10. EQUIPMENT FOR PERFORMING MISSION.

a. General. This paragraph describes the more important items of this equipment and tells how it is used. To perform its mission of starting port repairs, the ship contains completely equipped machine, carpenter, blacksmith, pipe, and welding shops in addition to a large assortment of miscellaneous equipment for various jobs.

Figure 16. One of the life rafts mounted on skids. Each can accommodate 20 persons, and carries rations, water, and signaling devices. (See FM 21-22.)

b. Machine shop. The machine shop is located below the number 2 hatch (fig. [6]) and contains lathes, drills, milling machine, shaper, punch and shear machine, cutters, and grinders. (See fig. [22].) All this equipment has complete sets of accessories and tools. The I-beams athwartship at number 2 hatch are removable, permitting portable equipment to be hoisted from or lowered to the machine shop.

Here are brief descriptions of the more important items of the machine-shop’s equipment.

(1) The DOALL machine. This machine (fig. [23]) is used for contour metal sawing, filing, and polishing. It is a highly adaptable machine tool for jig work and for making dies. It does the work of a shaper or milling machine and replaces such operations as nibbling, drilling holes to make a cut, and torch cutting. Twenty assorted saws, ³⁄₃₂ to ¹⁄₂ inches wide; three flat filebands, ¹⁄₄-inch, ³⁄₈-inch, and ¹⁄₂-inch; and three file guides are standard equipment. The machine is equipped with a ³⁄₄-hp, 208-volt, 3-phase, 60-cycle motor.

(2) Toolroom lathe. The 10-inch toolroom lathe (fig. [24]) has a 4¹⁄₂-foot bed and 1-inch collet capacity. It is driven by an underneath, ³⁄₄-hp, 3-phase, 60-cycle motor. It is equipped with collet, milling and keyway-cutting, and telescopic-taper attachments, boring and turning cutters, fine and coarse diamond knurls, tool holders, and a large and small face plate.

(3) Extension-bed gap lathe.

(a) This 20-by 40-inch gap lathe has a 14-foot bed and a special, large face plate. With the gap closed, it is used as a regular engine lathe. (See fig. [25].)

(b) The tools and accessories for the lathe include telescoping taper attachment, boring and cutting bars, end caps, bits, chucks, and centers. Also, there is a set of metric thread-cutting gears for use where the metric system is standard. The lathe is driven by a 7¹⁄₂ hp, 3-phase, 60-cycle motor.

(4) Engine lathe. The 16-by 54-inch engine lathe (fig. [26]) also can be equipped with special threads including metric, by using special gearing in the endworks. It is driven by a 3-phase, 60-cycle, 208-volt motor and is equipped with telescoping taper attachments, boring bars, cutters, bits, chucks, tool holders, and metric thread-cutting gears.

Figure 17. Windlass for handling bow anchors.

(5) Shaper.

(a) This 24-inch universal shaper is used for facing surfaces, notching, keyseating, and the production of flat surfaces on small parts. (See fig. [27].)

(b) The shaper is equipped with bits, holders, table, vise, and wrench set, and is driven by a 208-volt, 3-phase, 60-cycle motor.

(6) Radial drill.

(a) The radial drill has a 4-foot arm, 11-inch column, and 12 spindle speeds. (See fig. [28].) It has a range of 15 to 1,200 rpm and is driven by a 5-hp, 208-volt, 3-phase motor.

(b) The drilling capacity of this machine is approximately 2-inches diameter in cast iron and 1¹⁄₂-inches diameter in steel. Its tapping capacity is a 2-inch tap in cast iron and 1¹⁄₂-inch tap in steel.

(7) Milling machine. The milling machine is used for gear cutting and jig and die work. The work is done with cutters instead of by sawing as the DOALL machine does. It is equipped with a 208-volt, 3-phase, 60-phase motor and has slotting and milling attachments, chucks, vise, arbors and adapters, and a complete set of cutters. (See fig. [29].)

(8) Punch and shear machine.

(a) This combination punch and shear machine has a punch capacity 1-by ¹⁄₂-inch or ⁷⁄₈-by ⁵⁄₈-inch. Its shear capacity is ¹⁄₂-inch plates, 6-by ⁵⁄₈-inch flats, 1⁵⁄₈-inch rounds, and 1¹⁄₂-inch squares. (See fig. [30].)

