ERRATA.

Page [9], n. for Dr. Werner, read Profeſſor Werner. [15], line 23, for Vandell, read Vandelli. [21], line 10, for red, read green. [41], line 9, for acidor, read acid or. [71], line 5, for 27,500, read 21,000. [75], note —— 27,500, read 21,000. [95], line 1, for 100 parts, read centenary. [97], line 7, for berolineuſe read, Berolinenſe.

[1]. In this tranſlation they are introduced in their proper places. W.

[2]. There is no difficulty in doing this: either the foſſil, or the vegetable fixed alkaly phlogiſticated, precipitate the terra ponderoſa, inſtantly and entirely, out of the nitrous, muriatic, or vegetable acids. W.

[3]. Opuſc. chemica, vol. II. page 2–10.

[4]. Conſult particularly Profeſſor Werner’s treatiſe on the external characters of foſſils printed in German in the year 1774.

[5]. The latter part of this definition does not apply perfectly well to ſome of the ſimple ſalts. I ſhall therefore offer another, given by Dr. Cullen, viz. “Saline bodies are ſapid, miſcible with water, and not inflammable.” I am ſenſible too that this definition is not perfectly unexceptionable, ſince it has been found that vol. alkaly in an aerial ſtate is in a certain degree inflammable. W.

[6]. As the tincture of heliotropium is the niceſt known teſt of the preſence of an acid, it may not be amiſs to mention that it may be had from dyers under the name of litmus. It is very cheap, and generally requires to be greatly diluted with diſtilled water before it can be uſed. W.

[7]. De thermis pativinis.

[8]. The moſt highly coloured and fuming nitrous acid may readily be rendered colourleſs by boiling it haſtily in an open veſſel. Part of the acid flies off, carrying the ſuperabundant phlogiſton along with it, in the form of nitrous air. W.

[9]. N. Acta Upſ. vol. II. p. 202.

[10]. M. Margraaf.

[11]. I have ſome reaſon to believe that the Nevil Holt water does contain ſome of this acid in an uncombined ſtate. W.

[12]. Opuſcul: vol. II. p. 40.

[13]. Called Derbyſhire fluor; Corniſh fluor, blue John. W.

[14]. D. Scheele Act. Stockh. 1778.

[15]. It has been lately obtained in great abundance from bones. W.

[16]. Opuſc. chem. vol. II. p. 424.

[17]. De Sale ſedativo naturali, 1778.

[18]. It is found in a ſeparate ſtate in large quantities in ſome of our mines and wells, and is called the choak damp. In the famous Grotto del Cano too it exiſts tolerably pure. W.

[19]. D. D. Margraaf, Weigleb.

[20]. Opuſc. chem. vol. II. p. 368.

[21]. Margraaf Opuſc.

[22]. Cavendish Phil. Trans. 1767.

[23]. Dr. Home, in his eſſay on bleaching, ſays it is found in coal mines in this iſland, and a friend aſſures me that he has obtained it from the water iſſuing out of coal pits. W.

[24]. As volatile alkaly may be obtained in large quantities from pit coal, and produced by proceſſes not dependant upon putrefaction, there is reaſon to believe that the vitriolic ammoniac may be formed in ſeveral ways not noticed by the author. W.

[25]. Acta Stockh. 1772.

[26]. From ſome experiments lately made I found that both tinkal and purified borax, required twice their weight of ſedative ſalt, to neutralize them perfectly ſo that they would no longer change vegetable blues to a green. W.

[27]. Baumé mem. des ſc. etr. tom. iv.

[28]. Phil. Tranſ. 1767.

[29]. Henchel Betheſda port.

[30]. Bomare Dictionaire.

[31]. I have lately diſcovered a ſpecimen of Terra Ponderosa aerata got out of a mine in this kingdom. It is very pure, and in a large maſs. As this ſubſtance is a new acquiſition to mineralogy, and may be turned to uſeful purpoſes in Chemiſtry, I intend ſhortly to preſent a more particular account of it to the Royal Society. W.

[32]. Conf. Præl. Schefferi, § 188, not. 2.

[33]. Margraaf Kl. Schrift. tom. II. p. 191.

[34]. I found it in conſiderable quantity in the Nevil Holt water, when I analyzed it ſix years ago; and it is probable that the Ballycaſtle water in Ireland, likewiſe contains it. W.

[35]. In the original the word is MAGNESIUM, but it is here changed, by the advice of Dr. Swediar and the concurrence of profeſſor Bergman to MANGANESIUM, in order to prevent confuſion from its ſimilarity to Magneſia. W.

[36]. Mr. Monnet de aquis mineralibus.

[37]. Opusc. chem. vol. I. p. 394–399.

[38]. The author ſpeaks here of ſuch as he obtained by precipitation from acids, but the native Terra Ponderosa aerata (ſee note at page [28]) has a ſpecific gravity of nearly 4, 338. W.

[39]. Opuſc. vol. i. p. 21, 398.

[40]. N. Acta Upſ. Vol. II. page 198.

[41]. Opuſc. chem. vol. I, page 23.

[42]. Opuſc. chem. vol. I, page 398.

[43]. Opuſc. chem. vol. II. p. 29, 373.

