Transcriber’s Note:

New original cover art included with this eBook is granted to the public domain.

YALE UNIVERSITY

MRS. HEPSA ELY SILLIMAN

MEMORIAL LECTURES

In the year 1883 a legacy of eighty thousand dollars was left to the President and Fellows of Yale College in the city of New Haven, to be held in trust, as a gift from her children, in memory of their beloved and honored mother, Mrs. Hepsa Ely Silliman.

On this foundation Yale College was requested and directed to establish an annual course of lectures designed to illustrate the presence and providence, the wisdom and goodness of God, as manifested in the natural and moral world. These were to be designated as the Mrs. Hepsa Ely Silliman Memorial Lectures. It was the belief of the testator that any orderly presentation of the facts of nature or history contributed to the end of this foundation more effectively than any attempt to emphasize the elements of doctrine or of creed; and he therefore provided that lectures on dogmatic or polemical theology should be excluded from the scope of this foundation, and that the subjects should be selected rather from the domains of natural science and history, giving special prominence to astronomy, chemistry, geology, and anatomy.

It was further directed that each annual course should be made the basis of a volume to form part of a series constituting a memorial to Mrs. Silliman. The memorial fund came into the possession of the Corporation of Yale University in the year 1901; and the present volume constitutes the fourteenth of the series of memorial lectures.

SILLIMAN MEMORIAL LECTURES

PUBLISHED BY YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS

ELECTRICITY AND MATTER. By Joseph John Thomson, d.s.c., l.l.d, ph.d., f.r.s., Fellow of Trinity College and Cavendish Professor of Experimental Physics, Cambridge University.

(Fourth printing.) Price $1.50 net.

THE INTEGRATIVE ACTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. By Charles S. Sherrington, d.sc., m.d., hon. ll.d. tor., f.r.s., Holt Professor of Physiology, University of Liverpool.

(Fifth Printing.) Price $5.00 net.

RADIOACTIVE TRANSFORMATIONS. By Ernest Rutherford, d.sc, ll.d., f.r.s., Macdonald Professor of Physics, McGill University.

Price $5.00 net.

EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL APPLICATIONS OF THERMODYNAMICS TO CHEMISTRY. By Dr. Walter Nernst, Professor and Director of the Institute of Physical Chemistry in the University of Berlin.

Price $1.50 net.

PROBLEMS OF GENETICS. By William Bateson, m.a., f.r.s., Director of the John Innes Horticultural Institution, Merton Park, Surrey, England.

(Second printing.) Price $5.00 net.

STELLAR MOTIONS. With Special Reference to Motions Determined by Means of the Spectrograph. By William Wallace Campbell, so.d, ll.d., Director of the Lick Observatory, University of California.

(Second printing.) Price $5.00 net.

THEORIES OF SOLUTIONS. By Svante Arrhenius, ph.d., sc.d., m.d., Director of the Physico-Chemical Department of the Nobel Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.

(Third printing.) Price $3.00 net.

IRRITABILITY. A Physiological Analysis of the General Effect of Stimuli in Living Substances. By Max Verworn, m.d., ph.d., Professor at Bonn Physiological Institute.

(Second printing.) Price $5.00 net.

PROBLEMS OF AMERICAN GEOLOGY. By William North Rice, Frank D. Adams, Arthur P. Coleman, Charles D. Walcott, Waldemar Lindgren, Frederick Leslie Ransome, and William D. Matthew.

(Second printing.) Price $5.00 net.

THE PROBLEM OF VOLCANISM. By Joseph Paxson Iddings, ph.d., sc.d.

(Second printing.) Price $5.00 net.

ORGANISM AND ENVIRONMENT AS ILLUSTRATED BY THE PHYSIOLOGY OF BREATHING. By John Scott Haldane, m.d., ll.d., f.r.s., Fellow of New College, Oxford University.

(Second printing.) Price $1.25 net.

A CENTURY OF SCIENCE

IN AMERICA

A
CENTURY OF SCIENCE
IN AMERICA
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 1818–1918

BY

EDWARD SALISBURY DANA · CHARLES SCHUCHERT

HERBERT E. GREGORY · JOSEPH BARRELL · GEORGE OTIS SMITH

RICHARD SWANN LULL · LOUIS V. PIRSSON

WILLIAM E. FORD · R. B. SOSMAN · HORACE L. WELLS

HARRY W. FOOTE · LEIGH PAGE · WESLEY R. COE

AND GEORGE L. GOODALE

NEW HAVEN

YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS

LONDON · HUMPHREY MILFORD · OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

MDCCCCXVIII

COPYRIGHT, 1918, BY

YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS