Synthetic resins and their raw materials / A survey of the types and uses of synthetic resins, the organization of the industry, and the trade in resins and raw materials, with particular references to factors essential to tariff consideration. Under the general provisions of section 332, title III, part II, Tariff act of 1930.

by United States Tariff Commission

APPENDIXES

A. Statistical tables on foreign trade in raw materials for synthetic resins.

B. Trade names for synthetic resins made in the United States.

C. Trade names for synthetic resins made in Great Britain.

D. Trade names for synthetic resins made in Germany.

E. List of United States manufacturers of raw materials for synthetic resins.

F. Glossary.

APPENDIX A
STATISTICAL TABLES ON FOREIGN TRADE IN RAW MATERIALS FOR SYNTHETIC RESINS

Table 92.—Naphthalene: German imports and exports, by countries, 1929 and 1932-37

	1929	1932	1933		1934		1935		1936		1937
	Quantity (pounds)
IMPORTS
Total from all countries	8,032,019	952,167	7,482,633		8,640,930		4,245,839		493,169		33,069
Czechoslovakia	1,688,283	(1)	2,839,304		1,602,744				(1)		(1)
Saar Basin	1,531,977	(1)	1,833,125		3,641,338		1,129,858
Netherlands	1,457,020	(1)	1,164,029		26,014		18,078		28,660		(1)
Poland	2,524,487	(1)	832,457		1,060,633		33,730		(1)		(1)
U. S. S. R	284,834	246,033	361,334		1,024,037		531,088		(1)		(1)
	Value
	Dollars	Dollars	1,000 reichsmarks	Dollars	1,000 reichsmarks	Dollars	1,000 reichsmarks	Dollars	1,000 reichsmarks	Dollars	1,000 reichsmarks	Dollars
Total from all countries	110,948	12,112	271	82,704	273	107,494	165	66,426	22	8,865	1	402
Czechoslovakia	26,666	(1)	114	34,790	51	20,081			(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)
Saar Basin	17,380	(1)	56	17,090	78	30,712	25	10,064
Netherlands	14,999	(1)	27	8,240	2	788	1	403	3	1,209	(1)	(1)
Poland	38,332	(1)	31	9,461	29	11,419	2	805	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)
U. S. S. R	4,762	4,750	22	6,714	48	18,900	27	10,870	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)
	Quantity (pounds)
EXPORTS
Total to all countries	39,738,576	29,720,213	31,842,140		35,043,660		22,169,458		8,152,390		24,966,434
UNITED STATES	17,070,218	13,820,858	21,824,879		21,631,535		12,052,769		3,420,437		14,167,201
Belgium-Luxemburg	8,835,596	7,399,960	3,958,800		5,685,663		2,010,816		457,675		1,184,311
Japan	(1)	(1)	801,152		3,434,767		1,880,965		253,529		2,031,980
Italy	4,500,691	2,068,797	1,163,589		695,992		492,728		134,481		615,083
Netherlands	734,573	295,857	275,134		427,913		413,142		198,414		66,138
	Value
	Dollars	Dollars	1,000 reichsmarks	Dollars	1,000 reichsmarks	Dollars	1,000 reichsmarks	Dollars	1,000 reichsmarks	Dollars	1,000 reichsmarks	Dollars
Total to all countries	774,256	288,790	1,392	424,809	1,504	592,200	1,067	429,553	703	283,288	1,949	783,576
UNITED STATES	329,273	132,758	921	281,070	879	346,106	468	188,407	168	67,699	789	317,210
Belgium-Luxemburg	98,330	42,749	95	28,992	130	51,188	50	20,129	21	8,462	60	24,122
Japan	(1)	(1)	50	15,259	203	79,931	131	52,738	29	11,686	177	71,161
Italy	78,330	23,324	50	15,259	30	11,812	23	9,259	18	7,253	47	18,896
Netherlands	19,761	4,987	21	6,409	29	11,419	19	7,649	14	5,642	7	2,814

¹ Not separately shown.

Source: Der Auswärtige Handel Deutschlands, 1929. Monatliche Nachweise über den auswärtigen Handel, Deutschlands, 1932-37.

Table 93.—Crude naphthalene: Belgian imports and exports, 1932-37

	1932	1933		1934		1935		1936		1937
	Quantity (pounds)
IMPORTS
Total from all countries	14,114,070	10,935,698		15,328,363		12,114,718		17,102,405		9,178,411
Netherlands	8,187,443	7,583,163		9,363,598		8,786,874		10,315,764		5,983,064
Germany	5,800,744	3,122,816		5,290,599		1,297,628		178,573		(1)
	Value
	Dollars	1,000 francs	Dollars	1,000 francs	Dollars	1,000 francs	Dollars	1,000 francs	Dollars	1,000 francs	Dollars
Total from all countries	74,299	2,059	73,711	3,015	140,419	3,299	121,562	7,017	237,385	4,277	144,357
Netherlands	41,352	1,327	47,506	1,881	87,605	2,139	78,818	3,916	132,478	2,808	94,776
Germany	31,611	661	23,663	970	45,176	341	12,565	77	2,605	(1)	(1)
	Quantity (pounds)
EXPORTS
Total to all countries	1,102,300	5,955,727		3,395,745		6,796,782		11,538,215		6,700,220
UNITED STATES		3,991,428		2,499,355		1,709,888		2,119,062		1,009,927
France	871,699	1,262,354		352,075		2,930,134		5,163,835		4,382,745
	Value
	Dollars	1,000 francs	Dollars	1,000 francs	Dollars	1,000 francs	Dollars	1,000 francs	Dollars	1,000 francs	Dollars
Total to all countries	10,964	2,503	89,605	1,181	55,003	3,059	112,719	7,020	237,487	r 3,918	132,240
UNITED STATES		1,562	55,918	707	32,927	543	20,009	1,461	49,426	492	16,606
France	8,404	446	15,966	243	11,317	1,460	53,798	3,227	109,169	2,769	93,459

¹ Not separately reported.

