CONTENTS
SECTION I
OPERATIONS UPON THE FEMALE GENITAL ORGANS
PART I
ABDOMINAL GYNÆCOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
By JOHN BLAND-SUTTON, F.R.C.S. (Eng.)
Surgeon to the Middlesex Hospital and Senior Surgeon to the Chelsea Hospital for Women, London.
CHAPTER I
PAGES
| CŒLIOTOMY | |
| Preparation of Patient, [3]. Basins, Dishes, and Instruments, [4]. Sutureand Ligature Material, [5]. Dabs, [5]. Gloves, Operating Table, Anæsthesia,[6]. The Incision, [7]. Misplaced Viscera, [8]. Closure of Wound, [8] | [3]–[9] |
CHAPTER II
| OVARIOTOMY | |
| The Operation, [10]. Cysts of the Broad Ligaments, [14]. Spurious Capsules,[15]. For Carcinoma of Ovary, [15]. Incomplete Ovariotomy, [16]. AnomalousOvariotomy, [16]. Ovariotomy followed by Hysterectomy, [17].Repeated Ovariotomy, [17]. Pregnancy after Bilateral Ovariotomy,[17]. Ovariotomy at Extremes of Life, [18]. Ovariotomy in Old Age,[19]. Mortality, [19] | [10]–[20] |
CHAPTER III
| OÖPHORECTOMY | |
| Operation, [22]. Abdominal Hysterectomy after Bilateral Oöphorectomyand Ovariotomy, [25]. Mortality, [25]. Operation for Primary Cancerof the Fallopian Tube, [26] | [21]–[28] |
CHAPTER IV
| OPERATIONS FOR EXTRA-UTERINE GESTATION | |
| Indications, [29]. Operation, [29]. Concurrent Intra- and Extra-uterinePregnancy, [33]. Results of Operative Treatment, [34] | [29]–[35] |
CHAPTER V
| HYSTERECTOMY AND MYOMECTOMY | |
| Indications, [36]. Subtotal Hysterectomy, [36]. Total Hysterectomy, [40].Mortality, [44]. Risks of Abdominal Hysterectomy, [45]. AbdominalMyomectomy, [46] | [36]–[49] |
CHAPTER VI
| ON THE RELATIVE VALUE OF TOTAL AND SUBTOTAL HYSTERECTOMY | |
| Cancer of the Body of the Uterus and Fibroids, [52]. Sarcoma, [53]. Cancerof the Uterus after Bilateral Ovariotomy, [55]. Adenomyoma of theUterus, [56]. Fate and Value of Belated Ovaries, [56] | [50]–[60] |
CHAPTER VII
| HYSTERECTOMY FOR PRIMARY CARCINOMA OF THE UTERUS | |
| For Cancer of the Cervix, [61]. For Cancer of the Body of the Uterus, [63] | [61]–[65] |
CHAPTER VIII
| OPERATIONS FOR DISPLACEMENT OF THE UTERUS | |
| Ventro-suspension for Retroflexion of the Uterus, [66]. Ventro-fixation forProlapse of the Uterus, [67] | [66]–[68] |
CHAPTER IX
| OPERATIONS UPON THE UTERUS DURING PREGNANCY, PARTURIENCY, AND PUERPERY | |
| Cæsarean Section, [69]; Immediately after the Death of the Mother, [72].Ovariotomy and Hysterectomy during Pregnancy and in Labour, [73].Ovariotomy during the Puerperium, [76]. Fibroids and Pregnancy, [77].Pregnancy with Cancer of the Cervix, [82]. Concurrent Uterine andTubal Pregnancy, [82]. Pregnancy with Tumours growing from thePelvic Walls, [83]. Operations for Puerperal Sepsis, [83] | [69]–[85] |
CHAPTER X
| OPERATIONS FOR INJURIES OF THE UTERUS | |
