FOOTNOTES:

[8] Erasmus, the reformer, speaks of 'many herds' of bears which he saw being trained for baiting when he was in England in the reign of Henry VIII.

[9] This description is taken from "The Reminiscences of an Octogenarian," published in The Reading Observer. He describes a visit made by himself when a youth, to Wokingham, under the guidance of an elder companion, to see the bull-baiting. Other particulars have been derived from information given to the writer of this article by those, most of them now dead, who were spectators of the sports.

[10] The particulars of this scene were given to the writer by the farmer who had been one of the boys in the chaise.

[11] The description of this scene is taken partly from an old picture, and partly from the narrative of an eye-witness.


Index.

Abbot, power of, [133]-[134]
Alfred the Great, [98]-[114]
Agriculture languishing, [14]
Albert Memorial Chapel, [41]
Abingdon, chronicles of, [63]-[64];
Fair, [93];
Guild, [121]
Bacon, M.J., Berkshire Words and Phrases, [235]-[243]
Barber's Guild, [124]-[126], [129]
Berkshire Words and Phrases, [235]-[243]
Bible, Alfred attempts to translate the, [107]
Binfield, [211]-[234]
Binfield and Easthampstead, 1700-1716, and the early years of Alexander Pope, [211]-[234]
British tribes, [2]
Bull-baiting in Berkshire, [244]-[258]
Burney, Fanny, life at Windsor described by, [37]
Burning at the Stake, [14]
Celtic times, [2]
Chapel Royal, [40]-[41]
Charles I. a prisoner at Windsor, [34];
execution and burial, [34];
snow at his funeral, [35]
Christianity, spread of, [8]
Civil War, [14]-[18]
Cloth-trade destroyed at Reading, [160]
Cumnor Place and Amy Robsart, [63]-[97]
Cumnor Church, [65]-[69]
Danes destroy Churches, [7]-[8];
defeated, [104]
Disobedience, fine for, [126]
Ditchfield, P.H. Historic Berkshire, [1]-[20];
Guilds of Berkshire, [115]-[136]
Dragon stories, [140]
Dudley, Lord Robert, [74]-[91]
Easthampstead, [211]-[234]
Elfreda's crimes, [179]
Elizabeth, Queen, patroness of baiting animals, [246]
England united under Alfred, [7]
Faringdon, Hugh, [153]-[159]
Field, J.E., Wallingford Castle, [47]-[62]
First Battle of Newbury, [193]-[203]
First monarch interred at Windsor, [31]
Freedom of towns sold, [131]
Gardiner, E.R., Scouring of the White Horse, [137]-[152]
Garter, institution of, [26]
Gaunt, John of, marriage, [186]
Gilt cup as a New Year's present, [159]
Good Friday, baiting animals on, [247]
Guilds of Berkshire, [115]-[136]
Handbill, quaint, [144]
Herne's oak, [44]
Heart of St. George brought to Windsor, [30]
Highwayman, story of a, [142]-[143]
Historic Berkshire, [1]-[20]
Holy Cross, Guild of, [135]
Hunting, [113]
Ingleby, Miss Evelyn, Windsor Castle, [21]-[46]
Inns in Berkshire, [87]
Isabella bestowes Wallingford Castle on Mortimer, [56]
Jack of Newbury, [13]
James, flight of, [36]
Jewel, Alfred's [103]
John signs the Magna Charta, [11]-[12]
Knighthood, flower of, [26]
Lamplough, E., First Battle of Newbury, [193]-[203];
Second Battle of Newbury, [204]-[210]
Last of the Abbots, [153]-[159]
Law-giver, Alfred the, [110]-[114]
Library at Windsor, [42]-[43]
Magna Charta, [11]-[12], [23]
Martin, regicide, [163]
Mercatory guild, [128]
Merry Wives of Windsor, [33]
Murder of Amy Robsart, [88]
Newbury, First Battle, [193]-[203];
Second Battle, [204]-[210]
Nicholas, St., College of, [60]
Norman Conquest, [65]
Norman invaders, [9]
Oaks, ancient, [44]
Origin of Guilds, [116]
Parliament held at Reading, [13];
at Wallingford, [53]
Parsons, Robert, Author of 'Leicester's Commonwealth,' [76]-[77]
Penny, C.W., Binfield and Easthampstead, [211]-[234]
Pepys at Windsor, [35]
Philippa, Queen, death of, [26]-[28]
Poet and scholar, Alfred, [106]-[110]
Poetry, Anglo-Saxon, [100]
Pomp and vanity at Windsor, [25]
Pope, Alexander, [217]-[234]
Physical peculiarity, [241]
Reading Abbey, [179]-[192];
Guilds, [117], [123]
Reformation, doctrines of, [14]
Reid, H.J., F.S.A., Cumnor Place and Amy Robsart, [63]-[97]
Restoration rejoicings, [18]
Restoration of Windsor Castle, [39]
Revolution of 1688, [18]-[19]
Richard II. at Windsor, [28];
death, [29]
Robsart, Amy, [74]-[91], [78]-[82]
Roman times, [2]-[4]
Rome visited by Alfred, [100]
Royal county, [1]
Royal prisoners, story of, [25]
Saxon times, [5]
Scott, Sir Walter, on Cumnor, [73]
Scouring of the White Horse, [137]-[152]
Second Battle of Newbury, [204]-[210]
Settlements of the Saxons, [5]-[6]
Seymour, Jane, buried at Windsor, [32]
Shaw, the Lifeguardsman, [149]
Ship-money, [162]
Shoemaker's guild, [126]-[127]
Siege of Reading, [160]-[178]
Simon de Montfort, [12], [24]
Snow at the funeral of Charles I., [35]
Soldiers taking down a weathercock, [67]
Sports, [141]-[142]
Standard, Saxon, [138]-[139]
Staverton, George, strange bequest, [248]
Stephen and the Empress Maud, wars of, [10]-[11]
Sturges, Canon, Bull-baiting in Berkshire, [244]-[258]
Sunday shaving, [124]-[126];
Sports, [127]
Superstitions, [241]
Tailors ordered to make clothes for soldiers, [165]
Tennyson, quoted, [46]
Thompson, W.H., Alfred the Great, [98]-[114]
Tiles as fines, [125]
Tobacco, prize for smoking, [149]
Trade, increase of, [12]
Voting £70,000 for a tomb, [35]
Victuallers' Company, [127]-[128]
Village Feasts, [137]
Wallingford Castle, [47]-[62]
Wantage, birth place of Alfred, [98]
Warrior-king, Alfred, [100]-[106]
Wellington on a victory, [160]
White Horse, [137]-[152]
Windsor Castle, [21]-[46]
William the Conqueror at Wallingford, [48]
Wokingham, bull-baiting at [247]-[256]
Wolsey's Tomb-House, [22]
Words and Phrases, [235]-[243]