Source: Bulletin Mensuel du Commerce.

Table 94.—Refined naphthalene: Belgian imports and exports, 1932-37

	1932	1933		1934		1935		1936		1937
	Quantity (pounds)
IMPORTS
Total from all countries	7,055	1,323		7,275		112,214		2,866		19,180
	Value
	Dollars	1,000 francs	Dollars	1,000 francs	Dollars	1,000 francs	Dollars	1,000 francs	Dollars	1,000 francs	Dollars
Total from all countries	150	8	286	15	699	78	2,874	8	271	42	1,418
	Quantity (pounds)
EXPORTS
Total to all countries	15,362,314	15,298,822		14,792,425		16,148,695		11,419,167		14,071,300
Japan	6,566,401	4,582,922		2,867,523		4,202,849		3,447,113		2,514,126
United Kingdom	695,772	1,297,407		2,168,004		315,919		455,029		1,316,808
Argentina	1,078,490	1,130,519		988,102		1,376,773		970,685		1,173,729
British India	792,995	996,920		1,153,226		705,252		243,477		715,172
Canada	841,496	942,026		421,740		90,168		(1)		(1)
Netherlands	449,518	472,225		510,365		971,788		477,516		571,432
	Value
	Dollars	1,000 francs	Dollars	1,000 francs	Dollars	1,000 francs	Dollars	1,000 francs	Dollars	1,000 francs	Dollars
Total to all countries	326,026	11,310	404,889	10,032	467,224	11,219	413,400	9,391	317,698	11,602	391,591
Japan	130,650	3,498	125,226	1,966	91,563	2,949	108,665	2,454	83,019	1,643	55,455
United Kingdom	14,053	893	31,969	1,524	70,978	212	7,812	445	15,054	896	30,242
Argentina	24,154	811	29,033	719	33,486	976	35,964	615	20,805	991	33,448
British India	18,867	752	26,921	764	35,582	498	18,350	321	10,859	640	21,601
Canada	17,670	696	24,916	301	14,019	66	2,432	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)
Netherlands	9,934	375	13,425	306	14,251	695	25,609	568	19,215	697	23,525

¹ Not separately reported.

Source: Bulletin Mensuel du Commerce.

Table 95.—Crude and refined naphthalene: Netherland imports and exports by countries, 1929 and 1932-37

	1929	1932	1933		1934		1935		1936		1937
	Quantity (pounds)
IMPORTS
Total from all countries	896,908	775,759	908,597		1,186,361		1,177,256		1,666,678		2,361,127
Belgium-Luxemburg	191,044	477,508	569,514		568,328		524,962		703,267		835,543
Germany	705,820	270,262	330,921		522,993		418,409		(1)		(1)
Italy	(1)	(1)	2,315		(1)		(1)		(1)		(1)
United Kingdom		(1)	97		(1)		(1)		604,060		1,053,799
	Value
	Dollars	Dollars	1,000 guilders	Dollars	1,000 guilders	Dollars	1,000 guilders	Dollars	1,000 guilders	Dollars	1,000 guilders	Dollars
Total from all countries	25,874	13,733	38	19,885	45	30,220	39	26,747	83	53,519	115	63,302
Belgium-Luxemburg	5,708	8,309	24	12,265	22	14,903	21	13,947	42	27,082	60	33,027
Germany	20,153	4,960	13	6,775	19	13,132	12	7,817	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)
Italy	(1)	(1)	(1)	681	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)
United Kingdom		(1)	(1)	23	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	21	13,541	36	19,816
	Quantity (pounds)
EXPORTS
Total to all countries	4,816,436	6,807,060	10,770,410		9,764,389		10,851,416		14,422,493		15,330,788
Belgium-Luxemburg	2,820,043	6,768,631	8,757,006		9,307,821		9,178,854		10,568,852		9,261,525
Germany	1,511,897		1,174,745		(1)		17,846		(1)		(1)
UNITED STATES	44,092		661,380		410,225		681,332		3,207,693		2,546,313
United Kingdom	333,902	(1)	100,001		(1)		(1)		(1)		(1)
	Value
	Dollars	Dollars	1,000 guilders	Dollars	1,000 guilders	Dollars	1,000 guilders	Dollars	1,000 guilders	Dollars	1,000 guilders	Dollars
Total to all countries	49,058	40,784	158	81,490	132	89,135	170	115,204	435	280,492	553	304,399
Belgium-Luxemburg	25,503	39,886	124	63,928	122	82,146	129	87,380	255	164,426	294	161,832
Germany	13,877		17	8,756	(1)	(1)	(2)	257	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)
UNITED STATES	482		12	6,103	8	5,183	17	11,782	143	92,208	100	55,045
United Kingdom	5,556	(1)	2	938	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)

¹ Not separately reported.

² Less than 500.

Source: Nederland-Jaarstatistiek (1929 and 1932-35) and Maandstatistiek (1936-37).

Table 96.—Refined naphthalene: Canadian imports by countries, 1928-29 and 1932-37

	1928	1929	1932	1933	1934	1935	1936	19371
	Quantity (pounds)
Total from all countries	565,866	1,075,415	1,223,372	1,053,114	844,929	1,342,530	884,059	1,256,289
UNITED STATES	32,274	4,049	17,560	9,553	3,145	3,620	2,091	2,018
United Kingdom	26,000	8,600	32,400	148,144	484,868	1,321,310	879,548	1,254,271
Belgium	(2)	841,876	1,102,203	895,042	347,956	17,600	(2)
	Value (United States dollars)
Total from all countries	18,162	32,411	21,787	22,014	25,482	40,060	46,670	57,455
UNITED STATES	1,428	245 577	545	188 696	243 185	696	243	185
United Kingdom	1,014	363 670	3,779	13,603	38,865	38,865	46,229	57,270
Belgium	(2)	25,906	19,401	17,657	11,431	499	(2)

¹ Preliminary.

