FOOTNOTES:

[11] Further information may be found in a very full report on "Insects Affecting Domestic Animals," issued as Bulletin 5, new series, of the Bureau of Entomology of this department.

[12] Further information on fly repellents may be found in Bulletin 131 of the Department of Agriculture.

[13] For further information consult Farmers' Bulletin 1097.

[14] For further information consult Circular 115 of the Bureau of Entomology.

[15] For further information consult Farmers' Bulletin 857.

[16] For further information see Farmers' Bulletin 909.

[17] For a fuller discussion see Farmers' Bulletin 1017, issued by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

[18] For a more complete discussion consult Farmers' Bulletin 1057, Bulletins 130 and 152 of the Bureau of Animal Industry, and Bulletins 15 (technical series), 72, and 106 of the Bureau of Entomology, all issued by the United States Department of Agriculture.

[19] For further information consult Bureau of Animal Industry Circular 214.

MYCOTIC STOMATITIS OF CATTLE.

By John R. Mohler, V. M. D.,

Chief, Bureau of Animal Industry.

INTRODUCTION.

Numerous letters have been received by this bureau in recent years relative to the existence of a disease affecting the mouths and feet of cattle in certain Eastern and Central Western States. Later reports indicate that the malady has made its appearance in the Southwest, where it has caused much alarm among the stockmen owing to its similarity to the foot-and-mouth disease of Europe. The disease, which is to be discussed under the name of mycotic stomatitis, has been carefully investigated by this department on various occasions, and it is with the view of giving the results of these clinical investigations as well as to assert its noninfectiousness and to differentiate it from the virulent foot-and-mouth disease, which it so closely simulates, that this article is prepared.

NAME AND SYNONYMS.

The name stomatitis signifies that there is present in the affected animals an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth. This inflammation, which quickly develops into ulcers, is one of the principal and most frequently observed lesions. Mycotic stomatitis refers to that form of stomatitis which results from eating food containing irritant fungi. Thus the name not only suggests the cause of the disease, but also indicates the location of the earliest and most prominent symptoms. Other names which have been applied to this disease by different writers are sporadic aphthæ; aphthous stomatitis; sore mouth of cattle; sore tongue; benign, simple, or noninfectious foot-and-mouth disease; mycotic aphthous stomatitis; and sporadic stomatitis aphthosa.

CHARACTER OF THE DISEASE.

Mycotic stomatitis is a sporadic, or noninfectious, disease which affects cattle of all ages that are on pasture, but more especially milch cows. It is characterized by inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membrane of the mouth, producing salivation and inappetence, and secondarily affecting the feet, which become sore and swollen. Superficial erosions of the skin, particularly of the muzzle and of the teats and udders of cows, may also be present, with some elevation of temperature and emaciation.

CAUSE.

This disease, as its name indicates, results from the eating of forage containing fungi or molds. It is probable that more than one fungus is involved in the production of this disease, but no particular species has been definitely proved to be the causative factor. Several attempts have been made by the writer to determine the exact cause and also to transmit the disease to other animals by direct inoculation, but with negative results. Suspicion, however, has been directed by various observers to the Uromyces and the red and black rusts that occur on clovers. These fungi cause very severe irritation of the lining membrane of the mouth, producing sometimes a catarrhal, at other times an aphthous, and occasionally an ulcerous stomatitis. The fungus of rape, etc. (Polydesmus excitiosus), is very irritating to the mouths and feet of cattle, causing severe inflammation and in some instances producing symptoms that have been mistaken for foot-and-mouth disease. The fungi (Penicillium and Puccinia) found on grasses have also been credited with the production of stomatitis. The fact that this disease disappears from a locality at a certain time and reappears at irregular intervals would suggest the probability that certain climatic conditions were essential for the propagation of the causative fungi, since it is well known that the malady becomes prevalent after a hot, dry period has been followed by rain, thus furnishing the requirements necessary for the luxuriant development of molds and fungi. Owing to this fact the disease is observed in one locality during one season and in an entirely different section another year, but reappears in the former center when favorable conditions prevail. In this way the affection has occurred at irregular intervals in certain sections of both the United States and Canada.

SYMPTOMS AND LESIONS.

Among the first symptoms observed in mycotic stomatitis are inability to eat, suspension of rumination, frequent movements of the lips with the formation of froth on their margins, and in some cases a dribbling of saliva from the mouth. There is a desire to eat, and frequent attempts to take food are made, but prehension is very difficult. If, however, feed is placed on the back of the tongue, it is readily masticated and swallowed. If the mouth is examined at this time, it will be found red and hot, and exceptionally small blisters will be seen, which, however, quickly become eroded and develop into active ulcers varying in size from one-eighth to 1 inch in diameter. Where several ulcers have coalesced a large and irregularly indented patch is formed. These erosions are most frequently found on the gums around the incisor teeth, on the dental pad, inside the lips, and on the tip of the tongue, but they also occur on the cheeks, interdental space, and dorsum of the tongue. The ulcers have a hemorrhagic border, a depressed suppurating surface, and contain a brownish or yellowish colored débris, which is soon replaced by granulation tissue. As a result of this sloughing of the tissues and the retention of food in the mouth, a very offensive odor is exhaled. The muzzle becomes dry and parched in appearance, which condition is shortly followed by erosions and exfoliations of the superficial layer of the skin. Adherent brownish crusts and scabs form over the parts, and similar lesions are seen around the nostrils and external surface of the lips.

In some cases there are associated with these alterations a slight swelling and painfulness in the region of the pasterns, at times affecting the forefeet, at other times the hind feet, and occasionally all four feet. In a few cases the swelling may extend above the fetlock, but it has never been observed above the knee or hock. The skin around the coronet may occasionally become fissured and the thin skin in the cleft of the foot eroded and suppurated, but without the formation of vesicles. As a result of these feet lesions, the affected animal may assume a position with its back arched and the limbs propped under the body as in a case of founder, and will manifest much pain and lameness in walking. If it lies down, the animal shows reluctance in getting up, and although manifesting no inclination to move about, when forced to do so there is more or less stiffness and a tendency to kick or shake the foot as if to dislodge a foreign body from between the claws.

In some outbreaks the milch cows have slight superficial erosions on the teats which at times extend to the udder. The cracks in the skin are filled with serum and form brownish-colored scabs. The teats become tender and the milk secretion diminishes; in some cases it disappears. A similar tendency toward the formation of fissures and scabs on the skin of the neck and shoulders has manifested itself in a recent outbreak in Texas, and this feature was likewise noticeable in the disease when it occurred in Maryland and Virginia in 1889.

In mild cases only the mouth lesions may be observed, or these alterations may be associated with one or more of the other above-described symptoms, but in severe cases, where there is a generalized mycotic intoxication, one animal may show all these alterations. When the disease is well developed the general appearance of the animal is one of great lassitude, and it either stands off by itself with hind feet drawn under the body and its forefeet extended, or it assumes a recumbent position. Owing to the inability to eat and to the general systemic disturbance present, the animal loses flesh very rapidly and becomes greatly emaciated in the latter stages of the disease. The temperature and pulse are somewhat increased, the former 2 or 3 degrees, the latter to from 75 to 90 beats per minute. The fever is not lasting, and these symptoms are soon modified. The animal has an anxious look, and in a few cases there is a gastrointestinal irritation, the feces being thin, of a dark color, and of an offensive odor.

PROGNOSIS AND MORTALITY.

Mycotic stomatitis is not a serious disease, and in uncomplicated cases recoveries soon follow the removal of the cause and the application of the indicated remedies. In such cases complete restoration may take place within one week. In mild outbreaks a large percentage of the animals will recover without treatment, but that the disease is fatal is shown by the fact that animals which develop an aggravated form of the affection succumb if not treated. In such animals death occurs in 6 or 8 days, but the mortality in the serious outbreaks thus far investigated has been less than 0.5 per cent. The course of this disease is irregular and runs from 7 to 15 days, the average case covering a period of about 10 days.

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS.

FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE.

In examining a case of mycotic stomatitis it is important not to mistake it for foot-and-mouth disease, which has appeared in this country on six occasions only. This may be easily accomplished by taking into consideration the fact that in the contagious foot-and-mouth disease there is a rapid infection of the entire herd, as well as of any hogs and sheep that may be on the premises. It is also readily transmitted to neighboring herds by the spread of the infection from diseased animals, but it never occurs spontaneously. The characteristic lesion of foot-and-mouth disease is the appearance of vesicles containing serous fluid in the mouth and upon the udder, teats, heels, and coronary bands of the affected animals. Drooling is profuse, and there is a peculiar smacking sound made by sucking the affected lips.

Mycotic stomatitis occurs sporadically on widely separated farms, affecting only a few animals in each herd, and the lesions produced consist of erosions without the typical vesicular formations of foot-and-mouth disease. The failure of the vesicles, if any appear, to spread extensively in the mouth, the absence of these blisters on other portions of the body— notably the teats and udder, and characteristically the feet—together with the absence of infection in the herd, and the inability to transmit the disease to calves by inocula tion, distinguish between this affection and foot-and-mouth disease. The erosions of the mouth are not so extensive and they heal more rapidly in mycotic stomatitis. The swelling of the feet and stiffness of the animal are also more marked in mycotic stomatitis.

ERGOTISM.

