].
  • Letter to Emperor, [418].
  • Instructions to Mr. Barclay, [420].
  • Inquiries to be made by him, [421].
  • Mr. Lambe sent on mission to Algiers, [376], [438], [457], [474], [581].
  • Embarrassments occasioned by his delay, [376], [385].
  • Remanded to America to give information in respect to mission, [581].
  • His equivocal conduct, [605].
  • Passports for ministers, [471].
  • American prisoners, [439], [477], [601].
  • Negotiations with the Tripolitine minister, [551].
  • Naval war against, advisable, [591].
• Boston Port Bill—Effects of its passage on colonies, [6].
  • Proceedings thereon in Va. Assembly, [6].
  • June 1st, appointed day of general fasting, humiliation and prayer, [7].
• Boundary—Between Pennsylvania and Virginia, [399].
• Burgesses, Virginia House of—Proceedings in, on Stamp Act, [4].
  • Distinguished members, [4].
  • Tone and political views of members, [5].
  • Proceedings on Boston Port Bill, [6].
  • Dissolved by Governor, [7].
  • Recommended sending members to Continental Congress, [7].
  • Also to elect delegates to meet at Williamsburg, [7].
  • Their action, [8], [9].

• Camden—Battle of, [263].
• Capitol of Virginia—Model for from France, [46].
• Carmichael, Mr.—The estimation in which held at Court of Spain, [526].
• Carr, Peter—Letter of advice to in respect to education, &c., [395].
• Chancery Courts—Expediency of introducing trial by Jury in, [37], [49], [50].
• Cherbourg, Port of—Its fortification, [587].
• Church, Episcopal—Its first establishment in Virginia, [38].
  • Character of its clergy, [38].
  • Dissenters from constitute a majority, [38].
  • Its overthrow as an establishment, [39], [174].
  • Its maintenance advocated particularly by Pendleton and Robert C. Nicholas, [39].
• Cincinnati, Society of—History of and objections to, [334].
• Citizenship—Act defining it, [40].
• Clarke, Col.—His success at St. Vincennes, [221].
  • Expedition against Indians, [339], [359], [381], [382], [395].
• Colonies, American—Resistance to mother country, [5].
  • Tone and views of different parties, [5].
  • Resistance to Governor, [5].
  • Summary view of relations between and the mother country, [8].
  • Summary view of their rights, [124].
  • Their grievances, [201].
• Commerce—Commercial treaties under Confederation, [60].
  • Powers of Congress over, [349].
  • Proposition to exempt merchant vessels from seizure in time of war, [62].
  • Commercial treaties with European powers, [62], [371], [455], [459], [465], [478], [487].
  • Benefits of, [404].
  • Expediency of investing Congress with control of, [425], [475], [487], [531].
  • Commercial relations with France, [378], [386], [491], [499].
  • Commercial relations with Austria, [511], [512], [523].
  • The commerce of the U. States, [597].
  • Programme of commercial treaties with European powers, [350], [360], [371].
• Committees of Correspondence—Their origin, [6], [115], [124].
• [Confederation], Articles of—Report of committee appointed to prepare, [26].
  • Debates thereon in Continental Congress, [27], [28], [29], [30], [31].
  • Adoption thereof, [36].
  • Executive power lodged in Committee, [54].
  • The Committee splits into factions, [54].
  • Character of Congress under, [58].
  • Imperfections of Articles of Confederation, [78].
  • New Constitution necessary, [78].
  • Financial embarrassments under Confederation, [83].
  • Powers of over commerce, [349], [425], [475], [487].
• Congress—Proceedings of Continental Congress, [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19].
  • Address by to people of Great Britain, [11].
  • Character of Congress under Confederation at Annapolis, [58].
  • Instructions of Va. to her delegates to Continental Congress, [122], [142].
• Constitution, Federal—Mr. Jefferson's views on, [79].
• Consuls—Consular Convention with France, [85].
  • Consuls not recognized by Law of Nations, [426].
• Convention—The Assembly of the Convention to amend constitution, [79].
• Cornwallis, Lord—His military movements in South, [291], [294].
• Criminal Code—Revision of Criminal Code of Va., [43].
  • Whether punishment of death should be abolished, [45].
  • Bill proportioning crimes and punishments, [146].
• Currency—Notes on Money Unit, [53], [162].
  • Coinage for U. States, [475].