² Not shown separately.

Source: Trade of Canada.

Table 97.—Naphthalene: Japanese imports by countries, 1928-29 and 1932-36

	1928	1929	1932	1933		1934		1935		1936
	Quantity (pounds)
Total from all countries	2,773,320	2,902,686	6,765,572	7,876,566		7,364,557		8,979,696		12,641,977
Belgium	379,900	403,180	2,857,448	3,950,056		1,590,138		2,926,430		3,163,801
Germany	491,541	403,180	1,935,213	2,525,036		4,679,670		3,486,239		2,727,816
Kwangtung Province	1,790,766	864,298	1,272,372	169,976		241,146		1,103,322
	Value
	Dollars	Dollars	Dollars	1,000 yen	Dollars	1,000 yen	Dollars	1,000 yen	Dollars	1,000 yen	Dollars
Total from all countries	62,653	94,504	97,265	625	160,286	560	166,404	697	200,088	1,613	467,680
Belgium	12,531	14,291	42,448	309	79,245	122	36,252	234	67,174	410	118,997
Germany	16,707	14,291	28,111	200	51,291	357	106,083	283	81,240	394	114,335
Kwangtung Province	29,238	21,667	13,774	13	3,334			12	3,445	93	27,020

Source: Annual Return of the Foreign Trade of Japan.

Table 98.—Crude glycerin: United States imports for consumption,¹ by countries, 1929 and 1931-37

Imported from—	19292	1931	1932	1933	1934	1935	1936	19373
	Quantity (pounds)
France	4,931,691	2,550,457	1,653,825	2,455,264	4,880,013	578,617	1,058,692	2,102,785
Cuba	1,074,271	1,170,667	1,232,219	1,216,395	1,178,238	2,550,617	2,159,741	2,476,790
United Kingdom	3,847,345	1,631,103	582,194	252,238	1,494,445	578,231	1,403,880	1,640,691
Belgium	759,448	739,892	310,855	440,862	2,358,479	257,290	404,371	818,514
Germany	1,072,173	674,109	260,005	242,901	1,539,919	198,767	77,723	518,231
Philippine Islands (free)	250,165	180,490	197,841	268,449	180,549	1,578,523	303,551	793,225
Argentina	494,638	458,068	154,525	288,832	680,443	100,902	1,154,888	2,131,068
Netherlands	262,299	425,796	125,733	226,994	1,393,072	267,366	1,037,118	325,275
Canada	1,304,220	1,161,085	80,440		629,880	1,946,450	671,465	333,855
Denmark	54,988	175,273		124,278	58,449		442,768	133,671
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics	132,334		64,969	889,618	146,695	14,883	2,017,992	1,634,874
All other countries	668,329	966,023	317,866	67,254	541,045	149,288	416,796	532,451
Total	14,851,901	10,132,963	4,980,472	6,473,085	15,081,227	8,220,934	11,148,985	13,441,430
	Value
France	$280,062	$114,575	$53,391	$80,068	$324,840	$45,245	$121,612	$370,622
Cuba	69,668	67,709	50,147	56,737	92,692	228,011	230,340	381,683
United Kingdom	216,307	8 2,262	19,802	7,722	97,972	50,549	134,475	284,779
Belgium	49,568	46,275	12,362	17,627	160,301	19,217	46,417	146,014
Germany	65,446	40,596	12,240	10,745	103,401	22,699	8,874	92,446
Philippine Islands (free)	16,796	10,993	9,150	14,078	14,984	74,798	32,708	145,348
Argentina	29,758	23,532	6,516	7,947	45,251	7,972	115,198	349,675
Netherlands	18,963	23,301	5,349	10,664	92,754	23,208	127,050	47,898
Canada	67,821	59,495	4,246		51,716	172,426	70,672	53,014
Denmark	2,966	9,358		5,171	4,062		47,256	26,220
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics	9,113		2,738	34,060	10,137	1,463	222,347	254,745
All other countries	37,084	47,343	12,614	2,076	41,955	11,146	42,411	90,938
Total	863,552	525,599	188,555	246,895	1,040,065	656,734	1,199,360	2,243,382
	Percent of total imports by quantity
France	33.2	25.2	33.2	37.9	32.4	7.1	9.5	15.6
Cuba	7.2	11.6	24.7	18.8	7.8	31.0	19.4	18.4
United Kingdom	25.9	16.1	11.7	3.9	9.9	7.0	12.6	12.2
Belgium	5.1	7.3	6.3	6.8	15.6	3.1	3.6	6.1
Germany	7.2	6.7	5.2	3.8	10.2	2.4	.7	3.9
Philippine Islands (free)	1.7	1.8	4.0	4.1	1.2	19.2	2.7	5.9
Argentina	3.3	4.5	3.1	4.5	4.5	1.2	10.4	15.8
Netherlands	1.8	4.2	2.5	3.5	9.2	3.3	9.3	2.4
Canada	8.8	11.4	1.6		4.2	23.7	6.0	2.5
Denmark	.4	1.7		1.9	.4		4.0	1.0
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics	.9		1.3	13.7	1.0	.2	18.1	12.2
All other countries	4.5	9.5	6.4	1.1	3.6	1.8	3.7	4.0
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

¹ Includes imports from Cuba and shipments from Philippine Islands.

² General imports.

³ Preliminary.

Source: Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States.