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

of

William Andrews & Co.,

5, FARRINGDON AVENUE, LONDON, E.C.

"Valuable and interesting."—The Times.

"Readable as well as instructive."—The Globe.

"A valuable addition to any library."—Derbyshire Times.

The Bygone Series.

In this series the following volumes are included, and issued at 7s. 6d. each. Demy 8vo., cloth gilt.

These books have been favourably reviewed in the leading critical journals of England and America.

Carefully written articles by recognised authorities are included on history, castles, abbeys, biography, romantic episodes, legendary lore, traditional stories, curious customs, folk-lore, etc., etc.

The works are illustrated by eminent artists, and by the reproduction of quaint pictures of the olden time.

BYGONE BERKSHIRE, edited by Rev. P.H. Ditchfield, M.A., F.S.A.

BYGONE CHESHIRE, edited by William Andrews, F.R.H.S.

BYGONE DERBYSHIRE, edited by William Andrews, F.R.H.S.

BYGONE ESSEX, edited by William Andrews, F.R.H.S.

BYGONE ENGLAND, by William Andrews, F.R.H.S.

BYGONE GLOUCESTERSHIRE, edited by William Andrews, F.R.H.S.

BYGONE KENT, edited by Richard Stead, B.A.

BYGONE LANCASHIRE, edited by Ernest Axon.

BYGONE LEICESTERSHIRE, edited by William Andrews, F.R.H.S.

BYGONE LINCOLNSHIRE (2 vols.), edited by William Andrews, F.R.H.S.