• Davies, Col. Wm.—Recommendation of for Commissioner of War Office, [301].
• Debt, Domestic—Condition of, [369], [472], [578].
• Debt, Foreign—Condition of, [82], [369], [471], [510], [512], [519], [546], [566], [576].
  • Interest on, [357].
• Debt, Revolutionary—Interest not paid during war, [546], [561].
  • On what principle paper debt redeemed, [595].
• Declaration of Independence—Moved in Continental Congress by Va. delegates in conformity with instructions, [12].
  • Debates on that motion, [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17].
  • Action thereon, [17], [18].
  • Committee appointed to prepare, [17], [18].
  • Report of Committee, [19].
  • Copy of rough draught of Declaration, [19], [20].
  • Facsimile of rough draught of Declaration, [26].
  • History of circumstances attending the Declaration of Independence, [118].
  • Necessity of separation from mother country, [207].
• Denmark—Claim against for prize money, [461], [489].
  • Money paid, [522].
  • Commercial relations of U. S. with, [571].
• Dumas, M.—His personal standing in France and Holland, [527], [568].
  • Debt due to, [528].
  • His mission to the Hague, [593].

• Eclipse—The eclipse of 1778, [310].
• Education—General system of, [347].
  • Letter of advice from Mr. Jefferson in relation to, [395].
  • Relative advantages of foreign and domestic education, [467].
• England—Commercial treaty with impracticable, [64], [541], [543], [550], [552], [553].
  • Hostile feelings towards U. States, [429], [464], [541], [550], [563], [604].
  • England and France compared, [549].
  • Relations of U. States with, [557], [560], [561], [576].
  • Debt of U. S. to, [563].
  • Incites Indians against our people, [604].
• Entails—Abolition of in Va., [37], [138].
• Episcopal Church—Its first establishment in Virginia, [38].
  • Character of its clergy, [38].
  • Dissenters from in the majority, [38].
  • Its overthrow as the established Church, [39], [174].
  • Resisted by Pendleton and Nicholas, [39].
• Europe—Political condition of, [346], [353], [355], [358], [365], [366], [400], [435], [442], [453], [509], [559], [605].
  • Relations between Emperor and Dutch, [346], [353], [355], [358], [365], [400], [405], [412].
  • Relations between Austria, Russia and Turkey, [400].
  • Mr. Jefferson's views of Europe, [444].

• France—Influence of American Revolution on, [69].
  • Financial embarrassments of, [69].
  • Assembly of Notables convened, [70].
  • They refuse to vote supplies, [70].
  • Constitutional reforms, [71].
  • Abuses of old government, [86].
  • Assembling of States General, [87].
  • Progress of the Revolution, [87].
  • Constitution of States General, [87].
  • Character of King and Queen, [88], [101].
  • Severity of winter of 1788-9, [88].
  • Importation of bread-stuffs from America, [89].
  • Riots, [89], [97].
  • Opening of States General, [90].
  • Early debates and difficulties in organizing, [91].
  • Tiers Etat constitute themselves the National Assembly, [92].
  • Conduct and policy of Court party, [92].
  • Royal session, [94].
  • Popular demonstrations, [94].
  • Disaffection of soldiery, [95].
  • Part of Nobles and Clergy join Tiers Etats, [95].
  • New Constitution for France, [96], [103].
  • Military interference by Government, [96].
  • Mr. Neckar expelled from ministry, [96].
  • The new Court Ministry, [97].
  • Bastile taken, [98].
  • Resignation of Court Ministry and recall of Mr. Neckar, [100].
  • Flight of aristocracy begins, [100].
  • Views on the execution of King and Queen, [101].
  • The Neckar Ministry, [102].
  • Great reforms of National Assembly, [103].
  • Divisions spring up in popular party, [103].
  • Friendly relations between France and U. S., [456].
  • Relations between France and England, [381].
  • England and France compared, [549].
  • Mr. Jefferson's views of French people, [187], [395], [549].
  • Commercial relations with U. S., [378], [386], [491], [499], [561], [567], [586], [589].
• Franklin, Benj.—His views on Articles of Confederation, [31].
  • Visits to from Jefferson, [108].