Table 99.—Refined glycerin: United States imports for consumption, by countries, 1929 and 1931-37

Imported from—	19291	1931	1932	1933	1934	1935	1936	19372
	Quantity (pounds)
Netherlands	3,114,642	1,054,810	1,705,855	2,153,490	775,074	16,913	1,542,924	2,776,046
Germany	1,824,672	197,890	384,131	406,716	276,908	600	319	352,680
United Kingdom	165,770	38,561	153,289	50,421	951,196	28,176	572,919	373,416
France		592,979	44,905	125,889		584	413,977	2,967,528
Canada	105	81,295	14,520				765,676	19,782
Czechoslovakia							112,562	506,598
All other countries	388,282		44,808	39,171	210,764	22,293	39,110	539,070
Total	5,493,471	1,965,535	2,347,508	2,775,687	2,213,942	68,566	3,447,487	7,535,120
	Value
Netherlands	$294,595	$75,462	$100,451	$132,172	$66,445	$2,718	$273,432	$636,644
Germany	154,432	17,152	26,582	22,826	27,159	252	129	96,542
United Kingdom	18,301	2,850	9,666	3,111	93,938	2,760	99,204	76,001
France		40,005	2,278	7,210		97	79,242	751,816
Canada	19	5,506	1,358				114,523	4,922
Czechoslovakia							21,650	148,612
All other countries	33,383		2,024	1,672	21,447	2,450	5,856	112,652
Total	500,730	140,975	142,359	166,991	208,989	8,277	594,036	1,827,189
	Percent of total imports by quantity
Netherlands	56.7	53.7	72.7	77.6	35.0	24.7	44.7	36.8
Germany	33.2	10.1	16.4	14.7	12.5	.9		4.7
United Kingdom	3.0	1.9	6.5	1.8	43.0	41.1	16.6	5.0
France		30.2	1.9	4.5		.8	12.0	39.4
Canada		4.1	.6				22.2	.3
Czechoslovakia							3.3	6.7
All other countries	7.1		1.9	1.4	9.5	32.5	1.2	7.1
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

¹ General imports.

² Preliminary.

Source: Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States.

APPENDIX B
TRADE NAMES FOR SYNTHETIC RESINS MADE IN THE UNITED STATES

Trade name	Maker
Tar-acid resins:
Amberol	Resinous Products & Chemical Co., Inc., Phila., Pa.
Artifex	Artifex Products Co., Camden, N. J.
Bakelite	Bakelite Corp., New York, N. Y.
Beckacite	Beck, Koller & Co., Inc., Detroit, Mich.
Beckasol	Beck, Koller & Co., Inc., Detroit, Mich.
Beckopol	Beck, Koller & Co., Inc., Detroit, Mich.
Catalin	Catalin Corp., New York, N. Y.
Celeron	Continental-Diamond Fibre Co., Newark, Del.
Coltrock	Colt’s Patent Fire Arms Mfg. Co., Hartford, Conn.
Colasta	Colasta Co., Inc., Hoosick Falls, N. Y.
Dilecto	Continental-Diamond Fibre Co., Newark, Del.
Dura	Paramet Chemical Corp., Long Island City, N. Y.
Durez	General Plastics, Inc., N. Tonawanda, N. Y.
Durite	Durite Plastics, Phila., Pa.
Fabroil	General Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y.
Fiberlon	Fiberloid Corp., Indian Orchard, Mass.
Fibroc	Fibroc Insulation Co., Valparaiso, Ind.
Gemstone	A. Knoedler Co., Lancaster, Pa.
Haveg	Haveg Corp., Newark, Del.
Herculite	Colasta Co., Inc., Hoosick Falls, N. Y.
Indur	Reilly Tar & Chemical Corp., Indianapolis, Ind.
Insurok	Richardson Co., Melrose Park, Ill.
Joanite	Joanite Corp., Long Island City, N. Y.
Kellite	Kellogg Switchboard & Supply Co., Chicago, Ill.
Lewisol	John D. Lewis, Mansfield, Mass.
Makalot	Makalot Corp., Boston, Mass.
Marblette	Marblette Corp., Long Island City, N. Y.
Micarta	Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co., Trafford, Pa.
Moldarta	Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co., Trafford, Pa.
Pandura	Paramet Chemical Corp., Long Island City, N. Y.
Panelyte	Panelyte Corp., Trenton, N. J.
Paranol	Paramet Chemical Corp., Long Island City, N. Y.
Phenac	American Cyanamid Co., New York, N. Y.
Phenalin	E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del.
Prystal	Catalin Corp., New York, N. Y.
Resinox	Resinox Corp., New York, N. Y.
Spauldite	Spaulding Fibre Co., Tonawanda, N. Y.
Syntex	Jones-Dabney Co., Inc., Louisville, Ky.
Synthane	Synthane Corp., Oaks, Pa.
Taylor	Taylor Fibre Co., Norristown, Pa.
Textolite	General Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y.
Waterlite	Watertown Mfg. Co., Watertown, Conn.
Other makers of tar acid resins in the United States include:[27] Aluminum Industries, Cincinnati, Ohio; California Flaxseed Products Co., Los Angeles, Calif.; Cook Paint & Varnish Co., Chicago, Ill.; Ford Motor Co., Detroit, Mich.; Heresite & Chemical Co., Manitowoc, Wis.; Millergum Co., Chicago, Ill.; Nubian Paint & Varnish Co., Chicago, Ill.; Varcum Chemical Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y.; Vita Var Corp., Newark, N. J.
Alkyd resins:
Amberlac	Resinous Products & Chemical Co., Inc., Phila., Pa.
Aquaplex	Resinous Products & Chemical Co., Inc., Phila., Pa.
Beckol	Beck, Koller & Co., Inc., Detroit, Mich.
Beckosol	Beck, Koller & Co., Inc., Detroit, Mich.
Dulux	E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del.
Duraplex	Resinous Products & Chemical Co., Inc., Phila., Pa.
Esterol	Paramet Chemical Corp., Long Island City, N. Y.
Glyptal	General Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y.
Lewisol	John D. Lewis, Mansfield, Mass.
Makalot	Makalot Corp., Boston, Mass.
Paraplex	Resinous Products & Chemical Co., Inc., Phila., Pa.
Rauzene	Robert Rauh, Inc., Newark, N. J.
Rezyl	American Cyanamid Co., New York, N. Y.
Syntex	Jones-Dabney Co., Inc., Louisville, Ky.
Teglac	American Cyanamid Co., New York, N. Y.
Other makers of alkyd resins in the United States include:[27] Atlas Powder Co., Wilmington, Del.; Bakelite Corp., New York, N. Y.; Andrew Brown Co., Los Angeles, Calif.; California Flaxseed Products, Los Angeles, Calif.; Carboygen Chemical Co., Garwood, N. J.; General Paint Co., Tulsa, Okla.; Hercules Powder Co., Wilmington, Del.; Nubian Paint & Varnish, Chicago, Ill.; Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co., Milwaukee, Wis.; Valentine & Co., Inc., New York, N. Y.
Urea resins:
Beetle	American Cyanamid Co., New York, N. Y.
Beckamine	Beck, Koller & Co., Detroit, Mich.
Plaskon	Plaskon Co., Inc., Toledo, Ohio.
RHoplex	Rohm & Haas, Philadelphia, Pa.
Syntex	Jones-Dabney Co., Inc., Louisville, Ky.
Uformite	Resinous Products & Chemical Co., Phila., Pa.
Other makers of urea resins in the United States include: E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del.; Bakelite Corp., New York, N. Y.
Acrylate resins:
Acryloid	Resinous Products & Chemical Co., Phila., Pa.
Acrysol	Resinous Products & Chemical Co., Phila., Pa.
Crystalite	Resinous Products & Chemical Co., Phila., Pa.
Lucite	E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del.
Plexiglas	Resinous Products & Chemical Co., Phila., Pa.
Plexigum	Resinous Products & Chemical Co., Phila., Pa.
Primal	Resinous Products & Chemical Co., Phila., Pa.
Coumarone-indene resins:
Cumar	Barrett Co., New York.
Neville	Neville Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Nevindene	Neville Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Petroleum resins:
Santo-Resin	Monsanto Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.
Petropol	Pure Oil Co., Chicago, Ill.
Polystyrene resins:
Bakelite polystyrene	Bakelite Corp., New York, N. Y.
	Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Corp., New York, N. Y.
Styron	Dow Chemical Co., Midland, Mich.
Vinyl resins:
Butvar	Shawinigan Products, Inc., Indian Orchard, Mass.
Vinyloid	Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Corp., New York.
Vinylite	Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Corp., New York.
Vinal	Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Corp., New York.
Vinylseal	Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Corp., New York.
Flamenol	General Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y.
Koroseal	B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, Ohio.
	E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del.

