Footnotes.

[1] – i.e., his sailors asked.
[2] – Custom.
[3] – Or “made ready,” as we say a ship is bound for Liverpool.
[4] – Disappeared below the horizon.
[5] – Mountains. This has been supposed to be Cape Cod.
[6] – i.e., sailed away from the land.
[7] – Possibly Nova Scotia.
[8] – Possibly Newfoundland.
[9] – Cape, or nose, of land.
[10] – Went.
[11] – Great.
[12] – Perhaps Labrador, where flat stones abound, or Newfoundland.
[13] – Form.
[14] – Perhaps Nova Scotia.
[15] – Perhaps honey-dew, a sweet substance left on grass by an insect called aphis.
[16] – Cape.
[17] – i.e., was left aground.
[18] – Cots used to sleep in, and made of skin.
[19] – Surveyed.
[20] – Large.
[21] – German.
[22] – Foster-father, or perhaps foster-brother.
[23] – Mountains.
[24] – There has been much difference of opinion as to where Vinland was. Some think that it was Nantucket; others, the island of Conanicut in Narragansett Bay; and others, some place much farther north and east. See Costa’s “Pre-Columbian Discovery of North America,” Anderson’s “Norsemen in America,” Kohl’s “History of the Discovery of the East Coast of North America,” published by the Maine Historical Society.
[25] – Cape.
[26] – Possibly Cape Cod.
[27] – Bays.
[28] – i.e., as quickly as possible.
[29] – Probably Esquimaux, or Indians.
[30] – Cross Cape, or Cape of the Cross.
[31] – i.e., in equal shares.
[32] – Milk, butter, &c.
[33] – Cape.
[34] – Columbus always supposed that he had reached India, and therefore always called the natives Indians.
[35] – Cuba.
[36] – Or Tartary.
[37] – Or Hispaniola, meaning Little Spain. The island is now called Hayti.
[38] – The natives.
[39] – Instead.
[40] – A small coin, worth less than a cent. A noble was a gold coin, worth about $1.60.
[41] – A bank of oars is a bench on which rowers sit, and there may have been four rowers on each bench.
[42] – No such race has ever been found.
[43] – Dominica, so named from being discovered on Sunday.
[44] – Marigalante, so named from the ship in which Columbus sailed.
[45] – St. Martin, one of the Caribbee Islands.
[46] – Hayti, or Española.
[47] – Probably a species of capromys, an animal of the rat kind.
[48] – Probably an alligator.
[49] – About nine, P.M., the last hour of Roman Catholic prayers.
[50] – Now called Cape Galeota, the south-east point of Trinidad.
[51] – Discharge.
[52] – A small vessel.
[53] – The coast of Cumana (South America), distant seven miles from Trinidad.
[54] – Mouth.
[55] – Point Peña Blanca.
[56] – Point Peña.
[57] – Boca Grande. The fresh water was river water.
[58] – Now called Point Alcatraz, or Point Pelican.
[59] – Atlas.
[60] – Columbus.
[61] – President, or governor.
[62] – Ship-worm.
[63] – Firm land, or continent.
[64] – The name then given to the sovereign of Tartary, now called “Khan.” Shakspeare, in “Much Ado about Nothing,” written about 1600, says, “Fetch you a hair off the great Cham’s beard.”
[65] – John.
[66] – 1498.
[67] – Henry VII.
[68] – Cabot.
[69] – Verrazzano.
[70] – i.e., from Brittany, in France.
[71] – Cathay.
[72] – But these papers never were printed.
[73] – One of the Dezertas. Dishabited means uninhabited.
[74] – Probably the South Carolina coast.
[75] – At anchor.
[76] – To land.
[77] – Beans, or peas.
[78] – Traps.
[79] – Probably Narragansett Bay.
[80] – i.e., somewhat encouraged.
[81] – Deer’s.
[82] – Various ornaments.
[83] – Mirrors.
[84] – Various exclamations.
[85] – Probably the coast of Maine.
[86] – Cedars.
[87] – The side of the vessel.
[88] – The Bay of Horses, probably Choctawhatchee Bay, communicating with Pensacola Bay by Santa Rosa Inlet; but some suppose it to have been Appalachicola Bay.