(b) It is driven by a 3-hp, 3-phase, 60-cycle, 208-volt motor, and its accessories include punches, dies, shear blades for plates and flats, and bar-cutter blades for rounds, squares, angles, and tees.

Figure 18. Fire monitor showing the power nozzle and hose connections. The monitor rotates and the power nozzle tilts at any desired degree.

(9) Drill. This column-type drill (fig. [31]) has a 1-inch capacity in steel and is driven by a 2-hp, 3-phase, 60-cycle, 208-volt motor. Its accessories include a Jacobs three-jaw ball-bearing chuck, reducing sleeves, and a combination drill and countersink set.

Figure 19. View showing the fire monitor in operation. The water is being forced through the power nozzle at 100-pound pressure.

Figure 20. View of enlisted men’s mess room. The tables accommodate 32 men.

(10) Combination tool and cutter grinder.

(a) This grinder has a 10-inch-diameter swing and 24 inches between head and footstock. It is driven by a ³⁄₄-hp, 3-phase, 60-cycle, 208-volt motor and has attachments for all forms of milling cutters, taps, and reamers. (See fig. [32].)

(b) For grinding, this machine is run by a ¹⁄₈-hp, 1-phase, 60-cycle, 110-volt motor, and has 3-inch to 8-inch wheels for dressing and grinding.

(11) Pedestal grinder. This grinder for tool sharpening operates at 1,750 rpm and is driven by a 3-phase, 208-volt, 60-cycle motor. The grinding wheels are 14 inches in diameter and 2¹⁄₄ inches in thickness. (See fig. [33].)

(12) Power hacksaw. This power hacksaw is used for metal sawing and has a blade-cooling system for high-speed cutting. Its capacity is 9 by 9 inches, it has 3 speeds, and is driven by a 3-phase, 60-cycle, 208-volt motor. It comes equipped with 24 molybdenum steel blades. (See fig. [34].)

(13) Miscellaneous machine-shop equipment. Miscellaneous machine-shop equipment includes small hand and electric drills, bench lathe, portable grinders, electric soldering sets, hydraulic press, chain-saw sharpener, mechanic and master mechanic tool sets, jacks, vises, and tap and die sets.

c. Blacksmith shop.

(1) The blacksmith shop is adjacent to the machine shop and is equipped to handle all smithing operations. These operations include heating for forging, annealing, hardening, and tempering metals. (See fig. [35].)

(2) The forge has an electric blower, and the hood mounted over it has an exhaust fan to expel fumes and smoke from the forge.

(3) For working metal, there is a pneumatic, 200-pound forging hammer. (See fig. [36].) This hammer is of the self-contained type and the blacksmith can operate it and manipulate the work between the dies at the same time.

(4) Other blacksmith equipment in the shop include engineer blacksmith equipment set No. 1, sledges, tongs, and swages.

Figure 21. Ship’s dispensary showing portable operating table, operating lights, and shelves and cabinets for medical supplies.

d. Carpenter shop.

(1) The carpenter shop is on the first platform deck on the starboard side of number 2 hatch. (See fig. [6].) The main equipment of this shop consists of a universal woodworking machine, a 32-inch band saw, and a portable electric saw.

(2) The universal woodworking machine (fig. [37]), is powered by a 5-hp, 3-phase, 60-cycle, 208-volt motor, developing 3,425 rpm and is equipped with 14-and 16-inch blades.

(3) The 32-inch band saw (fig. [38]) is powered by a 3-hp, 3-phase, 60-cycle, 208-volt motor, developing 600 rpm. It is supplied with general-purpose blades, a ripping fence, and a resaw guide.

(4) The portable circular saw is run by a 110-volt universal motor. (See fig. [39].) It is equipped with two combination blades for sawing wood; when abrasive discs are used, it will cut brick, stone, concrete, steel, and cast iron.

e. Pipe shop.

(1) The pipe shop adjoins the machine shop and its main equipment consists of a portable pipe bender and a pipe and bolt threading machine. (See fig. [40].)

(2) The hydraulic portable pipe bender has a maximum piston pressure of 50,000 pounds and will bend up to 3-inch pipe.

(3) The pipe-and bolt-threading machine will handle ¹⁄₈-to 2-inch pipe and ³⁄₈-to 1¹⁄₂-inch bolts.

f. Welding shop.