APPENDIX C
TRADE NAMES FOR SYNTHETIC RESINS MADE IN GREAT BRITAIN

Trade name	Maker
Tar-acid resins for moulding and laminating:
Bakelite	Bakelite, Ltd., London.
Britsulite	British Insulite Ltd., Manchester.
Elo	Birkby’s Ltd., Liversedge, Yorkshire.
Fabrolite	British Thompson Houston Co., Ltd., Rugby.
Holite	E. S. Hole, London.
Indurite	Indurite Moulding Powders Ltd., Radcliffe, Lancashire.
Lorival	Lorival Mfg. Co., Ltd., Southall, Middlesex.
Mouldrite	Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., London.
Nestorite	James Ferguson & Sons, Ltd., London.
Permaplastic	Permastic Ltd., Weybridge, Surrey.
Rockite	F. A. Hughes & Co., Ltd., London.
Oil soluble tar-acid resins:
Bakelaque	Attwater & Sons, Ltd., Preston, Lancashire.
Damard	Bakelite, Ltd., London.
Damarda	Bakelite, Ltd., London.
Epok	British Resin Products, Ltd., Kingston-on-Thames.
Erinite	Erinoid Ltd., Stroud, Gloucester.
Formapex	Ioco Rubber & Waterproofing Co., Ltd., Anniesland, Glasgow.
Keebush	Bushings, Ltd., Hebburn-on-Tyne.
Cast phenolic resin:
Catalin	Catalin Ltd., Waltham Abbey, Essex.
Urea resins:
Beetle	Beetle Products Co., Ltd., Oldbury, Worcestershire.
Mouldrite	Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., London.
Pollopas	Beetle Products Co., Ltd., Oldbury, Worcestershire.
Scarat	Beetle Products Co., Ltd., Oldbury, Worcestershire.
Alkyd resins:
Albertalates	Albert Products, Ltd., Erith, Kent.
Dulux	Nobel Chemical Finishes Ltd., London.
Glyptal	British Thompson Houston Co., Ltd., Rugby.
Micanite	Micanite and Insulators Co., Ltd., Walthamstow, London.
Paralac	Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., London.
Acrylate resins:
Diakon and Perspex	Mouldrite Ltd., Division of Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., London.
Aniline resins:
Panilax	Micanite and Insulators Co., Ltd., London.

