TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Acknowledgment[xi]
1.Introduction[1]
Scope and purpose[2]
Fundamental definitions[2]
Tariff history[3]
Broadening use of synthetic resins[4]
Relation of synthetic resins to their raw materials[5]
Sources of information[7]
2.Summary:
Growth of the industry[7]
Raw materials[8]
Resins[9]
The industry abroad[10]
International trade[10]
3.Tar-acid resins[11]
The three stages of a tar-acid resin[13]
Classification of tar-acid resins[13]
Processes of resin manufacture[14]
Production in the United States[15]
Imports into the United States[16]
Exports from the United States[17]
Tar-acid resins for molding:
Molding powders and pellets[18]
The molding of tar-acid resins[19]
Production of tar-acid molding resins[19]
Cast phenolic resins:
Process of manufacture[20]
Uses[20]
Patents and licensing[21]
Production of cast phenolic resins[21]
Imports and exports[21]
Tar-acid resins for laminating[21]
Uses of tar-acid resin laminated products[22]
Production of tar-acid resins for laminating[23]
Imports into the United States[24]
Exports from the United States[24]
Tar-acid resins for surface coatings:
Types of resin used and the resultant coatings[24]
Production in the United States[25]
Imports into and exports from the United States[25]
Tar-acid resins in adhesives[25]
Tar-acid resins for other uses[26]
4.Alkyd resins:
Description and uses[26]
Development and patents[27]
Classification of alkyd resins:
Unmodified drying alkyd resins[28]
Drying alkyd resins, modified with natural materials[29]
Drying alkyd resins, modified with other synthetic resins[29]
Drying alkyd resins, modified with other synthetic resins and oil extended[29]
Semidrying alkyd resins[29]
Nondrying alkyd resins[30]
Miscellaneous modified alkyd resins[30]
Alkyd resins in water dispersion[30]
Alkyd resins in molding compositions and other uses[30]
Pigments and solvents in alkyd resins[31]
Production in the United States[31]
Imports into and exports from the United States[32]
5.Urea resins:
Description and uses[32]
Production in the United States[34]
United States imports and exports[35]
6.Acrylate resins:
Properties and uses[35]
Production in the United States[37]
Imports into and exports from the United States[38]
7.Coumarone and indene resins:
Description and uses[38]
Production in the United States[39]
Imports into and exports from the United States[39]
8.Petroleum resins:
Properties and uses[39]
Production[41]
Imports and exports[41]
9.Polystyrene resins:
Properties and uses[41]
Production in the United States[42]
Imports into and exports from the United States[42]
10.Vinyl resins[43]
Description and uses:
Polyvinyl acetate resins[44]
Copolymers of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride[46]
Polyvinyl chloride resins[47]
Polyvinyl chloroacetate resins[47]
Divinyl acetylene and synthetic rubber[47]
Production in the United States[48]
Imports into the United States[48]
Exports from the United States[50]
11.Other synthetic resins:
Adipic acid resins[50]
Aniline resins[50]
Citric acid resins[50]
Diphenyl resins[51]
Furfural resins[51]
Resins from sugar[51]
Sulphonamide resins[51]
12.The organization of the synthetic resin industry:
Horizontal relationships between resin producers[52]
Vertical relationships between resin producers:
Tar-acid resins for molding[53]
Tar-acid resins for laminating[54]
Cast phenolic resins[54]
Tar-acid resins for coatings[55]
Tar-acid resins for miscellaneous uses[55]
Alkyd resins made from phthalic anhydride[55]
Alkyd resins made from maleic anhydride[55]
Urea resins for molding[56]
Urea resins for other uses[56]
Coumarone and indene resins[56]
Other resins[56]
Relationship of the resin industry to other industries:
The chemical industry[56]
The surface-coating industry[57]
The electric industry[57]
The auto industry[57]
13.The United States tariff and international trade in synthetic resins[58]
Rapid expansion in home markets[59]
The effect of patents on international trade[59]