[89] – St. Michael’s Day, Sept. 29.
[90] – It is thought that this river may have been the Mississippi.
[91] – i.e., that it would be as much as he could do.
[92] – This strange incident of the revival of the men who seemed to have died may possibly have suggested to the poet Coleridge that passage in his “Ancient Mariner” where the dead sailors rise up again:— “They groaned, they stirred, they all uprose, Nor spake, nor moved their eyes: It had been strange, even in a dream, To see those dead men rise.”
[93] – i.e., of being offered as a sacrifice.
[94] – The sea-snails and conches (or conchs) were shells of various species.
[95] – From 1528 to 1533.
[96] – A small matchlock gun.
[97] – Description.
[98] – In the map of Ortelius, published in 1572, the name of New France is applied to the whole of both North and South America. “The application of this name dates back to a period immediately after the voyage of Verrazzano; and the Dutch voyagers are especially free in their use of it, out of spite to the Spaniards.”—Parkman.
[99] – July.
[100] – Boiled.
[101] – Regular.
[102] – Chaleur, signifying heat in French.
[103] – July, 1534.
[104] – Gaspé Bay.
[105] – The arms of France.
[106] – Motto.
[107] – Attention.
[108] – The object of the cross was to take possession of the country for the King of France; but Cartier did not hesitate to deceive the natives by saying that it was only for a beacon.
[109] – The St. Croix River, now called St. Charles. The first name was given because Cartier reached it on the festival of the Holy Cross.
[110] – Now Quebec.
[111] – September.
[112] – These were the two young Indians whom Cartier had carried off with him the year before.
[113] – This village was where Montreal now stands.
[114] – A small vessel.
[115] – An ingenious trick.
[116] – Explanation.
[117] – On land, as we say, “ashore.”
[118] – Montreal.
[119] – Ramparts or palisades: they were made of trunks of trees, the outer and inner row inclining toward each other till they met, and the third row standing upright between, to support them.
[120] – Crucifixion.
[121] – Fine clothes.
[122] – Please.
[123] – Probably near the Hillsborough River in Florida.
[124] – Men who carried swords and targets. Others carried matchlock guns (arquebuses) or cross-bows.
[125] – Crossing.
[126] – Made smooth.
[127] – With the same joy.
[128] – Of a good family.
[129] – Split.
[130] – Information.
[131] – The wolf.
[132] – Knowing.
[133] – Surround.
[134] – Treat.
[135] – Chief.
[136] – Attack.
[137] – The Great River, or Mississippi.
[138] – An awning.
[139] – Persimmons.
[140] – The place of crossing was probably near Helena, Arkansas.
[141] – i.e., get rid of him.
[142] – Sorely troubled.
[143] – i.e., subdue the Indian chief.
[144] – Military force.
[145] – Confinement.
[146] – Attack.
[147] – i.e., their own reflection in a mirror.
[148] – Admiral De Coligny.
[149] – i.e., Cape Breton. The whole coast was then thought a part of India.
[150] – Probably St. John’s River, Florida.
[151] – i.e., one of the best in appearance.
[152] – Saluted.
[153] – Haberdashery, or small wares.
[154] – Boundary stone.
[155] – Probably Skull Creek.
[156] – i.e., I had hardly.
[157] – i.e., at the head.
[158] – Port Royal Island.
[159] – Acorns and other dried fruits.
[160] – It is uncertain what kind of grain is here meant.
[161] – Captain Albert.
[162] – i.e., from week to week.
[163] – Propriety.
[164] – Tar.
[165] – Content.
[166] – June.
[167] – St. John’s River.
[168] – Chief.
[169] – Grain of some kind.
[170] – i.e., to satisfy skilful workmen.
[171] – 1565.
[172] – Captain John Hawkins, who had lately supplied the garrison with food.
[173] – A musical instrument.
[174] – Hour-glass.
[175] – Guard.
[176] – Muddied.
[177] – Trumpeter.
[178] – Knob or hill.
[179] – Flags.
[180] – Brandy.
[181] – i.e., the north side, if the wind was south.