• Gates, Gen.—His disasters in the South, [241], [249].
  • Supplies for from Virginia, [243], [244], [245], [246], [247], [248], [249], [250], [251], [252], [253], [254], [256], [260], [262], [263], [273], [274], [285], [288], [302], [304].
  • Consolations of Jefferson on his failures, [314].
• Geology—[516].
• Greene, Gen.—His military movements in South, [291], [294], [296], [298], [299], [300], [302], [303], [309].

• Hamilton, Gen.—His detention as prisoner of war, [231], [232], [233], [237], [258], [267].
• Henry, Patrick—His connection with Revolution, [116].
  • His eloquence, [4].
• History, Natural—Objects of, [500].
  • The grouse, pheasant, elk, &c., [506], [507], [519].
  • The big bones of the West, [323].
  • Whether animals degenerate in America, [340].
• Honfleur, City of—Relative to making it a free port, [579].
• Hopkinson, Mr.—His views on Articles of Confederation, [34].
• Houdon—His Statue of Washington, [513], [533].
• Humphreys, Col.—Testimonial of his character, [538], [568].

• Independence, Declaration of—First moved in Continental Congress by the Delegates from Va., in obedience to instructions, [12].
  • Debates on that motion, [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17].
  • Action of Congress thereon, [17], [18].
  • Committee appointed to prepare Declaration, [17], [18].
• Independence, Declaration of—Report of Committee, [19].
  • Copy of rough draught of Declaration, [19], [20], &c.
  • Facsimile of rough draught of Declaration, [26].
  • History of the circumstances attending the Declaration, [118].
  • Separation from mother country necessary and inevitable, [207].
• Indians—Expeditions of Clarke and Shelby against, [221].
  • Expedition by Clarke, [239], [259], [281], [282], [295].
  • England incites them against our people, [604].
• Ireland—Commerce with U. S., [478].

• Jefferson, Thomas—His Family, [1], [2].
  • His birth, [2].
  • His early education, [2].
  • Elected to Virginia Legislature, [3].
  • Endeavors to have slavery abolished in Va., [3].
  • His marriage, [4].
  • Student at William and Mary College, [4].
  • Resolutions against Stamp Act, [4].
  • Proceedings thereon in Va., [4].
  • Appointed member of Continental Congress, [10].
  • Elected to Va. Legislature after separation from England, [36].
  • Brings in bill for establishing courts of justice, [36].
  • Also declaring that tenants entail shall hold their lands in fee, [36].
  • Appointed member of committee to revise laws of Va., [42].
  • Overthrow of landed aristocracy of Va., [49].
  • Elected Governor of Va., [50], [216].
  • His resignation in favor of Gen. Nelson, [50].
  • Appointed Commissioner to France, [50].
  • Declines in favor of Dr. Lee, [51].
  • Appointed minister plenipotentiary to negotiate peace, [51].
  • Declines at first, but accepts afterwards, [51], [313], [321].
  • Prepares to sail, [322], [324], [326].
  • His detentions, [327], [332].
  • Treaty of peace being concluded before he sails, he resigns and returns home, [52], [329], [330], [331].
  • Appointed delegate to Congress, [52].
  • Executive powers of Confederation to lodge in committee, [54].
  • Committee split into factions, [54].
  • Appointed minister plenipotentiary to negotiate treaties with foreign nations, [60].
  • Sails for Europe, [60].
  • Appointed minister to France, [63].
  • Subjects of negotiation with France, [64].
  • Visit to South of France, [72].
  • Dislocated wrist, [72].
  • Takes management of European debt of U. S., [83].
  • Visit to Holland and journey along Rhine, [85].
  • Refuses to aid in framing Constitution for France, [103].
  • Consultation at his house in Paris among the leaders of liberal party of France, [104].
  • His views of French revolution, [106].
  • His views of the French people, [107].
  • His return to U. S., [107].
  • Appointed Sec'y of State, [108], [176].
  • Visits Franklin, [108].
  • A summary of his public services, [174].
  • Love affair in Williamsburg, [181], [186], [188], [190].
  • Relative to his residence in Williamsburg; friends and things there, [184], [193], [194].
  • Loss of his library and papers by fire, [193].
  • His opinion of Ossian, [196].
  • Member of the association against importing goods from England, [197].
  • His love of music, [209].
  • His views of Europe, [444].
  • His salary as minister insufficient, [452].
• Judiciary—Jefferson's views on, [81].
  • Expediency of introducing jury trial in chancery courts, [37], [49], [50].

