INDEX.

Aberration, perhaps indicated universally, [16], [17], [18].
Aborigines, insect, unimportant for climatal modifications, [25], [26], [27].
Acalles, the Canarian type of, apparent on the Salvages and Dezertas, [124].
—— Neptunus, Woll., perhaps a state of A. argillosus, [124].
Achatina Eulima, Lowe, its extinction in Porto Santo, [131].
Achenium Hartungii, Heer, a form of A. depressum, [65].
Acherontia Atropos, Linn., its introduction into Madeira perhaps recent, [74].
Adimonia, the capture of, out at sea, [150].
Aëpus marinus, Ström., pallid hue of, [64].
—— Robinii, Lab., pallid hue of, [64].
Agabus bipustulatus, Linn., unaffected by climate, [31].
Alligators, their peculiarity to S. America, [143].
Alpine species, some peculiarly so, [40].
Altitude and latitude, sometimes reciprocal, [35], [114].
Amyeterus, its concentration in Australia, [143].
Amyot, M., his 'Méthode Mononomique,' [164].
Analogies, Lord Bacon on the importance of, [13];
why necessary to be studied, [14].
Analogy, argument from, [10], [11], [12].
Anchomenus marginatus, Linn., slightly modified in Madeira, [38].
Andes, dissimilarity of the fauna on the opposite sides of the, [146].
Anobium striatum, Oliv., unaffected by climate, [31].
Antennæ, joints of, said occasionally to vary, [96].
Anthicus bimaculatus, Illig., variability of, near the sea, [63].
—— fenestratus, Schmidt, slightly modified in Madeira, [38].
—— humilis, Germ., variability of in salt places, [63].
—— instabilis, Hoffm., pallid hue of, [64].
Anthonomus ater, Mshm, very small in Lundy Island, [58], [73].
Aphelocheirus æstivalis, Fabr., the hemelytra of, sometimes fully developed, [100].
Aphodius nitidulus, Fabr., paler in Madeira than in Europe generally, [65].
Aphodius plagiatus, Linn., usually black in England, [61];
two distinct states of, indicated, [105].
Apocyrtus, its concentration in the Philippine Islands, [143].
Apotomus, common to Madeira and Sicily, [139].
Argutor, always apterous in Madeira, [82];
trophi of, almost identical with those of Calathus, [175].
Armadillos, their peculiarity to S. America, [143].
Armitage, Mr., on Cicindela fasciatopunctata from Mount Olympus, [41].
Arrangement, a lineal one is not indicated in Nature, [163].
Atlantic continent, Prof. E. Forbes on the former existence of, [137].
Atlantis of the ancients, the impossibility of its being identified with a former Atlantic region, [140];
perhaps the New World, [141].
Atlantis, the genus, a modification of Laparocerus, [143].
Azores, the colonization of, by two Madeiran Helices, [133].
Bacon, Lord, on the importance of analogies, [13];
on the Atlantis of the ancients, [141];
on the necessity of observation for forming science, [159].
Banksias, their concentration in Australia, [142].
Barriers, natural, the difference between primary and recent, [145];
their hindrance to insect diffusion, [145].
Bembidium Atlanticum, Woll., paler in Porto Santo than in Madeira, [66];
the variations to which it is subject, [107], [108].
—— bistriatum, Dufts., paler in saline districts, [62].
—— ephippium, Mshm, pallid hue of, [64].
—— obtusum, Sturm, varies in southern latitudes, [33].
—— pallidipenne, Illig., pallid hue of, [64].
—— saxatile, Gyll., variety of, on the south coast of England, [60].
—— Schmidtii, Woll., perhaps a state of B. callosum, [66].
—— scutellare, Germ., pallid hue of, [64].
—— tabellatum, Woll., perhaps a state of B. tibiale, [66].
Berginus, common to Madeira and Sicily, [139].
Black Rat, nearly exterminated in England, [178].
Blemus areolatus, Creutz., paler in brackish places, [62].
Bolitochara assimilis, Kby, smallness of, in the Scilly Islands, [73].
Boromorphus, common to Madeira and Sicily, [139].
Brachinus crepitans, Linn., two distinct sizes of, frequently indicated, [105].
Bradycellus fulvus, Mshm, apterous in Madeira, [85].
Bread-fruit Trees, their peculiarity to the South Sea Islands, [142].