(1) The welding shop is on the first platform deck on the port side of number 2 hatch. (See fig. [6].) The welding shop contains equipment for electric-arc and oxyacetylene welding and cutting.

1. Extension-bed lathe.
2. Engine lathe.
3. Toolroom lathe.
4. Universal milling machine.
5. Radial drill.

Figure 22. View of machine shop showing a part of the equipment and overhead monorail system capable of handling 5 tons.

Figure 23. This DOALL machine is used for contour metal sawing and jig work.

(2) For electric-arc welding there are two stationary and four portable sets. All of the sets are driven by gasoline engines and have complete sets of accessories.

(3) The portable sets are mounted on four-wheel dollies and have a welding range of 50 to 400 amperes and a generator rating of 300 amperes at 40 volts. The accessories include a welding-rod assortment, 50-foot electrode and ground cables, gloves, helmets, lenses, and mittens.

(4) For oxyacetylene work, there are three oxyacetylene welding and cutting sets and three portable acetylene generators. The sets include cutting and welding torches and tips, 50-foot lengths of hose, tip cleaners, oxygen and acetylene regulators, spark lighters, gloves, and goggles.

(5) There is also a portable, preheating torch of the atomizing type operated by compressed air.

(6) Miscellaneous equipment in the welding shop includes a brazing and soldering set, ten 225-cubic-foot acetylene cylinders, and fifty 220-cubic-foot oxygen cylinders.

g. Diving gear and equipment.

(1) The diving equipment room is located on the main deck just aft the number 3 hatch. (See fig. [6].) In this room are lockers for diving gear, the recompression chamber, hangers for holding the diving suits, and a work table for repairing suits.

Figure 24. Ten-inch toolroom lathe with 4¹⁄₂-foot bed.

(2) The recompression chamber (fig. [42]) is used for testing divers’ ability to withstand pressure before diving and to decompress divers if they develop compressed-air illness (bends).

Figure 25. Extension-bed gap lathe, 20-by 40-inch with 14-foot bed.

Figure 26. Engine lathe, 16-by 54-inch.

Figure 27. Twenty-four inch universal shaper for facing, notching, keyseating, and die making.

Figure 28. Radial drill with 4-foot arm and 11-inch column.

(3) For deep-sea diving, there are two No. 1 diving outfit sets. (See fig. [41].)

(4) Other equipment in the No. 1 set includes an air compressor, descending and stage lines, decompression stage, telephone, diving lamp, air and telephone hose, and diving weights.

(5) For shallow-water diving in depths up to 36 feet, there are four No. 2 diving outfit sets. (See figs. [43] and [44].)

(6) The rest of the diving equipment includes a canvas workers set No. 1, carpenter equipment set No. 2, gasoline-engine-driven, skid-mounted air compressor with a capacity of 60 cubic feet of air per minute, electrodes for underwater cutting, a pneumatic tugger hoist for the diving stage, and a portable air lock.

Figure 29. Universal milling machine No. 2, horizontal.

h. Compressed-air equipment.

(1) An assortment of compressed-air equipment is carried for doing jobs both on and off the ship. This equipment includes rock drills for drilling in rock or concrete; paving breakers used in breaking out concrete, breaking up rock, and in general demolition work; rivet busters for cutting out rivets; woodboring drills for boring various-sized holes in timbers; rotary drills for drilling holes in steel plates and beams; grinders for general grinding; pneumatic hammers for cleaning castings, beveling seams on ships, and chipping holes in concrete; riveting hammers for driving rivets; pneumatic wrenches for tightening and loosening nuts and bolts; nail drivers; chain saws adapted for cutting pilings underwater; and circular saws.

Figure 30. Combination punch and shear machine.

(2) For operating this equipment, there is a 315 cfm, Diesel-driven, skid-mounted air compressor and a 280 cfm, electric-driven air compressor.

i. Beach gear.

(1) The beach gear carried on the ship is used primarily to salvage stranded vessels. This type of salvage differs from raising sunken wrecks, where all the work in preparing the vessel for raising is done by divers. For beach salvage work, divers ordinarily are needed only for examining the stranded vessel’s hull and the nature of the underwater terrain, and beach gear and the towing power of other craft are used to refloat the ship.

(2) The main items of the beach gear are two 8,000-pound anchors, blocks of various types, hooks, clips, chains, manila and wire rope, shackles, cable stoppers, and rope thimbles.