[44]. Profeſſor Bergman does not here ſeem to be ſufficiently aware of the difference between our Devonſhire pipe clay, and that which is uſed in the manufacture of porcelain. The former, in an open fire, burns to a blueiſh grey, or pidgeon colour; the latter remains white. The former ſeems to be the ſame as the Cologne and Maeſtricht pipe clay, of Cronſtedt, §78; the latter is a decayed Feldſpath, and conſequently, according to our author, (§ 130) contains magneſia. Our porcelain clay, likewiſe, has quartz, chryſtals, and mica mixed with it, parts of the granite which it originally compoſed. Before it is uſed the quartz is ſeparated, but the mica remains. I am indebted to my friend Mr. Watt for theſe obſervations. W.

[45]. I have taken the liberty to add this ſpecies upon our author’s own authority. See Bergman Diff. de Lithomarga, page 13.

[46]. N. Acta Upſal. vol. III, page 121.

[47]. Opuſc. vol. I, page 291, 292.

[48]. It is probable, that in another edition, the author may ſee reaſon to ſeparate the mica from the talc; as ſome experiments I have made, though yet too imperfect for publication, ſeem to indicate the neceſſity of ſuch a meaſure. W.

[49]. Opuſc. vol. ii. p. 49.

[50]. Hiſt. des Plantes de la Gujane. 1774.

[51]. Dr. Swediar lately preſented a paper to the Royal Society, from which it appears highly probable that Ambergriſe is nothing but the indurated fæces of the Sperma Ceti whale, who feeds upon the cuttle fiſh. He has found the beaks of that fiſh intermixed with the ambergriſe, in the form of black ſpots. W.

[52]. Opuſc. Vol. II, page 112.

[53]. Lavoiſier, Mem. de l’Acad. de Paris.

[54]. Opusc. vol. II. page 275.

[55]. The degrees of heat here expreſſed, are according to Farenheit’s ſcale.

By ſaturating phlogiſton, Profeſſor Bergman means to expreſs the proportionate quantities taken away from each metallic ſubſtance, when diſſolved by means of acids, and of courſe reduced to a calciform ſtate. The laſt column only expreſſes their attractions to this part of their phlogiſton, not to that which ſtill remains united to them in a calciform ſtate. W.

[56]. Opuſc. Vol. II. page 374–376.

[57]. Diſſertatio de quantitate Phlogiſti in diverſis metallis.

[58]. Opuſc. chem. vol. II, page 411.

[59]. Opuſc. chem. Vol. II, page 413.

[60]. From ſome late experiments made upon platina by the Count de Sikengen, and publiſhed in German by profeſſor Succow, it appears that the ſpecific gravity of pure platina is 21,000. When perfectly pure and in its metallic ſtate it was not calcined by deflagration with nitre, it did not admit of being hardened or ſoftened by tempering, like ſteel or other metals; it was drawn into a wire ¹⁄₁₉₄₀ of a line in diameter; this wire admitted of being flattened, and had more ſtrength than a wire of gold or ſilver of the ſame ſize. This platina is not fuſible by the ſtrongeſt fire, but melts in the focus of a burning glaſs; its colour white, ſhining like fine ſilver.

From conſidering the very intereſting experiments of the Count de Sikengen, I apprehend the following method to obtain pure and malleable platina will be found a good one.

Diſſolve the grains of native platina that are leaſt magnetic, in aqua regia. Precipitate the iron by means of phlogiſticated fixed alkaly. Then precipitate whatever elſe will fall, by cauſtic vegetable alkaly. Saturate the liquor with cauſtic foſſil alkaly, and ſet it by to chryſtallize. The yellow chryſtals thus obtained are to be hammered together at a welding heat, and the metallic parts will unite. W.

[61]. Opuſc. chem. vol. II, page 181.

[62]. Phil. Tranſ.

[63]. This reference is not to be found in the Engliſh edition of Cronſtedt. I imagine it ſhould be § 174. 6. where it is called the Dal Falertz. W.

[64]. In this reference too I ſuſpect a miſtake. It ought I believe to be 173, 6. W.

[65]. Some late experiments made at Hudſon’s Bay ſeem to prove that Quickſilver congeals and becomes malleable at 39 degrees below 0. See Lond. Med. Journal, page 205, for the year 1783. W.

[66]. When I introduce a new ſpecies I repeat the preceding number, with the addition of an aſteriſk, rather than break in upon the order of the author’s numbers. I intend ſhortly to publiſh an exact analyſis of this ſubſtance. W.

[67]. Opuſc. chem. vol. II, page 426.

[68]. Opuſc. vol. II. page 431.

[69]. Opuſc. chem. vol. II. p. 429.

[70]. Diſſ. de Analyſi. ferri.

[71]. Called Sideritis, from its reſemblance to iron. W.

[72]. Opuſc. chem. vol. II. p. 231.

[73]. Diſſ. de quantitate phlogiſti in metallis.

[74]. Opuſc. chem. vol. II, p. 272.

[75]. Opuſc. chem. vol. II, p. 446.

[76]. Opuſc. Vol. II, page 309.

[77]. Some of the ſulphur and alum, ſublimed by the ſubterranean fires near Bilſton, contain ſiliceous earth. W.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

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[50]of 2,155. 100 parts of contain about 25 ofof 2,155. 100 parts of it contain about 25 of