Calathus, apterous in Madeira, [82]; its trophi almost identical with those of Pristonychus, [175].
—— complanatus, Koll., varies from altitude, [39];
variety of, on one of the Madeira Islands, [88].
—— fuscus, Fabr., slightly modified in Madeira, [38], [85].
Calathus melanocephalus, Linn., smallness of, in the Scilly Islands, [73].
—— mollis, Mshm, variable in its wings, [43];
lurid colour of, [64].
Calcareous soils, effect of, on the aspect of insects, [66].
Calceolarias, their concentration on the Andes, [142].
Calosoma, a species of, ten miles from shore, [147];
the genus, mergescgradually into Carabus, [175].
—— Syncophanta, Linn., its power of crossing the sea, [147].
Canary Islands, migratory direction of their insect population, [119].
Carabidæ, inconstant in their organs of flight, [43];
family of, nearly similar throughout in its oral organs, [174].
Carpophilus hemipterus, Linn., unaffected by climate, [31].
Caulotrupis conicollis, Woll., large size of, on one of the Madeira Islands, [88], [109].
—— lucifugus, Woll., varies from isolation, [90], [109].
Causes, never final ones which we investigate, [191].
Centrinus, its concentration in S. America, [143].
Ceutorhynchus contractus, Mshm, smallness of, in Lundy Island, [59], [73].
Cholovocera, common to Madeira and Sicily, [139].
Choreius ineptus, Westw., on a winged state of, [44].
Chorosoma miriforme, the development of the wings of, [100].
Chrysomela, apterous in Madeira, [82].
Chrysomelæ, vary from altitude, [41].
Chrysomelidæ, almost absent in Tierra del Fuego, [47].
Cicindela fasciatopunctata, Germ., a state of C. sylvatica [41].
Cicindelidæ, often variable, [41].
Cillenum laterale, Sam., lurid hue of, [64].
Cimex apterus, Linn., the development of the wings of, [100].
—— lectularius, Linn., on the development of the wings of, [45].
Cistela sulphurea, Linn., its variability near the sea, [60].
Clausilia deltostoma, Lowe, a Porto-Santan form of, [134].
Climatal modifications significant, although small, [42].
Climate, not important as a disturbing cause, [23], [24], [31], [32], [42].
Clouded-yellow Butterfly, unaffected by climate, [31].
Clypeaster pusillus, Gyll., differs slightly in Madeira, [65].
Coast, inconstancy of insects in the vicinity of the, [57].
Coccinella 7-punctata, Linn., unaffected by climate, [31].
Colias Edusa, Fabr., unaffected by climate, [31].
Colour, its inconstancy in insects found near the sea, [57], [58].
—— of insects, affected by isolation, [88].
Colymbetes, a species of, captured forty-five miles from shore, [149], [150].
Compensation, generally apparent when an insect is deprived of an organ or sense, [81].
Coranus subapterus, Curt., the development of the wings of, [101].
Cordillera, Mr. Darwin on the fauna of the, [145].
Corylophus, apterous in Madeira, [82].
Criomorphus, Curtis, referable to the genus Delphax, [45].
Cyclostoma lucidum, Lowe, its extinction in Porto Santo, [131].
Cynthia Cardui, Linn., unaffected by climate, [32].
Cynucus, a species of, seventeen miles from shore, [150].
Cyrtonota, its concentration in S. America, [143].
Darwin, Mr., on the fauna of the Galapagos, [23];
relative proportions of the insect tribes in the tropics, [28], [29];
on the insects of Tierra del Fuego, [47];
on the natural features of Tierra del Fuego, [50];
on the insects of Keeling Island, [55];
on the insects of St. Helena, [55];
on the insects of Ascension, [55];
on the apterous condition of insular species, [86];
on the fauna of the Cordillera, [145];
on a Calosoma captured at sea, [147];
on insects captured in the sea, [149], [150];
on the disappearance of animals before more powerful ones than themselves, [178].
Dawson, Rev. J. F., on a variety of Bembidium saxatile, [60].
Definition of the term 'species,' [4];
of the term 'variety,' [4].
Delphax, on the development of the wings of, [45].
Dermestes vulpinus, Fabr., unaffected by climate, [31].
Deucalion, its occurrence on the Salvages and Dezertas, [125].