BYGONE LONDON, by Frederick Ross, F.R.H.S.

BYGONE NOTTINGHAMSHIRE, by William Stevenson.

BYGONE SCOTLAND, by David Maxwell, C.E.

BYGONE SOMERSETSHIRE, edited by William Andrews, F.R.H.S.

BYGONE SOUTHWARK, by Mrs. E. Boger.

BYGONE SURREY, edited by George Clinch and S W Kershaw, F.S.A.

BYGONE WARWICKSHIRE, edited by William Andrews, F.R.H.S.

BYGONE YORKSHIRE, edited by William Andrews, F.R.H.S.

Elegantly bound in cloth gilt, Demy 8vo., Price 6s.

BYGONE ENGLAND:
SOCIAL STUDIES IN ITS HISTORIC BYWAYS AND HIGHWAYS.
By WILLIAM ANDREWS, F.R.H.S.

Contents:—Under Watch and Ward—Under Lock and Key—The Practice of Pledging—The Minstrel in the Olden Time—Curious Landholding Customs—Curiosities of Slavery in England—Buying and Selling in the Olden Time—Curious Fair Customs—Old Prejudices against Coal—The Sedan Chair—Running Footmen—The Early Days of the Umbrella—A Talk about Tea—Concerning Coffee—The Horn Book—Fighting Cocks in Schools—Bull Baiting—The Badge of Poverty—Patents to wear Nightcaps—A Foolish Fashion—Wedding Notices in the Last Century—Selling Wives—The Story of the Tinder Box—The Invention of Friction matches—Body Snatching—Christmas under the Commonwealth—Under the Mistletoe Bough—A carefully prepared Index.

"We welcome 'Bygone England.' It is another of Mr. Andrews' meritorious achievements in the path of popularising archæological and old time information without in any way writing down to an ignoble level."—The Antiquary.

"A delightful volume for all who love to dive into the origin of social habits and customs, and to penetrate into the byways of history."—Liverpool Daily Post.

"There is a large mass of information in this capital volume, and it is so pleasantly put that many will be tempted to study it. Mr. Andrews has done his work with great skill."—London Quarterly review.

Elegantly bound in cloth gilt, demy 8vo., 7s. 6d.

OLD CHURCH LORE,
By WILLIAM ANDREWS, F.R.H.S.
Author of "Curiosities of the Church," "Old Time Punishments," "Historic Romance," etc.

Contents: The Right of Sanctuary—The Romance of Trial—A Fight between the Mayor of Hull and the Archbishop of York—Chapels on Bridges—Charter Horns—The Old English Sunday—The Easter Sepulchre—St. Paul's Cross—Cheapside Cross—The Biddenden Maids Charity—Plagues and Pestilences—A King Curing an Abbot of Indigestion—The Services and Customs of Royal Oak Day—Marrying in a White Sheet—Marrying under the Gallows—Kissing the Bride—Hot Ale at Weddings—Marrying Children—The Passing Bell—Concerning Coffins—The Curfew Bell—Curious Symbols of the Saints—Acrobats on Steeples—A carefully prepared Index—Illustrated.

PRESS OPINIONS.

"It must be confessed that when we read the statement in the preface of this work that an attempt had been made to blend instruction with entertainment, our mind was filled with gloomy forebodings. But it seems that we had no occasion for them. Mr. Andrews discusses his various subjects,—The Right of Sanctuary, The Romance of Trial, Charter Horns, The Curfew Bell, and so on,—in so pleasant a style, and with such evident love of his work, that all fear of the dry-as-dust immediately vanishes, and we find ourselves taking as great interest in ancient clerical usages and customs as he himself does, and are, in fact, quite reluctant to part with our guide when the end of the volume is reached. We feel that we should also mention the excellent typography of the publication, and the suitable illustrations by which it is accompanied."—Publisher's Circular.

"A worthy work on a deeply interesting subject.... We commend this book strongly."—European Mail.

"An interesting volume."—The Scotsman.

"The book is eminently readable, and may be taken up at any moment with the certainty that something suggestive or entertaining will present itself."—Glasgow Citizen.

Elegantly bound in cloth gilt, demy 8vo., 7s. 6d.