| Gynæcological, [86]. Obstetric, [87]; to the Pregnant Uterus, [89]; to theGravid Uterus in the course of an Abdominal Operation, [89]. BulletWounds of the Pregnant Uterus, [90]. Stab-wounds of the PregnantUterus, [91] | [86]–[92] |
CHAPTER XI
| THE AFTER-TREATMENT, RISKS, AND SEQUELÆ OF ABDOMINAL GYNÆCOLOGICAL OPERATIONS | |
| After-treatment of Abdominal Operations, [93]. Complications of AbdominalGynæcological Operations—Metrostaxis, [95]; Bed-sores, [95];Post-anæsthetic Paralysis, [95]; Giving way of the Wound, [96]; Hæmorrhage,[97]; Intrapelvic Hæmorrhage, [98]; Pneumonia, [99]; Parotitis,[99]; Thrombosis, [101]; Pulmonary Embolism, [101]; Foreign Bodies leftin the Abdomen, [105]; Tetanus, [107]; Injury to the Intestines, [109]; IntestinalObstruction, [110]; Perforating Ulcer of the Stomach and SmallIntestine, [111]; Injuries to the Bladder, [111]; to the Ureter, [112]. The fateof Ligatures, [117]. Post-operative Kraurosis, [120]. The Cicatrix, [120] | [93]–[122] |
PART II
VAGINAL GYNÆCOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
By JOHN PHILLIPS, M.A., M.D. (Cantab.), F.R.C.P.
Professor of Obstetric Medicine, King’s College, London; Obstetric Physician and Gynæcologist to King’s College Hospital.
CHAPTER XII
| PREPARATION OF THE PATIENT FOR PERINEAL AND VAGINAL OPERATIONS: OPERATIONS FOR INJURIES TO THE PERINEUM AND PELVIC FLOOR | |
| Preparation of the Patient, [125]. Operations for Repair of a CompleteLaceration of the Perineum, [127]. Operation for Laceration of thePelvic Floor, [132] | [125]–[133] |
CHAPTER XIII
| OPERATIONS UPON THE URETHRA AND BLADDER | |
| Extirpation of a Urethral Caruncle, [134]. Operations for Incontinencefollowing Labour, [134]; for Vesico-vaginal Fistula, [135]; for Recto-vaginalFistula, [139]; for Cystocele, [140] | [134]–[141] |
CHAPTER XIV
| OPERATIONS UPON THE VULVA AND VAGINA | |
| Operations upon Bartholin’s Glands, [142]. Operations for Atresia of theHymen and the Vagina, [143]. Dilatation of the Vulval Orifice, [143].Colpotomy, [144]; Anterior, [145]; Posterior, [147]; Lateral, [148] | [142]–[148] |
CHAPTER XV
| OPERATIONS UPON THE UTERUS | |
| Passage of the Uterine Sound, [149]. Reposition of a Chronic UterineInversion, [151]. Curetting the Uterus, [152]. Dilatation of theCervix, [156]—Rapid Dilatation, [157]; Gradual Dilatation, [159]. Operationsfor Hypertrophy of the Cervix, [160]. Trachelorrhaphy, [161].Vaginal Fixation, [164] | [149]–[164] |
CHAPTER XVI
| OPERATIONS FOR NEW GROWTHS OF THE UTERUS | |
| For Uterine Fibro-myomata, [165]—for Pedunculated Tumours, [165]; forSessile Tumours, [166]; for Interstitial Tumours, [167]. VaginalHysterectomy, [167]—for Carcinoma, [168]; for Fibroids, [173] | [165]–[173] |
SECTION II
OPHTHALMIC OPERATIONS
By M. S. MAYOU, F.R.C.S. (Eng.)
Assistant Surgeon to the Central London Ophthalmic Hospital; Ophthalmic Surgeon to the Children’s Hospital, Paddington Green.