—— Desertarum, Woll., its sedentary nature, [125], [126], [127].
Dichelus, its concentration in S. Africa, [143].
Differences, when to be regarded as specific, [6];
too exclusively studied, [12].
Diffusion, various means of, which operate on the insect tribes, [148].
Disturbing agents, Prof. Henfrey on, [8].
Ditylus, the same type of, indicated in the Canaries and Salvages, [124].
Domesticated animals, pliable nature of, [187], [192].
Dromius arenicola, Woll., representative of D. obscuroguttatus, [66].
—— fasciatus, Gyll., its paleness near the sea, [63].
—— negrita, Woll., perhaps an ultimate state of D. glabratus, [85].
—— obscuroguttatus, Dufts., its changes in Madeira, [36], [37], [38];
apterous in Madeira, [84].
—— sigma, Rossi, its colour affected by isolation, [88], [89].
Elevation, sometimes corresponds with latitude, [35], [114].
Ellipsodes glabratus, Fabr., singular variety of, on one of the Madeira Islands, [88], [109].
Elytra, connateness of, a variable character, [96].
'Endemic,' to what species the term is applicable, [118].
Entomology, the study of, does not necessarily cramp the mind, [111].
Ephistemus, apterous in Madeira, [82].
Eucalypti, their concentration in Australia, [142].
Eunectes sticticus, Linn., unaffected by climate, [31].
Euphorbias, their concentration in Southern Africa, [142].
Eurygnathus Latreillei, Lap., variety of, on one of the Madeira Islands, [88], [109].
Exceptions, not be allowed to negative a law, [72], [73].
Extinction of species, as indicated in the Madeiran Helices, [131];
the only cause by which genera may be abruptly defined, [176].
Forbes, Prof. E., on the origin of the British animals and plants, [130];
his epochs of migration of the British animals and plants, [136];
on the existence of a former Atlantic continent, [137].
Forests, the hindrance which they offer to insect-diffusion, [154].
"Fortunate Islands" of the ancients, probably the Canarian group, [141].
Galapagos, fauna of, [23].
Genera, the nature of, often misunderstood, [160];
a familiar explanation of, [160], [161], [162];
cannot be abrupt except from accident, [169];
how to be defined, [169];
the types of, usually situated towards the centres of the several groups, [170];
the types of, usually evenly balanced in their structural characters, [171], [172];
may be abruptly defined from accidental causes, [176], [177].
Generic areas, an important feature throughout Nature, [130], [141], [184].
Geology, a necessary item in the study of insect-diffusion, [113].
Germanic plains, the, probably a primary area of diffusion, [130].
Gerris, on the development of the wings of, [100].
Gould, Mr., on the Swallows of Malta, [102].
Gymnaëtron, blood-red dashes characteristic of, [62].
—— Campanulæ, Linn., its smallness on the Cornish coast, [58].
—— Veronicæ, Germ., a variety of G. niger, [62].
Hadrus illotus, Woll., perhaps a form of H. cinerascens, [66].
Haliplus obliquus, Gyll., dark state of, in Ireland, [67].
Haltica exoleta, Fabr., its variability on the coast, [59].
Harcourt, Mr., on the discovery of Madeira, [49], [50].
Harpalus vividus, Dej., changes to which it is subject, [67], [68], [69];
variable in the connateness of its elytra, [96], [97].
Hegeter, its maximum attained in the Canaries, [120].
—— elongatus, Oliv., its migration from the Canaries, [120];
of a more adaptive nature than its allies, [121].
—— latebricola, Woll., its occurrence in the Salvages, [120].
Helices, have often two distinct states, [106];
many of them representative in the Madeira Islands, [128], [129];
those in the Madeiras chiefly of slow migratory powers, [130], [131].
Helix attrita, Lowe, its local character, [132].
—— Bowdichiana, Fér., perhaps a gigantic state of H. punctulata, [106].
—— calculus, Lowe, sedentary nature of, [132].
Helix commixta, Lowe, sedentary nature of, [132].
—— coronata, Desh., its peculiarity to Porto Santo, [128];
its occurrence beneath the surface of the ground, [131].
—— coronula, Lowe, its peculiarity to the Southern Dezerta, [128].
—— Delphinula, Lowe, the Madeiran representative of H. tectiformis in Porto Santo, [129].