The lesions resulting from ergotism may be differentiated from those of mycotic stomatitis by the lack of ulcerative eruptions in the mouth and by the location of the lesions at the tips of the ears, end of the tail, or upon the lower part of the legs, usually below the knees or hocks. The lesions of ergotism do not take the form of ulcers or festers, but the end of the limb affected is diseased "in toto" and the eruption extends entirely around the limbs, followed soon afterwards by a distinct line of demarcation between the healthy skin above and the diseased below. The absence of suppurating sores between the claws and on the mucous membrane of the mouth, the knowledge that the lesion upon the limb in question extends uninterruptedly around it, and the presence of ergotized seeds in the hay or grain fed the animals should point conclusively to a diagnosis of ergotism.

FOUL FOOT.

In foul foot, or ground itch, of cattle, the inflammation of the skin and toes usually affects but one foot. It begins as a superficial inflammation followed by sloughing, ulceration, and the formation of fistulous tracts which may involve the tendons, bones, and joints. The mouth remains unaffected, and the presence of the disease may be traced to filth and poor drainage.

NECROTIC STOMATITIS.

In necrotic stomatitis (calf diphtheria) there is a formation of yellowish cheesy patches in the mouth without any lesions of the feet or udder. It affects sucking calves chiefly, and is caused by the Bacillus necrophorus.

TREATMENT.

The treatment of mycotic stomatitis should consist in first removing the herd of cattle from the pasture in which they have been running. The affected animals should, if it is possible, be brought to the barn or corral and fed on soft, nutritious food, such as bran mashes, ground feed, and gruels. A bucket of clear, cool water should be kept constantly in the manger, so that the animal may drink or rinse the mouth at its pleasure; and it will be found beneficial to dissolve 2 heaping tablespoonfuls of borax or 1 tablespoonful of potassium chlorate in each of the first two buckets of water taken during the day. If the animals are gentle enough to be handled, the mouth should be swabbed out daily with antiseptic washes, such as a 2 per cent solution of carbolic acid or a 1 per cent solution of compound solution of cresol or of permanganate of potassium, or 1 part of hydrogen peroxid to 2 parts of water. This should be followed by astringents, such as one-half tablespoonful of alum, borax, or chlorate of potassium placed on the tongue. Probably a more satisfactory method of administering the antiseptic treatment to a large number of animals would be to mix thoroughly 2 teaspoonfuls of pure carbolic acid every morning in a quart of bran mash and give to each affected animal for a period of five days. Range cattle may be more readily treated by the use of medicated salt placed in troughs accessible to the animals. This salt may be prepared by pouring 4 ounces of crude carbolic acid upon 12 quarts of ordinary barrel salt, after which they are thoroughly mixed. The lesions of the feet should be treated with a 2 per cent solution of carbolic acid, while the fissures and other lesions of the skin will be benefited by the application of carbolized vaseline or zinc ointment. If the animals are treated in this manner and carefully fed, the disease will rapidly disappear.

INDEX.

Abdomen—Page.
dropsy affecting, causes, symptoms, and treatment[47]
inflammation, causes, symptoms, and treatment[224]
of calf, dropsy, description, and treatment[180]
wounds, causes, symptoms, and treatment[43]
Abdominal cavity, kinds of parasites affecting[529]
Abortion—
contagious—
description and causes[165]
treatment and prevention[170]
noncontagious—
causes[165]
treatment[170]
Abscess—
bacteria causing[237]
ear treatment[355]
lung, description[99]
navel, cause and treatment[249]
orbital and periorbital, symptoms and treatment[352]
Abscesses—
danger in castration of cattle[300]
treatment[295]
Absorbents, description[75]
Achorion schonleinii, fungus causing Tinea favosa[332]
Acids—
mineral, poisoning, description and treatment[54]
poisoning, description and treatment[54]
vegetable, poisonous, description and treatment[61]
Aconite poisoning, description and treatment[63]
Actinomycosis—
description and symptoms[440]–[449]
jawbone, description and treatment[442]
lungs[442]
prevention and treatment[445]–[446]
relation to public health[447]
Adenoma, description[310]
Administration of medicines, chapter by Leonard Pearson[7]–[11]
Afterbirth, retention, causes, symptoms, and treatment[220]
Air tubes, lung, parasites affecting, description and treatment[530]
Air under the skin, description, symptoms, and treatment[334]
Albumin, urine, description and treatment[121]
Albuminuria, description and treatment[121]
Alkalies, poisoning, description and treatment[59]
Amaurosis, causes, symptoms, and treatment[348]
Anaphrodisia, cause, prevention, and treatment[149]
Anasarca of the skin, causes, symptoms, and treatment[330]
Anesthesia, uses in operations[289]
Aneurism, description[85]
Angioma tumor, description[310]
Animal Industry Bureau, experiments against hemorrhagic septicemia[401]
Animal parasites of cattle, chapter by B. H. Ransom[502]–[531]
Animal products, poisonous, description and treatment[71]
Anthrax—
cause, symptoms, treatment, etc.[449]–[458]
human, description[458]
serum, relation to blackleg[458]
symptomatic, description, cause, treatment, etc.[449]–[458]
treatment by use of serum[455]

Aphtha, calf, description and treatment[263]
Aphtha parasite (Saccharomyces albicans), cause[263]
Aphthous fever. See Foot-and-mouth disease.
Aphthous stomatitis, reference[532]
Apoplexy—
cerebral, description and treatment[106]
parturient, description, symptoms, and treatment[226]
Appetite—
depraved, description, causes and treatment[28]
Loss, symptom of foot-and-mouth disease[383]
Aqueous humor of eye, description[341]
Argentina, foot-and-mouth disease[386]
Arsenic poisoning, description, symptoms, and treatment[54]
Arsenical dips—
for destroying cattle ticks[488]
use against screw worms[507]
Arsenical vapor, danger of inhalation in making cattle dip[489]
Arteries—
and veins, wounds, description and treatment[83]
obstruction, description and treatment[85]
Ascaris vitulorum, intestinal roundworm
description and treatment[524]
Ascites—
causes, symptoms, and treatment[47]
description and treatment[180]
Asepsis in surgical operations[289]
Aseptic periostitis, description and treatment[266]
Asphyxia electrica, symptoms and treatment[111]
Atkinson, V. T.—
chapter on "Bones: Diseases and accidents"[264]–[288]
chapter on "Poison and poisoning"[51]–[70]
Atrophy, description[81]
Auscultation, definition[91]
Austria-Hungary, foot-and-mouth disease[386]
Bacillus—
cyanogenes, causing blue milk[242]
tuberculosis, (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), (new terminology) causing tuberculosis[407]
Back, sprain, causes and treatment[270]
Bacteria—
causing abscess[237]
definition[360]
Bacterium bovisepticum, causing hemorrhagic septicemia[397]
Balkan countries, foot-and-mouth disease[386]
Ball—
eye, description[340]
hair, in stomach, description[29]
Balls, use in administering medicines[8]
Bee stings, description and treatment[71]
Beef measles, discussion and management[529]
Belgium, foot-and-mouth disease[386]
Benign tumors, description[306]
Big jaw. See Actinomycosis.
Black quarter. See Blackleg.
Blackleg—
description, cause and treatment[459], [464]
serum, relation to anthrax[458]
vaccine, note on distribution by Animal Industry Bureau[463]
Bladder—
eversion, description, and treatment[218]
or rectum, full, as obstruction to parturition[178]
palsy of neck, cause and treatment[130]
paralysis, causes and treatment[128]
rupture, symptoms[218]
spasms, description and treatment[128]
stone, symptoms and treatment[142]

Bladder worms—
affecting brain, description and treatment[528]
thin-necked, description and treatment[528]
Bleeding—
description and treatment[83]
lungs, description and treatment[99]
navel, cause and treatment[248]
nose, cause and treatment[93]
womb, description, symptoms, and treatment[214]
Blisters, water, symptoms and treatment[328]
Bloating, causes, symptoms, and treatment[22]
Blood—
clots on walls of vagina, description and treatment[220]
coagulated, under vaginal walls after calving, treatment[179]
description and influence of food on[75]
flukes (Schistosoma bovis), note[526]
parasites affecting, different kinds[526]
protozoa affecting[510]–[536]
vessels—
functions[73]
heart, lymphatics, diseases, chapter by W. H. Harbaugh[73]–[86]
Bloodsuckers affecting cattle, description and treatment[519]
Bloody milk, cause and treatment[241]
Bloody urine—
caused by blood flukes[526]
description, symptoms, and treatment[119]
Blue disease, cause[253]
Blue lice (Hæmatopinus eurysternus and H. vitali)
description[512]
Blue milk, cause and treatment[242]
Boils, causes, symptoms, and treatment[328]
Bones—
broken, description of kinds and treatment[271]–[282]
diseases and accidents, chapter by V. T. Atkinson[264]–[288]
dislocations, description and treatment[282]
face, fracture, description, and treatment[277]
luxations, description and treatment[282]
manner of nourishment[264]
number and description[264]
shape, classes[265]
Bony tumor, description and treatment[314]
Boophilus annulatus, Texas fever tick. See Margaropus annulatus.
Bots affecting cattle, description and treatment[507]
Bovine tuberculosis and the public health[429]
Bowel hernia, description and treatment[39]
Bowels—
diseases affecting, causes, symptoms, and treatment[34]–[43]
obstruction resulting from invagination, symptoms and treatment[35]
twisting and knotting, symptoms, post-mortem appearance
and treatment[35]
Bowel hernia, description and treatment[39]
Brain—
and its membranes, inflammation, causes, symptoms, and treatment[103]
bladder worms affecting, treatment[527]
Cœnurus cerebralis (Multiceps multiceps) affecting, treatment[527]
concussion, cause, symptoms, and treatment[107]
congestion, description and treatment[106]
description[101]
tumors, description[112]
Brazil, foot-and-mouth disease[386]
Breach—
navel, symptoms and treatment[252]
uterus, cause and treatment[162]
Breathing, suspended in young calves, discussion[247]
Bronchial tubes, parasites affecting[530]