CHAPTER I
| GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS APPLICABLE TO OPERATIONS UPON THE EYE | |
| General Preliminaries to an Operation, [177]. Local Preparation of thePatient, [80]. Making and Healing of Wounds in the Globe, [182]—Purificationof Hands, [182]; of Instruments, [183]; Direction of Incision,[183]; Position of Incision, [184]; Dressings, [186]; Bandaging, [186] | [177]–[186] |
CHAPTER II
| OPERATIONS UPON THE LENS | |
| Surgical Anatomy, [187]. Discission or Needling, [189]—for Cataract, [189];for High Myopia, [190]. Capsulotomy, [192]. Evacuation, [194]. Evulsionof the Capsule, [195]. Extraction of the Lens, [195]. Modifications,[201]; Delivery of the Lens by Irrigation, [203]; Extraction of the Lensin its Capsule, [204]; Subconjunctival Extraction, [204]. Couching, [209] | [187]–[210] |
CHAPTER III
| OPERATIONS UPON THE IRIS | |
| Iridotomy, [211]. Alternative Methods—Kuhnt’s Operation, [212]; Ziegler’s,[213]. Iridectomy—Optical Iridectomy, [214]; Glaucoma Iridectomy,[217]—for small Growths of the Iris, [225]; for Prolapse of the Iris, [225].Transfixion of the Iris, [226]. Division of Anterior Synechiæ, [227] | [211]–[227] |
CHAPTER IV
| OPERATIONS UPON THE SCLEROTIC | |
| Anterior Sclerotomy, [228]. Cyclo-dialysis, [229]. Sclerectomy, [231]. PosteriorSclerotomy, [232]. Paracentesis of the Anterior Chamber, [233]. ForPenetrating Wounds of the Globe, [234]. Electro-magnet Operations—withSmall Magnet, [237]; with Giant Magnet, [238] | [228]–[239] |
CHAPTER V
| OPERATIONS UPON THE CORNEA AND CONJUNCTIVA | |
| Removal of a Foreign Body from the Cornea, [240]. Cauterization of theCornea, [240]. Operations for Conical Cornea, [241]. Removal ofTumours involving the Cornea, [243]. Tattooing the Cornea, [243].Scraping Calcareous Films, [243]. Operations upon the Conjunctiva—Removalof Foreign Bodies, [244]; for Pterygium, [244]; Expression, [245];Conjunctivoplasty, [245]; Removal of Tarsal Cysts, [246] | [240]–[246] |
CHAPTER VI
| OPERATIONS UPON THE EXTRA-OCULAR MUSCLES | |
| Squint Operations, [247]. Tenotomy, [248]. Advancement, [251] | [247]–[254] |
CHAPTER VII
| ENUCLEATION OF THE GLOBE AND ALLIED OPERATIONS | |
| Enucleation, [255]. Evisceration, [257]. Mules’s Operation, [259]. Frost’sOperation, [259]. Operations upon the Socket after Removal of theEye—Paraffin Injection, [260]. Operations for Restoration of a ContractedSocket—Skin-grafting, [261]; Inclusion of Flaps (Maxwell’sOperation), [261] | [255]–[262] |
CHAPTER VIII
| OPERATIONS UPON THE EYELIDS | |
| Surgical Anatomy, [263]. Suture of Wounds of the Eyelids, [263]. Operationsfor Ankyloblepharon, [264]; for Symblepharon, [264]. Upon thePalpebral Aperture, [265]—Canthoplasty, [265]; Canthotomy, [265];Canthorrhaphy, [265]; Tarsorrhaphy, [266]. Ptosis Operations, [267];Shortening the Eyelid by Excision of a portion of the Tarsal Plate, [267].Attachment of the Lid to the Occipito-frontalis Muscle, [268]. Advancementof the Levator Palpebræ Muscle, [272]. Grafting a portion ofthe Superior Rectus into the Lid, [273] | [263]–[274] |
CHAPTER IX
| OPERATIONS FOR ENTROPION, REPAIR OF THE EYELIDS, TRICHIASIS, AND ECTROPION | |