—— discina, Lowe, a form of H. polymorpha, [133].
—— erubescens, Lowe, its powers of diffusion greater than those of its allies, [133];
sensitive to external influences, [134].
—— fluctuosa, Lowe, its extinction in Porto Santo, [131].
—— hirsuta, Say, two distinct states of, [106].
—— lapicida, Linn., its extinction in Porto Santo, [131].
—— latens, Lowe, the Madeiran representative of H. obtecta in Porto Santo, [129].
—— lincta, Lowe, the common Madeiran form of H. polymorpha, [134].
—— Lowei, Pfr., perhaps a gigantic state of H. Portosanctana, [106].
—— papilio, Lowe, a form of H. polymorpha, [133].
—— paupercula, Lowe, its powers of diffusion greater than those of its allies, [133].
—— polymorpha, Lowe, sensitive to external influences, and of great diffusive powers, [133].
—— Portosanctana, Sow., its peculiarity to Porto Santo, [129].
—— pulvinata, Lowe, a form of H. polymorpha, [133].
—— saccharata, Lowe, a local state of H. polymorpha, [134].
—— senilis, Lowe, the Dezertan form of H. polymorpha, [134].
—— squalida, Lowe, the Madeiran representative of H. depauperata in Porto Santo, [129].
—— tiarella, Webb, its sedentary nature, [128].
—— undata, Lowe, its peculiarity to Madeira proper, [129].
—— Vulcania, Lowe, its peculiarity to the Dezertas, [129].
—— Wollastoni, Lowe, sedentary nature of, [132].
Helobia nivalis, Payk., perhaps a state of H. brevicollis, [40].
Helops, always apterous in Madeira, [82].
—— confertus, Woll., varies from altitude, [39].
—— futilis, Woll., varies from isolation, [109].
—— testaceus, Küst., pallid hue of, [64].
—— Vulcanus, Woll., large size of, on one of the Madeira Islands, [88].
Henfrey, Prof., on disturbing agents, [8].
Herschel, Sir John, on the requisites for an observer, [12].
Hipparchia Semele, Linn., has a distinct aspect in Madeira, [34].
Hipporhinus, its concentration in S. Africa, [143].
Holme, Mr., on Olisthopus rotundatus in the Scilly Islands, [58], [102];
on a winged state of Phosphuga atrata, [102].
Holoparamecus, common to Madeira and Sicily, [139].
—— Niger, Aubé, different in Madeira and Sicily, [33].
Hooker, Dr., on the insects of Kerguelen's Land, [86].
Humboldt, his notice of Sphinxes and flies high up on the Andes, [149].
Humming-Birds, their peculiarity to S. America and the W. Indies, [142].
Hydrobius, apterous in Madeira, [82];
the capture of, out at sea, [150].
Hydrometridæ, on the development of the wings of, [100].
Hydroporus, the capture of, out at sea, [150].
—— confluens, Fabr., unaffected by climate, [31].
Hypsonotus, its concentration in S. America, [143].
Influence of climate not important, [23].
Insect-aberration, perhaps a universal fact, [16], [17], [18].
Insulæ Fortunatæ of Juba, probably the Canarian Group, [141].
Ireland, poverty of the fauna of, [52], [53];
the south-west of, has something in common with Madeira, [139].
Islands, faunas of, often too greatly magnified, [70];
the species of, generally more isolated in their structure than those of continents, [177].
Isolation, effects of, on insect-stature, [71].
Ixias, their concentration in Southern Africa, [142].
Kangaroos, their concentration in Australia, [142].
Kerguelen's Land, insects of, [86].
Kirby, Rev. W., on insects washed up on the Suffolk coast, [147].
Læmophlœus pusillus, Schönh., unaffected by climate, [31].
Lamprias chlorocephalus, Ent. H., two distinct sizes of, frequently indicated, [105].
Laparocerus morio, Schönh., large size of, on one of the Madeira Islands, [88].
Latitude and altitude, sometimes reciprocal, [35].
Leistus montanus, Steph., has been supposed to be equal to L. fulvibarbis, [40].
Lemur, its peculiarity to Madagascar, [143].
Litargus, common to Madeira and Sicily, [139].
Lixus angustatus, Fabr., unaffected by climate, [31].
Localities, some naturally more productive than others, [53], [54].