• Kentucky, State of—Danger of her secession, [518].

• La Fayette—Presentation of bust of, by Virginia to City of Paris, [403], [514].
  • Grant of land to, [533].
• Lambe, Mr.—His mission to Algiers, [376], [581].
  • Embarrassments resulting from his delay, [376], [385].
  • Remanded to America to give information in reference to his mission, [581].
  • His conduct equivocal, [605].
• Land—Colonial tenure of, [138].
• Lands, Public—Best disposition to be made of, [347].
  • Ordinance in relation to, [407].
• Lands—Purchase of by Congress, [423].
  • Land office, [423], [430].
  • Sale of, [430].
• Law, International—Proposition to introduce new principle in, [62].
  • Free ships free goods, enemy's ships enemy's goods, [62].
• Laws of Virginia—Revision thereof, [42], [45].
• Ledyard, John—Expedition to explore western part of American Continent, [68].
  • Defeated by Empress of Russia, [68].
• Leslie, Maj. Gen.—Letter from to Cornwallis intercepted, [271].
• Lexington, Battle of—Account of killed and wounded, [207].
• Loans—European loans to U. S., [210].
• Louis XVI.—His Character, [88], [101].
• Luzerne, Chevalier de—His appointment as minister to U. S., [350].

• Madison, James—His character and early history, [41].
• Map—Map of Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Maryland, [536].
• Maria Antoinette—Her character, [88], [101].
• Mason, George—His character, [41].
• Mathews, Col.—Prisoner of war, [231], [232], [233].
• Monroe, Col. James—His character, [555].
  • His marriage, [590].
• Morocco—(See [Barbary States]).
• Muskets—Improvement in the manufacture of, [412], [514].
• Music—New musical instrument, [504].

• Netherlands—Insurrection against Stadtholder, [73].
  • France promises assistance, [73].
  • Difficulties compromised, [77].
• Notables, Assembly of—Notables convened, [70].
  • They refuse to vote supplies, [70].
  • Make reforms in constitution, [71].
• Nova Scotia—Relations of with U. S., [488].

• Office—Question whether a citizen has right to decline office, [420].
• Oglethorpe, Gen.—His claim to certain lands in Georgia, [499], [500], [501].
• Ossian—Jefferson's opinions of Ossian's poems, [199].
• Otto, M.—His mission to U. S., [346].

• Peace—Ratification of at Annapolis, [55], [56].
  • Debate thereon, [56], [59].
• Pendleton, Edmund—His character, [37].
  • Opposed to abolition of entails, [37].
  • Also to abolition of church establishment in Va., [39].
• Penitentiary—Model for Virginia penitentiary, [46].
  • Question as to solitary confinement, [46], [47].
• Pennsylvania—Boundary between and Virginia, [399].
• Peyrouse, M.—His expedition, [454], [602].
• Phillips, Gen.—Point of etiquette between him and Jefferson, [308].
• Platina—Its Uses, [505].
• Portugal—Treaty of commerce with defeated, [64].
  • Proposed again, [406], [458], [460], [492], [539], [543], [551].
• Post Office—Postal arrangements between France and the U. S, [410].
  • Rascalities of French and English post offices, [442].
• Posts, Western—Refusal of England to surrender them, [450].
• Primogeniture—Its abolition in Va., [43], [39], [138].
• Prisoners of War—The Saratoga prisoners, [202], [268], [276].
  • Case of Col. Hamilton, [231], [232], [233], [237], [258], [267].
  • Case of Col. Mathews, [231], [232], [233].
  • Jefferson's attention to Saratoga prisoners, [278].
• Prizes—Claim against Denmark for prize money, [461], [522].
  • Against France, [364], [374], [392].
• Prussia—Commercial negotiations with, [355], [368], [372], [382], [416], [469].
  • Bad health of King of, [586].
  • His death and the effects of in Europe, [586].