Bronchitis—
description, symptoms, and treatment[94]
verminous—
description, symptoms, treatment, and prevention[100]
parasite (Strongylus micrurus), cause[100]
Brush, report of foot-and-mouth disease in man[394]
Buffalo gnats, description and remedy[505]
Bull, ringing, method[291]
Bulls, susceptibility to sarcoptic mange[517]
Burns and scalds, causes and treatment[333]
Calculi—
classification[137]
forms in different situations[138]
in prepuce or sheath, treatment[144]
renal, description and treatment[139]
urethral, description and treatment[139]
urinary—
classification[137]
description and causes[130]
effect of different feeds[131]
Calculus—
blocking teats, treatment[243]
prevention[141]
vesical or urethral, symptoms and treatment[142]
Calf—
attention necessary at birth[247]
diphtheria, description, symptoms, and treatment[464]–[469]
dropsy—
general, cause and treatment[180]
of abdomen, description and treatment[180]
monstrosities, descriptions, causes, and treatment[182]–[184]
muscles, rigid contraction, cause and treatment[181]
slinking, description[165]
swelling, caused by gas, treatment[181]
tumors affecting, description and treatment[181]
Calves—
congenital imperfections, kinds[263]
indigestion affecting, causes, symptoms, and treatment[34]
newborn, acute scouring, description, prevention and treatment[261]
pyemic and septicemic inflammation, symptoms and treatment[251]
young—
aphtha, or thrush, affecting, description and treatment[233]
constipation affecting, cause and treatment[253]
diseases affecting, chapter by James Law[247]–[263]
rickets affecting, description and treatment[263]
ulcers in mouth, causes, symptoms, and treatment[464]
Calving—
dropping and palsy following, description and treatment[233]
retarded by nervousness[179]
symptoms[173]
Canada, source of foot-and-mouth infection[386]
Cancer, description and treatment[315]
Capsule, eye, description[342]
Capsules, use in administering medicines[8]
Carbolic-acid poisoning, description and treatment[60]
Carbon dioxid, formation in preparing cattle dip[489]
Carbuncle, description[458]
Carcinoma, description and treatment[315]
Caries, teeth, description[16]
Carpus, fracture, description and treatment[281]
Cartilage, ear, necrosis affecting[357]
Caruncula lacrimalis of eye, description[344]
Casein concretions blocking teats, cause and treatment[343]
Casting the withers, cause and treatment[215]

Castration—
dangers and care[299]–[301]
of female, description of operation[300]
of male, description of operation[299]
Cataract, causes, symptoms, and treatment[348]
Catarrh—
description, symptoms, and treatment[92], [93]
gastrointestinal, causes, symptoms, and treatment[32], [33]
malignant, description, symptoms, and treatment[469]–[472]
nasal, description, symptoms, and treatment[92]
Catarrhal fever, infectious, description, symptoms
and treatment[469]–[472]
Cats, ear ticks on, note[518]
Cattle—
animal parasites affecting, chapter by B. H. Ransom[502]–[531]
dip, preparation and use[488]–[494]
dose of vaccine against anthrax[459]
drenching, care of lungs[522]
farcy, description and treatment[501]
infected with anthrax, description[458]
infection with sarcoptic mange[517]
infectious diseases, chapter by John R. Mohler[358]–[501]
infestation with tapeworm[523]
injury by use of petroleum against ticks[494]
loss of blood by inoculations, limits of safety[500]
northern, immunization against Texas fever, manner[498]
parasitic diseases, prevention[510]
plague. See Rinderpest.
protection from flies, formulas for mixtures[502]–[503]
rabies affecting, description, symptoms, etc[402]–[406]
southern, injury by ticks[482]
tick, Margaropus annulatus, as carrier of Texas fever[480]
ticks—
injurious effects of and losses caused by[481]–[485]
methods of ridding cattle of[485]–[494]
tumors affecting, chapter by John R. Mohler[303]–[319]
Cerebral apoplexy, description and treatment[106]
Cerebrospinal division, description[101]
Chapped teats, cause and treatment[243]
Charbon. See Anthrax.
Chest, dropsy affecting, description and treatment[99]
Children, infection with foot-and-mouth disease[394]
China, foot-and-mouth disease[386]
Choking, symptoms and treatment[20]
Chorioptic mange, location and treatment[517]
Choroid coat of the eye, description[342]
Chrondroma tumor, description and treatment[314]
Chronic tympanites, cause and treatment[25]
Coal-oil poisoning, description and treatment[59]
Cœnurus cerebralis (Multiceps multiceps) affecting brain, treatment[527]
Coital exanthema, description, symptoms, and treatment[401]
Cold in the head, description, symptoms, and treatment[92]
Colic, causes, symptoms, and treatment[31]
Concussion of the brain, cause, symptoms, and treatment[107]
Congenital imperfections in calves, kinds[263]
Congestion—
and inflammation of testicles, description and treatment[152]
brain, description and treatment[106]
liver, description, symptoms, and treatment[45]
spinal cord, description, symptoms, and treatment[110]
bladder, description and treatment[233]
Conjunctivitis—
causes, symptoms, and treatment[344]
infectious catarrhal, symptoms, treatment and prevention[345]
Connecticut, foot-and-mouth disease[388]

Constipation—
cause and treatment[36]
young calves, cause and treatment[253]
Contagious—
abortion—
causes[165]–[172]
prevention and treatment[170]
diseases, disinfection of premises[363]
inflammation of the udder, description, prevention, and treatment[237]
mammitis, description, prevention, and treatment[237]
pleuropneumonia—
cause, incubation, and symptoms[369]
definition and history[366]
post-mortem appearance[373]
prevention and treatment[377]
scouring, acute, in newborn calves, description, prevention, and treatment[261]
Contused or lacerated wounds, description and treatment[298]
Contusion of lips, wounds, and snake bites of mouth, symptoms and treatment[14]
Copper poisoning, description and treatment[56]
Cornea—
eye, description[341]
ulcers, cause, symptoms, and treatment[347]
Corneal dermatoma, description and treatment[349]
Corneitis, causes, symptoms, and treatment[345]
Cough, examination[89]
Cow, pregnant, hygiene[160]
Cowpox, description, symptoms, and treatment[240], [438]
Cows, milk, protection from flies[503]
Cramps of hind limbs during pregnancy, cause[162]
Cranium, fracture, description and treatment[278]
Creeps, description, symptoms, and treatment[267]
Cresol—
compound solution, composition and use[366]
use in foot-and-mouth disease[393]
Croupous enteritis, description, symptoms, and treatment[35]
Crude petroleum—
danger to cattle in use against ticks[494]
dip for destroying cattle ticks[491]
Cud, loss, description[27]
Cuts, barbed-wire, description and treatment[297]
Cyanosis, cause[81], [253]
Cysts—
dental, description and treatment[318]
dermoid—
and sebaceous, description and treatment[330]
description and treatment[318]
description[308]
extravasation, description[317]
mucous, description and treatment[319]
parasitic, description[317]
proliferation, description and treatment[319]
serous, description and treatment[318]
Dairy business, injury by foot-and-mouth disease[384]
Dandruff, causes, symptoms, and treatment[329]
Deformities, hoof, causes and treatment[338]
Dehorning, description[292]
Delaware, foot-and-mouth disease[388]
Demodectic mange, description and treatment[517]
Denmark, foot-and-mouth disease[386]
Dental cysts, description and treatment[318]
Dermis, description[320]
Dermoid cysts, description and treatment[318], [330]
Diabetes—
insipidus, cause and treatment[118]
mellitus, description[123]

Diarrhea—
and dysentery, causes, symptoms, and treatment[34]
calf, causes, symptoms, and treatment[32]
causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment[254]–[261]
See also Gastrointestinal catarrh.
Dickson, William, and William H. Lowe, chapter on "Surgical operations"[289]–[302]
Digestive organs, diseases affecting, chapter by A. J. Murray[14]–[50]
Dilatation and hypertrophy of heart, description[82]
Diphtheria, calf, description, cause, treatment, etc[464]–[469]
Dipping—
bath, cattle, temperature[490]
remedy for screw worms[506]
Dips—
arsenical, protection of hands in use[493]
cattle, for ticks[494]–[498]
mange and scab[513], [514]
Disinfection, house, methods[363]
Dislocation, eyeball, treatment[353]
Dislocations, bones, description and treatment[282]
Diuresis, causes and treatment[118]
Dogs, ear tick[518]
Drainage, usefulness in prevention of fluke diseases[527]
Drenching tube, use in eradicating worms[522]
Dropping, following calving, description and treatment[233]
Dropsy—
abdomen, causes, symptoms, and treatment[47]
abdomen of calf, description and treatment[180]
chest, description and treatment[99]
general, of calf, cause and treatment[180]
hind limbs and between thighs, during pregnancy, cause[162]
membranes of fetus, description and treatment[162]
navel, description and treatment[253]
womb, description and treatment[162]
Dysentery—
and diarrhea, causes, symptoms, and treatment[34]
chronic bacterial, description, treatment, etc[498]
red, note[531]
See also Gastrointestinal catarrh.
Dyspepsia, causes, symptoms, and treatment[29]
Ear tick, spinose, presence in cattle, horses, dogs, etc[518]
Ears—
abscess affecting, treatment[355]
cartilage, necrosis affecting[357]
diseases affecting, chapter by M. R. Trumbower[355]–[357]
enchondroma, description and treatment[357]
foreign bodies lodging in, symptoms and treatment[356]
frostbite, symptoms and treatment[357]
fungoid growths, cause and treatment[356]
internal inflammation, symptoms and treatment[355]
lacerations, cause and treatment[357]
scurvy, cause and treatment[356]
ticks affecting, treatment[518]
Echinococcus granulosus, hydatid, description[528]
Ectropion of the eyelid, description and treatment[350]
Eczema—
description, causes, symptoms, and treatment[325]
epizootic, reference[383]
Edema—
causes, symptoms, and treatment[330]
malignant, description, symptoms, and treatment[472]–[474]
Elephantiasis, description[330]
Emaciation, symptom of foot-and-mouth disease[383]
Emphysema, description and treatment[98], [334]
Enchondroma, ear, description and treatment[357]
Encysted stomach worm, description and treatment[523]
Endocarditis, description and treatment[81]