Curious Church Gleanings,
Edited by WILLIAM ANDREWS, F.R.H.S.,
Author of "Curiosities of the Church," "Old Church Lore," etc.

CONTENTS:—

What to Look for in an Old Church—Early Church Dedications—The Church Porch—The Lights of a Mediæval Church—Concerning Crosses—Misericordes—Church Gilds—Pews of the Past—The Bishop's Throne—Chantries—Hagioscopes—Some English Shrines—The Church and the Well of St. Chad—Burials in Woollen—Hearse: How a Word has Changed its Meaning—Heart Burials of English Persons—Boy-Bishops—Gleanings from a Parish Chest—A carefully compiled Index.

ILLUSTRATED.

Press Opinions.

"The volume, which is beautifully printed and illustrated, will fascinate the reader by its diversity, its instructive exposition, and its record of what is odd, mystical, and glorious in the Church's annals."—Birmingham Daily Gazette.

"A most entertaining work, and useful to antiquaries and sociologists as a book of reference."—Leeds Mercury.

"A fund of quaint and pleasing information."—Chester Courant.

"Mr. Andrews and his coadjutors have provided a work which will give unqualified pleasure to the reader of the day, and which will prove engrossing to every searcher after the ancient and the curious in ecclesiastical history or structure."—Dundee Advertiser.

"The learned editor of this work has in several volumes proved his extensive acquaintance with early records of the English Church, and of the marks she bears of pre-Reformation times. He was, therefore, well fitted for the task of preparing this collection of papers dealing with 'the byways and highways' of Church History in this country, and the result is a volume that will give pleasure to many besides ecclesiastical antiquarians.... The writers of the various chapters show ample knowledge of the subjects they treat of, and considerable literary powers."—Liverpool Mercury.

"An exceedingly interesting miscellany, and will be read with the greater enjoyment that all the contributors have been at pains to banish pedantry from their articles, and to write them in a light and gossiping style."—Glasgow Herald.

Elegantly Bound in Cloth Gilt Demy 8vo. 7s. 6d.

THE LAWYER
IN
HISTORY, LITERATURE, AND HUMOUR,
Edited by WILLIAM ANDREWS, F.R.H.S.,

CONTENTS.

Introduction—Law Amongst Primitive Races—Ivo, Saint and Lawyer—Benefit of Clergy—Chaucer's Man of Law—The Law in Shakespeare—Revels at the Inns of Court—The Law in Scott—Dickens' Lawyers—Literary Lawyers—The Law in Rhyme—Fighting Lawyers—The Costume of the Law—Curious Circuit Customs—The Last Execution for Witchcraft—Curious Legal Facts, Customs, and Fictions—People in the Pillory—Amenities of the Bench and the Bar—Curiosities of the Witness Box—The Law and Laughter—Lawyers and Eloquence—Sealed and Delivered—A carefully compiled Index.

It will be gathered from the foregoing list of contents that the volume is one of unusual interest and value. The work may be read with pleasure and profit, and merits a place in the reference library.

PRESS OPINIONS

"A welcome addition to the lighter literature of the law."—The Times.

"A considerable amount of historical and literary information."—Daily News.

"An entertaining work. It is rich in the lore and the humour of the law, and ought to be as interesting to the layman as to the lawyer."—The Globe.

"An entertaining volume."—Manchester Guardian.

"A handsome volume.... The work is printed and got up in a style that does credit to the well-known firm of publishers."—Chester Courant.

"Deserves to be placed amongst the best English books of reference."—Stockport Advertiser.

"It is a repository of many entertaining, useful, and surprising facts, the result of considerable research."—Birmingham Daily Gazette.

PRICE ONE SHILLING.

"A very entertaining volume."—Birmingham Daily Gazette.

A LAWYER'S SECRETS.
By HERBERT LLOYD,
Author of "The Children of Chance," etc.

PRESS OPINIONS.