• Religion—Bill establishing religious freedom, [45].
• Revolution, American—Its early stages, [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20].
  • Association against importing foreign goods, [197].
  • Outbreak at Boston, [199], [202].
  • Tone of Colonies, [201], [203], [204].
  • Expedition against Canada, [202], [206].
  • Military movement in Va., [207].
  • Progress of the war, [211].
  • History of, [535].
  • Disasters in South, [241], [249].
  • False accounts of the war propagated in Europe, [207].
• Richmond, City of—Removal of government from Williamsburg to, [40].
• Riedesel, Gen. de—His imprisonment in Albemarle, [240].
• Russia—Relations between Russia, Austria and Turkey, [400].

• Science—Discoveries in, [364], [446], [516].
  • Scientific news of Europe, [364].
• Short, Mr.—Appointed Jefferson's private Secretary, [407], [411].
• Slavery—Effort to abolish arrested by royal veto, [3].
  • Views of different sections of U. S. on, [377].
• Slaves—Their first importation into Va., [38].
  • First law prohibiting their importation, [38].
  • Bill relative to, [48].
  • Prospective emancipation proposed, but defeated, [49].
  • King's veto to bill abolishing, [135].
• Steam—Its application to mills, [543].
  • To navigation, [543].

• Territory, North-Western—Right of Va. to controverted, [315].
• Timber—American ship timber, [488].
• Tobacco—Shipments of to England, [488].
  • Trade in with France, [343], [362], [515], [547], [561], [563], [577], [600].
• Treasury—State of our finances in Europe, [450].
• Troops—Virginia troops in Continental service, [235].
  • Continental troops, [235].
• Turkey—Relations between Turkey, Austria and Russia, [400].

• United States—Imperfections of Articles of Confederation, [78].
  • They require remodelling, [78].
  • Views of U. S. prevalent in Europe, [407], [413].
  • Account of public affairs in 1785, [423].
  • English calumnies against, [427].
  • Bad reputation of in Europe, [513].
  • Extravagance of people of, [550].
  • Summary of news from at different times, [349].
• Universities—Relative merits of Universities of Rome and Geneva, [466].

• Vergennes, Ct. de—Conference with, [576].
• Virginia—Abolition of entails, [37], [138].
  • Primogeniture, [39], [43], [138].
  • Church establishment, [38], [39], [174].
  • Revision of her code, [43], [45], [146].
  • History of by Girardin, [50].
  • The lawyers of Va., [217].
  • Right of Va. to Western territory controverted, [315].
  • Boundary between Va. and Pennsylvania, [399].
  • Her militia in Southern army, [266], [249], [250], [256], [285].
  • Her supplies for Southern army, [243], [244], [245], [246], [247], [248], [249], [250], [251], [252], [253], [254], [256], [260], [262], [263], [273], [274], [285], [288], [302], [304].
  • Model of capitol of Va., [432], [434], [578].
  • Notes of Va., [6], [297], [340], [464], [528], [531], [536].
  • Supplies of arms from France, [570], [600].
  • Invasion of Va., [265], [266], [267], [269], [270], [271], [273], [274], [275], [278], [282], [284], [288], [290], [291], [304], [306].

• Washington, George—Expression of Mr. Jefferson's esteem for, [326].
  • Statue of by Houdon, [513], [533].
• Western Country—Division of into States, [587].
• William and Mary College—Character of, [48].
  • Change in its organization, [50].
• Williamsburg—Removal of government from to Richmond, [40].
• Wilson, Mr.—His views on Articles of Confederation, [35].
• Wythe, George—His character, [41].
  • His biography, [111].

• Yorktown, Battle of—Congratulations of Jefferson to Washington on that battle, [314].