Enemata, uses and methods[9]
Enteritis—
causes, symptoms, post-mortem appearance, and treatment[35]
croupous, description, symptoms, and treatment[35]
simple. See Gastroenteritis.
Entropion, eyelid, description and treatment[350]
Epidermis, description[320]
Epilepsy, description, cause, and treatment[107]
Epistaxis, cause and treatment[93]
Epizootic aphtha, reference[383]
Ergotism—
and mycotic stomatitis, differentiation[536]
description and treatment[69]
Eruption, vesicular, of genital organs, description, symptoms, and treatment[401]
Erythema, description, causes, and treatment[323]
Eversion—
bladder, description and treatment[218]
eyelid, description and treatment[350]
womb, cause and treatment[215]
Extra-uterine gestation, description and treatment[163]
Extravasation cysts, description[317]
Eye—
and its appendages, diseases affecting, chapter by M. R. Trumbower[340]–[354]
aqueous humor, description[341]
capsule, description[342]
caruncula, lacrimalis affecting[344]
choroid coat, description[342]
cornea—
description[341]
ulcers affecting, cause, symptoms, and treatment[347]
description[340]
foreign bodies penetrating, treatment[351]
lens, description[342]
muscles, description[343]
parasites affecting, treatment[349], [531]
puncta lacrimalia, description[344]
retina, description[342]
roundworms affecting, treatment[524]
sclerotic membrane, description[341]
vitreous humor, description[342]
Eyeball—
description[340]
dislocation, cause and treatment[353]
hairy tumor affecting, description and treatment[349]
Eyelashes, inversion, treatment[350]
Eyelids—
description[343]
ectropion affecting, description and treatment[350]
entropion, description and treatment[350]
eversion, description and treatment[350]
inversion, description and treatment[350]
laceration, cause and treatment[351]
tumors affecting, description and treatment[350]
Face bones, fracture, description and treatment[277]
Farcy, cattle, description and treatment[501]
Fasciola hepatica, description[526]
Fasciola magna, description[526]
Fatty degeneration, heart, description[82]
Feed, character, analyses, effect on milk[256]–[258]
Feeding—
character, effect on digestive organs[12]
value as remedy for stomach worms[521]–[523]

"Feeding-lot" method of freeing cattle and pastures from ticks[494]–[497]
Fetlock—
fracture below, treatment[282]
sprain, causes and treatment[269]
Fetus—
developing outside womb, description and treatment[163]
membranes, dropsy affecting, description and treatment[162]
prolonged retention, description and treatment[164]
Fever—
milk, description, symptoms, and treatment[226]–[237]
parturition, description, symptoms, and treatment[226]
southern, splenetic, or Texas. See Texas fever.
Fibroma—
interdigital, description and treatment[338]
tumor, description and treatment[311]
Fibrous periostitis, description and treatment[266]
Filaria cervina, worm found in the eye[349]
Filaria lablato-papillosa, parasitic roundworm of cattle[524]
Filaria oculi, description and treatment[349]
Fissure of the wall of hoof, description and treatment[338]
Fistula, milk, description and treatment[245]
Flies—
injurious to cattle[502]–[506]
larval, note[502]
Flooding from womb, description and treatment[214]
Fluke disease, control by use of lime[526]
Flukes, prevention by drainage[526]
Fly—
Spanish, poison, description and treatment[70]
stable, breeding places[503]
Fly preventives, injury to cattle by poisoning[503]
Flytrap, use against stable flies[503]
Fluke, disease of cattle[526]
Flukes, liver and lungs, description[526]
Foods, character, effect on digestive organs[12]
Foot—
diseases affecting, chapter by M. R. Trumbower[335]–[339]
foul, causes, symptoms, and treatment[336]
soreness, description and treatment[335]
Foot rot, causes, symptoms, and treatment[336]
Foot-and-mouth disease—
benign, simple, or noninfectious[535]
danger to man[394]–[395]
description, cause, symptoms, etc.[383]–[395]
diagnosis[391]–[392]
eradication by slaughter, efficacy[394]
incubation period[384]
losses other than by death of animal[384]
mortality[384], [391]
occurrence in various countries of world[385]–[386]
prevention and eradication[392]–[394]
similarity to mycotic stomatitis[536]
symptoms in man[383], [389]–[391]
incubation period[394]
United States, outbreaks[386]–[389]
Forage, insects on, description of poisonous effect[70]
Formaldehyde gas, liberation by use of permanganate[365]
Foul in foot, causes, symptoms, and treatment[336]
Founder, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment[335]
Fractures—
below hock and fetlock, description and treatment[282]
compound, comminuted, and complicated[271]
description of different kinds, and treatment[271]–[282]
face bones, description and treatment[277]
general symptoms and treatment[272], [273]
hip point, causes and treatment[280]

horns, description and treatment[277]
limbs, description and appliances for treatment[281]–[2]
lower jaw, cause and treatment[278]
metacarpus and metatarsus, description and treatment[282]
pelvis, description and treatment[178], [279]
ribs, cause and treatment[281]
special, descriptions and treatment[277]
spinal column, description and treatment[279]
verterbra, description and treatment[279]
France, foot-and-mouth disease[385]
Froesch, note on destruction of foot-and-mouth infection[395]
Frostbites—
ears, symptoms and treatment[357]
treatment[334]
Fungi, poisonous, description of poisoning[70]
Fungoid growth of the ear, cause and treatment[356]
Fungus hematodes—
cause and treatment[353]
description[316]
Furunculus, causes, symptoms, and treatment[328]
Ganglionic division of the nervous system[103]
Gangrene, danger in castration of cattle[300]
Gangrenous septicemia, symptoms and treatment[472]
Garget, description and treatment[233]
Gas—
cause of swelling in calf, treatment[181]
under the skin, symptoms and treatment[334]
Gastroenteritis, causes, symptoms, and treatment[33]
Gastrointestinal catarrh, causes, symptoms, and treatment[29], [32]
Generative organs—
diseases, chapter by James Law[147]–[214]
discussion[147]
Genital organs, vesicular eruption affecting, description
symptoms, and treatment[401]
Germany, foot-and-mouth disease[385]–[386]
Gestation, extra-uterine, description and treatment[163]
Gid, parasite of sheep and cattle[528]
Glands, skin, location and use[321]
Gnats, buffalo, description and remedy[505]
Goiter, cause, description, symptoms, and treatment[310]
Gonorrhea, description and treatment[156]
Gravel—
description and cause[130]
effect of different feeds[132]
in prepuce or sheath, treatment[144]
Great Britain, foot-and-mouth disease[386]
Grubs, cattle, description[507]
Gullet—
diseases affecting, description, symptoms, and treatment[17]–[22]
wounds and injuries, cause and treatment[22]
Gut tie, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment[41]
Hæmatopinus eurysternus and H. vituli, description and treatment[508]
Hæmonchus contortus, description and treatment[519]
Hair balls, cause[29]
Hair, description[320]
Harbaugh, W. H.—
chapter on "Diseases of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatics"[73]–[86]
chapter on "Diseases of the nervous system"[101]–[112]
Haw, inflammation and enlargement, description and treatment[354]
Health, public, relation of actinomycosis[447]
Heart—
blood vessels and lymphatics, chapter by W. H. Harbaugh[73]–[86]
description[73]
dilation and hypertrophy, description[82]