[182] – Suspected.
[183] – The “Delight,” the flag-ship.
[184] – The “Squirrel.” The name “frigate” was first given to a kind of boat still used in the Mediterranean, propelled by both sails and oars. It was afterwards given to a war vessel, built also for speed.
[185] – Sir Humphrey Gilbert.
[186] – i.e., to retire.
[187] – A good omen. This was probably a large seal, or sea-lion.
[188] – Warlike preparations.
[189] – This electric light is often called “St. Elmo’s fire.”
[190] – Anno Domini.
[191] – Afterwards.
[192] – This was one of the islands on the North Carolina coast, probably Portsmouth Island.
[193] – On board.
[194] – Flag-ship.
[195] – Appointing, or assigning.
[196] – The king.
[197] – Part.
[198] – Bend.
[199] – See the woodcut on [page 65].
[200] – Push.
[201] – Pledge.
[202] – Wheat boiled in milk.
[203] – Boiled.
[204] – Their hostess.
[205] – Suspicion.
[206] – Came to.
[207] – Ashore.
[208] – Vessels.
[209] – Hatorask is supposed to have been an inlet, now closed, north of Cape Hatteras, on the North Carolina coast.
[210] – In the year.
[211] – Flag-ship, carrying the commander.
[212] – A long, flat-bottomed, Dutch-built vessel.
[213] – Did not benefit.
[214] – Ashore.
[215] – Flag-ship.
[216] – Probably the island now called Ocracoke.
[217] – Aim.
[218] – Wherefore.
[219] – Probably an arrow rubbed with some irritating ointment.
[220] – A mistake of the pen. It was 1587.
[221] – Established.
[222] – Part of the rampart of a fort.
[223] – Side fortifications.
[224] – Different kinds of cannon-balls.
[225] – A kind of cannon.
[226] – i.e., partly drawn up, and hanging under the bow.
[227] – The Massachusetts coast was still described as a part of Virginia.
[228] – Hummocks, or small hills.
[229] – Probably a boat obtained from some Basque vessel. The Basques, or Biscayans, were among the first to engage in the New England fisheries.
[230] – A port in the Bay of Biscay.
[231] – Cape Cod.
[232] – Crowded.
[233] – Whereas.
[234] – No Man’s Land.
[235] – Herons.
[236] – Enumerated.
[237] – Behavior.
[238] – A belt with cartridge-boxes.
[239] – Mainland.
[240] – Slept.
[241] – Then much valued as a medicine.
[242] – Profitable.
[243] – That.
[244] – Now called by its Indian name of Cuttyhunk.
[245] – Of armor.
[246] – i.e., in the afternoon.
[247] – Fed.
[248] – Brandy.
[249] – Prayers.
[250] – i.e., any thing to truck or trade for.
[251] – Smoked. This word was formerly much used in describing the use of tobacco.
[252] – Trade.
[253] – A kind of boat similar to what is now called a gig.
[254] – Food.
[255] – That.
[256] – Probably the Penobscot.
[257] – Agreed.
[258] – Orinoco.
[259] – This place was at one time supposed to have been what is now called Parker’s Island; but is now thought to have been Cape Small Point on the main land, near the site of the present Fort Popham.
[260] – Higher chief.
[261] – Gentleman.
[262] – Vessel.
[263] – Return.
[264] – Chief.
[265] – Rapids.
[266] – Passenger.
[267] – The guns were matchlocks, for which fire was necessary.
[268] – Notching, putting the notch against the string.
[269] – More often written “Gosnold.”
[270] – Waited.
[271] – A small sailing-vessel.
[272] – Iguana.
[273] – i.e., taken no observations of the sun.
[274] – i.e., lie to.
[275] – i.e., settle as planters.
[276] – i.e., an explanation publicly given.
[277] – Suspicion.
[278] – The James River.
[279] – Treated.
[280] – Two cannon-balls joined by a short iron bar.
[281] – Baskets.
[282] – Surrounded with palisades.
[283] – By day.
[284] – Permission to go to and from England.
[285] – i.e., persons occupied in lazy contemplation.
[286] – i.e., in appealing to the captains of transports, or vessels.