| Electrolysis, [275]. Skin and Muscle Operation, [275]. Rectification of aFaulty Curvature of the Tarsus—Burow’s Operation, [276]; Streatfield’sOperation, [277]. Transplantation of the Lash-bearing Area—Arlt’sOperation, [278]. Ectropion Operations, [279]—for Passive Ectropion,[280]; Snellen’s Suture Method, [280]; Fergus’s Operation, [281]; Kuhnt’sOperation, [281]; Argyll Robertson’s Operation, [282]. For the Active orCicatricial Form, [284]; VY Operation, [284]; Denonvillier’s Operation,[285]; Fricke’s Operation, [285]; Thiersch’s Skin-grafting, [287]. Repairof large Losses of Substance from the Eyelids, [287]; De Vincentiis’Operation, [287]; Dieffenbach’s Operation, [288] | [275]–[289] |
CHAPTER X
| OPERATIONS UPON THE LACHRYMAL APPARATUS | |
| For the Relief of Lachrymal Obstruction, [290]—Dilatation of the Canaliculus,[290]; Slitting the Canaliculus, [291]; Syringing the Lachrymal Duct, [292];Probing the Lachrymal Duct, [292]; the Insertion of Styles, [293]. ForObliteration of the Canals, [294]; Obliteration of the Canaliculi, [294];Excision of the Lachrymal Sac, [294]. Opening a Lachrymal Abscess, [297].Operations upon the Lachrymal Gland—Removal of the PalpebralPortion, [298]; Removal of the Orbital Portion, [299]. Operations uponthe Orbit—Exploration of the Orbit (Krönlein’s Method), [299]; Eviscerationof the Orbit, [301]; Opening an Orbital Abscess, [301] | [290]–[301] |
SECTION III
OPERATIONS UPON THE EAR
By HUNTER F. TOD, M.A., M.D. (Cantab.), F.R.C.S. (Eng.)
Aural Surgeon to the London Hospital.
CHAPTER I
| EXAMINATION OF THE EAR: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS WITH REGARD TO OPERATIONS | |
| Examination of the Ear, [305]—Sources of Illumination, [305]; Technique ofExamination, [306]; Method of cleansing the Ear, [307]. GeneralConsiderations with regard to Operations—Preliminary SurgicalToilet, [309]; Anæsthesia, [310]. Position of Patient and Surgeon, [313] | [305]–[313] |
CHAPTER II
| OPERATIONS UPON THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL | |
| Operations for Furunculosis, [314]. Removal of Exostoses from theExternal Meatus, [316]. Removal of Foreign Bodies—by Syringing,[322]; by Instruments, [323]; by Post-aural Incision, [326]; by Operationupon the Mastoid, [327]. Operations for Stenosis of the ExternalMeatus, [328]. Operations for Atresia, [330]; for Aural Polypus, [331] | [314]–[334] |
CHAPTER III
| OPERATIONS UPON THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE AND WITHIN THE TYMPANIC CAVITY | |
| Surgical Anatomy of the Tympanum, [335]. Paracentesis, [336]. ArtificialPerforation of the Tympanic Membrane, [340]. Division of the AnteriorLigament, [341]. Division of the Posterior Fold, [341]. IntratympanicOperations, [342]; Division of Adhesions, [342]; Tenotomy of the TensorTympani, [346]; Tenotomy of the Stapedius, [347]. Removal of Granulationsfrom the Tympanic Cavity, [348]. Operations upon the Ossicles—DirectMobilization, [349]; Removal of the Ossicles, [351] | [335]–[363] |
CHAPTER IV
| OPERATIONS UPON THE EUSTACHIAN TUBE | |
| Catheterization, [364]. Passing of the Eustachian Bougie, [369]. Washingout the Tympanic Cavity through the Eustachian Tube, [372] | [364]–[372] |
CHAPTER V
| OPERATIONS UPON THE MASTOID PROCESS:WILDE’S INCISION AND SCHWARTZE’S OPERATION | |