examination of[77]
fatty degeneration, description[82]
injury by foreign bodies, description, symptoms, and treatment[78]
misplacement, description[83]
palpitation, description[78]
rupture, description[82]
valves, diseases affecting, symptoms and treatment[82]
Heat prostration, symptoms and treatment[108]
Heaves, description and treatment[98]
Heel, ulcerations, causes and treatment[337]
Hemaglobinuria or hematuria, description, symptoms, and treatment[119]
Hematodes, fungus, description[316]
Hemoptysis, description and treatment[99]
Hemorrhage—
danger in castration of cattle[300]
treatment[83]
Hemorrhagic septicemia, causes, symptoms, etc[397]–[401]
Hepatitis, symptoms and treatment[45]
Hernia—
bowel, description and treatment[38]
danger in castration of cattle[300]
peritoneal, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment[41]
rennet, description and treatment[38]
rumen, description and cause[37]
stomach, description and treatment[38]
umbilical, description, causes, and treatment[41], [252]
uterus, cause and treatment[162]
ventral, description and causes[37]
Hides, injury by cattle ticks[484]
Hip point, fracture, causes and treatment[280]
Hip sprain, cause and treatment[270]
Hock—
fracture below, description and treatment[282]
fracture, treatment[281]
Hollow horn, imaginary disease[27]
Hoof—
deformities, causes and treatment[338]
loss, causes and treatment[336]
split, description and treatment[338]
wall, fissure affecting, description and treatment[338]
wounds and pricks, treatment[338]
Horns, fracture, description and treatment[277]
Horses—
dose of vaccine against anthrax[457]
ear tick, note[518]
Hoven, causes, symptoms, and treatment[22]
Hydatids—
and flukes affecting the lungs of animals[526]
description and treatment[526]
Hydrocephalus, description and treatment[179]
Hydrophobia. See Rabies.
Hydrothorax, description and treatment[99]
Hygiene, pregnant cow[160]
Hygromata, description and treatment[317]
Hyperplasia, reference[303]
Hypertrophy—
description[128]
heart, with dilation, description[82]
Hypoderma bovis, new warble fly[507]
Hypoderma lineata, warble fly, description[507]
Illinois, foot-and-mouth disease[388]
Immunization, northern cattle against Texas fever, manner[500]
Impetigo, description, causes, and treatment[327]
Incised wounds, description and treatment[295]
Incontinence, urine, cause and treatment[130]

Incubation period of infectious diseases[362]
Indiana, foot-and-mouth disease[388]
Indigestion—
calves, causes, symptoms, and treatment[32], [253]
causes, symptoms, and treatment[26], [29], [31]
Induration—
tongue. See Actinomycosis.
womb mouth, description and treatment[176]
Infectious aphtha. See Foot-and-mouth disease.
Infectious catarrhal conjunctivitis, symptoms, treatment, and prevention[345]
Infectious catarrhal fever, description, symptoms, and treatment [469]–[472]
Infectious diseases—
cattle, chapter by John R. Mohler[358]–[511]
classification of symptoms and lesions[359]
general discussion[358]
incubation periods[362]
treatment, discussion[362]
Infectious ophthalmia, or infectious catarrhal conjunctivitis[345]
Inflammation—
brain and its membranes, causes, symptoms, and treatment[103]
contagious, of the udder, description, prevention, and treatment[237]
ear, symptoms and treatment[355]
haw, description and treatment[354]
kidneys, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment[123]
liver, symptoms and treatment[45]
mucous membrane of mouth, symptoms and treatment[17]
navel veins, description, symptoms, and treatment[249]
parotid gland, symptoms and treatment[18]
pyemic and septicemic, of joints of calves, symptoms and treatment[251]
sheath and penis from bruising, prevention and treatment[155]
sheath, causes and treatment[153]
spleen, description[45]
testicles, description and treatment[152]
traumatic, of the stomach, cause, symptoms, and treatment[34]
udder, description, symptoms, and treatment[234]
urachus, causes and treatment[248]
urethra, description and treatment[156]
vagina, causes and treatment[223]
veins, description and treatment[86]
womb, causes, symptoms, and treatment[224]
Inflammatory diseases, skin, description, symptoms, and treatment[320]–[334]
Inhalation of medicines, manner[10]
Inoculation, use against hemorrhagic septicemia[401]
Intercostal muscles, rheumatism affecting, description and treatment[100]
Interdigital fibroma, description and treatment[338]
Intestinal parasites, description and treatment[523]
Intestines, roundworms affecting, kind and treatment[532]
Intussusception, causes, symptoms, post-mortem appearance, and treatment[35]
Invagination, cause of obstruction of bowels, symptoms, and treatment[35]
Inversion—
eyelashes, treatment[350]
eyelid, description andtreatment[350]
Iodin, tincture, use in punctured wounds[297]
Iowa, foot-and-mouth disease[388]
Iris, description[341]
Italy, foot-and-mouth disease[385]
Itch, scab, mites, and mange, description and treatment[513]
Itching, cause and treatment[322]
Japan, foot-and-mouth disease[386]
Jaundice, description, symptoms and treatment[44]
Jaw—
big, lump, or lumpy, See Actinomycosis.
lower, fracture, cause and treatment[278]
poverty, caused by twisted wireworms[520]

Jawbones, actinomycosis affecting, description and treatment[440]–[449]
Jensen, formula for protection of cattle from flies[503]
Joint-ill, description, symptoms, and treatment[251]
Kansas, foot-and-mouth disease[388]
Kelis, causes, symptoms, and treatment[331]
Kentucky, foot-and-mouth disease[388]
Keratitis, causes, symptoms, and treatment[345]
Kidney—
ox, description[117]
parasites affecting, discussion[127]
stone in, description and treatment[139]
Kidneys—
inflammation, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment[123]
tumors affecting, description[128]
Knee—
fracture below, description and treatment[282]
fracture, description and treatment[281]
tumors, description and treatment[317]
Knotting and twisting of bowels, causes, symptoms, and treatment[35]
Labor pains before relaxation of passages[175]
Lacerated wounds, description and treatment[298]
Laceration, eyelid, cause and treatment[351]
Lacerations—
and ruptures of the vagina, description and treatment[219]
ear, cause and treatment[357]
Lacrimal gland of the eye, description[343]
Lameness, symptom of foot-and-mouth disease[383]
Laminitis, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment[335]
Laryngitis, cause and treatment[93]
Laurel poisoning, description and treatment[65]
Law, James—
chapter on "Diseases following parturition"[214]–[246]
chapter on "Diseases of the generative organs"[147]–[214]
chapter on "Diseases of the urinary organs"[113]–[146]
chapter on "Diseases of young calves"[247]–[263]
observation of foot-and-mouth disease in man[395]
Lead poisoning, description, symptoms, and treatment[55]
Leeches in cattle, description and treatment[519]
Lens of the eye, description[342]
Leucorrhea, symptoms and treatment[224]
Lice—
blue (Hæmatopinus eurysternus and H. vituli), description and treatment[512]
red, description and treatment[513]
Lightning stroke, symptoms and treatment[111]
Limbs, fracture of bones, description[281]
Lime, use in fluke control[534]
Lipoma tumor, description and treatment[314]
Lips, contusions, wounds, and snake bites, symptoms and treatment[14]
Livestock, immunization against anthrax[457]–[458]
Liver—
congestion, description, symptoms, and treatment[44]
diseases affecting, causes, symptoms, and treatment[44]–[45]
flukes, description and treatment[526]
inflammation affecting, symptoms and treatment[45]
Lockjaw—
danger in castration of cattle[300]
reference[300]
Loco weed poisoning, description and treatment[67]
Loeffler, note on description of foot-and-mouth infection[395]
Louse, red (Trichodectes scalaris), description and treatment[513]
Lowe, William H.—
and William Dickson, chapter on "Surgical operations"[289]–[302]
chapter on "Noncontagious diseases of organs of respiration"[87]–[100]
Lump, or lumpy jaw. See Actinomycosis.

Lung—
abscess, description[99]
tissue, parasites affecting[526]
Lungs—
actinomycosis affecting[443]
bleeding from, description and treatment[99]
bronchial tubes, parasites affecting, description and treatment[530]
parasites affecting, note[526]
worms of cattle, description and treatment[530]
Luxations of bones, description and treatment[282]
Lymphatics—
description[75]
heart, and blood vessels, diseases, chapter by W. H. Harbaugh[73]–[86]
Malignant—
catarrh, description, symptoms, and treatment[469]–[472]
edema, description, symptoms, and treatment[472]–[474]
pustule, description[458]
tumors, description[306]
Mammitis—
contagious, description, prevention, and treatment[237]
simple, description, symptoms, and treatment[234]
Man—
relation to beef measles in cattle[529]
symptoms of foot-and-mouth disease[394]
treatment with anthrax serum[459]
Mange—
common, description and treatment[513]
itch, scab, mites, description and treatment[513]
psoroptic, description and treatment[513]
sarcoptic, cause and treatment[517]
Manure, breeding place for flies[511]
Margaropus annulatus, Texas fever tick[480]
Maryland, foot-and-mouth disease[388]
Massachusetts, foot-and-mouth disease[387], [388]
Measles, beef, discussion and management[529]
Measly beef, description and prevention[529]
Medicines, methods of administration, chapter by Leonard Pearson[7]–[11]
Membrana nictitans of eye, description[343]
Meninges, number and functions[103]
Mercury poisoning, symptoms and treatment[57]
Metacarpus, fracture, description and treatment[282]
Metatarsus, fracture, description, treatment[282]
Metritis, causes, symptoms, and treatment[224]
Metroperitonitis, causes, symptoms, and treatment[224]
Michigan, foot-and-mouth disease[388]
Micrococcus prodigiosus, cause of bloody milk[242]
Microorganisms, transmission[361]
Milk—
absence, cause and treatment[241]
bloody and blue, cause and treatment[239], [240], [241]– [242]
diminution, symptom of foot-and-mouth disease[383]
duct—
closure and thickening of mucous membrane, cause and treatment[244]
closure by membrane, description and treatment[245]
effect of different feeds, analyses[256]–[258]
fever, description, symptoms, and treatment[226]–[237]
fistula, description and treatment[245]
pasteurization as guard against foot-and-mouth infection[395]
source of foot-and-mouth disease infection[394]
stringy, cause and treatment[242]
Mineral—
acid poisoning, description and treatment[58]
poisons, description and kinds[54]
Minnesota, foot-and-mouth disease[388]
Misplacement, heart, description[83]