Figure 31. Column-type drill. This drill has a 1-inch capacity in steel.

j. Portable salvage pumping equipment. The portable salvage pumping equipment consists of one 10-inch, two 6-inch, and two 3-inch salvage pumps, complete with spare parts, hose, metal suctions, and adapters.

Figure 32. Combination tool and cutter grinder.

Figure 33. Pedestal grinder for tool sharpening.

k. Portable fire-pumping equipment. The portable fire-pumping equipment consists of a two-wheeled trailer pumper with a capacity of 500 gpm and four 50-foot lengths of 2¹⁄₂-inch hose.

l. Hoisting equipment.

(1) The hoisting equipment consists of the 40-ton cathead mounted on the prow, one 50-ton and four 10-ton booms on the foremast, and two 5-ton booms on the mainmast, together with the winches for operating them. (See fig. [45].)

(2) The cathead (fig. [46]) is used to raise debris and sunken small craft that are hazards to navigation or prevent vessels from coming alongside wharves or piers. It is operated by a two-speed winch installed in the forecastle peak on the shelter deck.

(3) The 50-ton boom is operated by a two-speed winch and the four 10-ton and the two 5-ton booms are run by single-speed winches. (See fig. [47].)

Figure 34. Power hacksaw for metal cutting.

Figure 35. View of blacksmith shop showing 48-inch forge and 200-pound anvil.

m. Floating equipment. In addition to the life-boats and rafts, the ship carries a steel pontoon barge, a plane-rearming boat, and a utility boat.

(1) The barge is made up of 21 sections (fig. [48]) and has a capacity of 50 tons. It is propelled by a 115-hp outboard engine and carries a 5-ton crawler crane for diving and salvage operations. The sections of the barge are stowed in the number 1 hold of the ship.

(2) The plane-rearming boat is 33 feet long and is powered by a 100-hp inboard, Diesel engine. It is used for diving, general utility work, and light towing.

Figure 36. Pneumatic, 200-pound forging hammer.

Figure 37. Universal woodworking machine with steel table and two extension roller tables.

(3) The utility boat is 26 feet long and is propelled by a 95-hp gasoline or Diesel engine. It is used to tow the barge and floats and for general errand work.

n. Miscellaneous equipment. Miscellaneous equipment includes:

Clamshell bucket, ³⁄₄-cubic-yard.
Jacks, including a 50-ton hydraulic jack.
Cargo nets.
Demolition, rigging, and tinsmith equipment.

Figure 38. Woodworking 32-inch band saw.

11. SUPPLIES FOR PERFORMING MISSION.
The ship’s cargo capacity does not permit carrying large quantities of supplies. Limited amounts of the most essential items are carried. They are listed by types as follows:

a. Machine-shop stock. Supplies for the machine shop include 13-inch bronze-alloy round bars of various diameters, 11-foot cold-rolled steel bars of different sizes, square-and round-tool-steel bars, and 5-foot lengths of keystock steel from ¹⁄₈ to ³⁄₄ inches wide.

Figure 39. Portable electric saw.

Figure 40. View of pipe shop showing supply of pipe in racks.

b. Carpenter shop supplies.

(1) Lumber for the carpenter shop is structural-grade fir in 16-foot lengths and varying in size from 2-by 1-inch to 12-by 12-inch.

(2) There are 800 pounds of nails that range in size from 2d to 60d, and a supply of wood screws.

c. Pipe stock. The pipe varies in size from ¹⁄₄ inch to 6 inches and comes in 12-foot lengths. There is a supply of nipples, elbows, tees, valves, and unions for the different sizes of pipe.

d. Ammunition. The ship’s magazines hold 32,400 rounds of 20-mm and 312 rounds of 3″/50 cal. ammunition.

Figure 41. Diver in No. 1 diving dress ready to go down.

e. Miscellaneous supplies. Miscellaneous supplies include gasoline, lubricating oils and greases, cement, canvas, roofing, chicken wire, hardware, plugs, and structural steel.

SECTION IV
TRAINING OF SHIP’S CREW

12. INDIVIDUAL TRAINING. a. General. Most of a port repair ship’s crew will have had training and experience in civilian life to qualify them for the highly specialized jobs they are assigned in this military unit. Before receiving further technical instruction, all personnel are given basic military training.