| Surgical Anatomy, [373]. History of the Mastoid Operation, [375]. Wilde’sIncision, [377]. Schwartze’s Operation, [378]. Treatment of SpecialConditions—in an Infant, [389]; Subperiosteal Abscess, [389]; Bezold’sMastoid Abscess, [389]; Necrosis, [390]; Osteomyelitis, [390] | [373]–[390] |
CHAPTER VI
| THE COMPLETE MASTOID OPERATION | |
| Methods of Operation, [392]; Küster-Bergmann (Schwartze-Stacke) Operation,[393]; Wolf’s Operation, [396]; Stacke’s Operation, [397]; Preservationof the Ossicles and Tympanic Membrane, [399]. The Formation of Post-meatalSkin Flaps, [401]. Closure of the Wound, [404]. Skin-graftingafter the Mastoid Operation, [405]. After-treatment of the Case, [410].Difficulties and Dangers of the Operation, [412]. Results, [415] | [391]–[416] |
CHAPTER VII
| OPERATIONS UPON THE LABYRINTH | |
| General Considerations, [417]. Indications, [417]. Surgical Anatomy, [420].Methods of Operating, [421]; Curetting a Localized Lesion of Wall, [421];Opening the Vestibule, [422]; Removal of the Cochlea, [424]; Extirpationof the Labyrinth, [425] | [417]–[428] |
CHAPTER VIII
| OPERATIONS FOR EXTRA-DURAL ABSCESS AND MENINGITIS OF OTITIC ORIGIN | |
| On Intracranial Complications in General, [429]. Operations for Extra-duralAbscess, [430]. Operations for Meningitis of Otitic Origin, [433] | [429]–[438] |
CHAPTER IX
| OPERATIONS FOR LATERAL SINUS THROMBOSIS OF OTITIC ORIGIN | |
| General Considerations, [439]. Exposure of the Lateral Sinus, [440]. Openingof the Lateral Sinus, [442]. Ligature of the Jugular Vein, [446].Exposure of the Jugular Bulb, [454] | [439]–[458] |
CHAPTER X
| OPERATIONS FOR INTRACRANIAL ABSCESS OF OTITIC ORIGIN | |
| Indications, [459]. Operation, [460]. After-treatment, [469]. Complications,[469]. Prognosis and subsequent Progress, [470]. Recurrence ofSymptoms, [471] | [459]–[471] |
SECTION IV
OPERATIONS UPON THE LARYNX AND TRACHEA
By W. DOUGLAS HARMER, M.C. (Cantab.), F.R.C.S. (Eng.)
Surgeon to the Throat and Nose Department, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital.
CHAPTER I
| ENDOLARYNGEAL OPERATIONS | |
| Indications, [475]. Operation by Indirect Laryngoscopy, [477]. Operationby Direct Laryngoscopy, [479] | [475]–[486] |
CHAPTER II
| EXTRA-LARYNGEAL OPERATIONS | |
| Thyrotomy, [487]. Hemi-laryngectomy, [495]. Anatomy of the LaryngealLymphatics, [496]. Total Laryngectomy, [498]. Comparative Results ofExtra-laryngeal Operations, [502]. Infrathyreoid Laryngotomy, [510] | [487]–[516] |
CHAPTER III
| OPERATIONS UPON THE TRACHEA | |
| Tracheotomy, [517]; in Diphtheria, [526]; in Conditions other than Diphtheria,[544]. Tracheo-fissure and Resection of the Trachea, [546] | [517]–[548] |
CHAPTER IV
| INTUBATION OF THE LARYNX | |
| Intubation v. Tracheotomy in Diphtheria, [549]. Indications, [552]. Operation,[553]. Difficulties, [555]. After-treatment, [556]. Complications, [557] | [549]–[558] |
CHAPTER V
| TRACHEOSCOPY AND BRONCHOSCOPY | |
| Indications, [559]. Tracheoscopy, [560]. Upper Bronchoscopy, [562]. LowerBronchoscopy, [562]. Complications, [563]. Results, [566] | [559]–[566] |
SECTION V
OPERATIONS UPON THE NOSE AND ITS ACCESSORY CAVITIES
By StCLAIR THOMSON, M.D., F.R.C.P. (Lond.), F.R.C.S. (Eng.)