Mites—
description[511]
mange, itch, scab, description and treatment[513]
Mohler, John R.—
chapter on "Infectious diseases of cattle"[358]–[511]
chapter on "Mycotic stomatitis of cattle"[539]–[544]
chapter on "Tumors affecting cattle"[303]–[320]
Monstrosities, calf, descriptions, causes, and treatment[182]–[184]
Montana, foot-and-mouth disease[384]
Moor-ill, description, symptoms, and treatment[119]
Morphia, poisoning, description and treatment[61]
Mouth—
diseases affecting, symptoms and treatment[14]–[17]
inflammation of the mucous membrane, cause, symptoms, and treatment[17]
sore, characteristic differences from foot-and-mouth disease[391]–[392]
ulcers affecting, in young calves. See Necrotic stomatitis.
Mucopurulent discharge from passages, symptoms and treatment[224]
Mucous cysts, description and treatment[319]
Mucous membrane—
of mouth, inflammation, cause, symptoms, and treatment[17]
thickening and closure of milk duct, cause and treatment[244]
Multiceps multiceps (bladderworm), parasite of brain[527]
Murray, A. J., chapter on "Diseases of digestive organs"[12]–[50]
Muscles—
calf, rigid contraction, cause, and treatment[181]
eye, description[343]
intercostal, rheumatism affecting, description and treatment[100]
Mycotic stomatitis—
cattle, chapter by John R. Mohler[539]–[542]
character, cause, symptoms, lesions, etc.[540]
characteristic differences from foot-and-mouth disease[391]–[392]
differential diagnosis and treatment[542]
prevalence[539]
synonyms[539]
Myocarditis, description, symptoms, and treatment[81]
Myoma tumor, description and treatment[309]
Myxoma tumor, description and treatment[314]
Nagana, description, symptoms, and treatment[510]
Nasal catarrh, description, symptoms, and treatment[92]
Navel—
abscess affecting, causes and treatment[99]
bleeding, cause, and treatment[248]
breach, symptoms, and treatment[252]
dropsy, description and treatment[253]
string, constricting member of fetus, description[179]
urine discharged through, description and treatment[248]
urine duct, inflammation, cause, and treatment[248]
veins, inflammation, description, causes, and treatment[249]
Necrosis—
and diseases of cartilage of the ear, cause and treatment[357]
bony orbit, cause and treatment[352]
Necrotic stomatitis—
characteristic differences from foot-and-mouth disease[391]
description, symptoms, and treatment[464]–[469]
differentiation from foot-and-mouth disease[391]
Neoformation and neoplasm. See Tumors.
Nephritis, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment[123]
Nerves, description[101]–[103]
Nervous system, diseases, chapter by W. H. Harbaugh[101]–[112]
Nervousness, cause of retarding calving[179]
Netherlands, foot-and-mouth disease[386]
Nettle rash, description, causes, and treatment[324]
Neurofibroma tumor, description and treatment[310]
New Hampshire, foot-and-mouth disease[387]–[388]
New Jersey, foot-and-mouth disease[388]

New York, foot-and-mouth disease[388]
Nicotin dip, directions for making[516]
Nodular disease of intestines due to hookworms, note[525]
Noncontagious—
abortion—
causes[165]
treatment[167]
diseases of organs of respiration, chapter by William H. Lowe[87]–[100]
foot-and-mouth disease, reference[532]
Norway, foot-and-mouth disease[386]
Nose bleeding, cause and treatment[93]
Nymphomania in female, cause and treatment[148]
Obstruction—
arteries, description and treatment[85]
bowels, resulting from invagination, causes, symptoms, etc[35]
parturition by full bladder or rectum[178]
parturition by masses of fat, cause[178]
Œsophagostomum radiatum, parasite causing nodular disease, treatment[525]
Ohio, foot-and-mouth disease[388]
Oidirum albicans, parasite causing aphtha, or thrush[263]
Operations—
asepsis, importance of[289]
surgical—
chapter by William Dickson, William H. Lowe[289]–[302]
manner of securing the animals[289]
uses of anesthesia[289]
Ophthalmia—
simple, causes, symptoms, and treatment[344]
specific, symptoms, treatment, and prevention[345]
Opium poisoning, description and treatmenth[61]
Orbit—
bony, necrosis affecting, cause and treatment[352]
fracture, cause and treatment[352]
tumors, cause and treatment[353]
Orbital—
and periorbital abscess, symptoms and treatment[352]
cavity of the eye, description[342]
Orchitis, description and treatment[152]
Ornithodoros megnini, ear tick of cattle[518]
Osteitis, description and treatment[265]
Osteoma, description and treatment[314]
Osteomalacia, description, symptoms, and treatment[267]
Osteomyelitis, description and treatment[266]
Ostertagia ostertagi, encysted stomach worm of cattle[523]
Otitis, symptoms and treatment[355]
Otobius megnini, ear tick[518]
Ovariotomy, description of the operation[301]
Ovum, inclosed, description and treatment[181]
Ox warbles and grubs, treatment[507]
Pains, labor, before relaxation of passages[175]
Palpitation of heart, description[76]
Palsy—
following calving, description and treatment[233]
of neck of bladder, cause and treatment[130]
Papillary growths and warts on the penis, treatment[156]
Papilloma, description and treatment[312]
Paralysis—
bladder, causes and treatment[130]
description[109]
hind parts during pregnancy, cause and treatment[163]
rear parts of body, cause[109]
Paramphistonum cervi, parasite affecting cattle[519]
Paraplegia, symptoms and treatment[110]

Parasites—
animal, of cattle, chapter by B. H. Ransom[502]–[531]
blood, kinds[530]
bronchial tubes, description and treatment[530]
ear, kinds and treatment[518]
eye, kinds and treatment[531]
intestinal tract, kinds and treatment[523]
kidney, discussion[125]
lung, kinds[530]
stomach, kinds and treatment[519]
Parasitic—
cysts, description[317]
diseases of the skin, description and treatment[332]
Parotid gland, inflammation, cause, symptoms, and treatment[18]
Parotitis, causes, symptoms, and treatment[18]
Parturient—
apoplexy, description, symptoms, and treatment[226]
collapse, description, symptoms, and treatment[226]
fever, description, symptoms, and treatment[226]
Parturition—
difficult, suggestions for assisting[74]
diseases following, chapter by James Law[214]–[245]
obstacles, causes[174]
Pasteurization, value in check of foot-and-mouth infection[395]
Pastures, how to free from ticks[490]
Paunch, distention with food, description and treatment[26]
Pearson, Leonard, chapter on "Administration of medicines"[7]–[11]
Pelvis—
fracture, description and treatment[279]
narrow, fracture, cause of difficult parturition[178]
Pemphigus, symptoms and treatment[328]
Penis—
inflammation from bruising, prevention and treatment[155]
ulcers affecting, cause and treatment[157]
warts and papillary growths, treatment[156]
wounds, cause and treatment[156]
Pennsylvania, foot-and-mouth disease[388]
Percussion method of examination[92]
Pericarditis, symptoms and treatment[79]
Periorbital and orbital abscess, symptoms and treatment[352]
Periostitis, aseptic, purulent, and fibrous, description and treatment[265]
Peritoneal hernia, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment[41]
Peritoneum, diseases affecting, causes, symptoms, and treatment[45]–[47]
Peritonitis—
causes, symptoms, and treatment[45], [46]
danger in castration of cattle[300]
Permanganate, use in production of formaldehyde gas[365]
Persistent urachus, description and treatment[248]
Pharyngeal polypi, description and treatment[19]
Pharyngitis, symptoms, causes, and treatment[17]
Pharynx—
diseases, description, symptoms, and treatment[19], [22]
tumors affecting, description and treatment[19]
Philippine Islands, foot-and-mouth disease[386]
Phlebitis—
description and treatment[86]
umbilical, description, symptoms, and treatment[249]
Phosphorus poisoning, symptoms and treatment[57]
Pica, description, causes, and treatment[28]
Pink eye. See Ophthalmia.
Piroplasma bigeminum, protozoan causing Texas fever[530]
Pityriasis, causes, symptoms, and treatment[329]
Plants, poisonous, description of poisoning[63]–[69]
Pleurisy, description, symptoms, and treatment[95]
Pleurodynia, description and treatment[100]