[287] – Talkative people.
[288] – Persimmons.
[289] – Fantastic fellows.
[290] – Now Chickahominy.
[291] – i.e., came near doing it.
[292] – Lesser gods.
[293] – Muddy.
[294] – i.e., agreement.
[295] – i.e., held with the notch against the strings, ready for use.
[296] – “Bissom,” or “Bishion,” was a military term not now understood.
[297] – Piece of armor to protect the lower part of the arm; from the French avant-bras. Smith elsewhere calls it “braces.”
[298] – Puccoons.
[299] – i.e., appetite.
[300] – Note-book, or book containing tables.
[301] – Sometimes called “Werawocomoco,” supposed to be on the north side of Pamaunkee, now York River, at a place still called “Powhatan’s Chimney.”
[302] – Showy garments.
[303] – Appomattox.
[304] – Smith.
[305] – Captain Smith, in another narrative relating to this same period, describes Pocahontas as “a child of ten years old, which, not only for feature, countenance, and proportion, much exceedeth any of the rest of his people, but for wit and spirit the only nonpareil of his country.” Nonpareil means unequalled. But Strachey, the secretary of the colony, gives a less poetical description of Pocahontas, describing her as a wild and ungoverned child, playing rather rudely about the fort with other children. See an article called “The True Pocahontas,” in Scribner’s Monthly for May, 1876.
[306] – i.e., as well skilled.
[307] – Cannon.
[308] – i.e., resumed our interview.
[309] – Subordinate chiefs.
[310] – Watch.
[311] – Arrow-shot, or bow-shot.
[312] – Body-guard.
[313] – Ornament for the forehead, or front.
[314] – An Austrian princess.
[315] – Regular entertainments.
[316] – Went.
[317] – Compare.
[318] – Gay, or frolicsome.
[319] – Capable.
[320] – i.e., instead of.
[321] – Shoals.
[322] – Confining.
[323] – Eastern merchants, as the Germans and Danes.
[324] – i.e., for other commodities as mean.
[325] – Pollocks.
[326] – Worked.
[327] – Trade.
[328] – Equally curious.
[329] – Keep out.
[330] – Smoky.
[331] – Ré or Rhé.
[332] – Now Chambly, Canada East.
[333] – A tribe of Algonquins.
[334] – Lake Champlain.
[335] – The gar-fish, or bony pike.
[336] – Ticonderoga.
[337] – Lake George.
[338] – Hudson River.
[339] – Indians east of Cape Cod.
[340] – Parleyed or discussed.
[341] – A name given to all the St. Lawrence Indians.
[342] – Sandy Hook.
[343] – A fathom is six feet.
[344] – Sailed to windward.
[345] – Flats covered by the tide.
[346] – i.e., conspicuous to approach.
[347] – North latitude.
[348] – Anchorage.
[349] – To.
[350] – i.e., did not hold.
[351] – Flood-tide.
[352] – They used matchlock muskets, for which a match had to be kept burning.
[353] – A small anchor.
[354] – Observe.
[355] – i.e., show that they knew it.
[356] – Brandy.
[357] – Straps, or strings.
[358] – Staid.
[359] – Probably near the present town of Hudson.
[360] – New style. What was called the “new style” of reckoning by the Gregorian Calendar was not adopted in England till 1753, but by the other nations of Europe much earlier.
[361] – Bottle.
[362] – 1611.
[363] – i.e., take out part of them.
[364] – i.e., while heated with excitement.
[365] – At once.
[366] – Henry Greene.
[367] – Robert Juet, author of the Diary previously given.
[368] – i.e., distributing the food.
[369] – Henry Hudson.
[370] – Thin pieces, cut from horn, were used instead of glass.
[371] – At the mouth of Hudson Bay.
[372] – Plunder.
[373] – A gun.
[374] – The mutinous crew, on the ship.
[375] – North latitude.
[376] – Of Holland.
[377] – Now Hudson River.
[378] – These miles are Dutch, one being equal to three English.
[379] – Manhattan Island.
[380] – Trader, or shop-keeper. In German, kaufmann.
[381] – Farmer.
[382] – Mohawks.
