BROADLEAF TREES

Aspen (Populus tremuloides).—Commonly called quaking aspen. Flat, broadly oval leaves, up to 4½ inches across, that tremble characteristically in a breeze. Bark whitish or very pale green, smooth, with black scars where branches have dropped off. Trees rarely more than 60 feet high.

Narrowleaf cottonwood (Populus angustifolia).—Usually a tall tree, 40 to 60 feet high. Bark light yellow-green, divided near the base of old trees into flat ridges; smooth and thinner above. Leaves ¼ to 1 inch wide and 2 or 3 inches long, very similar to willow leaves. Usually found along streams at lower elevations.

Mountain alder (Alnus tenuifolia).—Found along and overhanging streams, usually in clumps, several trees growing from the same root, frequently 4 to 6 inches in diameter and 15 to 25 feet high. Leaves double-toothed, 2 to 4 inches long and 1½ to 2½ inches wide. Mature seed-bearing fruit noticeable in winter.

Willows (Salix, sp.).—The common shrub of creek bottoms. Usually narrow, sharp-pointed leaves. Some willows attain a diameter of 4 inches and a height of 15 to 25 feet. Buds are covered by a single scale.

Western choke cherry (Prunus demissa).—Clustered flowers and fruit; alternate leaves, sharply pointed. Bark, leaves, and seed bitter. Fruit black. Tree, or more often a shrub, up to 15 feet in height.

Scrub oak (Quercus sp.).—Usually a shrub, rarely over 15 feet high. Alternate leaves, smaller at the base than at the ends, with deep lobes, frequently drying on the tree and remaining over winter. Fruit, a short pointed acorn. Forms dense thickets at lower elevations. Often valuable for fence posts.

Pacific serviceberry (Amelanchier florida).—Leaves silvery, sharply toothed above the middle and alternate on branches. Trees, or more often shrubs, 6 to 15 feet high. Flowers white and in clusters. Five hard seeds in each berry. Berries edible, nearly black, when ripe.

Rocky Mountain maple (Acer glabrum).—Usually a shrub, but frequently 20 to 30 feet high. Paired opposite buds, 3 to 5 lobed leaves, dark reddish-brown bark, and paired, winged seed. Leaves 3 to 5 inches in diameter, opposite each other.

Boxelder (Acer negundo).—Compound leaves with 3 to 5, rarely 7, leaflets, pale-gray or light-brown bark, and paired, winged seeds, which ripen in the autumn. Compound leaves opposite each other.

Hawthorn (Crataegus sp.).—Usually a shrub; dark scaly bark; leaves simple and alternate; fruit small, fleshy, and in clusters. Armed with sharp spines.

Six Rules for Health Protection

1. PURIFICATION.—Mountain streams will not purify themselves in a few hundred feet. Boil or chlorinate all suspected water.

2. GARBAGE.—Burn or bury all garbage, papers, tin cans, and old clothes.

3. EXCRETIONS.—Bury a foot deep all human excretions, at least 200 feet from streams, lakes, or springs.

4. WASHINGS.—Do not wash soiled clothing, utensils, or bodies in streams, lakes, or springs. Use a container and throw dirty water on the ground away from the water supply.

5. TOILETS.—Use public toilets where available. They are properly located. Toilets should be at least 200 feet from streams and not in gulches.

6. OBSERVE LAWS.—Observe the rules and endeavor to have others do the same. National and State laws impose heavy penalties for health-law violations. Report all violations or insanitary conditions (including dead animals) to the nearest health officer or Forest Service officer.

Six Rules for Prevention of Forest Fires

1. MATCHES.—Be sure that your match is out. Break it in two before you throw it away.

2. TOBACCO.—Be sure that pipe ashes and cigar or cigarette stubs are dead before throwing them away. Never throw them into brush, leaves, or needles. Do not smoke while traveling through the woods.

3. MAKING CAMP.—Before building a fire scrape away all inflammable material from a spot 5 feet in diameter. Dig a hole in the center and in it build your campfire. Keep your fire small. Never build it against trees or logs or near brush. Where available, use grates and stoves which have been provided.

4. BREAKING CAMP.—Never break camp until your fire is out—DEAD OUT. Use water where available.

5. BRUSH BURNING.—Never burn slash or brush in windy weather or while there is the slightest danger that the fire will get away.

6. HOW TO PUT OUT A CAMPFIRE.—Stir the coals while soaking them with water. Turn small sticks and drench both sides. Wet ground around the fire. Be sure that the last spark is dead.

MONTEZUMA
NATIONAL FOREST
COLORADO 1939

F-376563
MYSTIC FALLS

BE SURE YOUR MATCH IS OUT
BREAK IT IN TWO
BEFORE YOU THROW IT AWAY

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

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