The United States tariff on resins and resin products:
Synthetic resins[60]
Articles made of synthetic resin[61]
14.Synthetic resin prices, properties, and uses:
Synthetic resins as substitutes[62]
Motives for substitution[63]
Materials displaced by synthetic resins[63]
Competition between synthetic resins[63]
Resins classified by cost[64]
The physical properties of a resin and its uses[65]
15.Synthetic resins in other countries:
Germany:
Production[75]
Tar-acid resins[75]
Alkyd resins[76]
Urea resins[76]
Polystyrene and vinyl resins[76]
Uses of synthetic resins[76]
Organization[77]
Foreign trade[77]
Great Britain:
Production[78]
Tar-acid resins[79]
Urea resins[79]
Acrylate resins[79]
Aniline resin[79]
Organization[79]
Foreign trade[80]
France:
Producers[80]
Foreign trade[81]
Czechoslovakia[82]
Italy[82]
Japan[83]
Production[83]
Canada[84]
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics[85]
Netherlands[85]
Denmark[86]
Poland[86]
16.Raw materials for alkyd resins[86]
Naphthalene:
Recovery of naphthalene[87]
Description and uses[87]
United States production[88]
Organization of the industry[89]
Trend of production[89]
World production[90]
Germany[91]
Great Britain[92]
Belgium[93]
Czechoslovakia[93]
France[94]
Poland[94]
Netherlands[94]
Canada[94]
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics[94]
Japan[94]
United States imports:
Rates of duty[95]
Import statistics[96]
United States exports[98]
Competitive conditions[98]
Phthalic anhydride:
Description and uses[98]
United States production[100]
Production in other countries[101]
United States foreign trade[101]
Competitive conditions[101]
Polybasic acids other than phthalic anhydride:
Maleic acid and anhydride[102]
Malic acid and malomalic acid[102]
Adipic acid[102]
Succinic acid and anhydride[102]
Fumaric acid[102]
Glycerin:
Description and uses[103]
United States production[103]
Production in other countries[104]
International trade[104]
United States imports[105]
United States exports[107]
Competitive conditions[108]
17.Raw materials for tar-acid resins:
The tar acids[109]
Phenol:
Description and uses[110]
United States production[111]
Grades produced for resins[112]
Producers[112]
World production[113]
United States imports:
Rates of duty[114]
Import statistics[114]
United States exports[116]
Competitive conditions[116]
The cresols, xylenols, and cresylic acid:
Description and uses:
The cresols[117]
Metacresol[118]
Orthocresol[118]
Paracresol[118]
Metaparacresol[118]
Cresol[118]
The xylenols[118]
Other high-boiling tar acids[119]
Cresylic acid[119]
United States production:
The cresols[120]
The xylenols[120]
Other high-boiling tar acids[120]
Cresylic acid[120]
Foreign production[122]
United States imports:
Rates of duty[124]
Import statistics[125]
United States exports[131]
Competitive conditions[131]
Synthetic tar acids other than phenol[132]
Para tertiary amyl phenol[133]
Para tertiary butyl phenol[133]
Phenyl phenols[133]
Resorcinol[133]
Formaldehyde:
Description and uses[133]
United States production[134]
Production in other countries[134]
United States imports and exports[134]
Competitive conditions[135]
Hexamethylenetetramine:
Description and uses[136]
United States production[136]
Production in other countries[136]
United States imports and exports[136]
Competitive conditions[137]
Furfural[137]
18.Raw materials for urea resins:
Urea[138]
Thiourea[139]
19.Raw materials for vinyl resins:
Description and uses[140]
United States production[140]
United States imports[141]
Competitive conditions[141]
APPENDIXES
Appendix A. Statistical tables on foreign trade in raw material for synthetic resins[144]
Appendix B. Trade names for synthetic resins made in the United States[153]
Appendix C. Trade names for synthetic resins made in Great Britain[155]
Appendix D. Trade names for synthetic resins made in Germany[156]
Appendix E. List of United States manufacturers of raw materials for synthetic resins[158]
Appendix F. Glossary[160]
TABLES
No.