APPENDIX D
TRADE NAMES FOR SYNTHETIC RESINS MADE IN GERMANY

Trade name	Maker
Tar-acid resins:
Alberid	Dr. Kurt Albert G. m. b. H., Chemische Fabrik, Wiesbaden-Biebrich.
Albertol	Dr. Kurt Albert G. m. b. H., Chemische Fabrik, Wiesbaden-Biebrich.
Ambresit	Chemische Fabrik Ambra, Zittau i. Sachsen (in liquidation).
Ammoplaste	I. G. Farbenindustrie A. G., Frankfort-on-Main.
Backdura	Bakelite G. m. b. H., Berlin.
Bakelit	Bakelite G. m. b. H., Berlin.
Bakelit A (Resol)	Bakelite G. m. b. H., Berlin.
Bakelit C	Bakelite G. m. b. H., Berlin.
Bezet Harz	Louis Blumen, Zwickau i. Sachsen.
Boschbakelite	Robert Bosch A. G., Stuttgart.
Celloresen	Louis Blumer, Zwickau i. Sachsen.
Dekorit	Dr. F. Raschig G. m. b. H., Ludwigshafen a. Rhein.
Durax
Durophen	Dr. Kurt Albert G. m. b. H., Wiesbaden-Biebrich.
Elastolith	Herold A. G., Hamburg 33.
Ethyl cellulose	I. G. Farbenindustrie A. G., Frankfort-on-Main.
Faturan	Dr. Heinr. Traun & Sohne, Hamburg.
Ferrozell	Deutsche Ferrozell G. m. b. H., Augsburg.
Greif Faturan	Dr. H. Traun & Sohne, Hamburg.
Havegit	Saureschutz G. m. b. H., Berlin.
Herolith	Herold A. G., Hamburg.
Hornolith	Hornolith G. m b. H., Berlin S 59.
Ivorax	Herold A. G., Hamburg.
Koraton	Wedig & Reu.
Kunstharz 26 Z	I. G. Farbenindustrie A. G., Frankfort-on-Main.
Laccain	Louis Blumer, Zwickau i. Sachsen.
Leukorit	Dr. F. Raschig G. m. b. H., Ludwigshafen a. Rhein.
Lithocorn	A. Elhardt Sohne, Kempten, Bayern.
Marbolith	Herold A. G., Hamburg 33.
Metakalin	I. G. Farbenindustrie A. G., Frankfort-on-Main.
Neoresit	August Nowak A. G., Bautzen.
Novolack	Bakelite G. m. b. H., Berlin.
Novotext	Allgemeine Elektrizitats-Gesellschaft, Berlin.
Ornalith	Herold A. G., Hamburg
Phenolplaste	I. G. Farbenindustrie A. G., Frankfort-on-Main.
Redmanol (Bakelit A)	Bakelite G. m. b. H., Berlin.
Resenoplast	Louis Blumer, Zwickau i. Sachsen.
Resinit	Bakelite G. m. b. H., Berlin.
Resinole	Dr. F. Raschig G. m. b. H., Ludwigshafen a. Rhein.
Resit	Bakelite G. m. b. H., Berlin.
Resol	Bakelite G. m. b. H., Berlin.
Schellackersatz	I. G. Farbenindustrie A. G., Frankfort-on-Main. Dr.
	A. Wacker Gesellschaft für Elektrochemische
	Industrie G. m. b. H., München.
	Dr. Kurt Albert, Wiesbaden-Biebrich.
Sipilite	Bakelite G. m. b. H., Berlin.
Supraresen	Louis Blumer, Zwickau i. Sachsen.
Syntellac	Dr. A. Wacker G. m. b. H., München.
Tenazit	Allgemeine Elektrizitats-Gesellschaft, Berlin.
Toplast	Louis Blumer, Zwickau i. Sachsen.
Trolon	Rheinisch-Westfalische Sprengstoff Fabriken, Troisdorf.
Turbax	Jaroslaw’s Erste Glimmerwarenfabrik, Berlin SO 36.
Vigorith	Dr. F. Raschig, Ludwigshafen a. Rhein.
Vinnapas	Dr. A. Wacker G. m. b. H., München.
Wackerschellack	Dr. A. Wacker G. m. b. H., München.
Wenjazit	Kunst-Rohstoff A. G., Hamburg-Einbeck.
Alkyd resins:
Alftalate	Dr. Kurt Albert G. m. b. H., Chemische Fabrik, Wiesbaden-Biebrich.
Alkydal	I. G. Farbenindustrie A. G., Frankfort-on-Main.
Beckacite	Beckacite Kunstharzfabrik, G. m. b. H., Hamburg-Wandsbeck.
Beckosol	Beckacite Kunstharzfabrik, G. m. b. H., Hamburg-Wandsbeck.
Duxol	Louis Blumer, Zwickau i. Sachsen.
Duxalid	Louis Blumer, Zwickau i. Sachsen.
Geaphthal	Allgemeine Elektrizitats-Gesellschaft, Berlin.
Glyptal	Dr. Kurt Albert G. m. b. H., Wiesbaden-Biebrich.
Urea resins:
Hares L	H. Rommler A. G., Berlin W 62.
Locron	I. G. Farbenindustrie, A. G., Frankfort-on-Main.
Pluviusin	Kunstharzfabrik Dr. F. Pollack, Vienna, German branch Berlin.
Pollopas	Rheinisch-Westfalische Sprengstoff Fabriken, Troisdorf, Bez. Koln.
Vinyl resins:
Acronal	I. G. Farbenindustrie, A. G., Frankfort-on-Main.
Mowilith	I. G. Farbenindustrie, A. G., Frankfort-on-Main.
Polystyrene resins:
Metastyrol	I. G. Farbenindustrie, A. G., Frankfort-on-Main.
Mollit	I. G. Farbenindustrie, A. G., Frankfort-on-Main.
Trolitul	Rheinisch-Westfalische Sprengstoff Fabriken, Troisdorf.
Acrylate resins:
Plexigum	Rohm & Haas, Darmstadt.
Other resins:
Coumarone resins	Kokawerke & Chemische Fabriken A. G., Berlin N. W. 40.
Harz No. 30	Ciba A. G., Berlin-Wilmersdorf.
Harz No. 238	Ciba A. G., Berlin-Wilmersdorf.
Ultrasit	Chemische Fabrik Ambra, Zittau, Sachsen, (in liquidation).
Utilith	Deutsche Rohstoffindustrie, Augsburg.