Pleuropneumonia—
cause, incubation, and symptoms[369]
definition and history[366]
post-mortem appearance[373]
prevention and treatment[377]
Pneumonia, description, symptoms, and treatment[96]
Pneumothorax, description and treatment[99]
Poison, definition[51]
Poisoning—
acid, description and treatment[58]
aconite, description and treatment[59]
alkali, description and treatment[63]
animal products, description and treatment[69]
arsenic, description, symptoms, and treatment[54]
carbolic acid, description and treatment[60]
chapter by V. T. Atkinson[51]–[72]
coal oil, description and treatment[59]
copper, description and treatment[56]
fungi, description[70]
laurel, description and treatment[65]
lead, description, symptoms, and treatment[55]
loco weed, description and treatment[67]
mercury, description, symptoms, and treatment[57]
phosphorus, symptoms and treatment[57]
plant, description[63]
salt and saltpeter, description, symptoms, and treatment[60]–[61]
sources[51]
strychnin, description and treatment[62]
symptoms and treatment[53]
Poisonous—
fungi, description[68]
plants, description[63]–[69]
Poisons—
chapter by V. T. Atkinson[51]–[72]
description of action[52]
mineral, descriptions[54]–[58]
vegetables, uses as medicine[61]–[71]
Polydesmus excitans, effect on cattle[13]
Polypi—
description and treatment[313]
pharyngeal, description and treatment[19]
vagina or uterus, description and treatment[157]
Polyuria, causes and treatment[118]
Pork measles, note[536]
Potash, permanganate, use in production of formaldehyde gas[365]
Poverty jaw and scours, caused by twisted wireworm, treatment[527]
Pregnancy—
cramps of hind limbs during, cause[162]
duration[160]
signs[157]
Pregnant cow, hygiene[160]
Prepuce, calculi affecting, treatment[144]
Presentation of fetus, natural[173]
Pricks, hoof, treatment[338]
Probang, use in prevention of choking[21]
Prolapsus vaginæ, description and treatment[162]
Proliferation cysts, description and treatment[319]
Prostration, heat, symptoms and treatment[108]
Protozoa—
as intestinal parasites, note[526]
definition[359]
Protrusion, vagina, description and treatment[162]
Pruritis, causes and treatment[322]
Pseudoplasm. See Tumors.
Psoroptic mange, description and treatment[513]

Pucinia arundinacea, P. coronata, P. graminis, P. straminis, effect on cattle[13]
Pulmonary congestion, treatment[98]
Pulse—
description[74]
examination[90]
Puncta lacrimalia of the eye, description[344]
Purulent periostitis, description and treatment[266]
Pustule—
description, causes, and treatment[327]
malignant, in man, description[458]
Pterygium, description and treatment[349]
Pyemia, causes, symptoms, and treatment[395]
Pyemic inflammation of joints in calves, description, symptoms, and treatment[251]
Quarter-ill. See Blackleg.
Rabies, cattle, description, symptoms, etc.[402]–[406]
Rachitis. See Rickets.
Ransom, B. H., chapter on "Animal parasites of cattle"[502]–[531]
Rauschbrand. See Blackleg.
Rectal injections, uses and methods[9]
Rectum—
full, obstruction to parturition[178]
method of administering medicines[9]
Red dysentery, note[526]
Red water, description, symptoms, and treatment[119]
Regulations, sanitary, for controlling Texas fever[49]
Renal calculi, description and treatment[139]
Rennet, hernia affecting, description and treatment[38]
Respiration—
examination[89]
organs, methods of diagnosis[37]
organs, noncontagious diseases affecting, chapter by William H. Lowe[87]–[100]
Retina, eye, description[342]
Rheumatism—
articular and muscular, symptoms, prevention, and treatment[287], [288]
intercostal muscles, description and treatment[101]
Rhode Island, foot-and-mouth disease[387], [388]
Ribs, fracture, cause and treatment[281]
Rickets—
description and treatment[267]
in young calves, description and treatment[263]
Rinderpest, description, cause, symptoms, etc.[379]–[383]
Ringing, bull, method[291]
Ringworm, description, symptoms, and treatment[332]
Roundworms—
description[524]
eye, treatment[531]
intestine, kinds and treatment[523]
stomach, description[519]
Rumen—
distention with food, description and treatment[22]
hernia, description and cause[37]
Rumenotomy, description[294]
Rupture—
bladder, symptoms[218]
danger in castration of cattle[300]
heart, description[82]
womb, cause and treatment[219]
Ruptures—
and lacerations of the vagina, description and treatment[219]–[220]
description and cause[37]

Russia, foot-and-mouth disease[382]
Saccharomyces albicans, parasite of aphtha, or thrush[263]
Salivation—
cause, symptoms, and treatment[15]
symptoms of foot-and-mouth disease[383]
Salt, common, poisoning, description, symptoms, and treatment[61]
Saltpeter poisoning, description, symptoms, and treatment[60]
Salts, medicated, doubtful value against worms[523]
Sarcoma tumor, description and treatment[315]
Satyriasis in male, cause and treatment[148]
Scab, mange, itch, description of kinds and treatment[513]
Scabby teats, treatment[243]
Scalds, causes and treatment[333]
Schistosoma bovis, cause of bloody urine[530]
Scleroderma, description[330]
Sclerotic membrane of eye, description[341]
Scouring—
acute contagious, in newborn calves, description, prevention, and treatment[261]
causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment[253]–[263]
Scours—
and poverty jaw, caused by twisted wireworm, treatment[519]
causes, symptoms, and treatment[32]
Screens, use against flies, remarks[503]
Screwworms—
affecting animals, description and remedy[506]
control by dipping[506]
Scurf, causes, symptoms, and treatment[329]
Scurfy ears, cause and treatment[356]
Sebaceous cysts, description and treatment[330]
Sebaceous glands, location[321]
Seborrhea, causes, symptoms, and treatment[329]
Septicemia—
causes, symptoms, and treatment[395]
gangrenous, description, symptoms, and treatment[472]
hemorrhagic, causes, symptoms, etc.[397]–[401]
hemorrhagic, control by vaccination, etc.[401]
Septicemic inflammation of joints in calves, description, symptoms, and treatment[251]
Serous cysts, description and treatment[318]
Serum, use against anthrax[455]
Setaria labiato-papillosa, embryo in blood, note[529]
Setoning, description and use[293]
Sheath—
calculi affecting, treatment[144]
inflammation, causes and treatment[153]
penis, inflammation from bruising, prevention and treatment[155]
Sheep, dose of vaccine against anthrax[455]
Shoulder joint, sprain, causes and treatment[269]
Skeleton, number of bones[264]
Skin—
description[318]
diseases, chapter by M. R. Trumbower[320]–[334]
gas or air under, symptoms and treatment[334]
glands, location and use[321]
inflammatory diseases, causes and treatment[323]
parasites affecting, description and treatment[502]–[521]
secretions and growths, descriptions, causes, and treatment[329]–[331]
wounds, kinds, description and treatment[333]–[334]
Skull, fracture, description and treatment[278]
Slinking, calf, description[165]
Snake bites, description, symptoms, and treatment[14], [69]
Sore mouth—
characteristic differences from foot-and-mouth disease[391]–[392]
reference[532]

Sore throat, cause and treatment[17], [93]
Sore tongue, reference[533]
Soreness, foot, description and treatment[335]
Southern cattle fever. See Texas fever.
Spanish-fly poisoning, description and treatment[72]
Spasm of the neck of the bladder, description and treatment[128]
Spavin, description and treatment[284]
Spaying, description of operation[301]
Spinal column, fracture, description and treatment[279]
Spinal cord—
congestion, description, symptom, and treatment[110]
description[102]
injuries, description[109]
Spleen—
diseases, causes, symptoms, and treatment[44]–[45]
inflammation, description[45]
Splenetic fever. See Texas fever.
Splenitis, description[45]
Split hoof, description and treatment[338]
Sporadic—
aphthae, reference[532]
stomatitis aphthosa, reference[532]
Sprain—
fetlock, causes and treatment[269]
hip, cause and treatment[270]
shoulder joint, causes and treatment[269]
Sprains, description and treatment[268]
Squinting, description[349]
Stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans), affecting cattle[503]
Stabling, value against stomach worms[521]–[522]
Staggers, causes, symptoms, and treatment[103], [529]
Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus and S. pyogenes citreus, bacteria of abscess[237]
Staphyloma, description, symptoms, and treatment[348]
Sterility, causes[151]
Stings—
venomous. See Snake bites.
wasps and bees, description and treatment[71]
Stomach—
diseases affecting, causes, symptoms, and treatment[22]–[34]
fourth, affected with hernia, description and treatment[38]
hair balls in[29]
parasites affecting, treatment[519], [524], [529]
roundworms affecting[524]
traumatic inflammation, cause, symptoms, and treatment[34]
worm—
encysted, description and treatment[523]
sanitary measures for suppression[521]–[522]
worms, different kinds affecting cattle[519]
Stomatitis—
cause, symptoms, and treatment[17]
characteristic differences from foot-and-mouth disease[391]–[393]
mycotic. See Mycotic stomatitis.
necrotic, description, symptoms, treatment, etc.[464]–[469]
Stomoxys calcitrans affecting cattle[503]
Stone—
bladder, obstruction to parturition[178]
bladder, symptoms and treatment[142]
description and causes[130]
effect of different feeds[132]–[134]
kidney, description and treatment[139]
Strabismus, description[349]
Straw, breeding place of stable fly[503]
Streptococcus pyogenes, bacteria of abscess[237]
String, navel, constricting member of fetus, description[179]