1.Synthetic resins: United States production and sales, 1921-37[8]
2.Tar-acid resins: United States production and sales, by type of raw material, 1933-37[14]
3.Tar-acid resins: United States production and sales, 1927-37[15]
4.Synthetic resins of coal-tar origin: United States imports for consumption, 1919-37[16]
5.Synthetic resins of coal-tar origin: United States imports for consumption, by principal sources, in specified years 1929-37[17]
6.Cast phenolic resins: United States production and sales, 1934-37[21]
7.Alkyd resins from phthalic and maleic anhydride: United States production and sales, 1933-37[31]
8.Urea resins: United States production and sales, 1933-37[35]
9.Resoglas and Trolitul: United States imports for consumption, 1933-37[43]
10.Synthetic resins classified under paragraph 11: United States imports for consumption, 1931-37[49]
11.Vinyl acetate resins: United States imports for consumption, 1934-37[49]
12.Mowilith resins: United States imports for consumption, 1932-37[49]
13.Synthetic resins: United States production and imports, 1934-37[58]
14.Comparison of the international trade of the United States in synthetic resins and in certain raw materials for resins, 1934-37[58]
15.Tariff classification and rates of duty in Tariff act of 1930 upon certain articles made of synthetic resin[61]
16.Manufactured articles n. s. p. f. in which synthetic resin is the chief binding agent: United States imports for consumption, 1931-37[62]
17.Synthetic resins and other plastics: Properties that affect appearance[66]
18.Synthetic resins and other plastics: Molding properties[68]
19.Synthetic resins and other plastics: Strength properties[70]
20.Synthetic resins and other plastics: Heat properties[71]
21.Synthetic resins and other plastics: Electrical properties[72]
22.Synthetic resins and other plastics: Specific gravity, specific volume, and resistance to other substances[73]
23.Synthetic resins: German exports, 1930-37[77]
24.Synthetic resins: German exports, by countries, 1934-37[78]
25.Synthetic resins: Production in Great Britain, 1934 and 35[78]
26.Synthetic resins: Imports into the United Kingdom, 1930-36[80]
27.Synthetic resins: Exports from the United Kingdom, 1930-36[80]
28.Synthetic resins: French imports, by types, and countries, 1931 and 1933-37[81]
29.Synthetic resins: French exports, 1931 and 1933-37[82]
30.Manufactures of tar-acid resins: Production in Japan, 1929-35[84]
31.Prices of gums and resins in the Netherlands, 1936[86]
32.Synthetic resins: Netherland imports by countries 1931 and 1933-37[86]
33.Crude naphthalene: United States production, 1918-37[88]
34.Refined naphthalene: United States production and sales, 1917-37[89]
35.Naphthalene (all grades): World production, by countries, 1933 and 1935[90]
36.Naphthalene: German production, imports, exports, and apparent consumption, 1928-37[92]
37.Naphthalene: Production in Great Britain, in specified years[92]
38.Naphthalene: Exports from the United Kingdom, 1928-36[93]
39.Naphthalene: Belgian production, 1928-35[93]
40.Naphthalene: Czechoslovak production, 1928-35[93]
41.Crude naphthalene: Polish production, 1928-36[94]
42.Naphthalene: Rates of duty upon imports into the United States, 1916-38[95]
43.Crude naphthalene (solidifying at less than 79° C.): United States imports for consumption, 1919-37[96]
44.Refined naphthalene (solidifying at or above 79° C.): United States imports for consumption, 1919-37[96]
45.Crude naphthalene (solidifying under 79° C.): United States imports for consumption from principal sources, in specified years[97]
46.Crude naphthalene: United States production, imports, and apparent consumption, in specified years[98]
47.Phthalic anhydride: United States production and sales, 1917-37[100]
48.Glycerin: United States production, 1919-37[103]
49.Glycerin: United States production for sale, 1919-35[104]
50.Glycerin: Imports and exports of principal countries, 1931 and 1933-37[105]
51.Glycerin: United States imports for consumption, 1919-20 and 1923-37[106]
52.Crude glycerin: United States imports for consumption from Cuba, 1919-37[107]
53.Crude glycerin: United States imports for consumption from Philippine Islands, 1925-37[107]
54.Glycerin: United States exports, 1919-37[108]
55.Refined glycerin: United States production, imports, exports, and apparent consumption, in specified years[108]