Figure 42. View of interior of recompression chamber. If divers must be brought up in a hurry they are rushed into this chamber for decompression to prevent their getting the “bends.”

b. Diving and salvage training. The diving and salvage training is given officers and enlisted men with particular emphasis on operations performed in and around docks, quays, and other waterfront structures, harbors, inland waterways. Diving and salvage operations are essential to the rehabilitation of ports. The training should include the following:

(1) Diving-team problems with timber and steel construction; underwater concrete construction; underwater demolition of docks, piers, and ships; and actual salvage operations.

(2) Individual diving problems including underwater reconnaissance, pipefitting, patching, welding, cutting with hydrogen torch and oxyelectric machine; survey of underwater conditions in mud, swift currents, and various tide actions; use of jetting nozzle and siphon.

(3) Use of hand tools, air tools, machine tools, pumps, winches, and blacksmithing.

(4) Rigging, beach gear, and hi-lines.

(5) Elementary instruction and training in—

(a) Diving-gear nomenclature.

(b) Diving-gear maintenance.

(d) Physics of diving.

(e) Skin diving.

(f) Recompression tanks and tables.

(g) Air compressors, air flasks, field expedients.

(h) Signals and communications.

(i) Ship construction.

(j) Mooring and maneuvering.

(k) Sketching.

(l) Tactical military instruction.

1. Hand pump.
2. Rubber sneakers.
3. Air hose.
4. Diver’s underwear.
5. Expansion tank.
6. Face mask.
7. Weighted belt.

Figure 43. No. 2 diving outfit set.

Figure 44. Diver in No. 2 diving outfit set.

c. Diesel engineer training. This is advanced training for those men having previous Diesel experience. The operation, maintenance, and repair of Diesel engines are studied.

d. Seaman training. The apprentice seaman is given a basic course in seamanship. It includes instruction in—

(1) Nautical terms. All nautical terms and what they mean, including the parts of a ship and construction terms.

(2) Ground tackle and its use. The various kinds of anchors and how they are used; rules for anchoring.

(3) Lifeboat seamanship. Lifeboats and their handling, surf seamanship, the sea anchor, use of oil, helmsmanship.

(4) Safety at sea. Avoiding accidents, keeping equipment shipshape, safeguarding against fire, fire-fighting and life-saving equipment, first aid.

(5) Marlinespike seamanship. The common knots, how to make fast to a cleat, whipping, splicing, the care of rope, handling and use of lines.

(6) The compass. Types of compasses, installation and care, boxing the compass, points and degrees, variation and deviation, compensating the compass.

(7) General. General seaman duties and seaman watches.

e. Visual signal instruction. The visual signal training should include:

(1) International code flags.

(2) Semaphore.

(3) Flashing light signals.

(4) The signal code.

(5) Typical signals.

(6) Special Navy signals.

(7) Signaling Navy and Coast Guard vessels.

(8) Special flags and pennants.

(9) Pyrotechnics.

f. Degaussing school. At the Navy degaussing school, complete degaussing of a ship is taught, including what equipment is required and how it is used.

g. Wartime radio procedure. The wartime radio procedure is that procedure practiced by the Navy. It includes:

(1) Ship-to-ship, ship-to-shore, and ship-to-plane radio instruction.

(2) Call numbers and identification.

(3) Codes.

(4) Radio discipline.

(5) Operation and maintenance of marine radio equipment.

(6) Operation of radio direction finder.

Figure 45. Outboard profile showing cathead and cargo booms.

Figure 46. Forty-ton cathead mounted on bow of ship.

h. Gyrocompass instruction. The Navy gyrocompass school teaches:

(1) Basic principles of the action and operation of the gyrocompass.

(2) Cause of gyrocompass errors and how to correct or compensate them.

(3) Maintenance and care of the compass and its equipment.

i. Convoy communication. The Navy convoy communication school teaches the various types of signaling used between ships in a convoy. The instruction includes:

(1) Naval signal codes and calls.

(2) Procedure signs.

j. Machine-shop training. The machine-shop training includes the operation of drill presses, grinders, lathes, cutters, punch and shear machines, shapers, forging hammers, and milling machines. The men work with different types of metals, receive practical experience in various kinds of machine-shop jobs, and learn how to maintain the equipment and tools.

k. Demolition training. Training in explosives and demolitions includes the following:

(1) Theory of explosives.

(2) Calculation of charges.

(3) Capping and priming.

(4) Field expedients.

(5) Cutting, cratering, and flattening charges.

(6) Booby traps.