APPENDIX E
LIST OF UNITED STATES MANUFACTURERS OF RAW MATERIALS FOR SYNTHETIC RESINS[28]

• Phenol:
• Barrett Co., New York, N. Y.
• Calco Chemical Co., Inc., Bound Brook, N. J.
• Dow Chemical Co., Midland, Mich.
• Koppers Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.
• Monsanto Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.
• Reilly Tar & Chemical Corp., Indianapolis, Ind.
• Cresols:
• Barrett Co., New York, N. Y.
• Calco Chemical Co., Inc., Bound Brook, N. J.
• Givaudan-Delawanna, Inc., Delawanna, N. J.
• Koppers Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.
• Reilly Tar & Chemical Corp., Indianapolis, Ind.
• Swann & Co., Birmingham, Ala.
• Xylenols:
• Barrett Co., New York, N. Y.
• Calco Chemical Co., Inc., Bound Brook, N. J.
• Reilly Tar & Chemical Corp., Indianapolis, Ind.
• Butyl phenol (p-tertiary), Dow Chemical Co., Midland, Mich.
• Phenyl phenols, Dow Chemical Co., Midland, Mich.
• Resorcinol, tech.:
• E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del.
• Pennsylvania Coal Products Co., Petrolia, Pa.
• Naphthalene:
• Barrett Co., New York, N. Y.
• Calco Chemical Co., Inc., Bound Brook, N. J.
• Coopers Creek Chemical Co., West Conshohocken, Pa.
• E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del.
• Reilly Tar & Chemical Corp., Indianapolis, Ind.
• Shell Chemical Co., San Francisco, Calif.
• Standard Naphthalene Products Corp., South Kearney, N. J.
• White Tar Co. of N. J., Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa.
• Phthalic acid and anhydride:
• American Cyanamid Co., New York, N. Y.
• Barrett Co., New York, N. Y.
• E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del.
• Monsanto Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.
• National Aniline & Chemical Co., Inc., New York, N. Y.
• Maleic acid and anhydride:
• National Aniline & Chemical Co., Inc., New York, N. Y.
• American Cyanamid Co., New York, N. Y.
• Monsanto Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.
• Malic acid, National Aniline & Chemical Co., Inc., New York, N. Y.
• Adipic acid, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del.
• Succinic acid and anhydride:
• American Cyanamid Co., New York, N. Y.
• National Aniline & Chemical Co., Inc., New York, N. Y.
• Urea, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del.
• Formaldehyde:
• E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del.
• Empire Oil & Refining Co., Bartlesville, Okla.
• Heyden Chemical Corp., New York, N. Y.
• Hexamethylenetetramine, tech.:
• E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del.
• Heyden Chemical Corp., New York, N. Y.
• Monsanto Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.
• Furfural, Quaker Oats Co., Chicago, Ill.
• Vinyl acetate:
• Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Corp., New York, N. Y.
• E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del.
• Niacet Chemicals Corp., Niagara Falls, N. Y.
• Vinyl chloride, Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Corp., New York, N. Y.

APPENDIX F
GLOSSARY[29]

Alkyd resin.—Any condensation product involving a polybasic acid and a polyhydric alcohol. Typical examples are phthalic glyceride and its modifications containing combined fatty acids or rosin. Representative examples are Rezyls and Glyptal.

Aminoplast.—General terms for synthetic resins from amino or amido compounds. A typical example is urea-formaldehyde.

Amorphous.—Devoid of crystalline structure. This condition is rare. Many substances which are apparently amorphous show microcrystallinity, particularly under X-ray examination.

A-stage resins.—Thermosetting resins reacted only to the initial stage where they are soluble and fusible. The normal stage of a resin used for impregnation.

Bonding strength.—The amount of adhesion between a binder and filler. More specifically, the measure of the extent to which the composite layers of a laminated product are bonded together.

Brittleness.—Liability to break, generally to a conchoidal fracture.

B-stage resins.—Thermosetting resins reacted to a stage where they soften when heated and swell in contact with liquids but do not entirely fuse or dissolve. This is the preferred stage for the resin in molding compositions.

Casting.—Forming a material into a shape by pouring it when liquid into a mold. The product from the mold is used as such or mechanically worked in various ways to the final articles, as by sewing, cutting, blanking, turning, drilling, forming, swaging, grinding, polishing, sanding, or routing.

Compressive strength.—Resistance to deformation under applied pressure.

Condensation.—A chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine with a separation of water or some other simple substance. Applied to synthetic resins it means the formation of a resin by combination of a number of molecules with elimination of water, ammonia, hydrogen chloride, or other simple substance. Examples of condensation resins are alkyd, phenol-aldehyde, and urea-formaldehyde resins. The final products are also called condensation-polymers. (See Polymerization.)

Copolymerization.—The term applied when two or more substances polymerize at the same time to yield a product which is not a mixture of separate polymers but a complex having properties different from either polymer alone. For example, vinylite is produced by polymerization of a mixture of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride.

C-stage resins.—Thermosetting resins in the final stage in which they are infusible and insoluble. The state of the resin in the final molded article.

Curing.—The change of a binder from the soluble-fusible condition to the substantially insoluble-infusible form by chemical action. The heat-setting of a resinoid. Action is analogous to vulcanization of rubber.

Dielectric strength.—Voltage gradient at which a continuous electrical discharge will take place between two electrodes when the material in question is placed between the electrodes and a potential difference is applied to them.