56.Tar acids: Commercial and chemical names, boiling points, and average percent in coal tar[109]
57.Tar acids available in coal tar produced and distilled in 1936[110]
58.Phenol: Estimated consumption by industries, 1936-37[111]
59.Phenol: United States production and sales, in specified years, 1918-37[112]
60.Phenol: Estimated annual production, by countries, 1933-35[113]
61.Phenol: Rates of duty upon imports into the United States, 1916-37[114]
62.Phenol: United States imports for consumption, 1910-37[115]
63.All distillates of tar yielding below 190° C., an amount of tar acids equal to or more than 5 percent: United States imports for consumption, 1918-37[115]
64.Phenol: United States exports, 1918-24[116]
65.Phenol: United States exports, 1934-36[116]
66.Phenol: United States production, imports, exports, and apparent consumption, in specified years, 1918-37[117]
67.Meta, ortho, and para cresols: United States production and sales, 1934[120]
68.Refined cresylic acid: United States production and sales, 1929-37[121]
69.Cresol: German production, in specified years[122]
70.Cresol: German imports and exports in specified years[122]
71.Cresol: Production in Czechoslovakia in specified years[123]
72.Cresylic acid: British exports, by countries, 1933-37[123]
73.The cresols: Rates of duty upon United States imports, 1916-37[124]
74.Cresylic acid: Rates of duty upon United States imports, 1916-37[125]
75.Metacresol, orthocresol, and paracresol, 90 percent or more pure: United States imports for consumption, 1920 and 1923-37[125]
76.Metacresol: United States imports for consumption by principal sources, in specified years[126]
77.Orthocresol: United States imports for consumption by principal sources, in specified years[127]
78.Paracresol: United States imports for consumption by principal sources, in specified years[128]
79.Crude cresylic acid: United States imports for consumption, 1924-37[129]
80.Refined cresylic acid: United States imports for consumption, in specified years, 1919-37[129]
81.Crude cresylic acid: United States imports for consumption by principal sources, in specified years, 1929-37[130]
82.Refined cresylic acid: United States imports for consumption by principal countries, in specified years[130]
83.The cresols: Comparison of production and imports, 1934[132]
84.Formaldehyde: United States production and sales, in specified years[134]
85.Formaldehyde: United States exports to principal markets, in specified years[135]
86.Hexamethylenetetramine: United States production and sales, 1923 and 1925-37[136]
87.Hexamethylenetetramine: United States imports for consumption, 1923-37[137]
88.Urea: United States imports for consumption, 1919-20 and 1923-37[138]
89.Urea: United States imports for consumption, by countries, 1931 and 1933-37[139]
90.Thiourea: United States imports through the New York customs district, 1931-37[140]
91.Vinyl acetate, unpolymerized: United States imports for consumption, 1931-37[141]
92.Naphthalene: German imports and exports, by countries, 1929 and 1932-37[144]
93.Crude naphthalene: Belgian imports and exports, 1932-37[146]
94.Refined naphthalene: Belgian imports and exports, 1932-37[147]
95.Crude and refined naphthalene: Netherland imports and exports, by countries, 1929 and 1932-37[148]
96.Refined naphthalene: Canadian imports, by countries, 1928-29 and 1932-37[150]
97.Naphthalene: Japanese imports by countries, 1928-29 and 1932-36[150]
98.Crude glycerin: United States imports for consumption, by countries, 1929 and 1931-37[151]
99.Refined glycerin: United States imports for consumption, by countries, 1929 and 1931-37[152]
ILLUSTRATIONS
Chart. Derivation of certain synthetic resins[6]
Preform press making pellets for use in molding[18]
Vacuum cleaner parts of tar-acid resin illustrating the intricate molded shapes possible[19]
Radio cabinet and telephone sets of molded tar-acid resin[19]
Cast phenolic resins. Standard shapes and small articles fabricated from them[20]
Laminating sheet press[22]
Gears made of laminated tar-acid resin[22]
Cocktail lounge using tar-acid laminated decorative materials[23]
Thermostat case of molded urea resin[33]
Scales case of molded urea resin[33]
Airplane cockpit enclosures of cast acrylate resin[36]
Spectacle lenses molded to optical prescription from acrylate resin[37]
Molded polystyrene resins[42]