Section 69.—RAISING AND LOWERING.

(1.) BY HAND POWER.

The ordinary winch and crank handle.

Winch, worked by an endless hand rope and wheel, similar to [Nos. 1210], [1220].

a. The ordinary winch and crank handle.

b. Winch, worked by an endless hand rope and wheel, similar to [Nos. 1210], [1220].

[1210]. Hand rope and barrel hoist. In this machine gearing may be interposed between the hand rope wheel and rope drum to increase the power and reduce speed.

Differential blocks of various patterns (see Weston’s, Pickering’s, Moore’s, &c.). See [Section 31].

By screw gear, as in the ordinary screw jack. [Sec. 78].

Rack and pinion gear. See [No. 754].

Worm and wheel gear. See [Section 84].

c. Differential blocks of various patterns (see Weston’s, Pickering’s, Moore’s, &c.). See [Section 31].

d. By screw gear, as in the ordinary screw jack. [Sec. 78].

e. Rack and pinion gear. See [No. 754].

f. Worm and wheel gear. See [Section 84].

Note as to brake wheels: these should always be upon the load shaft so that the braking is not transmitted to the load through toothed gearing. Worm gear usually will not sustain a load without a brake wheel, unless there is an excess of friction which should not exist.

Friction gear. See [Section 38].

g. Friction gear. See [Section 38].

(2.) BY POWER.

This may be applied to any of the above as follows:—

a or b. To the ordinary winch by either gearing (see [Section 84]), belts (see [Section 3]), or friction gear (see [Section 38]).

By gripping the endless rope between grip wheels (see [1208]) the small wheel can be thrown into gear to grip the rope by a lever, cam or screw.

Differential gear may be driven from a shaft by belts or gearing. See [Sections 84] and [3].

Screw gear. Ditto.

Rack gear. Ditto.

Worm and wheel gear. Ditto.

Friction gear is usually driven as [No. 1211].

b. By gripping the endless rope between grip wheels (see [1208]) the small wheel can be thrown into gear to grip the rope by a lever, cam or screw.

c. Differential gear may be driven from a shaft by belts or gearing. See [Sections 84] and [3].

d. Screw gear. Ditto.

e. Rack gear. Ditto.

f. Worm and wheel gear. Ditto.

g. Friction gear is usually driven as [No. 1211].

[1211]. Where the barrel shaft has a slight horizontal movement, so that, by the lever, it can be forced into gear with the friction pinion to raise the load, or into the brake block to sustain the load or lower it.

Grooved friction V gearing is also sometimes used. See [No. 667].

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(3.) HYDRAULIC GEAR. See [Section 42].

The direct-acting plan is simply a ram and cylinder, as in the hydraulic press, the ram being as long as the height of travel of the cage. For multiplying cylinder hydraulic gear, see [Section 42].

Balancing the dead load of cage, &c. This is usually done by weights attached to the end of ropes running over overhead pulleys and fastened to the cage, as in [No. 370], or by an auxiliary cylinder and ram of short stroke loaded to the required weight, and communicating with the lift cylinder by a pipe. See [Section 20].

(4.) FOR LOWERING WEIGHTS ONLY.

An hydraulic cylinder and piston may be used, to which the cage is directly attached either above or below, the cage or platform being overbalanced by a counterbalance weight and rope (running over a pulley as [No. 370]), which is sufficient to raise it empty. The speed is controlled by a pass valve which allows the water to pass from one side of the piston to the other. See [Section 5].

An ordinary V wheel and brake wheel may be used, the cage being overbalanced as last described; the motion is controlled solely by the brake. Or, an hydraulic brake cylinder may be used in connection with a rope or chain attached to the cage. See [note] to [Section 5].

a. An hydraulic cylinder and piston may be used, to which the cage is directly attached either above or below, the cage or platform being overbalanced by a counterbalance weight and rope (running over a pulley as [No. 370]), which is sufficient to raise it empty. The speed is controlled by a pass valve which allows the water to pass from one side of the piston to the other. See [Section 5].

b. An ordinary V wheel and brake wheel may be used, the cage being overbalanced as last described; the motion is controlled solely by the brake. Or, an hydraulic brake cylinder may be used in connection with a rope or chain attached to the cage. See [note] to [Section 5].

Other hoisting devices are:

Direct-acting steam or air cylinders, the piston rods being coupled direct to the cage.

Air vessels, on the principle of the gasometer, but of a height equal to the travel, and diameter proportional to the pressure of air employed.

[1212]. Internal screw elevator. The vertical shaft has a feather groove, and carries a double crosshead with a wheel at each end, which run on the spiral guides and raise the cage.

[1213]. Screw elevator, for ice, &c. Vertical creeper.

[1214]. Travelling hoist, with in and out motion and rope.

[1215]. Steam digger and hoist.

[1216]. Hauling capstan. The rope, which is payed on and off the barrel, “fleets” itself as it travels along the barrel owing to its conical shaped flanges.

[1217]. Richmond’s patent differential telescopic hydraulic lift. The water under each piston is forced into the next cylinder above, so that the rams all travel upwards at proportional speeds, so as to reach the top of their stroke at the same time.

[1218]. Self-sustaining gear. The revolution of the pinion tends to lift the barrel and its brake wheel out of the brake; lowering is performed by relieving the brake wheel by a lever which raises it from the brake. Cherry’s patent.

[1219]. Belt hoist. Worked by a loose vertical belt, which is tightened by the lever and pulley when required to hoist, and in lowering a load the belt friction acts as a brake.

[1220]. Travelling hand hoist, with endless rope.

[1221]. Travelling cathead hoist. The cathead can be run back with its load; the winch is sometimes fixed to the travelling beam and moves in and out with it.

[1222]. Winding engine, usual type for direct acting.

[1223]. Geared winding engine.

[1224]. Steam winch, horizontal arrangement.

[1225]. Steam winch, diagonal arrangement.

[1226]. Steam winch, horizontal worm-gear plan.

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[1227]. Continuous lift, for parcels, &c. Has a number of small cages, boxes, or platforms suspended from horizontal pivots in two endless chains; the cages are guided so as always to hang vertical.

[1228]. Continuous lift, for passengers. Sometimes the cages are suspended from two endless chains at their tops, as last described; or sometimes from two endless chains, but with attachments to the cages at corners diagonally opposite each other; and sometimes from a single endless chain at the back, provided with guides, &c.

[1229]. Continuous barrel hoist.