Longitarsus, the native species of, apterous in Madeira, [82].
Loricera, apterous in Madeira, [82].
Lowe, Rev. R. T., his capture of the Deucalion Desertarum, [127].
Lundy Island, smallness of the insects in, [58], [59];
occurrence of the Black Rat in, [178].
Lycæna Phlœas, Linn., darker in Madeira than in England, [34].
Lyell, Sir Charles, on Helix hirsuta, [106];
on the fossil period of the Madeiran Helices, [129];
on insects washed up on the shore, [148];
on the effect of gales in the transportation of insects, [148];
on the effects of a volcanic eruption in destroying species, [179];
on the flexible nature of certain animals and plants, [187];
on the greater differences which varieties often present than do species, [193].
Lygæus brevipennis, Latr., on the development of the wings of, [101].
Macronota, its peculiarity to Java, [143].
Madeira, has some features in common with Tierra del Fuego, [48], [49], [50], [51];
former state of, [48], [49];
great fire on the southern side of, [49];
origin of the name of, [50]; the insects of, [55];
the tendency of its insects to become apterous, [82];
the migratory direction of its insect population, [119];
the local nature of its various species, [152], [153].
Magnolias, their concentration in Central America, [142].
Malta, Mr. Gould on the birds of, [102].
Malthodes Kiesenwetteri, Woll., perhaps a state of M. brevicollis, [66].
Man, agency of, in the destruction of species, [179].
Mantura Chrysanthemi, Ent. H., variability of, in Lundy Island, [59].
Marsupialia, their concentration in Australia, [142].
Mesembryanthemums, their concentration in Southern Africa, [142].
Mesites, a modification of Cossonus, [144].
—— Maderensis, Woll., its near relationship to the M. Tardii, [141].
—— Tardii, Curtis, its variability near the coast, [58].
'Méthode Mononomique,' the unsoundness of, [164-168].
Migratory powers, slowness of, in the Madeiran Helices, [130-132].
—— progress, direction of, in the Madeiran animals, [120], [135].
Mimosas, their concentration in Australia, [142].
Mollusca, Terrestrial, often present two distinct states, [106].
Moluris, its concentration in S. Africa, [143].
Monochelus, its concentration in S. Africa, [143].
Mountain-chains, their hindrance to insect-diffusion, [145].
Mountain-tops, either very prolific in insect life, or else barren, [115].
Mus Rattus, almost exterminated in England, [178].
Mycetoporus pronus, Erichs., two distinct states of, indicated, [106].
Myrtles, their concentration in Australia, [142].
Naturalist, the, what his province to investigate, [158].
Nature, not irregular because presenting occasional anomalies, [94].
Naupactus, its concentration in S. America, [143].
Nebria complanata, Linn., unusually pale near Bordeaux, [33];
pallid hue of, [64].
New World, some of its insects perhaps but states of those of the Old, [37].
Nomenclature, a binomial system the only true one, [164], [168].
Notaphus, the capture of, out at sea, [150].
Notiophili, extremely variable, [40].
Notiophilus geminatus, Dej., large size of, on one of the Madeira Islands, [88].
Observation, indispensable in natural science, [20], [159], [192].
Ocean, the, its hindrance to insect-diffusion, [145].
Ochthebius marinus, Payk., lurid hue of, [64].
Olisthopus, apterous in Madeira, [82].
—— Maderensis, Woll., large state of, on one of the Madeira Islands, [88], [89].
—— rotundatus, Payk., very small in the Scilly Islands, [58], [73];
subapterous in the Scilly Islands, [102].
Omaseus nigerrimus, Dej., a form of O. aterrimus, [33].
Omias Waterhousei, Woll., large state of, on one of the Madeira Islands, [88], [109].
Oncocephalus griseus, development of the wings of, [101].
Othius, apterous in Madeira, [82].
Ourangs, their peculiarity to the Indian Islands, [143].
Oxyomus, a modification of Aphodius, [144].
Pachymerus brevipennis, the development of the wings of, [100].
Pachyrhynchus, its concentration in the Philippine islands, [143].
Painted-Lady Butterfly, unaffected by climate, [32].
Papilio Machaon, Linn., unaffected by climate, [31].
Paropsis, its concentration in Australia, [143].
Patagonia, insects of, distinct from those of Tierra del Fuego, [47], [48].