Elastic.—A substance which exhibits rubberlike properties or “high elasticity” over a wide range of applied forces.

Elastic deformation.—When a substance reverts to its original dimensions on release of an applied stress.

Elastic limit.—The point at which a body begins to yield under a stress; that is, when the stress is equal to or greater than the internal friction.

Elasticity.—The property by virtue of which a body reverts to its normal bulk or shape after deformation by an applied force.

Extrusion molding.—A molding procedure for extended shapes of uniform cross section, whereby a heat-softened substance is forced through an orifice of form coinciding with the cross section of the article.

Flexibility.—Capability of bending without breaking.

Gums.—Viscous vegetable secretions which harden but, unlike resins, are water soluble. The name is often applied, particularly in the varnish industry, to natural resins such as copals.

Hardness.—Property of substances determined by their ability to abrade or indent one another. Often measured by the extent or depth of indentation produced by a standard substance under a predetermined load.

Impact strength.—The measure of toughness of a material. Generally determined by the energy required to break a specimen in one blow.

Injection molding.—A molding procedure whereby a heat-softened plastic material is forced from a receptacle into a cavity which gives the article of desired shape. Used particularly for thermoplastics since the scrap can be reused. As soon as the composition in the mold cools sufficiently to be rigid, the mold is opened and the molded article removed. An analogy of injection molding in another field is shown by the linotype machine.

Inserts.—Parts of a finished molded article which are of different material from the molding composition but are set in place or positioned by the molding operation.

Laminated products.—Sheets of material united by a binder. For example, sheets of paper or wood coated and/or impregnated with a resinous composition and subjected to pressure, generally with heat.

Monomer.—The simplest repeating structural unit of a polymer. For addition polymers this represents the originally unpolymerized compound.

Phenoplast.—A general term for phenol-aldehyde resins. Synonymous with popular term “phenolics.”

Plastics.—All substances that can be molded. In general a plastic is a substance which behaves as a solid at stresses less than a certain amount known as the yield value and as a viscous liquid at stresses greater than this. The name is also applied to substances which originally but not ultimately fulfill this condition. For example, it is applied to thermoset compositions or resinoids in the final stages.

Plasticity.—Susceptibility to and the retention of deformation. Capacity of taking and retaining the form of a mold. The property of solids by virtue of which they hold their shape permanently under the action of small shearing stresses but are readily deformed, worked, or molded under larger stresses.

Polymerization.—A chemical change resulting in the formation of a new compound whose molecular weight is a multiple of that of the original substances. The products of the reaction are called polymers. To distinguish from those resulting from condensation (q. v.), they are often designated addition polymers, since the reaction is that of successive addition of a large number of relatively small molecules (monomers) to form the final polymer.

Power factor.—In an insulating material, the ratio of total power loss (watts) in the material to the product of voltage and current in a capacitor in which that material is a dielectric.

Preforms.—Molding powders converted by pressure and without heat into a denser coherent form which approximates the shape of the final hot-pressed article. Molding material converted to preforms has about half the bulk factor of the original powder. Other forms of densified composition which do not necessarily approximate the shape of the final molding are tablets, briquettes, pellets, pills, and balls.

Resin.—A term generally referring to a physical condition at room temperature approximating the physical properties of natural resins. However, the temperature of reference should not be limited to room temperature and the term is here intended to embrace all substances which within a certain temperature range show these, properties. For example, many oil-modified alkyd resins are viscous liquids at room temperature but not at lower temperatures; polystyrene is a resin at room temperature but rubberlike when warmed.

Resinoids.—The class name applied to thermosetting resins. Temporary thermoplastics. The name is also often applied to the final cured resins.

Softening point.—Resins have no sharp melting point. Application of heat causes gradual change from a brittle or exceedingly thick and slow flowing material to a softer and less viscous liquid. The softening point is the temperature at which the material flows at a definite rate or to a definite distance.

Synthetic resin.—A complex, substantially amorphous, organic semisolid or solid material (usually a mixture of substances) built up by chemical reaction of comparatively simple compounds and, depending upon the temperature at which the examination is made, approximating the natural resins in various physical properties: namely, luster, fracture, comparative brittleness, insolubility in water, fusibility or plasticity when heated or exposed to heat and pressure, and, at a certain more or less narrow temperature range before fusion, showing a degree of rubberlike extensibility; but commonly deviating widely from natural resins in chemical constitution and behavior with reagents.

Synthetic rubber.—Caoutchouc synthesized in the laboratory. The term is a misnomer and most probably represents an impossibility.

Tensile strength.—The greatest internal force per unit of cross section which a material develops before failure under tension.[30]

Thermoplastic.—The property of softening under heat. All molding materials are thermoplastic at the initial application of heat. One class (the so-called thermoplastics) remains soft permanently under heat; the other (thermosetting), after first softening, sets or cures more or less quickly to a more solid form. A practical distinction is that with the first class the mold must be cooled before the molded article is removed, but not with the second. A thermoplastic substance is adequately rigid at normal temperatures and under ordinary conditions of stress but is capable of deformation under heat and pressure.

Thermosetting.—The property of undergoing a chemical change when heated whereby a hardened product is obtained. Property most pronounced in phenol and urea formaldehyde resins and less so with alkyds. A thermosetting substance possesses initially the properties of a thermoplastic but under the influence of heat undergoes chemical change so that it is no longer thermoplastic but becomes permanently infusible.

Viscosity.—Internal friction or resistance to change of form of a liquid. The constant ratio of shearing stress to rate of shear.

Water-absorption.—Amount of water taken up when exposed to humid conditions or when immersed. Both rate of absorption and total absorption are important, also change in dimensions. A certain amount of absorbed water may improve mechanical properties but usually weakens electrical characteristics.