Stringy milk, cause and treatment[242]
Strongylus micrurus, parasite of verminous bronchitis[100]
Struma, cause, description, symptoms, and treatment[310]
Strychnin poisoning, description and treatment[62]
Sudorific glands, location and use[321]
Sugar in urine, description[123]
Sunstroke, symptoms and treatment[108]
Suppression, milk, cause and treatment[241]
Surfeit, description, causes, and treatment[324]
Surgery, discussion[289]
Surgical operations—
asepsis, importance[289]
chapter by William Dickson and William H. Lowe[289]–[302]
manner of securing the animals during[290]
uses of anethesia[289]
Swamp lands, drainage as measure against fluke disease[527]
Sweat glands, location and use[322]
Sweden, foot-and-mouth disease[386]
Swelling of calf with gas, cause and treatment[181]
Switzerland, foot-and-mouth disease[385]
Symptomatic anthrax. See Blackleg.
Tænia saginata, tapeworm cysts, presence in cattle[529]
Tail, wolf in, imaginary disease[27]
Tapeworm cysts, source of injury to cattle[529]
Tapeworms—
adult, of small intestine, species and remedy[523]
cysts in muscles of cattle[529]
cysts of liver[527]
Tarsus, fracture, description and treatment[281]
Teats—
blocked by calculus, treatment[243]
blocked by concretion of casein, cause and treatment[243]
blocked by warty and other growth inside, description and treatment[244]
chapped, cause and treatment[243]
opening in the side, description and treatment[245]
scabby, treatment[243]
warts affecting, treatment[243]
Teeth—
caries, description[16]
irregularities, cause and treatment[16]
Temperature—
how to examine[90]
limits for dipping bath[490]
Test, tuberculin. See Tuberculin test.
Testicles, congestion and inflammation, description and treatment[152]
Tetanus—
danger in castration of cattle[300]
reference[405]
Texas fever—
description, symptoms, prevention, etc.[475]–[501]
immunization of northern cattle[495]
infection carried by the cattle tick (Margaropus annulatus)[480]
injurious effect of ticks[482]
loss occasioned by cattle ticks[483]
methods of eradication[487]–[500]
nature of the disease[476]
period of incubation of ticks[486]
prevention[487]
quarantine regulations[495]
symptoms and pathological changes after death[478]–[480]
tick eradication, plan of work[487]
Threadworms in abdominal cavity of cattle[529]
Throat, sore, symptoms, causes, and treatment[17]
Thrombosis, description and symptoms[85]

Thrush—
calf, description and treatment[263]
parasite (Saccharomyces albicans), cause[263]
Ticks—
cattle, time required to kill[488]
ear[518]
injury to cattle hides[484]
parasites of cattle, note[502]
See also Cattle tick; Texas fever.
Tilletia caries in wheat, effect on cattle[13]
Tinea favosa, description, symptoms, and treatment[332]
Tinea tonsurans, description, symptoms, and treatment[332]
Tracheotomy, description[294]
Traumatic inflammation of the stomach, cause, symptoms, and treatment[34]
Trichiasis, treatment[350]
Trichodectes scalaris (red louse), description and treatment[513]
Trichophyton tonsurans, fungus causing Tinea tonsurans[332]
Trumbower, M. R.—
chapter on "Diseases of the ear"[353]–[357]
chapter on "Diseases of the eye and its appendages"[340]–[354]
chapter on "Diseases of the foot"[335]–[339]
chapter on "Diseases of the skin"[320]–[334]
Trypanosoma brucei, cause of nagana, or tsetse-fly disease[500]
Tsetse-fly disease, description, symptoms, and treatment[500]
Tuberculin test—
description and history[417]
harmless to healthy animals[426]
summary of directions for making[427]
Tuberculosis—
bovine, and public health[430]
cause and nature of disease[411]
occurrence[407]
statistics of tests in United States[410]
symptoms and diagnosis[416]–[417]
transmissibility of human and bovine[432]
treatment[428]
Tumor—
bony, description and treatment[314]
chrondroma, description and treatment[314]
fibroma, description and treatment[311]
hairy, on eyeball, description and treatment[349]
lipoma, description and treatment[314]
sarcoma, description and treatment[315]
Tumors—
brain, description[112]
calf, description and treatment[181]
cattle, chapter by John R. Mohler[303]–[319]
definition and description[303]
description[303], [305], [307]
description of kinds[309]
diagnosis[308]
eyelid, description and treatment[350]
general treatment[309]
kidney, description[128]
malignant and benign, description[306]
orbit, cause and treatment[353]
pharynx, description and treatment[19]
Twisted stomach worms, description and treatment[519]–[523]
Twisting—
and knotting of the bowels, causes, symptoms, post-mortem appearance, and treatment[35]
of the neck of the womb, description and treatment[176]
Tympanites—
acute, causes, symptoms, and treatment[22]
chronic, causes and treatment[25]

Udder—
congestion, description and treatment[233]
contagious inflammation affecting, description, prevention, and treatment[237]
inflammation, description, symptoms, and treatment[234]
Ulceration, heel, causes and treatment[337]
Ulcerative stomatitis. See Necrotic stomatitis.
Ulcers—
calves. See Necrotic stomatitis.
cornea, cause, symptoms, and treatment[347]
penis, cause and treatment[157]
Umbilical hernia—
description, causes, and treatment[39]
symptoms and treatment[252]
Umbilical phlebitis, description, causes, and treatment[249]
Urachus—
inflammation, causes and treatment[248]
persistent, description and treatment[248]
Ureteral calculi, description and treatment[139]
Urethra, inflammation affecting, description and treatment[156]
Urethral calculus, symptoms and treatment[142]
Urinary calculi—
classification[138]
description and causes[130], [137]
effect of different feeds[133]
Urinary disorders, symptoms[118]
Urinary organs—
diseases, chapter by James Law[113]–[146]
functions[113]
Urine—
albumin in, description and treatment[121]
amount passed daily[115]
analyses under different rations[114]
bloody, caused by blood flukes[526]
bloody, description, symptoms, and treatment[119]
cow, analysis[114]
discharged through navel, description and treatment[248]
excessive secretion, cause and treatment[118]
incontinence, cause and treatment[130]
ox, analysis[115]
retention, effect, cause, and treatment[128]
sugar in, description[123]
Urticaria, description, causes and treatment[124]
Uruguay, foot-and-mouth disease[386]
Uterus—
hernia affecting, cause and treatment[162]
polypus affecting, description and treatment[157]
Vaccination, disadvantages in use against anthrax[457]
Vaccine—
anthrax, care and use[457]
blackleg, free distribution, note[463]
preparation and use against hemorrhagic septicemia[395]
Vagina—
clots of blood on walls, description and treatment[220]
inflammation, causes and treatment[223]
lacerations and rupture, description and treatment[219]
polypus affecting, description and treatment[157]
Vaginæ prolapsus, description and treatment[162]
Vaginal walls, affected with coagulated blood after calving, treatment[179]
Vaginitis, causes and treatment[223]
Valves, heart, diseases affecting, symptoms and treatment[80]
Variola, description, symptoms, and treatment[438]
Vegetable—
acids, poisonous, description and treatment[58]
poisons—
note[61]
uses as medicine, description, symptoms, and treatment[61]–[69]

Veins—
inflammation, description and treatment[86]
wounds, description and treatment[83]
Venereal desire, diminution or loss, cause, prevention, and treatment[149]
Venereal excess, cause and treatment[148]
Venomous stings. See Snake bites.
Ventral hernia, description and causes[37]
Verminous bronchitis—
description, symptoms, and prevention[100]
parasites causing[100]
Vermont, foot-and-mouth disease[387]
Verruca, description, cause, and treatment[331]
Vertebra, fracture, description, and treatment[279]
Vesical calculus, symptoms and treatment[142]
Vesicular eruption of genital organs, description, symptoms, and treatment[401]
Vesicular exanthema, symptoms and treatment[401]
Veterinarians, views on foot-and-mouth disease in man[395]
Virginia, foot-and-mouth disease[388]
Vitreous humor of the eye, description[342]
Vomiting, symptoms, cause, and treatment[27]
Wall, hoof, fissure, description and treatment[338]
Warble fly—
damages, estimate[510]
European species, appearance in United States[510]
Warbles—
description and treatment[507]
penetration of skins of cattle[508]
reference[333]
Warts—
description, causes, and treatment[312], [331]
penis, treatment[156]
teats, treatment[243]
Washington, foot-and-mouth disease[388]
Wasp stings, description and treatment[71]
Water—
blisters, symptoms and treatment[328]
cold, drinking, a cause of indigestion, symptoms and treatment[33]
head of calf, description and treatment[179]
Weather, relation to occurrence of mycotic stomatitis[392]
Wens, description and treatment[330]
West Virginia, foot-and-mouth disease[388]
Wisconsin, foot-and-mouth disease[388]
Withers, casting, cause and treatment[215]
Wolf in the tail, imaginary disease[27]
Womb—
bleeding from, description, symptoms, and treatment[214]
dropsy, description and treatment[162]
eversion, cause and treatment[215]
fetus developing outside, description and treatment[163]
inflammation, causes, symptoms, and treatment[224]
mouth, induration, description and treatment[176]
rupture, cause and treatment[219]
twisting of neck, description and treatment[176]
Wooden tongue. See Actinomycosis.
Wood-ill, description, symptoms, and treatment[119]
Worm—
encysted stomach, description and treatment[523]
eye, description and treatment[349]
Worms—
bladder, description[528]
lung, of cattle, description and treatment[530]
screw, description and remedies[506]
thread, in abdominal cavity of cattle[529]
twisted stomach, description and treatment[519]–[520]

Wounds—
abdomen, causes, symptoms, and treatment[43]
arteries and veins, description and treatment[83]
contused and lacerated, description and treatment[298]
contusions of the lips and snake bites of mouth, description and treatment[14]
danger of infection from foot-and-mouth disease[394]
drainage, necessity[298]
gullet, description and treatment[22]
healing, treatment and dressing, description[298]
hoof, treatment[338]
incised—
description and treatment[295]
punctured, and lacerated, description and treatment[295]–[299]
mouth, snake bites and contusions of lips, treatment[14]
penis, cause and treatment[156]
skin, kinds, description, and treatment[333]–[334]
treatment, summary of care after dressing[298]
Yellows, description, symptoms, and treatment[44]
Zinc poisoning, description and treatment[57]

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