"Mr. Herbert Lloyd gives us a succession of stories which may reasonably be taken to have their origin in the experience of a lawyer practising at large in the criminal courts. It is natural that they should be of a romantic nature; but romance is not foreign to a lawyer's consulting room, so that this fact need not be charged against this lawyer's veracity.... The stories, seven in all, cover the ground of fraud and murder, inspired by the prevailing causes of crime—greed and jealousy. Our lawyer is happy in having the majority of his clients the innocent victims of false charges inspired and fostered in a great measure by their own folly; but this is a natural phase of professional experience, and we are only concerned with the fact that he generally manages it as effectively in the interests of his clients as his editor does in presenting them to his audience."—Literary World.

"A volume of entertaining stories.... The book has much the same interest as a volume of detective stories, except that putting the cases in a lawyer's mouth gives them a certain freshness. It is well written, and makes a capital volume for a railway journey."—The Scotsman.

"Mr. Herbert Lloyd has added a very entertaining volume to the lighter literature of the day. 'A Lawyer's Secrets' are a charmingly-told series of short stories, full of life and incident, without suggesting the impossible. The professional career of the lawyer abounds in interesting confidences, explaining many of the apparent mysteries which so frequently crop up. Mr. Lloyd ingeniously lets his readers—and they no doubt will be numerous—into the secrets of a highly-respected firm of solicitors, whose clients furnish the remarkable cases contained in the volume. Care has been taken not to weary the reader, who is afforded a very extensive range of sensations in crime to peruse. After 'A Double Consultation' comes 'Charged with Theft,' followed by 'A Tragic Bankruptcy.' Then 'A Curious Love Story' is narrated, and the mystery associated with a 'Wilful Murder' is solved by 'The Missing Clue.' The series is pleasantly concluded by an adventure of 'An Australian Heiress,' and if Mr. Lloyd is good enough at a subsequent period to divulge further secrets, we are sure they will be heartily welcomed by a wide circle of friends."—Birmingham Daily Gazette.

"May be recommended for shortening a railway journey or a similar purpose."—Aberdeen Free Press.

Elegantly bound, demy, 8vo., 7s. 6d.

"This is a charming and even captivating book."—Friends' Quarterly Examiner.

THE
QUAKER POETS
OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND,
By EVELYN NOBLE ARMITAGE,

Author of "A Dream of the Gironde," "The Poet in May," "The Message of Quakerism," etc., etc.

The volume opens with a brief sketch of the Rise of the Society of Friends, and Characteristics of its Poetry, Biographical Notices and Examples of the best Poems of the following poets are given:—

Jessie Adams, Gulielma A. Wheeler Baker, William Ball, William Barber, Bernard Barton, Henry Binns, James Beale, Mary Elizabeth Beck, Louisa Bigg, Robert Bird, Elias Bockett, Hannah Bowden, John Le Gay Brereton, Elizabeth Naish Capper, Jane Crewdson, Elfrida Mary Crowley, Dorothy Crowley, Thomas Ellwood, Sarah Hustler Fox, Robert Barclay Fox, Benjamin Goouch, Fanny Harris, John Harris, Hannah T. Harvey, T. Newenham Harvey, Thomas Hodgkin, David Holt, Mary Howitt, William Howitt, Richard Howitt, Thomas Hunton, James Hurnard, William Kitching, Mary Leadbeater, Wm. Henry Leatham, Thomas Lister, Charles Lloyd, Elizabeth Lucas, Mary C. Manners, John Marriott, Mary Mollineux, Amelia Opie, Ellen Clare Pearson, Fanny A. Prideaux, Anthony Purver, James Nicholson Richardson, Thomas Clio Rickman, Richard Ball Rutter, John Scott of Amwell, Lydia Shackleton, Lovell Squire, Matilda Sturge, Frederick Taylor, Phillips Thompson, William Phillips Thompson, John Todhunter, Arthur E. Tregelles, Anna Letitia Waring, Robert Spence Watson, Deborah Webb, Anna Louisa Westcombe, Hannah Maria Wigham, Thomas Wilkinson, James H. Wilson, Thomas Henry Wright.

Press Opinions.

"The book throughout is a good example of scholarly and appreciative editing."—The Times.

"The book is well worth reading, and evinces signs of careful selection and treatment of themes."—Liverpool Daily Post.

"Mrs. Armitage's book was worth compiling, and has claims on others than members of the Society of Friends."—Newcastle Daily Leader.

"The volume is well worth careful study."—Manchester Guardian.