Patrobus septentrionis, Dej., has been supposed to be a state of P. excavatus, [40].
Pecteropus, its maximum attained in the Canaries, [124].
—— Maderensis, Woll., varies from altitude, [39].
—— rostratus, Woll., varies from isolation, [90].
Pelargoniums, their concentration in Southern Africa, [142].
Pelophila borealis, Payk., larger in Ireland than in the Orkneys, [33].
Phaleria cadaverina, Fabr., pallid hue of, [64].
Philhydrus melanocephalus, Oliv., two states of, frequently indicated, [105].
Phlæophagus, apterous in Madeira, [82].
Phosphuga atrata, Linn., taken with the wings developed, [102].
—— subrotundata, Leach, the Irish form of the P. atrata, [33].
Phytophaga, preponderance of, in the tropics, [28], [29].
Pieris Brassicæ, Linn., varies in Nepaul and Japan, [34].
Pissodes notatus, Fabr., unaffected by climate, [30].
Platyomus, its concentration in S. America, [143].
Platyrrhini, their peculiarity to S. America, [143].
Pogonus luridipennis, Germ., lurid hue of, [64].
Pontia Brassicæ, Linn., its introduction into Madeira probably recent, [74].
Porto Santo, origin of the name of, [49];
a generic area of radiation for certain Helices, [130].
Predacious insects, less numerous in the tropics, [28], [29].
Prostemma guttula, Fabr., the development of the wings of, [100], [101].
Psylliodes, a variable species of, in Lundy Island, [60].
—— erythrocephala, Linn., two distinct states of, frequently indicated, [105].
—— marcida, Illig., pallid hue of, [64].
—— nigricollis, Mshm, a pale state of the P. erythrocephala, [105].
—— vehemens, Woll., varies from isolation, [90].
Pterostichus, its various divisions are natural ones, [175].
Ptini, their stature affected by isolation, [74];
which characters of, are the most constant, [104].
Ptinus albopictus, Woll., its changes on the islands of the Madeiran Group, [75-77].
Pupa, often two distinct states of, [106].
Purpurariæ of the ancients, probably the Madeiran Group, [141].
Pyrenean region, the, perhaps a primary area of diffusion, [130].
Reasoning, not sufficient of itself for the formation of science, [159].
Red-Admiral Butterfly, its introduction into Madeira perhaps recent, [74].
Reduviadæ, on the development of the wings of a representative of the, [101].
Representative species, exemplified by the Madeiran Helices, [128], [129], [185];
where frequently to be recognized, [183].
Rhyzopertha pusilla, Fabr., unaffected by climate, [31].
Rivers, their power of transporting insects along their course, [149].
Saline spots, variation of insects in, [57].
Salvages, occurrence of a Canarian form on the, [120], [124].
Saprinus, a modification of Hister proper, [143].
—— nitidulus, Fabr., two distinct states of, indicated, [106].
Scarabæus, the capture of, out at sea, [150].
Scarites abbreviatus, Koll., large size of, on one of the Madeira Islands, [88];
varies both from isolation and altitude, [91].
Sciences, the, should assist rather than oppose each other, [155], [156].
Scydmænus Helferi, Schaum, smaller in Madeira than in Sicily, [65].
Scymnus, an apterous species of, in Porto Santo, [82].
Sea, inconstancy of insects in the vicinity of the, [57].
Sicily, the fauna of, has much in common with that of Madeira, [139].
Silpha atrata, Linn., presents a distinct state in Ireland, [33].
Silybum Marianum, Grtn., its stalks the food of a Ptinus, [76].
Similitudes, Lord Bacon on the importance of, [13].
Sitonia gressoria, Illig., perhaps a form of the S. grisea, [33].
Sitophilus granarius, Linn., unaffected by climate, [31].
Sitophilus oryzæ, Linn., unaffected by climate, [31].
Sloths, their peculiarity to S. America, [143].
Species, definition of the term, [4];
familiar explanation concerning the nature of, [161], [162];
limitation of, how to be attempted, [192];
limits of, real, though often difficult to trace out, [193];
in a certain sense both unstable and permanent, [194].
Specific centres of creation, [5].
Sphinx Convolvuli, Linn., its introduction into Madeira probably recent, [74].