[383] – This is probably a romance.
[384] – Establish themselves, as we say “country-seat.”
[385] – Pamet River, Cape Cod.
[386] – Sent.
[387] – These guns were chiefly matchlocks, as afterwards appears.
[388] – Probably at Stevens’s Point, at the western end of Cape Cod harbor.
[389] – Footprints.
[390] – Probably near Stout’s Creek, opposite Beach Point.
[391] – Followed.
[392] – East Harbor Creek, Truro.
[393] – Probably sweet-gale, or wax-myrtle (Myrica gale).
[394] – The pond near Highland Light.
[395] – Sunk.
[396] – Wandering.
[397] – This corn of three colors is still common at Truro.—Young.
[398] – This they afterwards did.
[399] – Pamet River.
[400] – Sapling. The word is now used only for the sprit of a small sail; that is, the pole which holds it up transversely.
[401] – Rope-maker.
[402] – Come.
[403] – The end of Long Point.
[404] – Possibly swooned, or ached.
[405] – Traffic.
[406] – Billingsgate Point, in Wellfleet, now an island.
[407] – Entrance.
[408] – In Eastham.
[409] – Wellfleet harbor.
[410] – Brooks; i.e., Indian Brook and Cook’s Brook.
[411] – One of the dolphin family, sometimes twenty-five feet long.
[412] – Great Pond, in Eastham.
[413] – Lighted upon, or discovered.
[414] – Boughs, or tops of young trees.
[415] – Surrounded with palings.
[416] – An Indian grave, where they had found corn.
[417] – A flint-lock musket, then rare.
[418] – Advantage.
[419] – These were the Nauset Indians.
[420] – Tide.
[421] – Clark’s Island. It was named after the mate of the “Mayflower,” who is said to have been the first to land there.
[422] – This was the “landing of the Pilgrims.” Allowing for the change in the calendar, called “New Style,” it corresponds to the 21st of December, though it was long considered to correspond to the 22d. “New Style” means the modern or Gregorian mode of reckoning time, which was proposed by Pope Gregory XIII. in 1582, but not adopted in England till September, 1752.
[423] – Appoint, or propose.
[424] – Guard-house.
[425] – Split.
[426] – Surrounded by palings.
[427] – Requiring.
[428] – It is still called Billington Sea.
[429] – Town Brook.
[430] – These houses were built on each side of Leyden Street, which now extends from the First Church to the harbor.
[431] – It was, however, an unusually mild winter.
[432] – Beware of.
[433] – Monhegan, an island on the coast of Maine.
[434] – Ardent spirits.
[435] – Mallard-duck.
[436] – Massasoit was the name of a sachem; but they mistook it for the name of a tribe.
[437] – By.
[438] – The fight took place at Martha’s Vineyard, July 1, 1620.
[439] – This Captain Hunt had kidnapped Indians, and carried them to Spain as slaves. The monks of Malaga set them at liberty.
[440] – Trade.
[441] – Clowns.
[442] – Smoked.
[443] – Maladies.
[444] – These may have been buttercups washed from the shore. It has also been supposed that they might be actiniæ, or sea-anemones, torn from the rocks.
[445] – i.e., signs of fertility, seen in advance.
[446] – Gloucester harbor.
[447] – Ten-Pound Island.
[448] – Afterwards Salem.
[449] – John Endicott, who had arrived in September, 1628.
[450] – Massachusetts.
[451] – Probably the moose. The lions were imaginary.
[452] – The flying-squirrel, which has a membrane connecting the fore and hind paws on each side.
[453] – Inconveniences.
[454] – i.e., assigned to a certain place in the ship.
[455] – To protect the sides of the vessel.
[456] – Lady Arbella Johnson, daughter of the Earl of Lincoln, and wife of Isaac Johnson, to whom the settlement of Boston was chiefly due. She died soon after her arrival.
[457] – A part of Medford, Mass. The farm still retains the name which he gave it,—“Ten-Hills Farm.”
[458] – Gun.
[459] – This chief is described by Governor Dudley as “a handsome young man, conversant with us, affecting English apparel and houses, and speaking well of our God.”
[460] – Oct. 11, 1631.