Professor of Laryngology and Physician for Diseases of the Throat, King’s College Hospital, London.
CHAPTER I
| GENERAL CONSIDERATIONSIN REGARD TO OPERATIONS UPON THE NOSE AND NASO-PHARYNX | |
| Sources of Illumination, [569]. Local Anæsthesia, [572]. Local Ischæmia,[573]. Bleeding and its Control, [574]. The Protection of the LowerAir-passages from the Descent of Blood, [576]. Shock, [577]. Sepsisand other Complications, [577]. Asepsis, [578]. After-treatment, [578].Cleansing the Nose, [579]. After-results, [580] | [569]–[580] |
CHAPTER II
| OPERATIONS FOR INJURIES, DEFORMITIES, FOREIGN BODIES,AND RHINOLITHS: OPERATIONS UPON THE TURBINALS: OPERATIONS IN SYPHILIS AND LUPUS | |
| Operations for Injuries to the Nose—Fractures of the Nasal Bones andSeptum, [581]. For Congenital Occlusion of the Nostrils, [582]. Removalof Foreign Bodies, [584]; of Rhinoliths, [586]. Operations upon theTurbinals, [586]; upon the Inferior Turbinal, [587]; upon the MiddleTurbinal, [592]. For the Results of Syphilis—Sequestrotomy, [594]; Post-syphiliticAdhesions of the Velum, [595]. For Tuberculosis, [596] | [581]–[596] |
CHAPTER III
| OPERATIONS UPON THE NASAL SEPTUM | |
| For Deformities—Removal of Spurs, [597]; Perforating the Septum, [598].For Simple Deviation, [598]; Gleason-Watson Operation, [599]; Asch’sOperation, [599]; Moure’s Operation, [599]. For Combined Bony andCartilaginous Deformity—Submucous Resection, [601]. ComplementaryOperations, [610]. For Perforation of the Nasal Septum,[611]. For Abscess, [612]. For Hæmatoma, [612] | [597]–[612] |
CHAPTER IV
| OPERATIONS FOR REMOVAL OF NASAL GROWTHS THROUGH THE NOSTRILS: OPERATIONS FOR OBTAINING DIRECT ACCESS TO THE NASAL CAVITIES AND NASO-PHARYNX | |
| Removal by the Snare, [613]. Removal by Forceps and Curettes, [615].Lateral Rhinotomy (Moure’s Operation), [618]. Rouge’s Operation,[622]. Combination of Moure’s and Rouge’s Operations, [625]. Extensionof Rouge’s Operation to allow of Access to the Maxillary Antrum,[625]. Other Methods, [625] | [613]–[625] |
CHAPTER V
| OPERATIONS UPON THE ACCESSORY NASAL SINUSES | |
| Operations upon the Maxillary Sinus—Catheterizing the MaxillarySinus, [626]; Puncturing from the Nose, [626]; from the AlveolarMargin, [628]. Operation through the Canine Fossa only, [631]; theCaldwell-Luc Radical Operation, [631]; Drainage through the NasalWall only, [637]. Operations upon the Frontal Sinus—Catheterizingand Washing out the Frontal Sinus, [638]; Opening the Frontal Sinus inAcute Suppuration, [642]; Killian’s Operation, [642]; the Ogston-LucOperation, [651]; Kuhnt’s Operation, [653]. Operations upon theSphenoidal Sinus, [653]; Sounding and Washing out, [653]; Opening theSphenoidal Sinus, [656]. Operation in Multiple Sinus Suppuration, [659] | [626]–[660] |
CHAPTER VI
| OPERATIONS INVOLVING THE NASO-PHARYNX: OPERATIONS FOR RETROPHARYNGEAL ABSCESS: OPERATIONS FORNASO-PHARYNGEAL ADENOIDS | |
| Methods of obtaining Access to the Naso-pharynx through the Nose, [661];through the Mouth, [662]. Retropharyngeal Abscess, [664]. Removalof Naso-pharyngeal Adenoids, [665] | [661]–[672] |