Spinola, on one of the Reduviadæ, [101];
on Oncocephalus griseus, [101].
Stapelias, their concentration in Southern Africa, [142].
States, large and small ones indicated in some insects, [105].
Stature of insects, smaller in islands than on continents, [70].
Stenolophus Skrimshiranus, Steph., perhaps a state of S. Teutonus, [63].
Stenus Heeri, Woll., two distinct states of, indicated, [106].
Structural characters, seldom variable in the Insecta, [95].
Subsidences, the effect of, on insect life, [114].
Swallow-Tail Butterfly, unaffected by climate, [31].
Syncalypta, apterous in Madeira, [82].
Tachyporus nitidicollis, Steph., perhaps a state of T. obtusus, [33].
Tarphii, their economy in the Madeira Group, [121].
Tarphius, its maximum attained in Madeira proper, [121];
common to Madeira and Sicily, [139].
—— gibbulus, Germ., the Sicilian exponent of the genus, [123].
—— Lowei, Woll., of a more adaptive nature than its allies, [122].
Tarus, always apterous in Madeira, [82].
—— lineatus, Schönh., assumes a distinct state in Madeira, [65].
Telephorus testaceus, Linn., its variability in Lundy Island, [59].
Thompson, Mr., on the reptiles of Ireland, England, and Belgium, [136].
Thorictus, common to Madeira and Sicily, [139].
Tierra del Fuego, insects of, [47];
has many characters in common with Madeira, [48-51].
Time, an important item in the question of modifications, [77].
Toucans, their peculiarity to S. America and the W. Indies, [142].
Transmutation-theory, unsoundness of the, [186-189];
how it took its rise, [190].
Trechus, always apterous in Madeira, [82].
—— alticola, Woll., perhaps a state of T. custos, [39].
—— lapidosus, Daws., pallid hue of, [64].
Tree-Porcupines, their peculiarity to S. America, [143].
Tribolium ferrugineum, Fabr., unaffected by climate, [31].
Trogosita mauritanica, Linn., unaffected by climate, [31].
Tropics, exuberance of the, [27], [28];>
relative proportions of the insect tribes within the, [28], [29].
Tychius, always apterous in Madeira, [82].
Unity, indicated in the organic creation, [179], [180].
Vanessa Atalanta, Linn., has a different aspect in N. America, [34];
perhaps a recent introduction into Madeira, [74].
—— Callirhoë, Fabr., smaller in Porto Santo than in Madeira, [73].
Variation in the Insecta, a matter of experience, [7], [8], [15];
probable from analogy, [15];
perhaps indicated in every individual, [16], [17], [18];
restricted, [35].
Variety, definition of the term, [4].
Velia, on the development of the wings of, [100].
Waterhouse, Mr., his opinion concerning generic types, [172].
Westwood, Mr., on Papilio Machaon from the Himalayas, [32];
on American specimens of Lycæna Phlœas, [34];
on the effect of heat in developing the wings of insects, [44];
on a winged state of Choreius ineptus, [44];
on the development of the wings in Delphax, [45];
on a winged state of Cimex lectularius, [45];
on Aphelocheirus æstivalis, [100];
on the development of the wings of the Hydrometridæ, [100];
on Cimex apterus, [100];
on Prostemma guttala and Coranus subapteras, [101];
on the development of the wings of Lygæus brevipennis, [101].
Whewell, Dr., on the natural causes which science has to investigate, [191].
White-Cabbage Butterfly, varies in Nepaul and Japan, [34].
Winds, the effects of, in the diffusion of insects, [148].
Wings of insects, subject to undue development in hot seasons, [43];
liable to become gradually obsolete in islands, [81];
more variable than other organs, [97].
Xenostrongylus, its geographical distribution, [124];
common to Madeira and Sicily, [139].
Zargus pellucidus, Woll., variety of, on one of the Madeira Islands, [88].

FINIS.

Printed by Taylor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street.

Lately published, by the same Author, in large 4to (with Thirteen Coloured Plates), price £2 2s.,

INSECTA MADERENSIA;

BEING

AN ACCOUNT OF THE INSECTS

THE ISLANDS

THE MADEIRAN GROUP.

London: John Van Voorst, 1, Paternoster Row.

Transcriber's Notes:

Inconsistent/archaic spelling and punctuation retained from original.