Footnotes.

[1] Cf. p. 141.
[2] The Greek-speaking Jewish communities of antiquity, especially Alexandria, Egypt.
[3] The word Torah has various meanings—the Pentateuch, the Bible, the Talmud, as well as the whole body of religious study and practice.
[4] In use in English Sephardi Congregations on the occasion of a lad reaching the age of thirteen—his religious majority (Bar Mitzvah).
[5] Lived about 10 B.C.E.90 C.E. See p. 292.
[6] Lived first century; President of the Academy at Yabneh.
[7] From The Jewish Encyclopedia, ‘Judaism’ (London and New York: Funk & Wagnalls).
[8] In the first century, large numbers of non-Jews throughout the Roman world became proselytes to Judaism.
[9] In Hebrew there is only one word, Zedakah, for both Charity and Justice. Charity to the poor is thus merely justice to the poor.
[10] From Sermons (London: Geo. Routledge & Sons).
[11] School, usually for religious instruction only.
[12] From Anglo-Jewish Memories (London: Geo. Routledge & Sons).
[13] From Songs of a Wanderer (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society).
[14] Cf. p. 214.
[15] Cf. pp. 137140.
[16] Name for Synagogue liturgical poet.
[17] The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation, with the aid of previous versions and with constant consultation of Jewish Authorities. Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia.
[18] From ‘The Position of Judaism’, North American Review, April, 1895.
[19] Cf. p. 143.
[20] Cf. p. 1514.
[21] Cf. p. 157.
[22] Cf. p. 159.
[23] Only the sudden death of the deranged emperor saved the defenceless population from fearful massacre.
[24] The Jewish communities in the Rhine region were then decimated by massacre or by self-immolation in order to escape baptism.
[25] Term for ‘rabbi’ among Sephardi Jews.
[26] On the day following the expulsion, Columbus set sail for the discovery of America.
[27] Poetic name for Israel.
[28] ‘Ishmael’ and ‘Persia’ stand for Mohammedan and Christian Powers respectively.
[29] From Blind Children (London: Heinemann).
[30] One of the oldest Jewish congregations on the North American continent; founded in 1658.
[31] From History of the Jews in Poland and Russia (London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons).
[32] From The Jewish World, London.
[33] From The Promised Land (London: Heinemann).
[34] From The Promised Land (London: Heinemann).
[35] From Stories and Pictures (Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia).
[36] From Children of the Ghetto (London: Heinemann).
[37] See p. [184].
[38] From History of the People of Israel (London: Chapman & Hall).
[39] See p. [290].
[40] Cf. pp. 5763.
[41] From Passages of the Bible Chosen for their Literary Beauty (London: A. & C. Black).
[42] The Works of T. H. Huxley (London: Macmillan & Co.).
[43] Cf. p. 66.
[44] Cf. pp. 67 and 68.
[45] The Book of Jonah, together with Isaiah 58, is the prophetical Lesson for the Day of Atonement.
[46] From History of the Jewish Church (London: John Murray).
[47] Cf. p. 69.
[48] See p. [290] for the exact wording of Hillel’s saying.
[49] Cf. p. 72.
[50] See p. [268].
[51] Authorized Prayer Book, p. 317.
[52] From Daniel Deronda (London: William Blackwood & Sons).
[53] From Israel Among the Nations (London: Heinemann).
[54] From Historical Miniatures (London: George Allen & Unwin).
[55] A book in the Apocrypha.
[56] From History of Rationalism in Europe (London: Longmans, Green & Co.).
[57] From A Short History of the English People (London: Macmillan & Co.).
[58] See foot-note, p. [95]. In consequence of the American Revolution, the congregation became extinct. No Jew lived in Newport when this poem was written.
[59] Cp. pp. [97]108.
[60] From Democracy and Liberty (London: Longmans, Green & Co.).
[61] Cp. p. 125.
[62] From The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg (London: Chatto & Windus).
[63] Authorized Prayer Book, p. 3.
[64] From Songs of a Jew (London: Geo. Routledge & Sons).
[65] Scroll of the Law.
[66] Plural of Mitzvah, a ritual precept or ceremonial law. Mitzvah also means ‘a good deed’.
[67] See p. [290].
[68] Johanan ben Zakkai, pupil of Hillel and leader of Israel after the Destruction of Jerusalem (70 C.E.). He rescued Judaism by founding the Academy at Jabneh.
[69] From Service of the Synagogue (George Routledge & Sons).
[70] Term for ‘rabbi’ among the Chassidim or Pietists of Eastern Europe.
[71] Penitential Prayers before New Year and Atonement Day.
[72] Temporary group of worshippers; also term for the quorum of ten males required for public worship; see p. [6], last line.
[73] From Service of the Synagogue (Geo. Routledge & Sons).
[74] Reading Desk, usually in the centre of the Synagogue.
[75] From Service of the Synagogue (George Routledge & Sons).
[76] ‘Your health!’
[77] See 2 Maccabees for the story of the martyr mother and her seven sons.
[78] Cf. p. 156.
[79] In The Jewish Encyclopedia, ‘Holiness’ (London and New York: Funk & Wagnalls).
[80] See foot-note p. [218].
[81] Greatest of Mishna teachers; mystic, warrior, and martyr (132 C.E.).
[82] Companion of Akiba; declared the brotherhood of man to be the fundamental principle of religion.
[83] Most renowned of the Rabbis; born in Babylon about one hundred years before the Destruction of the Temple (70 C.E.).
[84] Died in the middle of the first century.
[85] Lived 135220; ‘Patriarch’ and editor of the Mishna.
[86] Mishna teacher of the 2nd century.
[87] Mishna teacher of the 2nd century.