"The austere simplicity of Quaker costume has, we believe, been considerably mitigated of late, and the "bonnet of drab," which Bernard Barton sang so enthusiastically, is no longer de rigueur in the Society of Friends. The outward garb of this Quaker anthology symbolises this relaxation for the sumptuary laws of costume; for instead of a severely grave binding, Mrs. Armitage's publishers have sent forth her collection in the form of a particularly handsome and attractive octavo of the amplest dimensions. Some sixty or seventy poets are represented, each selection being preceded by a page or two of biographical and critical matter."—Irish Monthly.

"The book has been compiled with care, and the biographical sketches are well rendered. It is elegantly got up, and will doubtless be widely read."—Friends' Quarterly Examiner.

"The book can hardly fail to be widely read as its sterling merit becomes known."—Hastings Observer.

"One of the most remarkable features of this volume is the fact that of the sixty-five poets sketched and quoted in its pages, not fewer than twenty-six are women. It is doubtful whether any other religious body could produce an equal proportion of female singers."—Glasgow Herald.

"The volume has an introduction of ten well-written pages on the rise of Quakerism and Quaker poetry, which fittingly leads up to the condensed biographical notices of each author whose works are quoted.... The book is admirably done, and the editor is entitled to the thanks of all who are interested in the preservation of the literature of the Society of Friends."—Christian Leader.

Just published. Crown 8vo., 330 pp. A Portrait of the Author and other Illustrations. Price 3/6.

THE RED, RED WINE,
BY THE REV. J. JACKSON WRAY.

"This, as its name implies, is a temperance story, and is told in the lamented author's most graphic style. We have never read anything so powerful since 'Danesbury House,' and this book in stern and pathetic earnestness even excels that widely-known book. It is worthy a place in every Sunday School and village library; and, as the latest utterance of one whose writings are so deservedly popular, it is sure of a welcome. It should give decision to some whose views about Local Option are hazy."—Joyful News.

"The story is one of remarkable power."—The Temperance Record.

"An excellent and interesting story."—The Temperance Chronicle.

"It is written in a graphic and conversational style, abounding with rapidly-succeeding incidents, which arrest and sustain the interest of the reader."—The League Journal.

"It is just the right sort of book for a prize or present, and should find a place in every Band of Hope and Sunday School library."—The Abstainer's Advocate.

"A pathetic interest attaches to this volume, it being the last legacy of Mr. Jackson Wray. It is a story with a purpose—to advocate the claims of total abstinence. The plot is laid in a small village of the East Riding of Yorkshire, and the author sketches the awful ravages of intemperance in that small community. The victims include a minister, doctor, and many others who found, when too late, that the red, red wine biteth like a serpent. Though terribly realistic, the picture is drawn from life, and every tragical incident had its counterpart among the dwellers in that village. It is a healthy and powerful temperance tale, and a fearless exposure of the quiet drinking that was so common in respectable circles thirty years ago. It should find a place in our school libraries to be read by elder scholars."—Methodist Times.

"This is a powerful story, the last from the pen of an indefatigable worker and true friend of the total abstinence cause. The scene of the o'er true tale is laid in East Yorkshire, the author's native district, which he knew and loved so well. The characters appear to be drawn from life, and every chapter has a vivid and terrible interest. The friendship between old Aaron Brigham and Little Kitty is touching. The tale of trouble, sorrow, and utter ruin wrought by the demon of strong drink might well rouse every man, woman, and child to fight the destroyer, which, in the unfolding of the story, we see enslaving minister and people, shaming the Christian Church, breaking hearts all round, and wrecking the dearest hopes of individuals and families. A striking and pitiful tale, not overdrawn."—Alliance News.


Trancribers Note:

The text contains unpaired double quotation marks which could not be corrected with confidence.

Brian Fitzcount and Brien Fitzcount (or Fitz-Count) in "Historic Berkshire" and "Wallingford Castle" may or may not be the same person. The authors didn't say and I cannot reliably determine.

Hugh Farringdon and Hugh Faringdon in "The Last of the Abbotts" most certainly were the same person. Which is correct, the reader can take his choice. An on-line search shows both, hopefully Hugh knew.

The same applies to Colonel Whichcott and Colonel Whitchcott in "Windsor Castle".